<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001104659-23-005848.txt : 20230123
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<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20230123165340
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001104659-23-005848
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		15
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20230122
ITEM INFORMATION:		Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement
ITEM INFORMATION:		Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities
ITEM INFORMATION:		Departure of Directors or Certain Officers; Election of Directors; Appointment of Certain Officers: Compensatory Arrangements of Certain Officers
ITEM INFORMATION:		Regulation FD Disclosure
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20230123
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20230123

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			RITCHIE BROS AUCTIONEERS INC
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001046102
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	SERVICES-BUSINESS SERVICES, NEC [7389]
		IRS NUMBER:				000000000
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			A6
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	001-13425
		FILM NUMBER:		23545029

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		9500 GLENLYON PARKWAY
		CITY:			BURNABY
		STATE:			A1
		ZIP:			V5J 0C6
		BUSINESS PHONE:		7783315500

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		9500 GLENLYON PARKWAY
		CITY:			BURNABY
		STATE:			A1
		ZIP:			V5J 0C6
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<p style="margin-top: 0; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font: 14pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>UNITED
STATES</b></span></p>

<p style="margin-top: 0; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font: 14pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>SECURITIES
AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</b></span></p>

<p style="margin-top: 0; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></span></p>

<p style="margin-top: 0; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0"><span style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Washington,
D.C. 20549</span></p>

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<p style="font: 14pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><b>FORM <span id="xdx_904_edei--DocumentType_c20230122__20230122_zFbwIjn9Zvi6"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-01-22to2023-01-22" name="dei:DocumentType">8-K</ix:nonNumeric></span></b></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><b>CURRENT REPORT</b></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">Pursuant to Section
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(Registrant&#8217;s Telephone Number,
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><span style="text-decoration: underline">N/A</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(Former name or former address, if changed
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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended
to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions (see General Instruction
A.2. below):</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center; margin-bottom: 0pt">Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

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<p style="margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging
growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (&#167;230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 (&#167;240.12b-2 of this chapter).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Emerging growth company <span style="font-family: Wingdings"><span id="xdx_909_edei--EntityEmergingGrowthCompany_c20230122__20230122_zyxyexSGXRNg"><ix:nonNumeric contextRef="From2023-01-22to2023-01-22" format="ixt:booleanfalse" name="dei:EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">&#168;</ix:nonNumeric></span></span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the
registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards
provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. <span style="font-family: Wingdings">&#168;</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>Item 1.01
Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement</b></span>.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">On January 22, 2023, Ritchie
Bros. Auctioneers Incorporated (the &#8220;<span style="text-decoration: underline">Company</span>&#8221; or &#8220;<span style="text-decoration: underline">RBA</span>&#8221;)
entered into a securities purchase agreement (the &#8220;<span style="text-decoration: underline">Purchase Agreement</span>&#8221;) with
Starboard Value LP (&#8220;<span style="text-decoration: underline">Starboard Value</span>&#8221;), certain of its affiliated funds (the
&#8220;<span style="text-decoration: underline">Purchasers</span>&#8221;), and Jeffrey C. Smith (together with Starboard Value and the
Purchasers, &#8220;<span style="text-decoration: underline">Starboard</span>&#8221;), pursuant to which the Company agreed to issue and
sell to the Purchasers, in a private placement (the &#8220;<span style="text-decoration: underline">PIPE Transaction</span>&#8221;) exempt
from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &#8220;<span style="text-decoration: underline">Securities
Act</span>&#8221;), and the prospectus requirements of British Columbia securities law, (i) an aggregate of 485,000,000 Senior Preferred
Shares of the Company designated as Series A Senior Preferred Shares (the &#8220;<span style="text-decoration: underline">Preferred Shares</span>&#8221;),
which Preferred Shares are convertible into the Company&#8217;s common shares (the &#8220;<span style="text-decoration: underline">Common
Shares,</span>&#8221; and such Common Shares as may be issued upon conversion of the Preferred Shares, the &#8220;<span style="text-decoration: underline">Conversion
Shares</span>&#8221;) for an aggregate purchase price of $485.0 million, or $1.00 per Preferred Share, and (ii) an aggregate of 251,163
Common Shares of the Company (the &#8220;<span style="text-decoration: underline">Purchased Common Shares</span>&#8221; and together
with the Preferred Shares, the &#8220;<span style="text-decoration: underline">Purchased Shares</span>&#8221;), for an aggregate purchase
price of approximately $15.0 million, or $59.722 per Common Share. The closing of the PIPE Transaction is conditioned upon certain customary
closing conditions, including the approval of The New York Stock Exchange (the &#8220;<span style="text-decoration: underline">NYSE</span>&#8221;)
and conditional listing approval of the Toronto Stock Exchange (the "<span style="text-decoration: underline">TSX</span>"), subject to
customary listing conditions, and is expected to occur on or about January 25, 2023 (or such later date following the satisfaction or
waiver of the closing conditions as determined in accordance with the Purchase Agreement). The closing date of the PIPE Transaction is
referred to in this Current Report on Form 8-K as the &#8220;<span style="text-decoration: underline">Issue Date</span>.&#8221;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Purchase Agreement</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b><i>Governance</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Pursuant to the terms of
the Purchase Agreement, upon the approval by the Company's shareholders of the issuance of Common Shares in connection with the Merger
(as defined below) and IAA, Inc.'s ("<span style="text-decoration: underline">IAA</span>") shareholders of the Merger by both the RBA
and IAA shareholders (the &#8220;<span style="text-decoration: underline">Appointment Event</span>&#8221;), the Company will increase
the size of its Board of Directors (the &#8220;<span style="text-decoration: underline">Board</span>&#8221;) from nine to ten directors
and appoint Jeffrey C. Smith, Managing Member, Chief Executive Officer and Chief Investment Officer of Starboard Value, as a member of
the Board. As a condition to Mr. Smith&#8217;s appointment to the Board, Mr. Smith is required to submit an irrevocable resignation letter
pursuant to which he will resign from the Board automatically and immediately if (A) Starboard fails to beneficially own in the aggregate
at least 50.0% of the Purchased Shares (on an as-converted basis and subject to adjustment for share splits, reclassifications, combinations
and similar adjustments) or (B) Starboard or Mr. Smith materially breaches certain provisions of the Purchase Agreement (each, a &#8220;<span style="text-decoration: underline">Resignation
Event</span>&#8221;). If the Appointment Event has occurred, and so long as there has been no Resignation Event, the Board will nominate
Mr. Smith, along with its other nominees, for election to the Board at the Company&#8217;s 2023 annual meeting of shareholders (the &#8220;<span style="text-decoration: underline">2023
Annual Meeting</span>&#8221;) for a term expiring at the Company&#8217;s 2024 annual meeting of shareholders (the &#8220;<span style="text-decoration: underline">2024
Annual Meeting</span>&#8221;) and the Company will recommend, support and solicit proxies for the election of Mr. Smith at the 2023 Annual
Meeting in the same manner as it recommends, supports, and solicits proxies for the election of any continuing director.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Starboard has agreed, from the Appointment Event
until the later of (i) the earlier of (x) the date that is 30 days prior to the deadline for the submission of shareholder nominations
for the 2024 Annual Meeting pursuant to the Company&#8217;s organizational documents and (y) the date that is 100 days prior to the first
anniversary of the 2023 Annual Meeting and (ii) the date that Mr. Smith no longer serves on the Board (the &#8220;<span style="text-decoration: underline">Standstill Period</span>&#8221;),
to customary standstill restrictions. Starboard has an option to extend the Standstill Period by one-year periods (the &#8220;<span style="text-decoration: underline">Continuation
Option</span>&#8221;), which Continuation Option may be exercised no more than twice, subject to certain limitations including that no Resignation
Event has occurred. In the event that Starboard exercises a Continuation Option, and subject to his consent to serve and the other requirements
set forth in the Purchase Agreement, the Company will take all necessary actions to nominate Mr. Smith for election as a director at the
Company&#8217;s next annual meeting of shareholders. In the event that Starboard does not exercise the Continuation Option prior to an
applicable deadline, the Standstill Period will expire without extension.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Starboard also has agreed that, during the Standstill
Period, it will not vote any shares beneficially owned by it against (including through a &#8220;withhold&#8221; vote) any of the Company&#8217;s
nominees for director, including any continuing director, or the Board&#8217;s recommendation with respect to any other Company proposal
or shareholder proposal or nomination presented at an annual or special meeting of shareholders. There are no restrictions, however, on
Starboard&#8217;s ability to vote shares beneficially owned by it with respect to any extraordinary transaction that may be presented
for shareholder approval during the Standstill Period or the election or removal of Mr. Smith. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Starboard
shall not vote any Preferred Shares or Common Shares beneficially owned by it at the special meeting of shareholders to be held by the
Company with respect to the Merger.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The Purchase Agreement also includes a customary
mutual non-disparagement provision, effective during the Standstill Period.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">In the event that the Appointment Event does not
occur, the provisions of the Purchase Agreement described above will be void and of no further effect from and after such time.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b><i>Participation Rights</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The Purchase Agreement provides that if the Company
proposes to issue any equity or equity-linked securities in a private placement not involving a registration statement for the primary
purpose of raising capital, the Purchasers will have the right to participate in any such transaction and purchase up to an amount equal
to 15% of such securities, multiplied by the fraction of (i) the number of Preferred Shares then held by the Purchasers over (ii) the
number of Preferred Shares issued to the Purchasers on the Issue Date. This participation right is subject to certain exceptions as specified
in the Purchase Agreement. The Purchasers will have the right to participate in any such transaction until a Resignation Event occurs.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b><i>Transfer Restrictions</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">From the date of the Purchase Agreement until the
one year anniversary of the Issue Date, the Purchasers will be restricted from transferring, other than to affiliates of such Purchasers
who agree to be bound by such restrictions, or hedging any of their Purchased Shares or Conversion Shares. Such restriction shall no longer
apply upon the vote by the Company&#8217;s shareholders and IAA&#8217;s stockholders on the transactions contemplated by the Agreement
and Plan of Merger and Reorganization, dated as of November 7, 2022, as amended by the amendment to the Merger Agreement, dated January
22, 2023, by and among the Company, Ritchie Bros. Holdings, Inc., Impala Merger Sub I, LLC, Impala Merger Sub II, LLC, and IAA (as amended,
the &#8220;<span style="text-decoration: underline">Merger Agreement</span>&#8221; and such transactions, the &#8220;<span style="text-decoration: underline">Merger</span>&#8221;). From and after the approval by the
Company&#8217;s shareholders of the issuance of Common Shares in connection with the Merger and IAA&#8217;s shareholders of the Merger,
until the one year anniversary of the Issue Date, the Purchasers will be restricted from transferring, other than to affiliates of such
Purchasers who agree to be bound by such restrictions, any Preferred Shares or hedging any Preferred Shares or Conversion Shares, other
than any Common Shares issuable pursuant to dividends payable under the terms of the Articles of Amendment (as defined below). If the
Merger is not approved by the Company&#8217;s or IAA&#8217;s shareholders, the transfer restriction described in the foregoing sentence
will not come into effect. If the Merger Agreement is terminated in accordance with its terms, the foregoing transfer restrictions will
cease to apply. The Purchasers are also subject to certain Canadian holding period requirements with respect to their Purchased Shares
and, if applicable, Conversion Shares. In addition, the Purchasers are restricted from transferring their Preferred Shares to certain
competitors of the Company and certain activist shareholders without the Company&#8217;s prior written consent.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b><i>Registration Rights</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">As a condition to the
closing of the PIPE Transaction, the Company and the Purchasers will enter into a registration rights agreement (the &#8220;<span style="text-decoration: underline">Registration
Rights Agreement</span>&#8221;) pursuant to which the Company will grant the Purchasers certain customary registration rights (under
U.S. securities laws) with respect to the Purchased Common Shares, the Conversion Shares and certain other securities that may be
issued to the Purchasers in respect thereof, subject to specified limitations.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b><i>Additional Matters</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The Purchase Agreement contains customary representations,
warranties and covenants by the parties. The Purchase Agreement also includes customary closing provisions for the benefit of the Company
and the Purchasers. There can be no assurance that the closing of the PIPE Transaction will occur, or will occur in a timely manner. Subject
to certain limitations, the Company has also agreed to indemnify each of the Purchasers for certain losses and other liabilities arising
out of the PIPE Transaction.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Preferred Shares; Articles of Amendment</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The terms of the Preferred Shares will be set forth
in the articles of amendment of the Company (the &#8220;<span style="text-decoration: underline">Articles of Amendment</span>&#8221;).</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Pursuant to the terms of the terms of the Articles
of Amendment, holders of the Preferred Shares (&#8220;<span style="text-decoration: underline">Holders</span>&#8221;) will have the right to convert their Preferred Shares any
time or times on or after the Issue Date into a number of Common Shares equal to the then-applicable Conversion Amount (as defined below)
multiplied by the then-applicable conversion rate (the &#8220;<span style="text-decoration: underline">Conversion Rate</span>&#8221;). The Conversion Rate will initially be 0.0136986
Common Shares per $1.00 Conversion Amount, subject to customary anti-dilution adjustment provisions. The &#8220;Conversion Amount,&#8221;
as defined in the Articles of Amendment, is equal to the issue price of the Preferred Shares and any accrued and unpaid dividends.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Subject to certain conditions, the Company will
have the right to cause all or any portion of the Preferred Shares to be converted into Common Shares at the Conversion Rate, if the closing
price of the Common Shares on the NYSE equals or exceeds 190% of the Conversion Price during 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive)
occurring in any 30 consecutive trading day period occurring on or after the third anniversary of the Issue Date and ending on the trading
day immediately preceding the date the Company sends notice to the Holders of the exercise of such right. In addition, subject to certain
conditions, the Company will have the right to cause all or any portion of the Preferred Shares to be converted into Common Shares at
the Conversion Rate, if the closing price of the Common Shares on the NYSE equals or exceeds 175% of the Conversion Price during 20 trading
days (whether or not consecutive) occurring in any 30 consecutive trading day period occurring on or after the seventh anniversary of
the Issue Date and ending on the trading day immediately preceding the date the Company sends notice to the Holders of the exercise of
such right.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The Preferred Shares will not have a stated maturity
date and will not be subject to any sinking fund.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b><i>Ranking</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
Preferred Shares will rank</span>, with respect to rights as to dividends, distributions, redemptions and payments upon the liquidation,
dissolution and winding up of the Company, (a) senior to all of the junior preferred shares of the Company, Common Shares and any other
class or series of capital shares of the Company, issued or authorized after the Issued Date, the terms of which do not expressly provide
that such class or series ranks senior to or on a parity with the Preferred Shares, (b) on a parity basis with each other class or series
of capital shares issued or authorized after the Issue Date, the terms of which expressly provide that such class or series ranks on a
parity basis with the Preferred Shares, and (c) junior with each other class or series of capital shares issued or authorized after the
Issue Date, the terms of which expressly provide that such class or series ranks senior to the Preferred Shares.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b><i>Dividends</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">From and after the Issue Date, Holders will be
entitled to receive dividends on the Preferred Shares (the &#8220;<span style="text-decoration: underline">Preferential Dividends</span>&#8221;) at the rate of 5.50% per annum
(the &#8220;<span style="text-decoration: underline">Preferential Dividend Rate</span>&#8221;), payable quarterly in arrears on March 15, June 15, September 15 and December 15
of each year. The Company may pay Preferential Dividends in cash or, in certain circumstances, Common Shares.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">On the fourth anniversary of the Issue Date, Holders
will have the right to increase the Preferential Dividend Rate to 7.50%, and on the ninth anniversary of the Issue Date, Holders will
have the right to increase the Preferential Dividend Rate to a fixed percentage equal to the greater of (x) 600 bps over the daily simple
SOFR as then in effect and (y) 10.50%, subject, in each case, to the Company&#8217;s right to redeem the Preferred Shares for which a
dividend rate increase has been demanded (an &#8220;<span style="text-decoration: underline">Increased Dividend Rate Demand</span>&#8221;) as described below.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">In addition, from and after the Issue Date, Holders
will also be entitled to receive the greater of (i) any regular quarterly cash dividends paid to the holders of Common Shares and (ii)
$0.27, subject to customary adjustment.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b><i>Company Redemption Rights </i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">If
the Merger Agreement is terminated in accordance with its terms and subject to certain conditions, then during the 90 day period following
the later of (x) August 7, 2023 and (y) the termination of the Merger Agreement, the Company will have the right, subject to 10 days&#8217;
notice, to redeem </span>between 50% and 100% of the Preferred Shares, at a price equal to 102% of the applicable Conversion Amount. In
addition, in connection with any Increased Dividend Rate Demand, subject to certain conditions, and upon 45 days&#8217; notice to the
Holders, the Company will have the right to redeem all or any portion of the Preferred Shares then outstanding, at a price equal to 100%
of the applicable Conversion Amount. Finally, at any time after the ninth anniversary of the Issue Date, subject to certain conditions,
and upon 45 days&#8217; notice to the Holders, the Company will have the right to redeem all or any portion of the Preferred Shares then
outstanding, at a price equal to 100% of the applicable Conversion Amount. For the avoidance of doubt, Holders will have the right to
convert or exchange all or any portion of Preferred Shares called for redemption into Common Shares at the Conversion Rate in lieu of
redemption.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b><i>Voting</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Other than in connection with the special meeting
of the Company&#8217;s shareholders with respect to the approval of the issuance of Common Shares in connection with the Merger, Holders
will be entitled to vote together with the Common Shares on an as-converted basis on all matters permitted by applicable law, subject
to certain exceptions to enable compliance with applicable antitrust law.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Holders of Preferred Shares will also be entitled
to a separate class vote with respect to amendments to the Company&#8217;s organizational documents that generally have an adverse effect
on the Preferred Shares as well as other customary preferred shareholder approval rights.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b><i>Offer to Repurchase Upon Change of Control</i></b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Upon consummation of one or more specified change
of control transactions (the &#8220;<span style="text-decoration: underline">Change of Control Transaction</span>&#8221;), the Holders will have the right to require the Company
to repurchase the Preferred Shares in cash at an amount equal to the sum of (i) the greater of (A) the Conversion Amount and (B) the &#8220;Change
of Control As-Converted Value&#8221; with respect to the Preferred Shares being redeemed and (ii) the &#8220;Make-Whole Amount&#8221;
(as each of those terms is defined in the Articles of Amendment) (the &#8220;<span style="text-decoration: underline">Change of Control Redemption Price</span>&#8221;); provided,
however, that each Holder, at its option, may elect instead to convert its Preferred Shares into the applicable change of control consideration
in accordance with the procedures set forth in the Articles of Amendment.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">In addition, the Company has the right to redeem
the Preferred Shares at the Change of Control Redemption Price in the event of a Change of Control Transaction where the successor entity
is not traded on certain eligible markets as specified in the Articles of Amendment.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The description contained herein of the Purchase
Agreement, the Registration Rights Agreement, the Preferred Shares and the Articles of Amendment does not purport to be complete and is
subject to, and qualified in its entirety by reference to, the terms of the Purchase Agreement, which is attached hereto as Exhibit 10.1
and is incorporated herein by reference, and the Registration Rights Agreement and the Articles of Amendment, which includes the terms
of the Preferred Shares, forms of which are attached to the Purchase Agreement.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><b>Item 3.02
Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities</b></span>.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The information contained in Item 1.01 of this
Current Report on Form 8-K is incorporated herein by reference.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">On January 22, 2023, the Company entered into the
Purchase Agreement, pursuant to which it agreed to issue and sell the Purchased Shares to the Purchasers in a private placement in reliance
on the exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act provided by Section 4(a)(2) of the Securities Act relating to
sales by an issuer not involving any public offering and the prospectus requirements of British Columbia securities law. The Company will
rely on these exemptions from registration and prospectus requirements based, in part, on representations made by the Purchasers in the
Purchase Agreement. Under the terms of the Articles of Amendment, the maximum conversion rate in respect of the Preferred Shares (including
the maximum Make-Whole Amount) is of 0.0167442 Common Shares per $1.00 Conversion Amount.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Item 5.02 Departure of Directors or Certain Officers; Election of
Directors; Appointment of Certain Officers; Compensatory Arrangements of Certain Officers.</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The information contained in Item 1.01 of this
Current Report on Form 8-K is incorporated herein by reference.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Item 7.01 Regulation FD Disclosure.</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">On January 23, 2023, the Company issued a news
release announcing the execution of the Purchase Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby. A copy of the news release is furnished
as Exhibit 99.1 to this Current Report on Form 8-K and is incorporated herein by reference.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">The information included in Item 7.01 of this Current
Report on Form 8-K and Exhibit 99.1 attached hereto are being furnished and shall not be deemed &#8220;filed&#8221; for purposes of Section
18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the &#8220;<span style="text-decoration: underline">Exchange Act</span>&#8221;), or otherwise subject to the liabilities
of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference into any other filing under the Securities Act, or the Exchange Act,
regardless of any general incorporation language in any such filing.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><b>Forward-Looking Statements</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">This
report contains information relating to a proposed business combination transaction between RBA and IAA This report includes forward-looking
information within the meaning of Canadian securities legislation and forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of
the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (collectively, &#8220;forward-looking statements&#8221;). Forward-looking
statements may include statements relating to future events and anticipated results of operations, events that will occur if the Merger
receives shareholder approval or else is terminated, future events that will occurred based on the terms of any agreement RBA or IAA signs;
corporate governance documents RBA or IAA will adopt and the terms or rights to be contained therewithin, business strategies, the anticipated
benefits of the proposed transaction, the anticipated impact of the proposed transaction on the combined company&#8217;s business and
future financial and operating results, </span>the expected or estimated amount, achievability, sources, impact and timing of cost synergies
and revenue, growth, operational enhancement, expansion and other value creation opportunities from the proposed transaction, the expected
debt, de-leveraging and capital allocation of the combined company, the anticipated closing date for the proposed transaction, other aspects
of RBA&#8217;s or IAA&#8217;s respective businesses, operations, financial condition or operating results and other statements that are
not historical facts. There can be no assurance that the proposed transaction will in fact be consummated. These forward-looking statements
generally can be identified by phrases such as &#8220;will,&#8221; &#8220;should,&#8221; &#8220;expects,&#8221; &#8220;plans,&#8221; &#8220;anticipates,&#8221;
&#8220;could,&#8221; &#8220;intends,&#8221; &#8220;target,&#8221; &#8220;goal,&#8221; &#8220;projects,&#8221; &#8220;contemplates,&#8221;
&#8220;believes,&#8221; &#8220;predicts,&#8221; &#8220;potential,&#8221; &#8220;continue,&#8221; &#8220;foresees,&#8221; &#8220;forecasts,&#8221;
&#8220;estimates,&#8221; &#8220;opportunity&#8221; or other words or phrases of similar import.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">It
is uncertain whether any of the events anticipated by the forward-looking statements will transpire or occur, or if any of them do, what
impact they will have on the results of operations and financial condition of the combined companies or the price of RBA&#8217;s common
shares or IAA&#8217;s common stock. Therefore, you should not place undue reliance on any such statements and caution must be exercised
in relying on forward-looking statements. While RBA&#8217;s and IAA&#8217;s management believe the assumptions underlying the forward-looking
statements are reasonable, these forward-looking statements involve certain risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond the parties&#8217;
control, that could cause actual results to differ materially from those indicated in such forward-looking statements, including but
not limited to: the possibility that shareholders of RBA may not approve the issuance of new common shares of RBA in the transaction
or that stockholders of IAA may not approve the adoption of the Merger Agreement; the risk that a condition to closing of the proposed
transaction may not be satisfied (or waived), that either party may terminate the Merger Agreement or that the closing of the proposed
transaction might be delayed or not occur at all; the anticipated tax treatment of the proposed transaction; potential adverse reactions
or changes to business or employee relationships, including those resulting from the announcement or completion of the proposed transaction;
the diversion of management time on transaction-related issues; the response of competitors to the proposed transaction; the ultimate
difficulty, timing, cost and results of integrating the operations of RBA and IAA; the effects of the business combination of RBA and
IAA, including the combined company&#8217;s future financial condition, results of operations, strategy and plans; the failure (or delay)
to receive the required regulatory approval of the transaction; the fact that operating costs and business disruption may be greater
than expected following the public announcement or consummation of the proposed transaction; <span style="background-color: white">the
effect of the announcement, pendency or consummation of the proposed transaction on the trading price of RBA&#8217;s common shares or
IAA&#8217;s common stock; the ability of RBA and/or IAA to retain and hire key personnel and employees</span>; the significant costs
associated with the proposed transaction; the outcome of any legal proceedings that could be instituted against RBA, IAA and/or others
relating to the proposed transaction; restrictions during the pendency of the proposed transaction that may impact the ability of RBA
and/or IAA to pursue non-ordinary course transactions, including certain business opportunities or strategic transactions; </span>the
ability of the combined company to realize anticipated synergies in the amount, manner or timeframe expected or at all; the failure of
the combined company to realize potential revenue, growth, operational enhancement, expansion or other value creation opportunities from
the sources or in the amount, manner or timeframe expected or at all; the failure of the trading multiple of the combined company to
normalize or re-rate and other fluctuations in such trading multiple; changes in capital markets and the ability of the combined company
to finance operations in the manner expected or to de-lever in the timeframe expected; the failure of RBA or the combined company to
meet financial and/or KPI targets; the failure to satisfy any of the conditions to closing of the Starboard investment in RBA, including
TSX acceptance of the private placement; <span style="background-color: white">legislative, regulatory and economic developments affecting
the business of RBA and IAA; general economic and market developments and conditions; the evolving legal, regulatory and tax regimes
under which RBA and IAA operates; unpredictability and severity of catastrophic events, including, but not limited to, pandemics, acts
of terrorism or outbreak of war or hostilities, as well as RBA&#8217;s or IAA&#8217;s response to any of the aforementioned factors</span>.
These risks, as well as other risks related to the proposed transaction, are included in the registration statement on Form S-4 and joint
proxy statement/prospectus filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the &#8220;SEC&#8221;) and applicable Canadian securities
regulatory authorities in connection with the proposed transaction. While the list of factors presented here is, and the list of factors
presented in the registration statement on Form S-4 are, considered representative, no such list should be considered to be a complete
statement of all potential risks and uncertainties.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">For
additional information about other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those described in the forward-looking
statements, please refer to RBA&#8217;s and IAA&#8217;s respective periodic reports and other filings with the SEC and/or applicable Canadian
securities regulatory authorities, including the risk factors identified in RBA&#8217;s most recent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and
Annual Report on Form 10-K and IAA&#8217;s most recent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Annual Report on Form 10-K. The forward-looking
statements included in this report are made only as of the date hereof. Neither RBA nor IAA undertakes any obligation to update any forward-looking
statements to reflect actual results, new information, future events, changes in its expectations or other circumstances that exist after
the date as of which the forward-looking statements were made, except as required by law.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white; color: red">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><b>No Offer or Solicitation</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in; background-color: white">This report is not intended
to and shall not constitute an offer to buy or sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy or sell any securities, or a solicitation of
any vote or approval, nor shall there be any offer, solicitation or sale of securities in any jurisdiction in which such offer, solicitation
or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification under the securities laws of any such jurisdiction. No offer of securities
shall be made except by means of a prospectus meeting the requirements of Section 10 of the Securities Act or pursuant to an exemption
from, or in a transaction not subject to, such registration requirements.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><b>Important Additional Information and Where
to Find It</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">In connection with the proposed
transaction, RBA filed with the SEC and applicable Canadian securities regulatory authorities a registration statement on Form S-4 to
register the common shares of RBA to be issued in connection with the proposed transaction on December 14, 2022. The registration statement
includes a joint proxy statement/prospectus which will be sent to the shareholders of RBA and the stockholders of IAA seeking their approval
of their respective transaction-related proposals. Each of RBA and IAA may also file other relevant documents with the SEC and/or applicable
Canadian securities regulatory authorities regarding the proposed transaction. This document is not a substitute for the proxy statement/prospectus
or registration statement or any other document that RBA or IAA may file with the SEC and/or applicable Canadian securities regulatory
authorities. INVESTORS AND SECURITY HOLDERS ARE URGED TO READ THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT ON FORM S-4 AND THE RELATED JOINT PROXY STATEMENT/PROSPECTUS,
AS WELL AS ANY AMENDMENTS OR SUPPLEMENTS TO THOSE DOCUMENTS AND ANY OTHER RELEVANT DOCUMENTS FILED OR TO BE FILED WITH THE SEC AND APPLICABLE
CANADIAN SECURITIES REGULATORY AUTHORITIES IN CONNECTION WITH THE PROPOSED TRANSACTION OR INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE IN THE PROXY STATEMENT/PROSPECTUS,
CAREFULLY AND IN THEIR ENTIRETY IF AND WHEN THEY BECOME AVAILABLE, BECAUSE THEY CONTAIN OR WILL CONTAIN IMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT RBA,
IAA AND THE PROPOSED TRANSACTION.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Investors and security holders
may obtain copies of these documents (when they are available) free of charge through the website maintained by the SEC at www.sec.gov,
SEDAR at www.sedar.com or from RBA at its website, investor.ritchiebros.com, or from IAA at its website, investors.iaai.com. Documents
filed with the SEC and applicable Canadian securities regulatory authorities by RBA (when they are available) will be available free of
charge by accessing RBA&#8217;s website at investor.ritchiebros.com under the heading Financials/SEC Filings, or, alternatively, by directing
a request by telephone or mail to RBA at 9500 Glenlyon Parkway, Burnaby, BC, V5J 0C6, Canada, and documents filed with the SEC by IAA
(when they are available) will be available free of charge by accessing IAA&#8217;s website at investors.iaai.com or by contacting IAA&#8217;s
Investor Relations at investors@iaai.com.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; color: red">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Participants in the Solicitation</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">RBA and IAA and certain of
their respective directors and executive officers and other members of management and employees, and Jeffrey C. Smith, may be deemed to
be participants in the solicitation of proxies from the stockholders of RBA and IAA in respect of the proposed transaction under the rules
of the SEC. Information about RBA&#8217;s directors and executive officers is available in RBA&#8217;s definitive proxy statement on Schedule
14A for its 2022 Annual Meeting of Shareholders, which was filed with the SEC and applicable Canadian securities regulatory authorities
on March 15, 2022, and certain of its Current Reports on Form 8-K. Information about IAA&#8217;s directors and executive officers is available
in IAA&#8217;s definitive proxy statement on Schedule 14A for its 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which was filed with the SEC on
May 2, 2022, and certain of its Current Reports on Form 8-K. Other information regarding persons who may be deemed participants in the
proxy solicitation and a description of their direct and indirect interests, by security holdings or otherwise, including information
with respect to Mr. Smith, are contained or will be contained in the joint proxy statement/prospectus and other relevant materials filed
or to be filed with the SEC and applicable Canadian securities regulatory authorities regarding the proposed transaction when they become
available. Investors should read the joint proxy statement/prospectus carefully before making any voting or investment decisions. You
may obtain free copies of these documents from RBA or IAA free of charge using the sources indicated above.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b></b></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>&#160;</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><b>Item 9.01 Financial Statements and Exhibits.</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">(d) <span style="text-decoration: underline">Exhibits.</span></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="text-align: justify; width: 10%"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Exhibit</b></span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify; width: 2%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify; width: 88%">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: bottom">
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: justify"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Number</b></span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify">&#160;</td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; text-align: center"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Description</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="text-align: justify; vertical-align: top"><a href="tm234150d1_ex10-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.1*</span></a></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify; vertical-align: bottom">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify; vertical-align: top"><a href="tm234150d1_ex10-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of January 22, 2023, by and among Ritchie Bros. Auctioneers Incorporated, Starboard Value LP, Jeffrey Smith and the purchasers named therein.</span></a></td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="text-align: justify; vertical-align: top"><a href="tm234150d1_ex99-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">99.1+</span></a></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify; vertical-align: bottom">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify; vertical-align: top"><a href="tm234150d1_ex99-1.htm" style="-sec-extract: exhibit"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">News release, dated January 23, 2023 issued by Ritchie Bros. Auctioneers Incorporated, announcing the PIPE Transaction. </span></a></td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="text-align: justify; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">104</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify; vertical-align: bottom">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Cover Page Interactive Data File.</span></td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="text-align: justify; vertical-align: top">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify; vertical-align: bottom">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify; vertical-align: top">&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="text-align: justify; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">*</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify; vertical-align: bottom">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Certain schedules and similar attachments have been omitted pursuant to Item 601(a)(5) of Regulation S-K.&#160;&#160;RBA agrees to furnish a supplemental copy of any omitted schedule or attachment to the SEC upon request.</span></td></tr>
  <tr>
    <td style="text-align: justify; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">+</span></td>
    <td style="text-align: justify; vertical-align: bottom">&#160;</td>
    <td style="text-align: justify; vertical-align: top"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Furnished herewith.</span></td></tr>
  </table>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"></p>

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<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><b>SIGNATURES</b></p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly
authorized.</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">&#160;</p>

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
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    <td style="width: 50%">&#160;</td>
    <td style="width: 50%; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><b>Ritchie Bros. Auctioneers Incorporated</b></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(Registrant)</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td>&#160;</td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Date: January 23, 2023 </span></td>
    <td style="border-bottom: black 1pt solid; font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">/s/ <i>Darren Watt</i></span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Darren Watt</span></td></tr>
  <tr style="vertical-align: top">
    <td>&#160;</td>
    <td style="font-size: 10pt"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">General Counsel &amp; Corporate Secretary</span></td></tr>
  </table>
<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">&#160;</p>

<p style="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></p>

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<P STYLE="margin: 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: right; margin: 0"><B>Exhibit 10.1</B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: right; margin: 0"><B><I>Execution Version</I></B></P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center"><B>SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>SECURITIES
PURCHASE AGREEMENT</B></FONT> (the &quot;<B>Agreement</B>&quot;), dated as of January&#8239;22, 2023, by and among Ritchie Bros. Auctioneers
Incorporated, a company organized under the federal laws of Canada, with headquarters located at 9500 Glenlyon Parkway, Burnaby, British
Columbia, Canada V5J0C6 (the &quot;<B>Company</B>&quot;), the investors listed on the <U>Schedule of Buyers</U> attached hereto (individually,
a &quot;<B>Buyer</B>&quot; and collectively, the &quot;<B>Buyers</B>&quot;) and, solely with respect to Section&#8239;9 hereto, Starboard
Value LP and Jeffrey C. Smith (together with Starboard Value LP and the Buyers, &quot;<B>Starboard</B>&quot;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>WHEREAS</B></FONT>:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The
Company and each Buyer is executing and delivering this Agreement in reliance upon the exemption from securities registration afforded
by Section&#8239;4(a)(2)&#8239;of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the &quot;<B>1933 Act</B>&quot;), and/or Rule&#8239;506(b)&#8239;of
Regulation D (&quot;<B>Regulation&#8239;D</B>&quot;) as promulgated by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the &quot;<B>SEC</B>&quot;)
under the 1933 Act and under the exemptions from the prospectus delivery requirement provided by BC Instrument 72-503 <I>Distribution
of Securities outside of British Columbia</I> (&quot;<B>BC Instrument 72-503</B>&quot;).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">B.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The
Company has authorized the filing of articles of amendment (as may be amended from time to time, the &quot;<B>Articles of Amendment</B>&quot;)
in the form attached hereto as <U>Exhibit&#8239;A</U>, creating a new series of Senior Preferred Shares of the Company designated as Series&#8239;A
Senior Preferred Shares, the terms of which are set forth in the Articles of Amendment (together with any preferred shares issued in
replacement thereof in accordance with the terms of the Articles of Amendment including, for the avoidance of doubt, Series&#8239;A-1
Preferred Shares or Series&#8239;A-2 Preferred Shares (each as defined in the Articles of Amendment), the &quot;<B>Series&#8239;A Preferred
Shares</B>&quot;), which Series&#8239;A Preferred Shares shall be convertible into the Company's common shares, without par value (the
 &quot;<B>Common Shares</B>&quot;), in accordance with the terms of the Articles of Amendment (as converted, collectively, the &quot;<B>Conversion
Shares</B>&quot;).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">C.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Each
Buyer wishes to purchase, and the Company wishes to sell at the Closing (as defined below), upon the terms and conditions stated in this
Agreement, (i)&#8239;that aggregate number of Series&#8239;A Preferred Shares set forth opposite such Buyer's name in column (3)&#8239;on
the <U>Schedule of Buyers</U> (which aggregate number for all Buyers shall be 485,000,000) and (ii)&#8239;that aggregate number of Common
Shares set forth opposite such Buyer's name in column (4)&#8239;on the <U>Schedule of Buyers</U> (which aggregate number for all Buyers
shall be 251,163 (as adjusted for any share dividend, share split, share combination, reclassification or similar transaction relating
to the Common Shares occurring after the date hereof and prior to the Closing) and shall collectively be referred to herein as the &quot;<B>Common
Purchased Shares</B>&quot; and together with the Series&#8239;A Preferred Shares, the &quot;<B>Purchased Shares</B>&quot;).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">D.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">As
a condition precedent to the Closing, the parties hereto will execute and deliver a Registration Rights Agreement, substantially in the
form attached hereto as <U>Exhibit&#8239;B</U> (the &quot;<B>Registration Rights Agreement</B>&quot;), pursuant to which the Company will
agree to provide certain registration rights with respect to the Registrable Securities (as defined in the Registration Rights Agreement)
under the 1933 Act and the rules&#8239;and regulations promulgated thereunder, and applicable state securities laws.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">E.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The
Series&#8239;A Preferred Shares, the Conversion Shares and the Common Purchased Shares collectively are referred to herein as the &quot;<B>Securities</B>&quot;.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>NOW,
THEREFORE</B></FONT>, the Company and each Buyer hereby agree as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>PURCHASE
AND SALE OF PURCHASED SHARES.</U></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Closing</U>.
Subject to the satisfaction (or waiver) of the conditions set forth in Sections 6 and 7 below, the Company shall issue and sell to each
Buyer, and each Buyer severally, but not jointly, agrees to purchase from the Company on the Closing Date (as defined below), (i)&#8239;the
number of Series&#8239;A Preferred Shares as is set forth opposite such Buyer's name in column (3)&#8239;on the <U>Schedule of Buyers</U>
and (ii)&#8239;the number of Common Shares as is set forth opposite such Buyer's name in column (4)&#8239;on the <U>Schedule of Buyers
</U>(the &quot;<B>Closing</B>&quot;).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Closing
Date</U>. The date and time of the Closing (the &quot;<B>Closing Date</B>&quot;) shall be 10:00 a.m., New York City time, on January&#8239;25,
2023, provided that if the Closing shall not have occurred by January&#8239;25, 2023 and all the conditions to Closing, other than the
conditions set forth in Sections 6(iv)&#8239;and 7(vii)&#8239;and (viii), shall have been satisfied or shall be capable of being satisfied
at such time, the Closing shall occur on the second business day following the date on which the conditions set forth in Sections 6(iv)&#8239;and
7(vii)&#8239;and (viii)&#8239;are satisfied, subject to satisfaction (or waiver) of the conditions to the Closing set forth in Sections
6 and 7 below, at the offices of Schulte Roth&#8239;&amp; Zabel LLP, 919 Third Avenue, New York, New York 10022. The location of the Closing
may be undertaken remotely by electronic transfer of Closing documentation upon mutual agreement among the Company and the Buyers.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Purchase
Price</U>. Each Buyer shall pay (i)&#8239;$1.00 for each Series&#8239;A Preferred Share to be purchased by such Buyer at the Closing and
(ii)&#8239;$59.722 (as adjusted for any share dividend, share split, share combination, reclassification or similar transaction relating
to the Common Shares occurring after the date hereof and prior to the Closing) for each Common Share to be purchased by such Buyer at
the Closing (together, the &quot;<B>Purchase Price</B>&quot;). The aggregate Purchase Price to be paid by a Buyer for the applicable
Purchased Shares shall be the sum of (x)&#8239;the product of (i)&#8239;$1.00 and (ii)&#8239;the aggregate number of Series&#8239;A Preferred
Shares purchased by such Buyer at the Closing and (y)&#8239;the product of (i)&#8239;$59.722 (as adjusted for any share dividend, share
split, share combination, reclassification or similar transaction relating to the Common Shares occurring after the date hereof) and
(ii)&#8239;the aggregate number of Common Shares purchased by such Buyer at the Closing; provided, however, in the case of Starboard Value
and Opportunity Fund LP, directly or indirectly through one or more entities(the &quot;<B>Lead Investor</B>&quot;), part of the amount
payable by it shall be set-off, dollar for dollar, against amounts for which the Company is required to reimburse pursuant to Section&#8239;4(f).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">For
U.S. federal income tax purposes the parties intend to treat the Series&#8239;A Preferred Shares as participating stock and not as preferred
stock as defined under Section&#8239;1.305-5 of the Treasury Regulations promulgated under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended
(the &quot;<B>Internal Revenue Code</B>&quot;), and shall complete any reporting in a manner consistent with such treatment, unless otherwise
required by a &quot;final determination&quot; within the meaning of Section&#8239;1313(a)&#8239;of the Internal Revenue Code.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(e)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Form&#8239;of
Payment</U>. On the Closing Date, (i)&#8239;each Buyer shall pay its applicable Purchase Price to the Company for its Purchased Shares
at the Closing (in the case of the Lead Investor, such amounts will be set-off against the amounts payable by the Company to the Lead
Investor pursuant to Section&#8239;4(f)), by wire transfer of immediately available funds in accordance with the Company's written wire
instructions and (ii)&#8239;the Company shall issue to such Buyer, in book-entry form with respect to the Purchased Common Shares, and
certificates with respect to the Series&#8239;A Preferred Shares, such number of Purchased Shares and deliver to such Buyer a copy from
the Company's books and records evidencing such issuance and certificates to such Buyer at the address set forth on the Schedule of Buyers.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>BUYER'S
REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES</U>. Each Buyer, severally and not jointly, represents and warrants with respect to only itself that,
as of the date hereof and as of the Closing Date<FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">:</FONT></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Organization,
Qualification and Residency</U>. Such Buyer is duly organized and validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction
in which it is formed, and has the requisite power and authorization to own its properties and to carry on its business as now being
conducted and as presently proposed to be conducted. Such Buyer is duly qualified as a foreign entity to do business and is in good standing
in every jurisdiction in which its ownership of property or the nature of the business conducted by it makes such qualification necessary,
except to the extent that the failure to be so qualified or be in good standing would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably
be expected to have a Buyer Material Adverse Effect. As used in this Agreement, &quot;<B>Buyer Material Adverse Effect</B>&quot; means
any effect, change, event or occurrence that would prevent or materially delay, interfere with, hinder or impair (i)&#8239;the consummation
by such Buyer of any of the transactions contemplated hereby on a timely basis or (ii)&#8239;the material compliance by such Buyer with
its obligations under the Transaction Documents (as defined in Section&#8239;3(b)). Such Buyer is a &quot;non-resident&quot; or is not
a &quot;Canadian partnership&quot;, each as defined for purposes of the Income Tax Act (Canada) (&quot;<B>Canadian Tax Act</B>&quot;).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Consents</U>.
Such Buyer is not required to obtain any consent, authorization or order of, or make any filing or registration with any court, governmental
agency or any regulatory or self-regulatory agency or any other Person (as defined below) in order for it to execute, deliver or perform
any of its obligations under or contemplated by the Transaction Documents, in each case in accordance with the terms hereof or thereof
other than the filing of a notification with the Federal Trade Commission and the Department of Justice pursuant to the HSR Act (as defined
below) and any filing required to be made pursuant to Sections 13 and/or Section&#8239;16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended
(the &quot;<B>1934 Act</B>&quot;). All consents, authorizations, orders, filings and registrations which such Buyer is required to obtain
pursuant to the preceding sentence have been obtained or effected on or prior to the Closing Date, or shall timely be obtained or made
thereafter, and such Buyer is unaware of any facts or circumstances that might prevent such Buyer from obtaining or effecting any of
the consent, registration, application or filings pursuant to the preceding sentence.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Sufficient
Funds</U>. At the Closing, such Buyer will have available funds necessary to consummate the purchase of its Purchased Shares and pay
to the Company the applicable Purchase Price for such Purchased Shares, as contemplated by Section&#8239;1(c).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Ownership
of Shares</U>. Such Buyer and its affiliates do not beneficially own any Common Shares (without giving effect to the issuance of the
Purchased Shares).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(e)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>No
Public Sale or Distribution</U>. Such Buyer is acquiring the Securities for its own account and not with a view towards, or for resale
in connection with, the public sale or distribution thereof, except pursuant to sales registered or exempted under the 1933 Act; provided,
however, that except as otherwise set forth in this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents, by making the representations herein,
such Buyer does not agree to hold any of the Securities for any minimum or other specific term (other than in accordance with applicable
Canadian law) and reserves the right to dispose of the Securities at any time in accordance with or pursuant to a registration statement
or an exemption under the 1933 Act. Such Buyer is acquiring the Securities hereunder in the ordinary course of its business. Such Buyer
does not presently have any agreement or understanding, directly or indirectly, with any Person (as defined below) to distribute any
of the Securities. For purposes of this Agreement, &quot;<B>Person</B>&quot; means an individual, a limited liability company, a partnership,
a joint venture, a corporation, a trust, an unincorporated organization, any other entity and any governmental entity or any department
or agency thereof.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(f)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Accredited
Investor Status</U>. Such Buyer is an &quot;accredited investor&quot; as that term is defined in Rule&#8239;501(a)&#8239;of Regulation
D. Such Buyer (i)&#8239;has such knowledge and experience in financial and business matters as to be capable of evaluating the merits
and risks of its prospective investment with respect to the Securities and (ii)&#8239;can bear the economic risk of (A)&#8239;an investment
in the Securities indefinitely and (B)&#8239;a total loss in respect of such investment.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(g)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Distributions
outside of Canada</U>. Such Buyer understands that the Securities are not being offered, directly or indirectly, in Canada. Such Buyer
is not a resident in Canada and is purchasing the Securities as principal in accordance with the requirements of BC Instrument 72-503
and understands that the first trade of such Securities will be subject to the requirements of Section&#8239;2.5 of National Instrument
45-102 &ndash; <I>Resale of Securities</I> (&quot;<B>NI 45-102</B>&quot;).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(h)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Reliance
on Exemptions</U>. Such Buyer understands that the Securities are being offered and sold to it in reliance on specific exemptions from
the registration requirements of United States federal and state securities laws, as well as exemptions from the prospectus requirements
under applicable Canadian securities laws, and that the Company is relying in part upon the truth and accuracy of, and such Buyer's compliance
with, the representations, warranties, agreements, acknowledgments and understandings of such Buyer set forth herein in order to determine
the availability of such exemptions and the eligibility of such Buyer to acquire the Securities. Prior to the Closing, such Buyer is
acting solely in the capacity of an arm's length purchaser with respect to the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated
hereby and thereby and such Buyer is not (i)&#8239;an officer or director of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, (ii)&#8239;an &quot;affiliate&quot;
of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries (as defined in Rule&#8239;144 (as defined below)) or (iii)&#8239;a &quot;beneficial owner&quot;
of more than 10% of the Common Shares (as defined for purposes of Rule&#8239;13d-3 of the 1934 Act).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(i)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Information</U>.
Such Buyer and its advisors, if any, have been furnished with or have had full access to all materials relating to the business, finances
and operations of the Company and materials relating to the offer and sale of the Securities that have been requested by such Buyer.
Such Buyer and its advisors, if any, have been afforded the opportunity to ask questions of the Company or its representatives. Neither
such inquiries nor any other due diligence investigations conducted by such Buyer or its advisors, if any, or its representatives shall
modify, amend or affect such Buyer's right to rely on the Company's representations and warranties contained herein. Such Buyer understands
that its investment in the Securities involves a high degree of risk. Such Buyer has sought such accounting, legal and tax advice as
it has considered necessary to make an informed investment decision with respect to its acquisition of the Securities.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(j)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>No
Governmental Review</U>. Such Buyer understands that no United States federal or state agency or any other government or governmental
agency has passed on or made any recommendation or endorsement of the Securities or the fairness or suitability of the investment in
the Securities nor have such authorities passed upon or endorsed the merits of the offering of the Securities.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(k)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Transfer
or Resale</U>. Such Buyer acknowledges that: (i)&#8239;the Securities have not been and are not being registered under the 1933 Act or
any state securities laws, (ii)&#8239;such Buyer cannot sell, transfer, or otherwise dispose of any of the Securities, except in compliance
with the Transaction Documents and the registration requirements or exemption provisions of the 1933 Act and any other applicable securities
laws; and (iii)&#8239;neither the Company nor any other Person is under any obligation to register the Securities under the 1933 Act or
any state securities laws or to comply with the terms and conditions of any exemption thereunder (except pursuant to the Registration
Rights Agreement). Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Securities may be pledged in connection with a bona fide margin account or other
loan or financing arrangement secured by the Securities and such pledge of Securities shall not be deemed to be a transfer, sale or assignment
of the Securities hereunder, and no Buyer effecting a pledge of Securities shall be required to provide the Company with any notice thereof
or otherwise make any delivery to the Company pursuant to this Agreement or any other Transaction Document (as defined in Section&#8239;3(b)),
including, without limitation, this Section&#8239;2(j); <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, such Buyer complies with its obligations, if
any, set forth in Section&#8239;4(g).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(l)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>General
Solicitation</U>. To such Buyer's knowledge, neither the Company nor any other Person offered to sell the Securities to it by means of
any form of general solicitation or advertising, including but not limited to: (A)&#8239;any advertisement, article, notice or other communication
published in any newspaper, magazine or similar media or broadcast over television or radio or (B)&#8239;any seminar or meeting whose
attendees were invited by any general solicitation or general advertising.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(m)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Brokers;
Finders</U>. No broker, investment banker, financial advisor or other Person is entitled to any broker's, finder's, financial advisors
or other similar fee or commission, or the reimbursement of expenses in connection therewith, in connection with the transactions contemplated
by the Transaction Documents based upon arrangements made by or on behalf of such Buyer.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(n)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Authorization;
Validity; Enforcement</U>. Such Buyer has the requisite power and authority to enter into and perform its obligations under the Transaction
Documents to which such Buyer is a party. The execution and delivery of this Agreement and the other applicable Transaction Documents
to which such Buyer is a party by such Buyer and the consummation by such Buyer of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby have
been duly authorized by such Buyer. This Agreement and the other Transaction Documents to which such Buyer is a party have been duly
and validly authorized, executed and delivered on behalf of such Buyer and shall constitute the legal, valid and binding obligations
of such Buyer enforceable against such Buyer in accordance with their respective terms, except as such enforceability may be limited
by general principles of equity or applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium, liquidation and other similar laws
relating to, or affecting generally, the enforcement of applicable creditors' rights and remedies.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(o)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>No
Conflicts</U>. The execution, delivery and performance by such Buyer of this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents to which such
Buyer is a party and the consummation by such Buyer of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby will not (i)&#8239;result in a
violation of the organizational documents of such Buyer or (ii)&#8239;conflict with, or constitute a default (or an event which with notice
or lapse of time or both would become a default) in any respect under, or give to others any rights of termination, amendment, acceleration
or cancellation of, any agreement, indenture or instrument to which such Buyer is a party, or (iii)&#8239;result in a violation of any
law, rule, regulation, order, judgment or decree (including foreign, federal and state securities laws and regulations and applicable
laws of any foreign, federal, and other state laws) applicable to such Buyer or by which any property or asset of such Buyer is bound
or affected, in the case of (ii)&#8239;and (iii), other than such other consents, approvals, filings, licenses, permits or authorizations,
declarations or registrations that, if not obtained, made or given, would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected
to have a Buyer Material Adverse Effect.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(p)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>No
Other Company Representations or Warranties</U>. Such Buyer acknowledges and agrees that neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries
makes or has made any representations or warranties with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby other than those specifically
set forth in Section&#8239;3. In connection with the due diligence investigation of the Company by such Buyer and its representatives,
such Buyer and its representatives have received and may continue to receive from the Company and its representatives certain estimates,
projections, forecasts and other forward-looking information, as well as certain business plan information containing such information,
regarding the Company and its Subsidiaries and their respective businesses and operations. Such Buyer hereby acknowledges that there
are uncertainties inherent in attempting to make such estimates, projections, forecasts and other forward-looking statements, as well
as in such business plans, with which such Buyer is familiar, that such Buyer is making its own evaluation of the adequacy and accuracy
of all estimates, projections, forecasts and other forward-looking information, as well as such business plans, so furnished to such
Buyer (including the reasonableness of the assumptions underlying such estimates, projections, forecasts, forward-looking information
or business plans), and that except for the representations and warranties made by the Company in Section&#8239;3 and in any certificate
or other Transaction Document delivered by the Company in connection with this Agreement, the Company makes no representation or warranty
with respect to (i)&#8239;any matters relating to the Company, its business, financial condition, results of operations, prospects or
otherwise, (ii)&#8239;any projections, estimates or budgets delivered or made available to such Buyer (or any of its officers, directors,
employees or other representatives) of future revenues, results of operations (or any component thereof), cash flows or financial condition
(or any component thereof) of the Company and its Subsidiaries, (iii)&#8239;the future business and operations of the Company and its
Subsidiaries, and such Buyer has not relied on or been induced by such information or any other representations or warranties (whether
express or implied or made orally or in writing) not expressly set forth in Section&#8239;3 or (iv)&#8239;IAA,&#8239;Inc., the Merger Agreement
or the transactions contemplated thereby, and such Buyer will have no claim against the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or any of
their respective representatives, with respect thereto. Such Buyer acknowledges and agrees that, except for the representations and warranties
expressly set forth in Section&#8239;3, (i)&#8239;no person has been authorized by the Company to make any representation or warranty relating
to itself or its business or otherwise in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby, and if made, such representation or warranty
must not be relied upon by such Buyer as having been authorized by the Company, and (ii)&#8239;any estimates, projections, predictions,
data, financial information, memoranda, presentations or any other materials or information provided or addressed to such Buyer or any
of its representatives are not and shall not be deemed to be or include representations or warranties of the Company. As used in this
Agreement, &quot;<B>Merger Agreement</B>&quot; means that certain Agreement and Plan of Merger and Reorganization, dated as of November&#8239;7,
2022, by and among the Company, Ritchie Bros. Holdings,&#8239;Inc., a Washington corporation,&#8239;Impala Merger Sub I, LLC, a Delaware
limited liability company,&#8239;Impala Merger Sub II, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, and IAA,&#8239;Inc., a Delaware corporation,
as amended by the Merger Amendment (as defined below).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">3.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>REPRESENTATIONS
AND WARRANTIES OF THE COMPANY.</U></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The Company represents and
warrants to each of the Buyers that, as of the date hereof and as of the Closing Date, except as (A)&#8239;disclosed in all reports, schedules,
forms, statements and other documents required to be filed and so filed by it with, or furnished by it to, the SEC pursuant to the reporting
requirements of the 1934 Act (all of the foregoing filed or furnished prior to such Closing Date, and all exhibits included therein and
financial statements, notes and schedules thereto and documents incorporated by reference therein being hereinafter referred to as the
 &quot;<B>SEC Documents</B>&quot;) other than any risk factor disclosures in any such SEC Document contained in the &quot;Risk Factors&quot;
section or any forward-looking statements within the meaning of the 1933 Act or the 1934 Act, (it being acknowledged that nothing disclosed
in the SEC Documents shall be deemed to qualify or modify the representations and warranties set forth in Sections 3(b), 3(c), 3(d),
3(e), 3(g), 3(h), 3(i), 3(o), 3(w)-(x)&#8239;or 3(z)-(gg)), (B)&#8239;disclosed in the Company's registration statement on Form&#8239;S-4,
filed with the SEC on December&#8239;14, 2022, regarding the Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby or (C)&#8239;set
forth in the confidential disclosure letter delivered by the Company to the Buyers prior to the execution of this Agreement (the &quot;<B>Company
Disclosure Letter</B>&quot;) (it being understood that any information, item or matter set forth on one section or subsection of the
Company Disclosure Letter shall be deemed disclosure with respect to, and shall be deemed to apply to and qualify, the section or subsection
of this Agreement to which it corresponds in number and each other section or subsection of this Agreement to the extent that it is reasonably
apparent that such information, item or matter is relevant to such other section or subsection):</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Organization
and Qualification</U>. Each of the Company and each of its &quot;<B>Subsidiaries</B>&quot; (which for purposes of this Agreement, means
a &quot;significant subsidiary&quot; as defined in Rule&#8239;1-02(w)&#8239;of Regulation S-X) are entities duly organized and validly
existing and in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction in which they are formed, and have the requisite power and authorization
to own their properties and to carry on their business as now being conducted and as presently proposed to be conducted, except as would
not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. Each of the Company and its Subsidiaries
is duly qualified as a foreign entity to do business and is in good standing in every jurisdiction in which its ownership of property
or the nature of the business conducted by it makes such qualification necessary, except to the extent that the failure to be so qualified
or be in good standing would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. As used
in this Agreement, &quot;<B>Material Adverse Effect</B>&quot; means any change, effect, event, occurrence or development that has a material
adverse effect (i)&#8239;on the business, operations, or financial condition of the Company and the Subsidiaries, taken as a whole, (ii)&#8239;on
the Company's ability to consummate any of the transactions contemplated hereby on a timely basis or (iii)&#8239;on the Company's material
compliance with its obligations under the Transaction Documents, <U>provided</U>, that, with respect to clause (i), none of the following
shall be deemed either alone or in combination to constitute, and none of the following shall be taken into account in determining whether
there has been, a Material Adverse Effect: (A)&#8239;changes in the industry in which the Company or its Subsidiaries operate and/or the
products offered by the industries in which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries operate; (B)&#8239;changes in the general economic
or business conditions within the U.S. or other jurisdictions or any change in prices, availability or quality of raw materials used
in the businesses of the Company or its Subsidiaries; (C)&#8239;general changes in the economy or securities, credit, financial or other
capital markets of the U.S. or any other region outside of the U.S. (including changes generally in prevailing interest rates, currency
exchange rates, credit markets and price levels or trading volumes); (D)&#8239;earthquakes, fires, floods, hurricanes, tornadoes or similar
catastrophes or acts of god or weather conditions, (E)&#8239;political conditions, including acts of terrorism, war, sabotage, national
or international calamity, military action or any other similar event or any change, escalation or worsening thereof after the date hereof;
(F)&#8239;any change in GAAP (as defined in Section&#8239;3(j)) or any adoption, implementation, promulgation, repeal, modification, reinterpretation
or proposal of any rule, regulation, ordinance, order, protocol or any other law of or by any national, regional, state or local governmental
entity, or market administrator; (G)&#8239;the execution of this Agreement or the public disclosure of this Agreement or the transactions
contemplated hereby or any litigation or regulatory actions relating thereto (including the impact thereof on the relationships, contractual
or otherwise, of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries with employees, labor unions, financing sources, customers, suppliers or partners);
(H)&#8239;any failure to meet internal or published projections, estimates, forecasts or revenue or earnings predictions or other measures
of financial or operating performance for any period; (I)&#8239;a decline in the trading price or trading volume of the Common Shares
or any change in the ratings or ratings outlook for the Company or any of its Subsidiaries; <U>provided</U> that the underlying causes
of such decline, change or failure, may be considered in determining whether there was a Material Adverse Effect; (J)&#8239;any epidemic,
pandemic, disease outbreak (including, for the avoidance of doubt, COVID-19) or other health crisis or public health event; or (K)&#8239;any
actions taken, or failure to take any action, in each case, to which the Buyers have or the Lead Investor (acting on behalf of the Buyers)
has expressly given advance written approval or consent, or that are affirmatively required by this Agreement or requested by a Buyer;
<U>provided</U> that a material adverse effect described in any of the foregoing clauses (A)&#8239;through (F)&#8239;may be taken into
account to the extent the Company and its Subsidiaries are disproportionately affected thereby relative to other companies in the industries
in which the Company and its Subsidiaries operate; <U>provided</U>, <U>further</U>, that the foregoing clauses (G)&#8239;and (J)&#8239;shall
not apply to Sections 3(b)-(i), Sections 3(w)-(x)&#8239;and Sections 3(z)-(gg). As used in this Agreement, &quot;<B>knowledge</B>&quot;
means, with respect to the Company, the actual knowledge as of the date hereof of the individuals listed in <U>Schedule 3(a)</U>&#8239;of
the Company Disclosure Letter, in each case, after reasonable inquiry of such person's direct reports. Notwithstanding anything to the
contrary, no person shall have any liability (personal or otherwise) as a result of their status within the definition of &quot;knowledge.&quot;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Authorization;
Enforcement; Validity</U>. The Company has the requisite corporate power and authority to enter into and perform its obligations under
this Agreement, the Articles of Amendment, the Registration Rights Agreement, and the Irrevocable Transfer Agent Instructions (as defined
below), and each of the other agreements entered into (or to be entered into) by the parties hereto in connection with the transactions
contemplated by this Agreement (collectively, the &quot;<B>Transaction Documents</B>&quot;) and to issue the Securities in accordance
with the terms hereof and thereof. The execution and delivery of this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents by the Company and
the consummation by the Company of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby, including, without limitation, the issuance of the
Purchased Shares and the reservation for issuance of the Conversion Shares issuable upon conversion of the Series&#8239;A Preferred Shares,
if any, have been duly authorized by the Board of Directors (the &quot;<B>Board</B>&quot;) and (other than the filing with the SEC of
any Form&#8239;D and one or more Registration Statements (as defined in the Registration Rights Agreement) in accordance with the requirements
of the Registration Rights Agreement and other filings as may be required by Canadian and state securities agencies) no further filing,
consent, or further authorization is required by the Company, the Board or its shareholders. This Agreement and the other Transaction
Documents have been (or will be, upon execution) duly executed and delivered by the Company, and constitute the legal, valid and binding
obligations of the Company, enforceable against the Company in accordance with their respective terms, except as such enforceability
may be limited by general principles of equity or applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium, liquidation or similar
laws relating to, or affecting generally, the enforcement of applicable creditors' rights and remedies. The Articles of Amendment in
the form attached hereto as <U>Exhibit&#8239;A</U> shall be filed on the Business Day prior to the Closing Date with Innovation, Science
and Economic Development Canada and, as of the issuance of the certificate of amendment by Innovation, Science and Economic Development
Canada in respect of the Articles of Amendment, shall be in full force and effect, enforceable against the Company in accordance with
its terms and has not been amended.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Issuance
of Securities</U>. The issuance of the Purchased Shares is duly authorized and, upon issuance in accordance with the terms of the Transaction
Documents, shall be validly issued and free from all preemptive or similar rights, taxes, liens, charges and other encumbrances with
respect to the issue thereof and the Purchased Shares shall be fully paid and nonassessable with the holders of Series&#8239;A Preferred
Shares being entitled to the rights and preferences set forth in the Articles of Amendment and the holders of Common Shares being entitled
to the rights and preferences set forth in the Articles of Amalgamation and By-laws (each, as defined in Section&#8239;3(o)). As of the
date hereof, the maximum number of Common Shares issuable upon conversion of the Series&#8239;A Preferred Shares has been duly authorized
and reserved for issuance. Upon conversion of the Series&#8239;A Preferred Shares in accordance with the Articles of Amendment, the applicable
Conversion Shares will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and free from all preemptive or similar rights, taxes, liens,
charges and other encumbrances with respect to the issue thereof, with the holders being entitled to all rights accorded to a holder
of Common Shares. Assuming in part the accuracy of each of the representations and warranties of the Buyers set forth in Section&#8239;2
of this Agreement, the offer and issuance by the Company of the Securities is exempt from registration under the 1933 Act.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>No
Conflicts</U>. Except as set forth in <U>Schedule 3(d)</U>&#8239;of the Company Disclosure Letter, the execution, delivery and performance
of the Transaction Documents by the Company and the consummation by the Company of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby (including,
without limitation, the reservation of the maximum number of Common Shares issuable upon conversion of the Series&#8239;A Preferred Shares
and the issuance of the Purchased Shares) will not (i)&#8239;result in a violation of the Articles of Amalgamation or By-laws or any memorandum
of association, certificate of incorporation, certificate of formation, bylaws, any certificate of designations, articles of amendments
or other constituent documents of the Company's Subsidiaries or any share capital of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or (ii)&#8239;conflict
with, or constitute a default (or an event which with notice or lapse of time or both would become a default) in any respect under, or
give to others any rights of termination, amendment, acceleration or cancellation of, any agreement, indenture or instrument to which
the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is a party, or (iii)&#8239;result in a violation of any law, rule, regulation, order, judgment
or decree (including foreign, federal and state securities laws and regulations and the rules&#8239;and regulations of the New York Stock
Exchange (the &quot;<B>Principal Market</B>&quot;) and applicable laws of Canada, the rules&#8239;of the Toronto Stock Exchange (the &quot;<B>TSX</B>&quot;)
and any foreign, federal, and other state laws) applicable to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or by which any property or asset
of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is bound or affected, in each case other than such conflicts, defaults, terminations, amendments,
accelerations, cancellations, violations or consents, approvals, filings, licenses, permits or authorizations, declarations or registrations
that, if not obtained, made or given, would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse
Effect.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(e)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Consents</U>.
The Company is not required to obtain any consent, authorization or order of, or make any filing or registration with (other than (i)&#8239;the
filing with the SEC of any Form&#8239;D and one or more Registration Statements in accordance with the requirements of the Registration
Rights Agreement; (ii)&#8239;the filing of a Form&#8239;45-106F1 <I>Report of Exempt Distribution </I>with the applicable Canadian securities
regulators and authorities pursuant to BC Instrument 72-503; (iii)&#8239;the acceptance by the TSX of the offering of the Securities;
(iv)&#8239;other filings as may be required by state securities agencies and (v)&#8239;as set forth in <U>Schedule 3(e)</U>&#8239;of the
Company Disclosure Letter), any court, governmental agency or any regulatory or self-regulatory agency or any other Person in order for
it to execute, deliver or perform any of its obligations under or contemplated by the Transaction Documents, in each case in accordance
with the terms hereof or thereof and other than such other consents, approvals, filings, licenses, permits or authorizations, declarations
or registrations that, if not obtained, made or given, would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a
Material Adverse Effect. All consents, authorizations, orders, filings and registrations which the Company is required to obtain pursuant
to the preceding sentence have been obtained or effected on or prior to the Closing Date, subject to customary listing conditions of
the TSX, (or in the case of the filings detailed above, will be made timely after the Closing Date), and the Company and its Subsidiaries
are unaware of any facts or circumstances that might prevent the Company or any of its Subsidiaries from obtaining or effecting any of
the consent, registration, application or filings pursuant to the preceding sentence. The Company is not in violation of the listing
requirements of the Principal Market and has no knowledge of any facts or circumstances that would reasonably lead to delisting or suspension
of the Common Shares in the foreseeable future, except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have
a Material Adverse Effect. The issuance by the Company of the Securities shall not have the effect of delisting or suspending the Common
Shares from the Principal Market.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(f)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Acknowledgment
Regarding Buyer's Purchase of Securities</U>. The Company acknowledges that no Buyer is acting as a financial advisor or fiduciary of
the Company or any of its Subsidiaries (or in any similar capacity) with respect to the Transaction Documents and the transactions contemplated
hereby and thereby, and any advice given by a Buyer or any of its representatives or agents in connection with the Transaction Documents
and the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby is merely incidental to such Buyer's purchase of the Securities. The Company further
represents to each Buyer that the Company's decision to enter into the Transaction Documents has been based solely on the independent
evaluation by the Company and its representatives, including, without limitation, any placement agent or investment bank retained by
the Company in connection with the sale of the Securities.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(g)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>No
General Solicitation; Placement Agent's Fees</U>. Neither the Company, nor any of its Subsidiaries, nor, to the knowledge of the Company,
any Person acting on its or their behalf, has engaged in any form of general solicitation or general advertising (within the meaning
of Regulation D) in connection with the offer or sale of the Securities. The Company shall be responsible for the payment of any placement
agent's fees, financial advisory fees, or brokers' commissions (other than for Persons engaged by any Buyer or its investment advisor)
relating to or arising out of the transactions contemplated hereby.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(h)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>No
Integrated Offering</U>. None of the Company nor its Subsidiaries, nor, to the knowledge of the Company, any Person acting on its or
their behalf has, directly or indirectly, made any offers or sales of any security or solicited any offers to buy any security, under
circumstances that would require registration of the issuance of any of the Securities under the 1933 Act, whether through integration
with prior offerings or otherwise, or cause this offering of the Securities to require the approval of the shareholders of the Company
for purposes of the 1933 Act or any applicable shareholder approval provisions, including, without limitation, under the rules&#8239;and
regulations of the Principal Market.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(i)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Application
of Takeover Protections; Rights Agreement</U>. The Company and the Board have taken all necessary action, if any, in order to render
inapplicable any control share acquisition, interested shareholder, business combination, poison pill (including, without limitation,
any distribution under a rights agreement (including, without limitation, that certain Amended and Restated Shareholder Rights Plan Agreement
dated as of February&#8239;28, 2019 by and between the Company and Computershare Investor Services Inc., as rights agent) or other similar
anti-takeover provision under the Articles of Amalgamation, By-laws or other organizational documents or the laws of Canada) which is
or could reasonably be expected to become applicable to any Buyer as a result of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, including,
without limitation, the Company's issuance of the Securities and any Buyer's ownership of the Securities.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(j)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>SEC
Documents; Financial Statements; No Undisclosed Liabilities</U>. Since December&#8239;31, 2021, the Company has timely filed or furnished
all the SEC Documents required to be filed or furnished by it with the SEC pursuant to the 1934 Act. As of their respective filing or
furnishing dates, the SEC Documents complied in all material respects with the requirements of the 1934 Act and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
of 2002, as amended (and in both cases, the rules&#8239;and regulations of the SEC promulgated thereunder), in each case, applicable to
the SEC Documents, and none of the SEC Documents, at the time they were filed or furnished with the SEC (or, if amended prior to the
date hereof, the date of the filing or furnishing of such amendment, with respect to the disclosures that are amended), contained any
untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the
statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. As of their respective filing dates,
the financial statements of the Company included in the SEC Documents complied as to form in all material respects with applicable accounting
requirements and the published rules&#8239;and regulations of the SEC with respect thereto as in effect as of the time of filing. Such
financial statements have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles, consistently applied,
during the periods involved (&quot;<B>GAAP</B>&quot;) (except (i)&#8239;as may be otherwise indicated in such financial statements or
the notes thereto, (ii)&#8239;in the case of unaudited interim statements, to the extent they may exclude footnotes or may be condensed
or summary statements or (iii)&#8239;as otherwise permitted by Regulation S-X and the other rules&#8239;and regulations of the SEC) and
fairly present in all material respects the financial position of the Company and its Subsidiaries as of the dates thereof and the results
of its operations and cash flows for the periods then ended (subject, in the case of unaudited statements, to normal year-end audit adjustments).
Except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, neither the Company
nor any of its Subsidiaries has any liabilities of any nature (whether accrued, absolute, contingent or otherwise) that would be required
under GAAP, as in effect on the date hereof, to be reflected on a consolidated balance sheet of the Company (including the notes thereto)
except liabilities (i)&#8239;reflected or reserved against in the balance sheet (or the notes thereto) of the Company and its Subsidiaries
as of September&#8239;30, 2022 (the &quot;<B>Balance Sheet Date</B>&quot;) included in the SEC Documents, (ii)&#8239;incurred after the
Balance Sheet Date in the ordinary course of business, (iii)&#8239;as expressly contemplated by the Transaction Documents or otherwise
incurred in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby, (iv)&#8239;that have been discharged or paid prior to the
date of this Agreement, or (v)&#8239;that have been incurred in the ordinary course, consistent in nature with the Company's past practice
prior to the date hereof.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(k)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Absence
of Certain Changes</U>. Except matters which are disclosed in <U>Schedule 3(k)</U>&#8239;of the Company Disclosure Letter, since the Balance
Sheet Date (a)&#8239;except for the execution and performance of this Agreement and the Merger Agreement and the discussions, negotiations
and transactions related thereto, the business of the Company and its Subsidiaries has been carried on and conducted in all material
respects in the ordinary course of business and (b)&#8239;there has not been any Material Adverse Effect or any event, change or occurrence
that would, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. Neither the Company nor any of
its Subsidiaries has taken any steps to seek protection pursuant to any law or statute relating to bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization,
receivership, liquidation or winding up nor does the Company or any Subsidiary have any knowledge or reason to believe that any of its
respective creditors intend to initiate involuntary bankruptcy proceedings or any actual knowledge of any fact that would reasonably
lead a creditor to do so. The Company and its Subsidiaries, individually and on a consolidated basis, are not as of the date hereof,
and after giving effect to the transactions contemplated hereby to occur at the Closing, will not be Insolvent (as defined below). For
purposes of this Section&#8239;3(k), &quot;<B>Insolvent</B>&quot; means, with respect to any Person, (i)&#8239;the present fair saleable
value of such Person's assets is less than the amount required to pay such Person's total indebtedness, (ii)&#8239;such Person is unable
to pay its debts and liabilities, subordinated, contingent or otherwise, as such debts and liabilities become absolute and matured, (iii)&#8239;such
Person intends to incur or believes that it will incur debts that would be beyond its ability to pay as such debts mature or (iv)&#8239;such
Person has unreasonably small capital with which to conduct the business in which it is engaged as such business is now conducted and
is proposed to be conducted.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(l)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>No
Undisclosed Events, Liabilities, Developments or Circumstances</U>. No event, liability, development or circumstance has occurred or
exists, or is contemplated to occur with respect to the Company, its Subsidiaries or their respective business, properties, prospects,
operations or financial condition, that would be required to be disclosed by the Company under applicable securities laws on a registration
statement on Form&#8239;S-1 filed with the SEC relating to an issuance and sale by the Company of its Common Shares and which has not
been publicly announced, except for the entry by the Company into the Transaction Documents and the amendment to the Merger Agreement,
dated January&#8239;22, 2023 by and among the Company and the other parties party thereto (the &quot;<B>Merger Amendment</B>&quot;), the
proposed payment of the special cash dividend in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, and except as
would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(m)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Conduct
of Business; Regulatory Permits</U>. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is in violation of any term of or in default under
the Articles of Amalgamation or By-laws or their organizational charter or memorandum of association or certificate of incorporation
or articles of association or bylaws, respectively, except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to
have a Material Adverse Effect. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is in violation of any judgment, decree or order or any
statute, ordinance, rule&#8239;or regulation applicable to the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, and neither the Company nor any of
its Subsidiaries will conduct its business in violation of any of the foregoing, except for possible violations which would not, individually
or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. Except as set forth in <U>Schedule 3(m)</U>&#8239;of the
Company Disclosure Letter, during the two (2)&#8239;years prior to the date hereof, the Common Shares have been designated for quotation
on the Principal Market. Except as set forth in <U>Schedule 3(m)</U>&#8239;of the Company Disclosure Letter, during the two (2)&#8239;years
prior to the date hereof, (i)&#8239;trading in the Common Shares have not been suspended by the SEC or the Principal Market and (ii)&#8239;the
Company has received no written communication from the SEC or the Principal Market regarding the suspension or delisting of the Common
Shares from the Principal Market. The Company and its Subsidiaries possess all certificates, authorizations and permits issued by the
appropriate federal, state or foreign regulatory authorities necessary to conduct their respective businesses, except where the failure
to possess such certificates, authorizations or permits would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a
Material Adverse Effect, and to the knowledge of the Company, neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has received any written
notice of proceedings relating to the revocation or modification of any such certificate, authorization or permit.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(n)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Transactions
With Affiliates</U>. Except as set forth on <U>Schedule 3(n)</U>&#8239;of the Company Disclosure Letter, none of the officers or directors
of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is presently a party to any transaction with the Company or any of its Subsidiaries (other
than for ordinary course services as employees, officers or directors), including any contract, agreement or other arrangement providing
for the furnishing of services to or by, providing for rental of real or personal property to or from, or otherwise requiring payments
to or from any such officer or director or, to the knowledge of the Company, any corporation, partnership, trust or other entity in which
any such officer or director has a substantial interest or is an officer, director, employee, trustee or partner, in each case that would
require disclosure in an SEC filing made by the Company (if such filing were being made on the date hereof) pursuant to Item 404 of Regulation
S-K under the 1934 Act.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(o)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Equity
Capitalization</U>. As of the close of business on January&#8239;19, 2023, the authorized share capital of the Company consists of (i)&#8239;an
unlimited number of Common Shares, of which as of the date hereof, 110,884,392 shares are issued and outstanding, 5,389,388 shares are
reserved for issuance pursuant to the Company's stock option and purchase plans and no shares are reserved for issuance pursuant to securities
(other than the aforementioned options and the Series&#8239;A Preferred Shares) exercisable or exchangeable for, or convertible into,
Common Shares, (ii)&#8239;an unlimited number of preferred shares, without par value, designated as Senior Preferred Shares, of which
none of which are issued and outstanding as of the date hereof and (iii)&#8239;an unlimited number of preferred shares, without par value,
designated as Junior Preferred Shares, of which none of which are issued and outstanding as of the date hereof. All of such outstanding
shares have been, or upon issuance will be, validly issued and are fully paid and nonassessable. As of the Closing Date, (i)&#8239;the
Series&#8239;A Preferred Shares shall rank senior to all share capital of the Company and (ii)&#8239;there will be no Pari Passu Shares
or Senior Shares (each as defined in the Articles of Amendment) as of the Closing Date. Except pursuant to the Company's stock option
and purchase plans or other incentive plans and as disclosed in: (i)&#8239;<U>Schedule 3(o)(i)</U>&#8239;of the Company Disclosure Letter,
none of the Company's share capital is subject to preemptive rights or any other similar rights or any liens or encumbrances suffered
or permitted by the Company; (ii)&#8239;<U>Schedule 3(o)(ii)</U>&#8239;of the Company Disclosure Letter, there are no outstanding options,
warrants, scrip, rights to subscribe to, calls or commitments of any character whatsoever relating to, or securities or rights convertible
into, or exercisable or exchangeable for, any shares of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or contracts, commitments, understandings
or arrangements by which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is or may become bound to issue additional shares of the Company or any
of its Subsidiaries or options, warrants, scrip, rights to subscribe to, calls or commitments of any character whatsoever relating to,
or securities or rights convertible into, or exercisable or exchangeable for, any shares of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries; (iii)&#8239;<U>Schedule
3(o)(iii)</U>&#8239;of the Company Disclosure Letter, there are no agreements or arrangements under which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries
is obligated to register the sale of any of their securities under the 1933 Act (except pursuant to the Registration Rights Agreement);
(iv)&#8239;<U>Schedule 3(o)(iv)</U>&#8239;of the Company Disclosure Letter, there are no outstanding securities or instruments of the Company
or any of its Subsidiaries which contain any redemption or similar provisions, and there are no contracts, commitments, understandings
or arrangements by which the Company or any of its Subsidiaries is or may become bound to redeem a security of the Company or any of
its Subsidiaries; (v)&#8239;<U>Schedule 3(o)(v)</U>&#8239;of the Company Disclosure Letter, there are no securities or instruments containing
anti-dilution or similar provisions that will be triggered by the issuance of the Securities; and (vi)&#8239;<U>Schedule 3(o)(vi)</U>&#8239;of
the Company Disclosure Letter, neither the Company nor any Subsidiary has any share appreciation rights or &quot;phantom stock&quot;
plans or agreements or any similar plan or agreement. The Company has furnished or made available to the Buyers or filed with the SEC
true, correct and complete copies of the Company's Articles of Amalgamation, as amended and as in effect on the Closing Date (the &quot;<B>Articles
of Amalgamation</B>&quot;), and the Company's By-laws, as amended and as in effect on the Closing Date (the &quot;<B>By-laws</B>&quot;),
and the terms of all securities convertible into, or exercisable or exchangeable for, Common Shares and the material rights of the holders
thereof in respect thereto.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(p)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Indebtedness
and Other Contracts</U>. Except with respect to the covenants contained in (i)&#8239;Credit Agreement, dated as of October&#8239;17, 2016,
by and among the Company and certain subsidiaries of the Company, as borrowers, certain subsidiaries of the Company as guarantors, Bank
of America, N.A., Royal Bank of Canada and the other lenders party thereto, as amended, restated, amended and restated, supplemented
or otherwise modified and (ii)&#8239;the Indenture, dated as of December&#8239;21, 2016, among the Company, the guarantors party thereto
and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee (collectively, the &quot;<B>Debt Agreements</B>&quot;), the Company is not party to any
material loan or credit agreement, indenture, debenture, note, bond, mortgage, deed of trust, lease, sublease, license, contract or other
agreement, and is not subject to any provision in the Articles of Amalgamation or By-laws that, in each case, by its terms prohibits
or prevents the Company from paying dividends in form and the amounts contemplated by the Articles of Amendment. The Company and its
Subsidiaries are not in material breach of, or default or violation under, the Debt Agreements.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(q)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Absence
of Litigation</U>. The Company has received no written notice of any action, suit, proceeding, inquiry or investigation before or by
the Principal Market, any court, public board, government agency, self-regulatory organization or body pending or, to the knowledge of
the Company, threatened against the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, the Common Shares or any of the Company's or its Subsidiaries'
officers or directors, whether of a civil or criminal nature or otherwise, in their capacities as such, except (i)&#8239;as set forth
in <U>Schedule 3(q)</U>&#8239;of the Company Disclosure Letter, and (ii)&#8239;in each case except as would not, individually or in the
aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(r)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Insurance</U>.
The Company and each of its Subsidiaries are insured by insurers of recognized financial responsibility against such losses and risks
and in such amounts as management of the Company believes to be prudent and customary in the businesses in which the Company and its
Subsidiaries are engaged. Neither the Company nor any such Subsidiary has been refused any material insurance coverage sought or applied
for and neither the Company nor any such Subsidiary has any reason to believe that it will not be able to renew its existing insurance
coverage as and when such coverage expires or to obtain similar coverage from similar insurers as may be necessary to continue its business,
in each case, at a cost that would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(s)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Employee
Relations</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(i)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Neither
the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is a party to any collective bargaining agreement or employs any member of a union. Since the
Balance Sheet Date, except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect,
as of the date hereof, there has been no strike, lockout, slowdown, or work stoppage&#8239;against the Company or any of its Subsidiaries
pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened. Except as set forth in <U>Schedule 3(s)(i)</U>&#8239;of the Company Disclosure
Letter, As of the date hereof, no executive officer (as defined in Rule&#8239;501(f)&#8239;of the 1933 Act) of the Company or any of its
Subsidiaries has notified the Company or any such Subsidiary that such officer will terminate such officer's employment with the Company
or any such Subsidiary.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ii)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The
Company and its Subsidiaries are in compliance with all United States and Canadian federal, provincial, state, local and foreign laws
and regulations respecting labor, employment and employment practices and benefits, terms and conditions of employment and wages and
hours, except where failure to be in compliance would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material
Adverse Effect</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(iii)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Except
as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, and those set forth in <U>Schedule
3(s)(iii)</U>&#8239;of the Company Disclosure Letter, the Company has no knowledge of (a)&#8239;any&#8239;Conduct Violations during the
last five (5)&#8239;years, (b)&#8239;any claims or allegations made in the last five (5)&#8239;years of any Conduct Violations (other than
any which, having been appropriately investigated and have been found to not have been substantiated or material to the Company's and
its Subsidiaries' business, taken as a whole), or (c)&#8239;any settlement agreements entered into by the Company or its Subsidiaries
in the last five (5)&#8239;years related to allegations of Conduct Violations. As used in this Agreement, &quot;<B>Conduct Violations</B>&quot;
means reported complaints made to the Company against any executive officer or director of the Company of (i)&#8239;sexual harassment
or misconduct, (ii)&#8239;racial discrimination or hostility, or (iii)&#8239;material breaches of the Company's Code of Ethics and Business
Conduct, Equal Employment Opportunity Policy or Workplace Harassment Policy.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(t)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Title</U>.
The Company and its Subsidiaries have good and marketable title in fee simple to all real property and good and marketable title to all
personal property owned by them which is material to the business of the Company and its Subsidiaries, in each case free and clear of
all liens, encumbrances and defects except (i)&#8239;encumbrances incurred in connection with the Debt Agreements, and (ii)&#8239;as would
not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. Any real property and facilities held
under lease by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries are held by them under valid, subsisting and enforceable leases except as would
not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(u)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Intellectual
Property Rights</U>. The Company and its Subsidiaries own or possess adequate rights or licenses to use all trademarks, trade names,
service marks, service mark registrations, service names, original works of authorship, patents, patent rights, copyrights, inventions,
licenses, approvals, governmental authorizations, trade secrets and other intellectual property rights and all applications and registrations
therefor (&quot;<B>Intellectual Property Rights</B>&quot;) necessary to conduct their respective businesses as now conducted, except
where failure to own or possess such Intellectual Property Rights would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected
to have a Material Adverse Effect. Except as set forth in <U>Schedule 3(u)</U>&#8239;of the Company Disclosure Letter, none of the Company's
or its Subsidiaries' material Intellectual Property Rights have expired or terminated or have been abandoned. The Company does not have
any knowledge of any infringement by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries of Intellectual Property Rights of others except as would
not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. There is no claim, action or proceeding
being made or brought, or to the knowledge of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, being threatened, against the Company or any of
its Subsidiaries regarding its Intellectual Property Rights except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected
to have a Material Adverse Effect. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries is aware of any facts or circumstances which might
give rise to any of the foregoing infringements or claims, actions or proceedings, except as would not, individually or in the aggregate,
reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. The Company and its Subsidiaries have taken reasonable security measures to
protect the secrecy, confidentiality and value of all of their Intellectual Property Rights, except as would not, individually or in
the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(v)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Environmental
Laws</U>. The Company and its Subsidiaries (i)&#8239;are in compliance with any and all Environmental Laws (as hereinafter defined), (ii)&#8239;have
obtained all permits, licenses or other approvals required of them under applicable Environmental Laws to conduct their respective businesses
and (iii)&#8239;are in compliance with all terms and conditions of any such permit, license or approval, except where, in each of the
foregoing clauses (i), (ii)&#8239;and (iii), the failure to so comply or the failure to obtain such permit, license or approval would,
individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. The term &quot;<B>Environmental Laws</B>&quot;
means all United States and Canadian federal, provincial, state, local or foreign laws relating to human health (to the extent related
to exposure to Hazardous Materials (as hereinafter defined)), pollution or protection of the environment (including, without limitation,
ambient air, surface water, groundwater, land surface or subsurface strata), including, without limitation, laws relating to emissions,
discharges, releases or threatened releases of pollutants, contaminants, or toxic or hazardous substances or wastes (collectively, &quot;<B>Hazardous
Materials</B>&quot;) into the environment, or otherwise relating to the manufacture, processing, distribution, use, treatment, storage,
disposal, transport or handling of Hazardous Materials, as well as all codes, decrees, injunctions, judgments, orders, or regulations
issued, entered, promulgated or approved thereunder.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(w)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Investment
Company Status</U>. Neither the Company nor any Subsidiary is an &quot;investment company,&quot; and, to the Company's knowledge, neither
the Company nor any Subsidiary is a company controlled by an &quot;investment company&quot; or an &quot;affiliated person&quot; of, or
 &quot;promoter&quot; or &quot;principal underwriter&quot; for, an &quot;investment company&quot; as such terms are defined in the Investment
Company Act of 1940, as amended.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(x)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Tax
Status</U>. Except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, and as set
forth in <U>Schedule 3(x)</U>&#8239;of the Company Disclosure Letter, the Company and each Subsidiary of the Company (i)&#8239;has timely
and properly made or filed all U.S. federal, state and foreign tax returns, reports and declarations (including, without limitation,
any information returns and any required schedules or attachments thereto) required to be filed by any jurisdiction to which it is subject,
(ii)&#8239;has timely paid all taxes and other governmental assessments and charges, except those being contested in good faith by appropriate
proceedings and for which adequate reserves have been established, and (iii)&#8239;has set aside on its books provision reasonably adequate
for the payment of all taxes for periods subsequent to the periods to which such returns, reports or declarations apply. The Company
has not in any tax year since January&#8239;1, 2018 been a &quot;passive foreign investment company&quot; within the meaning of Section&#8239;1297
of the Internal Revenue Code or a &quot;controlled foreign corporation&quot; within the meaning of Section&#8239;957 of the Internal Revenue
Code. Except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, no assessments
or reassessments of the taxes of the Company are currently the subject of an objection or appeal, no audit by any governmental authority
of the Company is currently ongoing and there are no outstanding issues which have been raised and communicated to the Company by any
governmental authority.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(y)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Internal
Accounting and Disclosure Controls</U>. The Company has established and maintains disclosure controls and procedures and a system of
internal controls over financial reporting (as such terms are defined in paragraphs (e)&#8239;and (f), respectively, of Rule&#8239;13a-15
under the 1934 Act) in accordance with Rule&#8239;13a-15 under the 1934 Act in all material respects. During the twelve (12) months prior
to the date hereof, neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has identified or been made aware of &quot;significant deficiencies&quot;
or &quot;material weaknesses&quot; (as defined by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board) in the design or operation of the Company's
internal controls over and procedures relating to financial reporting which would reasonably be expected to adversely affect in any material
respect the Company's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial data, in each case which has not been subsequently remediated.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(z)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Eligibility
for Registration</U>. As of the date hereof, the Company is eligible to register the Common Shares and the Conversion Shares for resale
by the Buyers using Form&#8239;S-3 promulgated under the 1933 Act.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(aa)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Shell
Company Status</U>. The Company is not, and has never been, an issuer identified in, or subject to, Rule&#8239;144(i)(1)&#8239;of the 1933
Act.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(bb)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Compliance
with Anti-Money Laundering Laws</U>. The operations of the Company and its Subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in compliance
with all applicable U.S. and non-U.S. anti-money laundering laws, rules&#8239;and regulations, including, but not limited to, the Currency
and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970, as amended, the United States Bank Secrecy&#8239;Act, as amended by the USA PATRIOT Act
of 2001, and the United States Money Laundering Control Act of 1986 (18 U.S.C. &sect;&sect;1956 and 1957), and the implementing rules&#8239;and
regulations promulgated thereunder (collectively, the&#8239;&quot;<B>Anti-Money Laundering Laws</B>&quot;) except where failure to be
in compliance would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(cc)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>No
Conflicts with Sanctions Laws</U>. Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries, nor to the Company's knowledge, any director, officer,
employee, agent or affiliate thereof is, or is directly or indirectly owned 50% or more by, a Person that is currently the subject or
the target of any economic sanctions administered or enforced by the U.S. government (including, without limitation, the Office of Foreign
Assets Control of the U.S. Department of the Treasury (&quot;<B>OFAC</B>&quot;) or the U.S. Departments of State or Commerce and including,
without limitation, the designation as a &quot;Specially Designated National&quot;), or by the United Nations Security Council, the European
Union, His Majesty's Treasury or any other applicable sanctions authority (collectively, &quot;<B>Sanctions Laws</B>&quot;); neither
the Company, any of its Subsidiaries, nor, to the Company's knowledge, any director, officer, employee, agent, or affiliate thereof,
is organized or resident in a country or territory that is the subject or target of comprehensive country-wide Sanctions Laws (as of
the Closing Date, the Crimea, Donetsk, and Luhansk regions of the Ukraine, Cuba,&#8239;Iran, North Korea, and Syria); the Company maintains
in effect and enforces policies and procedures designed to ensure compliance by the Company and its Subsidiaries with applicable Sanctions
Laws; neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries or affiliates will use the proceeds of the convertible securities or lend, contribute
or otherwise make available such proceeds to finance or facilitate any activity in violation of any applicable Sanctions Law.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(dd)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Anti-Bribery</U>.
Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries, nor, to the Company's knowledge, any director, officer, employee, or agent thereof,
in each case acting in their capacity as such, has, within the last five (5)&#8239;years, either directly or indirectly through any third
party, (i)&#8239;made, promised, offered or authorized any unlawful payment or gift to or for the benefit of any foreign or domestic government
official or employee, political party or candidate for political office; (ii)&#8239;violated or is in violation of the U.S. Foreign Corrupt
Practices Act of 1977, as amended (&quot;<B>FCPA</B>&quot;), the U.K. Bribery Act 2010, or any other anti-bribery or anti-corruption
law of any other jurisdiction in which the Company operates its business, including, in each case, the rules&#8239;and regulations thereunder
(the &quot;<B>Anti-Bribery Laws</B>&quot;), or (iii)&#8239;otherwise made any unlawful bribe, payoff, influence payment, or kickback in
violation of Anti-Bribery Laws; the Company and each of its respective Subsidiaries has instituted and has maintained, and will continue
to maintain, policies and procedures reasonably designed to promote and achieve material compliance with the Anti-Bribery Laws; neither
the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries will, directly or indirectly, use the proceeds of the Securities or lend, contribute or otherwise
make available such proceeds to finance or facilitate any activity that would violate any Anti-Bribery Law.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ee)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Investigations
and Proceedings</U>. No action, suit, investigation, or proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body or
involving the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or any of their respective directors, officers, employees or agents, in each case acting
in their capacity as such, with respect to the Anti-Money Laundering Laws, the Sanctions Laws, or the Anti-Bribery Laws is pending or,
to the knowledge of the Company, threatened.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ff)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>[Reserved]</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(gg)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>No
Other Buyer Representations and Warranties</U>. The Company acknowledges and agrees that no Buyer makes or has made any representations
or warranties with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby other than those specifically set forth in Sections&#8239;2 and 4(f).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">4.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>COVENANTS.</U></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Reasonable
Best Efforts</U>. Each party shall use its reasonable best efforts to timely satisfy each of the covenants and the conditions to be satisfied
by it as provided in Sections 6 and 7 of this Agreement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>[Reserved]</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Reporting
Status</U>. Until the date on which the Buyers (as defined in the Registration Rights Agreement) shall have sold all of the Registrable
Securities and none of the Series&#8239;A Preferred Shares are outstanding (the &quot;<B>Reporting Period</B>&quot;), the Company shall
use commercially reasonable efforts to timely file all reports required to be filed with the SEC pursuant to the 1934 Act, and the Company
shall use commercially reasonable efforts to maintain its status as an issuer required to file reports under the 1934 Act even if the
1934 Act or the rules&#8239;and regulations thereunder would no longer require or otherwise permit such termination, and the Company shall
use commercially reasonable efforts to maintain its eligibility to register the Common Shares and the Conversion Shares for resale by
the Investors (as defined in the Registration Rights Agreement) on Form&#8239;S-3.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">[Reserved].</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(e)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Financial
Information</U>. The Company agrees to send the following to each Buyer during the Reporting Period (i)&#8239;unless the following are
filed with the SEC through EDGAR and are available to the public through the EDGAR system, within three (3)&#8239;Business Days after
the filing thereof with the SEC, a copy of its Annual Reports on Form&#8239;10-K, any Quarterly Reports on Form&#8239;10-Q, any Current
Reports on Form&#8239;8-K (or any analogous reports under the 1934 Act) and any registration statements (other than on Form&#8239;S-8)
or amendments filed pursuant to the 1933 Act, (ii)&#8239;within one (1)&#8239;Business Day after the release thereof, facsimile or e-mailed
copies of all press releases issued by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries (except to the extent the same are (x)&#8239;filed or furnished
to the SEC and available as described below; or (y)&#8239;otherwise widely disseminated via a national news wire or similar service),
and (iii)&#8239;copies of any notices and other information made available or given to the shareholders of the Company generally, contemporaneously
with the making available or giving thereof to the shareholders. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company shall not be obligated to
send or deliver any of the foregoing to the Buyers to the extent any of them are filed, furnished or otherwise made publicly available
on the Company's website or the SEC's EDGAR (or any similar) electronic filing system. As used herein, &quot;<B>Business Day</B>&quot;
means any day other than Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial banks in The City of New York, New York and Toronto, Ontario
are authorized or required by law to remain closed; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, for clarification, commercial banks shall not be
deemed to be authorized or required by law to remain closed due to &quot;stay at home&quot;, &quot;shelter-in-place&quot;, &quot;non-essential
employee&quot; or any other similar orders or restrictions or the closure of any physical branch locations at the direction of any governmental
authority so long as the electronic funds transfer systems (including for wire transfers) of commercial banks in The City of New York,
New York and Toronto, Ontario generally are open for use by customers on such day.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(f)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Fees</U>.
The Company shall reimburse each Buyer or its designee(s)&#8239;for all reasonable and documented costs and expenses incurred in connection
with the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents (including all legal fees and disbursements in connection therewith,
documentation and implementation of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents and due diligence), up to a maximum of
an aggregate of $500,000 (the &quot;<B>Transaction Fees</B>&quot;), and fifty percent (50%) of any fees payable by such Buyer or any
of its designees with respect to any necessary filings, approvals and/or clearances under the HSR Act in connection therewith (the &quot;<B>HSR
Fees</B>&quot;) for all Buyers collectively, which aggregate amount of Transaction Fees and HSR Fees may be set-off, dollar for dollar,
by the Buyers against the equivalent amount of the Buyers' aggregate Purchase Price for any Purchased Shares purchased at the Closing
to the extent not previously reimbursed by the Company; provided, however, that in the event the transactions contemplated by the Transaction
Documents are not consummated and this Agreement is terminated in accordance with Section&#8239;8, then the Company shall remain obligated
to reimburse each Buyer or its designee(s)&#8239;for the Transaction Fees and one hundred percent (100%) of the HSR Fees paid by the Buyers.
Subject to Section&#8239;5 of the Registration Rights Agreement, the Company shall be responsible for the payment of any placement agent's
fees or commissions, financial advisory fees, or broker's commissions (other than for Persons engaged by any Buyer) relating to or arising
out of the transactions contemplated hereby. Notwithstanding the foregoing, for the avoidance of doubt, the Company shall not have any
obligation under this Section&#8239;4(f)&#8239;in respect of taxes imposed on or with respect to any Indemnitee (as defined below) by any
jurisdiction by reason of any present or former connection by such Indemnitee with such jurisdiction or amounts that are treated as paid
to such Indemnitee pursuant to Section&#8239;4(t). Except as otherwise set forth in this Agreement and the other Transaction Documents,
each party to this Agreement shall bear its own expenses in connection with the sale of the Securities to the Buyers. As used herein,
 &quot;<B>HSR Act</B>&quot; means the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, as amended, and the rules&#8239;and regulations
promulgated thereunder, and any successor to such statute, rules&#8239;or regulations.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(g)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Transfer
or Resale; Pledge of Securities</U>. Subject to the conditions set forth in Section&#8239;5(a)&#8239;and Section&#8239;9, no Buyer shall
offer for sale, sell, assign or transfer the Securities unless (A)&#8239;registered under the 1933 Act, (B)&#8239;such sale, assignment
or transfer is made to the Company, (C)&#8239;such Buyer shall have delivered to the Company an opinion of counsel, in a form reasonably
acceptable to the Company, to the effect that such Securities to be sold, assigned or transferred may be sold, assigned or transferred
pursuant to (i)&#8239;Regulation S promulgated under the 1933 Act; or (ii)&#8239;another valid exemption from registration under the 1933
Act or the rules&#8239;and regulations of the SEC thereunder, or (D)&#8239;such Securities can be sold, assigned or transferred pursuant
to Rule&#8239;144 promulgated under the 1933 Act (&quot;<B>Rule&#8239;144</B>&quot;). Notwithstanding the foregoing, unless permitted under
applicable Canadian securities laws, no Buyer shall offer for sale, sell, assign or transfer the Securities in Canada unless a period
of four months and one day from the Closing Date has passed, pursuant to NI 45-102. Subject to the conditions set forth in <U>Section&#8239;5(a</U>),
the Company acknowledges and agrees that the Securities may be pledged by an Investor in connection with a bona fide margin agreement
or other loan or financing arrangement that is secured by the Securities and the pledge of Securities shall not be deemed to be a transfer,
sale or assignment of the Securities hereunder; <U>provided</U>, that such Investor, so long as the Starboard Appointee (as defined below)
or any other employee of such Investor serves on the Board, (i)&#8239;provides prompt written notice to the Company if any event of default
pursuant to any such bona fide margin agreement or other loan or financing arrangement results in any pledgee exercising its right to
foreclose on such collateral, (ii)&#8239;agrees with the pledgee in writing at the time of or prior to such pledge that the Company will
be entitled to repurchase any Series&#8239;A Preferred Shares so pledged before or after any foreclosure by the pledgee for the applicable
Company Redemption Price (as defined in the Articles of Amendment) and (iii)&#8239;agrees with the pledgee in writing at the time of or
prior to such pledge that, in the event of foreclosure, such pledgee will not be entitled to exercise any rights of Starboard set forth
in <U>Section&#8239;9</U>; <U>provided</U>, <U>further,</U> that an Investor and its pledgee shall be required to comply with the provisions
of Section&#8239;2(j)&#8239;hereof in order to effect a sale, transfer or assignment of Securities to such pledgee.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(h)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Disclosure
of Transactions and Other Material Information</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(i)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The
Company shall (i)&#8239;on or prior to 8:00 a.m., New York City time, on the first (1<SUP>st</SUP>) Business Day after the date hereof
issue a press release describing the terms of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents and (ii)&#8239;on or prior to
5:30 p.m., New York City time, no later than the fourth (4<SUP>th</SUP>) Business Day after the date hereof, file a Current Report on
Form&#8239;8-K attaching this Agreement and the Articles of Amendment and the Registration Rights Agreement as exhibits to such filing
(which shall not include schedules or exhibits not customarily filed with the SEC), describing the terms of the transactions contemplated
by the Transaction Documents in the form required by the 1934 Act, and, in each case, shall give the Lead Investor the opportunity to
review and comment on such press release and Current Report on Form&#8239;8-K. The Company shall use its commercially reasonably efforts
to not, and to cause each of its Subsidiaries and its and each of their respective officers, directors, affiliates, employees and agents,
not to, provide any Buyer that at the applicable time of determination does not have an affiliate who serves on the Board, with any material,
non-public information regarding the Company or any of its Subsidiaries from and after the Closing Date without the express prior written
consent of such Buyer or as otherwise contemplated by the Transaction Documents, other than information that will be included in the
Disclosure Document (as defined below) if not previously disclosed by the Company prior to the Disclosure Time (as defined below) as
to which the Buyers consent to receipt thereof. For the avoidance of doubt, the Company shall not, and shall cause each of its Subsidiaries
and its and each of their respective officers, directors, affiliates, employees and agents, not to, provide any Buyer with any earnings
information that constitutes material, non-public information pursuant to the immediately preceding sentence without the express written
consent of such Buyer. To the extent that the Company delivers any material, non-public information to a Buyer without such Buyer's consent
at a time when such Buyer does not have an affiliate who serves on the Board, the Company hereby covenants and agrees that, unless otherwise
expressly agreed between such Buyer and the Company, such Buyer shall not have any duty of confidentiality to the Company, any of its
Subsidiaries, or any of their respective, officers, directors, affiliates, employees or agents with respect to, or a duty to the Company,
any of its Subsidiaries, or any of their respective, officers, directors, affiliates, employees or agents not to trade on the basis of,
such material, non-public information. The Company understands and confirms that each of such Buyers will rely (in their own discretion)
on the foregoing in effecting transactions in securities of the Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ii)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">If
(a)&#8239;the Merger Agreement is terminated in accordance with its terms or (b)&#8239;as of the closing of the transactions contemplated
by the Merger Agreement, the Starboard Appointee has not been appointed to the Board in accordance with Section&#8239;9 of this Agreement,
then the Company shall on or prior to 8:00 a.m., New York City time, on the first (1<SUP>st</SUP>) Business Day immediately following
the later of (x)&#8239;the consummation of the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement or, if earlier, the termination of the
Merger Agreement and, in either case, the filing of a Current Report on Form&#8239;8-K by the Company with respect thereto, which the
Company shall file within one (1)&#8239;Business Day of such consummation or termination, and (y)&#8239;the issuance by the Company of
its quarterly earnings release with respect to the fourth quarter of 2022 (the &quot;<B>Disclosure Time</B>&quot;), issue a press release
or file a Current Report on Form&#8239;8-K (the &quot;<B>Disclosure Document</B>&quot;) disclosing, to the extent not already disclosed,
all confidential information communicated by the Company to any Buyer or its affiliates in connection with the transactions contemplated
hereby and by the Merger Agreement to the extent such confidential information constitutes material, non-public information as determined
by the Company in its sole discretion. Immediately following the issuance or filing, as applicable, of the Disclosure Document, no Buyer
nor any of its affiliates shall be in possession of any material, non-public information received from or on behalf of the Company, any
of its subsidiaries or any of their respective officers, directors, affiliates, employees or agents, that is not disclosed in such Disclosure
Document. For the avoidance of doubt, the Company shall not be required to issue or file a Disclosure Document if the Starboard Appointee
is appointed to the Board. In addition, from and after the earlier of (i)&#8239;the Disclosure Time and (ii)&#8239;the issuance or filing,
as applicable, of the Disclosure Document, the Company acknowledges and agrees that no Buyer and no affiliate or Representative of any
Buyer (as defined in that certain Mutual Nondisclosure Agreement, dated as of January&#8239;14, 2023, by and between the Company and Starboard
Value LP (the &quot;<B>Confidentiality Agreement</B>&quot;)) shall owe the Company or any of its Representatives any duty that would
restrict such Buyer or any of its affiliates or Representatives from purchasing, selling or otherwise trading securities of the Company
in compliance with applicable securities laws. The Company shall use its commercially reasonably efforts to not, and shall cause each
of its Subsidiaries and each of their respective officers, directors, employees, affiliates and agents, not to, provide any Buyer with
any material, non-public information regarding the Company or its Subsidiaries from and after the Disclosure Time without the express
prior written consent of such Buyer. To the extent that the Company delivers any material, non-public information to a Buyer without
such Buyer's consent, the Company hereby covenants and agrees that such Buyer shall not have any duty of confidentiality to the Company,
its Subsidiaries or any of their respective officers, directors, employees, affiliates or agents with respect to, or a duty to the Company,
its Subsidiaries or any of their respective officers, directors, employees, affiliates or agents not to trade on the basis of, such material,
non-public information. To the extent the terms herein conflict with the terms of the Confidentiality Agreement, the terms of this Agreement
shall control.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(i)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Additional
Series&#8239;A Preferred Shares</U>. So long as any Buyer beneficially owns any Series&#8239;A Preferred Shares, without the prior written
consent of the Required Holders (as defined in Section&#8239;10(e)), the Company will not issue any Series&#8239;A Preferred Shares other
than as contemplated by the Transaction Documents.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(j)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Additional
Issuances of Securities</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(i)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">For
purposes of this Section&#8239;4(j), the following definitions shall apply.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Approved
Stock Plan</B>&quot; means any employee stock option plan, management incentive plan, restricted stock plan, stock purchase plan or stock
ownership plan, retirement plan or any similar compensation or benefit plan, program or agreement which has been approved by the Board
or the Compensation Committee of the Board, pursuant to which the Company's securities may be issued to any employee, officer, director
or other agents for services provided to the Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Common
Share Equivalents</B>&quot; means, collectively, Options and Convertible Securities.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Convertible
Securities</B>&quot; means any stock or securities (other than Options) convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Shares.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(4)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Excluded
Securities</B>&quot; means any: (i)&#8239;Common Shares and Common Share Equivalents issued or issuable (including upon the exercise of
Options) (A)&#8239;under any Approved Stock Plan; (B)&#8239;pursuant to the terms of the Articles of Amendment; (C)&#8239;upon conversion
or exercise of any Options or Convertible Securities which are outstanding on the day immediately preceding the date hereof; (D)&#8239;pursuant
to acquisitions or strategic transactions (including, for the avoidance of doubt, whether structured as a merger, consolidation, asset
or stock purchase, or other similar transaction); or (E)&#8239;in connection with the Merger Agreement; (ii)&#8239;securities of a Subsidiary
of the Company issued to the Company or a Subsidiary of the Company; (iii)&#8239;securities of a joint venture (provided that no affiliate
(other than any Subsidiary) of the Company acquires any interest in such securities in connection with such issuance) or issued in a
strategic partnership or commercial arrangement; (iv)&#8239;securities issued in connection with any &quot;business combination&quot;
(as defined in the rules&#8239;and regulations promulgated by the SEC) or otherwise in connection with bona fide acquisitions of securities
or substantially all of the assets of another Person, business unit, division or business; provided, that the foregoing clauses (i)(D),
(iii)&#8239;and (iv)&#8239;shall not include a transaction in which the Company or applicable joint venture, as applicable, is issuing
securities for the purpose of raising capital or to an entity whose primary business is investing in securities; (v)&#8239;any securities
of the Company issued in an underwritten public offering (whether registered under the 1933 Act or in a transaction exempt from the registration
requirements of the 1933 Act (including a marketed &quot;Rule&#8239;144A&quot; offering of securities to accredited investors through
one or more initial purchasers and hedging activities related thereto)); and (vi)&#8239;any securities of the Company issued in a stock
split, stock combination, stock dividend, distribution or recapitalization.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(5)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Options</B>&quot;
means any rights, warrants or options to subscribe for or purchase Common Shares or Convertible Securities.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(6)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Subsequent
Placement</B>&quot; means the issuance, sale, grant of any option to purchase, exchange or other disposition by the Company in a private
placement not involving a registration statement of any of the Company's or its Subsidiaries' equity or equity-linked securities, including
any debt, preferred shares or other instrument or security that is, at any time during its life and under any circumstances, convertible
into or exchangeable or exercisable for Common Shares or Common Share Equivalents, for the primary purpose of raising capital.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ii)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">So
long as a Resignation Event (as defined below) has not occurred, the Company will not, directly or indirectly, effect any Subsequent
Placement unless the Company shall have first complied with this Section&#8239;4(j)(ii). Each Buyer may assign all or any portion of its
right of participation set forth in this Section&#8239;4(j)&#8239;to one or more of its affiliates in accordance with Section&#8239;10(g).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The
Company shall deliver to each Buyer a written notice (the &quot;<B>Offer Notice</B>&quot;) of any proposed or intended Subsequent Placement
(the &quot;<B>Offer</B>&quot;), which Offer Notice shall (A)&#8239;identify and describe the material terms and provisions of the securities
being offered (the &quot;<B>Offered Securities</B>&quot;), (B)&#8239;describe the price and other material terms upon which they are to
be issued, sold or exchanged, and the number or amount of the Offered Securities proposed to be issued, sold or exchanged (for the avoidance
of doubt, such price and/or number or amount of the Offered Securities may be a formula or a reasonable range), and (C)&#8239;offer to
issue and sell to or exchange with such Buyers (or at such Buyer's discretion, any of such Buyer's affiliates) a portion of the Offered
Securities equal to fifteen percent (15%) of the Offered Securities multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of
Series&#8239;A Preferred Shares held by the Buyers and any of their affiliates on the date that the Company delivers the applicable Offer
Notice and the denominator of which is the aggregate number of all Series&#8239;A Preferred Shares acquired by the Buyers on the Closing
Date, allocated among such Buyers (or their affiliates) at such Buyers' discretion (the &quot;<B>Basic Amount</B>&quot;).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">To
accept an Offer, in whole or in part, such Buyer (or its affiliates) must deliver a written notice to the Company prior to the end of
the fifth (5<SUP>th</SUP>) Business Day after such Buyer's receipt of the Offer Notice (or such shorter period if the Offer Notice was
sent in less than five (5)&#8239;Business Days prior to the proposed issuance date, but in no event less than two (2)&#8239;Business Days)
(the &quot;<B>Offer Period</B>&quot;), setting forth the portion of such Buyer's portion of the Basic Amount that such Buyer elects to
purchase (the &quot;<B>Notice of Acceptance</B>&quot;). If the Company offers two (2)&#8239;or more securities in units to the other participants
in the Subsequent Placement, the participating Buyers must purchase such units as a whole and will not be given the opportunity to purchase
only one of the securities making up such unit. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, if the Company desires to
modify or amend the terms and conditions of the Offer prior to the expiration of the Offer Period, the Company may deliver to the Buyers
a new Offer Notice and the Offer Period shall expire on the third (3<SUP>rd</SUP>) Business Day after such Buyer's receipt of such new
Offer Notice.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">To
the extent the issuance of any securities to the Buyers pursuant to the provisions of this Section&#8239;4(j)&#8239;would result in a Shareholder
Approval Requirement (as defined below), the Buyer may elect to purchase up to an amount of such securities that would not cause the
Shareholder Approval Requirement. If the Company believes the issuance of such securities to the Buyer would result in a Shareholder
Approval Requirement, the Company shall notify the Buyer reasonably in advance of undertaking such issuance, and the Company will consider
in good faith any proposed revisions made by the Buyer to the terms of the proposed transaction that (i)&#8239;would only be applicable
to the Buyer, (ii)&#8239;would not result in the Company needing to obtain shareholder approval as a result of the issuance of the securities
to the Buyer and (iii)&#8239;are not, in the aggregate, materially adverse to the terms of the Subsequent Placement. The term &quot;Shareholder
Approval Requirement&quot; means (i)&#8239;the issuance of such securities would require shareholder approval under the listing requirements
of the NYSE or the TSX or any other securities exchange upon which the Common Shares are then listed solely as a result of the issuance
of the securities to the Buyer in such transaction and (ii)&#8239;the Company would not be required to seek any shareholder approval in
connection with the transaction but for issuance of such securities to the Buyer.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(4)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Simultaneously
with the closing of the Subsequent Placement giving rise to the Buyers' participation right, the Buyers shall acquire from the Company,
and the Company shall issue to the Buyers, the number or amount of Offered Securities specified in the Notices of Acceptance upon the
terms and conditions specified in the Offer Notice; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that the closing of any purchase by any participating
Buyer may be extended beyond the closing of the sale of the Offered Securities giving rise to such preemptive right to the extent reasonably
necessary to (i)&#8239;obtain required approvals from any governmental authority or (ii)&#8239;permit the participating Buyer to receive
proceeds from calling capital pursuant to commitments made by its (or its affiliated investment funds') limited partners, in which case
such closing shall occur on the second (2<SUP>nd</SUP>) Business Day after receipt of such required approvals or expiration of mandatory
capital call notice periods under the applicable fund organizational documents. If the Buyer elects to purchase any securities pursuant
to this Section&#8239;4(j), the Buyer, at its expense, shall make any filings required in connection with such participation under antitrust
or other applicable law promptly following the delivery to the Company of the corresponding Notice of Acceptance and shall use reasonable
efforts to obtain applicable antitrust clearance and/or approval under antitrust or other applicable laws.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(5)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The
Company shall have sixty (60) calendar days from the expiration of the Offer Period above (A)&#8239;to offer, issue, sell or exchange
all or any part of such Offered Securities as to which a Notice of Acceptance has not been given by the Buyers pursuant to a definitive
agreement (the &quot;<B>Subsequent Placement Agreement</B>&quot;) but only upon terms and conditions (including, without limitation,
unit prices and interest rates) that are not more favorable to the acquiring Person or Persons or less favorable to the Company than
those set forth in the Offer Notice and (B)&#8239;to publicly announce (I)&#8239;the execution of such Subsequent Placement Agreement,
and (II)&#8239;either (x)&#8239;the consummation of the transactions contemplated by such Subsequent Placement Agreement or (y)&#8239;the
termination of such Subsequent Placement Agreement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(6)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Any
Offered Securities not acquired by the Buyers or other persons in accordance with Section&#8239;4(j)(ii)(3)&#8239;and (4)&#8239;above may
not be issued, sold or exchanged after the expiration of the sixty (60) calendar day period described in Section&#8239;4(j)(ii)(4)&#8239;above
until they are again offered to the Buyers under the procedures specified in this Section&#8239;4(j)(ii).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(iii)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Notwithstanding
anything in this Agreement to the contrary, (i)&#8239;the restrictions contained in this Section&#8239;4(j)&#8239;shall not apply in connection
with the issuance of any securities in a transaction that is not a Subsequent Placement, including any Excluded Securities, and (ii)&#8239;any
obligation of the Company and a Buyer to participate in any Subsequent Placement and/or enter into a Subsequent Placement Agreement shall
in all cases be conditioned on applicable antitrust clearance or approval under antitrust or other applicable law and compliance with
the rules&#8239;and regulations of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(k)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Conduct
of Business</U>. The business of the Company and its Subsidiaries shall not be conducted in violation of any law, ordinance or regulation
of any governmental entity, including, without limitation, FCPA and other applicable Anti-Bribery Laws, OFAC regulations and other applicable
Sanctions Laws, and Anti-Money Laundering Laws, except where such violations would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably
be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(l)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>U.S.
Legends</U>. The share certificates representing the Series&#8239;A Preferred Shares and the book-entry accounts maintained by the Company's
transfer agent representing the Purchased Common Shares and the Conversion Shares, except as set forth below, shall bear a restrictive
legend in substantially the following form (and a stop-transfer order may be placed against transfer of such Securities bearing such
legend):</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 1in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>[</B></FONT>NEITHER
THE ISSUANCE AND SALE OF THESE SECURITIES NOR THE SECURITIES INTO WHICH THESE SECURITIES ARE CONVERTIBLE HAVE BEEN<B>][</B>THESE SECURITIES
HAVE NOT BEEN<B>]</B> REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, OR APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES LAWS. THE SECURITIES MAY&#8239;NOT
BE OFFERED FOR SALE, SOLD, TRANSFERRED OR ASSIGNED (I)&#8239;IN THE ABSENCE OF (A)&#8239;AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION STATEMENT FOR THE SECURITIES
UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, OR (B)&#8239;AN OPINION OF COUNSEL SELECTED BY THE HOLDER AND REASONABLY ACCEPTABLE TO THE
COMPANY,&#8239;IN A FORM&#8239;REASONABLY ACCEPTABLE TO THE COMPANY, THAT REGISTRATION IS NOT REQUIRED UNDER SAID ACT OR (II)&#8239;UNLESS
SOLD PURSUANT TO RULE 144 OR RULE 144A UNDER SAID ACT AND THE SELLER PROVIDES REASONABLE ASSURANCE THAT THE SECURITIES CAN BE SOLD PURSUANT
TO SUCH RULE. THE SECURITIES ARE FURTHER SUBJECT TO THE RESTRICTIONS SET FORTH IN SECTION&#8239;5 OF THE SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT,
DATED <FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">January</FONT>&#8239;22, 2023, BY AND AMONG THE COMPANY AND THE INVESTORS LISTED ON THE
SCHEDULE OF BUYERS ATTACHED THERETO (THE &quot;SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT&quot;). [NOTWITHSTANDING THE FOREGOING, BUT SUBJECT TO SECTION&#8239;4(G)&#8239;OF
THE SECURITIES PURCHASE AGREEMENT, THE SECURITIES MAY&#8239;BE PLEDGED IN CONNECTION WITH A BONA FIDE MARGIN ACCOUNT OR OTHER LOAN OR
FINANCING ARRANGEMENT SECURED BY THE SECURITIES.]</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
legend set forth above shall be removed and the Company shall issue to the holder of such Securities by electronic delivery at, </FONT>(x)&#8239;if
eligible and requested by the holder, the applicable balance account at The Depository Trust Company, or (y)&#8239;on the books of the
Company or its transfer agent, if in the case of each of (x)&#8239;and (y)&#8239;(i)&#8239;such Securities are sold or otherwise transferred
pursuant to an effective registration statement under the 1933 Act and in accordance with the plan of distribution contained therein,
or (ii)&#8239;in connection with a sale, assignment or other transfer, such holder provides the Company with an opinion of counsel reasonably
acceptable to the Company, to the effect that such sale, assignment or transfer of the Securities may be made without registration under
the requirements of applicable securities laws, including the 1933 Act. The Company shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to
cause its transfer agent to remove the legend set forth above in connection with such sale, assignment or other transfer within two (2)&#8239;trading
days of the date on which it receives a request from such holder to remove such legend, provided that the Company, its transfer agent
and such counsel shall have received a letter of representations in customary form from such holder.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(m)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Canadian
Legends</U>. (i)&#8239;The book-entry accounts maintained by the Company's transfer agent representing the Purchased Common Shares and
the Conversion Shares, except as set forth below, shall bear restrictive legends in substantially the following form (and a stop-transfer
order may be placed against transfer of such Securities bearing such legends):</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 1in; text-align: justify">&quot;UNLESS PERMITTED UNDER
APPLICABLE CANADIAN SECURITIES LEGISLATION, THE HOLDER OF THIS SECURITY MUST NOT TRADE THE SECURITY BEFORE [THE DATE THAT IS FOUR
MONTHS AND A DAY AFTER THE DISTRIBUTION DATE].&quot;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 1in; text-align: justify">&quot;The securities represented by this
certificate are listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange (&quot;TSX&quot;); however, the said securities cannot be traded through the facilities
of TSX since they are not freely transferable, and consequently any certificate representing such securities is not &quot;good delivery&quot;
in settlement of transactions on TSX.&quot;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ii)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The
share certificates representing the Series&#8239;A Preferred Shares, except as set forth below, shall bear a restrictive legend in substantially
the following form:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 1in; text-align: justify">&quot;UNLESS PERMITTED UNDER APPLICABLE
CANADIAN SECURITIES LEGISLATION, THE HOLDER OF THIS SECURITY MUST NOT TRADE THE SECURITY BEFORE [THE DATE THAT IS FOUR MONTHS AND A DAY
AFTER THE DISTRIBUTION DATE].&quot;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">(iii)&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;The Securities may
not be sold or otherwise disposed of in Canada for a period of four months and one day from the Closing Date and the legends set forth
above may not be removed prior to such time unless a statutory exemption is available or a discretionary order is obtained from the British
Columbia Securities Commission allowing the earlier resale thereof, and may be subject to additional resale restrictions if such sale
or other disposition would be a &quot;control distribution&quot;, as that term is defined in NI 45-102. Notwithstanding the foregoing,
the Company shall, or shall use commercially reasonable efforts to cause the Transfer Agent to, remove the legends set forth above and
the Company shall issue a certificate without such legend to the holder of the Securities in connection with any resale which occurs
after the date that is four months and one day from the Closing Date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(n)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">[Reserved].</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(o)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>CFC/PFIC
Reporting</U>. Following the Closing, the Company shall make an annual determination whether the Company will be classified as a (i)&#8239;&quot;controlled
foreign corporation&quot; within the meaning of Section&#8239;957 or the Internal Revenue Code or (ii)&#8239;&quot;passive foreign investment
company&quot; within the meaning of Section&#8239;1297 of the Internal Revenue Code and promptly inform the Buyers of such determination
and shall notify the Buyers of such determination in writing within ninety (90) days following the end of the calendar year. The Company
shall promptly provide to the Buyers, at the Buyers' expense, any information that the Buyers reasonably request in order for the Buyers
to (i)&#8239;verify the determinations made pursuant to this Section&#8239;4(o)&#8239;in connection with an audit or otherwise, (ii)&#8239;comply
with their federal, state, or local tax return filing and information reporting obligations, (iii)&#8239;make and maintain a &quot;qualified
electing fund&quot; election (as defined in the Internal Revenue Code) with respect to the Company as a result of the Company being classified
as a &quot;passive foreign investment company&quot;, and (iv)&#8239;comply with filing requirements that arise as a result of the Company
being classified as a &quot;controlled foreign corporation&quot; for U.S. federal income tax purposes.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(p)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Investment
Company</U>. So long as any Buyer holds any Securities, the Company will not take any actions that would be reasonably likely to cause
it to be an &quot;investment company,&quot; or a company controlled by an &quot;investment company&quot; other than any Buyer, as such
terms are defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(q)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>No
Integrated Offering</U>. None of the Company, its Subsidiaries or any Person acting on their behalf will take any action or steps that
would require registration of the issuance of any of the Securities under the 1933 Act or cause the offering of any of the Securities
to be integrated with other offerings such that the offerings would require the approval of the shareholders of the Company for purposes
of the 1933 Act or any applicable shareholder approval provisions.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(r)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Public
Disclosures</U>. Each Buyer agrees that, from the date of this Agreement until the later of (x)&#8239;the expiration or termination of
the Standstill Period (as defined below) and (y)&#8239;once the Starboard Appointee is appointed to the Board, the date on which the Starboard
Appointee ceases to be a member of the Board, no Buyer shall, and each Buyer shall cause each of its controlled affiliates (including
Starboard), its Associates and the Starboard Appointee not to, in each case directly or indirectly, in any manner, publicly disclose
any intent or proposal to change the Company's Board, management, business, capitalization, organizational documents or corporate structure,
other than any statements or disclosures made by the Starboard Appointee in his capacity as a director of the Board. As used in this
<U>Section&#8239;4(r)</U>, the terms &quot;Affiliate&quot; and &quot;Associate&quot; shall have the respective meanings set forth in Rule&#8239;12b-2
promulgated by the SEC under the 1934 Act.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(s)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Section&#8239;16
Matters</U>. Once the Starboard Appointee is appointed to the Board, and so long as the Starboard Appointee is a member of the Board,
at the request of the Buyers, the Board or a committee thereof composed solely of two or more &quot;non-employee directors&quot; as defined
in Rule&#8239;16b-3 of the 1934 Act, shall pre-approve the direct or indirect acquisition or disposition, as applicable, including, but
not limited to, by issuance, redemption or other transaction with the Company, of the Series&#8239;A Preferred Shares or any other securities
of the Company by each Buyer, the Starboard Appointee, Starboard or any of their affiliates, for the express purpose of exempting such
Buyer's, the Starboard Appointee's, Starboard's or any of their affiliates' interests in such transaction from Section&#8239;16(b)&#8239;of
the 1934 Act pursuant to Rule&#8239;16b-3 thereunder.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(t)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Tax
Withholdings</U>. The Company shall be entitled to withhold or deduct, from any amounts payable or otherwise deliverable under any of
the Transaction Documents, such amounts as the Company determines, acting reasonably, are required to be deducted or withheld with respect
to such payment or delivery under the Internal Revenue Code, the Canadian Tax Act or any provision of any other applicable laws. To the
extent that such amounts are so deducted or withheld, such amounts shall be treated for all purposes as having been paid to the person
or partnership to whom such amounts would otherwise have been paid, provided that such deducted or withheld amounts are remitted to the
appropriate governmental authority. The Company is hereby authorized to sell or otherwise dispose of, on behalf of any Buyer, such portion
of any share or other security deliverable to such Buyer as is necessary to provide sufficient funds to the Company to enable it to comply
with such deduction or withholding requirement and the Company shall notify such Buyer thereof and remit the applicable portion of the
net proceeds of such sale to the appropriate governmental authority and, if applicable, any portion of such net proceeds that is not
required to be so remitted shall be paid to such Buyer. The Buyers shall, on a joint and several basis, indemnify and hold harmless the
Company for any losses, costs, penalties, fees, liabilities, damages and expenses incurred by the Company in respect of a failure to
withhold, deduct, or remit any amount required to be withheld, deducted, or remitted in respect of any amounts payable pursuant to the
Transaction Documents.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(u)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Forms</U>.
If a Buyer is entitled to claim an exemption or reduction from withholding tax in accordance with applicable law, such Buyer shall promptly
deliver such properly completed and executed documentation (including properly completed Canada Revenue Agency forms NR301, NR 302 or
NR 303, as applicable) reasonably requested by the Company as will permit such payments to be made without withholding or at a reduced
rate of withholding. The Company shall, acting reasonably, take into account all such properly completed forms in determining its withholding
obligations under Section&#8239;4(t). In addition, any Buyer shall deliver such other tax documentation prescribed by applicable law (including
any Internal Revenue Service form W-9 or form W-8, as applicable, or any forms or other documentation as may be necessary for the Company
to comply with its obligations under the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act or otherwise reasonably requested by the Company). Each Buyer
shall provide new documentation (or successor documentation) upon the expiration or obsolescence of any previously delivered documentation
and promptly notify the Company of any change in circumstances which would modify or render invalid any claimed exemption or reduction.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(v)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Special
Dividend</U>. The Company hereby acknowledges and agrees that no record date for any IAA Special Dividend (as defined in the Articles
of Amendment) has been set prior to the date hereof and no such record date shall be set until after the Closing Date. For the avoidance
of doubt, the Common Purchased Shares issued pursuant to the terms of this Agreement shall be entitled to receive any IAA Special Dividend.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(w)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Compliance
with Applicable Governance Rules</U>. It is the intent of each Buyer and the Company that the provisions of this Agreement comply, and
following the date hereof continue to comply, with the Applicable Governance Rules&#8239;as in effect on the date hereof. In furtherance
of the foregoing, if any term, covenant or restriction included in this Agreement fails at any time to comply with such Applicable Governance
Rules, the parties agree to negotiate in good faith to modify this Agreement so as to comply with such Applicable Governance Rules&#8239;while
retaining the original intent as closely as possible in an acceptable manner so that the transactions contemplated hereby be consummated
as originally contemplated to the fullest extent possible. As used herein, &quot;Applicable Governance Rules&quot; means the rules&#8239;and
regulations of the NYSE or the TSX or any other securities exchange upon which the Common Shares are then listed.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">5.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>TRANSFER
RESTRICTIONS; REGISTER.</U></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Transfer
Restrictions</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(i)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Notwithstanding
anything in this Agreement or any other Transaction Document to the contrary, from the date of this Agreement until the one (1)&#8239;year
anniversary of the Closing Date, no Buyer shall sell, transfer, pledge, Hedge or otherwise dispose of, any Purchased Shares or any Conversion
Shares, directly or indirectly, (or publicly announce an intention to take any of the foregoing actions) without the Company's prior
written consent (such consent to be provided by a majority of Company's directors voting who are independent directors and disinterested
in the matter); <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, a Buyer may sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of such Purchased Shares or Conversion
Shares to an affiliate of such Buyer without the Company's prior written consent; <U>provided</U>, <U>further</U>, that such Buyer provides
prompt written notice to the Company of such transfer, including the name and contact information of the affiliate transferee, and such
affiliate transferee agrees in writing to be bound by the terms of the Transaction Documents to which the Buyers are parties in the form
of the joinder attached as <U>Exhibit&#8239;C</U> to this Agreement (a &quot;<U>Joinder</U>&quot;) (which agreement is also provided to
the Company with such notice). Notwithstanding the foregoing, this Section&#8239;5(a)(i)&#8239;shall no longer apply (1)&#8239;with respect
to a Buyer, if this Agreement is terminated in accordance with Section&#8239;8 with respect to such Buyer, (2)&#8239;if the Company's and
IAA,&#8239;Inc.'s shareholders have voted upon the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement or (3)&#8239;if the Merger Agreement
is terminated in accordance with its terms.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ii)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Notwithstanding
anything in this Agreement or any other Transaction Document to the contrary, from and after the date on which the Company's and IAA,&#8239;Inc.'s
shareholders have voted upon and approved the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement until the one (1)&#8239;year anniversary
of the Closing Date, no Buyer shall sell, transfer, pledge, or otherwise dispose of any Series&#8239;A Preferred Shares or Hedge any Series&#8239;A
Preferred Shares or Conversion Shares, directly or indirectly (or publicly announce an intention to take any of the foregoing actions)
without the Company's prior written consent (such consent to be provided by a majority of Company's directors voting who are independent
directors and disinterested in the matter); <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, a Buyer may sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of such
Series&#8239;A Preferred Shares to an affiliate of such Buyer without the Company's prior written consent; <U>provided</U>, <U>further</U>,
that such Buyer provides prompt written notice to the Company of such transfer, including the name and contact information of the affiliate
transferee, and such affiliate transferee agrees in writing by Joinder to be bound by the terms of the Transaction Documents to which
the Buyers are parties (which agreement is also provided to the Company with such notice); provided, further, that the restriction set
forth in this Section&#8239;5(a)(ii)&#8239;shall not apply to any Common Shares owned or expected to be received pursuant to any dividends
in form and the amounts contemplated by the Articles of Amendment. For the avoidance of doubt, this Section&#8239;5(a)(ii)&#8239;shall
only apply if and once the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement are approved by the Company's and IAA,&#8239;Inc.'s shareholders.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, this Section&#8239;5(a)(ii)&#8239;shall no longer apply (1)&#8239;with respect to a Buyer, if this Agreement
is terminated in accordance with Section&#8239;8 with respect to such Buyer or (2)&#8239;if the Merger Agreement is terminated in accordance
with its terms.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(iii)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">Notwithstanding
anything in this Agreement to the contrary, at no time shall a Buyer, any affiliate of any Buyer or any subsequent transferee, sell, transfer
or otherwise dispose of any Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares, directly or indirectly, to any of the Persons described on Schedules 5(a)(i)&nbsp;and
(ii)&nbsp;of the Company Disclosure Letter without the Company&rsquo;s prior written consent (such consent to be provided by a majority of Company&rsquo;s
directors voting who are independent directors and disinterested in the matter).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(iv)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">Each
Buyer agrees that, from the date the Starboard Appointee is appointed to the Board until the date on which the Starboard Appointee ceases
to be a member of the Board, each Buyer shall comply with the Company&rsquo;s trading policies and guidelines applicable to directors of the
Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(v)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">For
purposes of this Section&nbsp;5, &ldquo;<B>Hedge</B>&rdquo; means the making of any swap, short sale (as defined in Rule&nbsp;200 promulgated
under Regulation SHO under the 1934 Act) of, derivative transaction, granting any option for the purchase of, or entering into any hedging
or similar transaction that transfers to any Person, directly or indirectly, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of
ownership of the applicable security, or otherwise establishing or increasing, directly or indirectly, a put equivalent position, as defined
in Rule&nbsp;16a-1(h)&nbsp;under the 1934 Act, with respect to the applicable security. Notwithstanding the foregoing, (i)&nbsp;nothing
herein shall prohibit other Persons under common management or that share an investment advisor with any Buyer (including such Buyer&rsquo;s
affiliates) that have no knowledge of this Agreement or of the transactions contemplated hereby from entering into any Hedge, and (ii)&nbsp;in
the case of a Buyer that is a multi-managed investment vehicle whereby separate portfolio managers manage separate portions of such Buyer&rsquo;s
assets, the restriction set forth above shall only apply with respect to the portion of assets managed by the portfolio manager that made
the investment decision to purchase the Purchased Shares covered by this Agreement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(vi)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">The
parties acknowledge and agree that (i)&nbsp;each of Starboard Value and Opportunity Fund LP and Starboard Intermediate Fund, L.P. will
transfer its Purchased Shares to Starboard Value and Opportunity Master Fund III LP, an affiliate transferee, and (ii)&nbsp;Starboard
X Master Fund Ltd will transfer its Purchased Shares to Starboard X Master Fund II LP, an affiliate transferee, in the case of each of
(i)&nbsp;and (ii), if such affiliate transferee enters into a Joinder with the Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; background-color: white"><U>Register</U>.
The Company shall maintain at its principal executive offices (or such other office or agency of the Company or its transfer agent as
the Company may designate by notice to each holder of Securities), a register for the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares in accordance with
applicable Canadian laws. The Company shall keep the register open and available during business hours for inspection by any Buyer or
its legal representatives upon one (1)&nbsp;Business Day prior written request by such Buyer or its legal representatives.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">6.</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; background-color: white"><U>CONDITIONS
TO THE COMPANY&rsquo;S OBLIGATION TO SELL.</U></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">The
obligation of the Company hereunder to issue and sell the applicable Purchased Shares to each Buyer at the Closing, is subject to the
satisfaction, at or before the Closing Date of each of the following conditions, provided that these conditions are for the Company&rsquo;s
sole benefit and may be waived (in whole or in part) by the Company at any time in its sole discretion by providing each Buyer with prior
written notice thereof:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(i)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">Such
Buyer shall have executed each of the Transaction Documents to which it is a party and delivered the same to the Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ii)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">Such
Buyer shall have delivered its applicable Purchase Price to the Company (in the case of the Lead Investor, such amounts will be set-off
against the amounts payable by the Company to the Lead Investor pursuant to Section&nbsp;4(f)) for the Purchased Shares being purchased
by such Buyer at the Closing by wire transfer of immediately available funds pursuant to the wire instructions provided by the Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(iii)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">The
representations and warranties of such Buyer shall be true and correct (disregarding all qualifications or limitations as to &ldquo;materiality,&rdquo;
 &ldquo;Buyer Material Adverse Effect&rdquo; and words of similar import set forth therein) in all material respects as of the Closing Date
(except for representations and warranties that speak as of a specific date which shall be true and correct as of such specified date),
and such Buyer shall have performed, satisfied and complied in all material respects with the covenants, agreements and conditions required
by this Agreement to be performed, satisfied or complied with by such Buyer at or prior to the Closing Date.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(iv)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">The
Common Shares (I)&nbsp;shall be designated for quotation or listed on the Principal Market and the TSX and (II)&nbsp;shall not be suspended,
in each case, on the Closing Date, by the SEC, the Principal Market or the TSX from trading on the Principal Market or the TSX nor shall
suspension by the SEC, the Principal Market or the TSX have been threatened, as of the Closing Date, either (A)&nbsp;in writing by the
SEC, the Principal Market or the TSX or (B)&nbsp;by falling below the minimum listing maintenance requirements of the Principal Market
or the TSX.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">7.</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; background-color: white"><U>CONDITIONS
TO EACH BUYER&rsquo;S OBLIGATION TO PURCHASE.</U></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">The
obligation of each Buyer hereunder to purchase the applicable Purchased Shares at the Closing is subject to the satisfaction, at or before
the Closing Date of each of the following conditions, provided that these conditions are for each Buyer&rsquo;s sole benefit and may be waived
(in whole or in part) by such Buyer at any time in its sole discretion by providing the Company with prior written notice thereof:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(i)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">The
Company shall have (A)&nbsp;duly executed and delivered to such Buyer each of the Transaction Documents and (B)&nbsp;issued to such Buyer,
in book-entry form with respect to the Purchased Common Shares, and in certificated form with respect to the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares,
such number of applicable Purchased Shares being purchased by such Buyer at the Closing and delivered to such Buyer (1)&nbsp;a copy of
the securities register for the Company evidencing the issuance of the Preferred Shares and, as soon as practicable thereafter, deliver
original certificates thereof to each Buyer at the addresses set forth on the Schedule of Buyers, and (2)&nbsp;a Direct Registration System
(DRS) statement from the Company&rsquo;s transfer agent showing such Buyer as the owner of the Purchased Common Shares on and as of the
Closing Date.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ii)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">Such
Buyer shall have received the opinion of (i)&nbsp;Goodwin Procter LLP, the Company&rsquo;s outside U.S. counsel, and (ii)&nbsp;McCarthy T&eacute;trault
LLP, the Company&rsquo;s outside Canadian counsel, each dated as of the Closing Date, in each case, in forms reasonably acceptable to the Buyers.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(iii)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">The
Company shall have delivered to such Buyer a copy of the Irrevocable Transfer Agent Instructions (the &ldquo;<B>Irrevocable Transfer Agent
Instructions</B>&rdquo;), in the form reasonably acceptable to the Buyers, which instructions shall have been delivered to and acknowledged
in writing by the Company&rsquo;s transfer agent.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(iv)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">The
Company shall have delivered to such Buyer a certificate evidencing the formation and good standing of the Company in its jurisdiction
of formation, as of a date within ten (10)&nbsp;days prior to the Closing Date.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(v)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">The
Company shall have delivered to such Buyer a certificate, executed by the Secretary of the Company and dated as of the Closing Date, as
to (i)&nbsp;the resolutions consistent with Section&nbsp;3(b)&nbsp;as adopted by the Board in a form reasonably acceptable to such Buyer,
(ii)&nbsp;the Articles of Amalgamation and (iii)&nbsp;the By-laws, in the form attached hereto as <U>Exhibit&nbsp;D</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(vi)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">The
representations and warranties of the Company shall be true and correct (disregarding all qualifications or limitations as to &ldquo;materiality,&rdquo;
 &ldquo;Material Adverse Effect&rdquo; and words of similar import set forth therein) in all material respects as of the Closing Date (except
for representations and warranties that speak as of a specific date which shall be true and correct as of such specified date), except
where the failure to be true and correct would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse
Effect, and the Company shall have performed, satisfied and complied in all material respects with the covenants, agreements and conditions
required by the Transaction Documents to be performed, satisfied or complied with by the Company at or prior to the Closing Date. Such
Buyer shall have received a certificate, executed by an executive officer of the Company, dated as of the Closing Date, to the foregoing
effect in the form attached hereto as <U>Exhibit&nbsp;E</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(vii)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">The
Common Shares (I)&nbsp;shall be designated for quotation or listed on the Principal Market and the TSX and (II)&nbsp;shall not be suspended,
in each case, on the Closing Date, by the SEC, the Principal Market or the TSX from trading on the Principal Market or the TSX nor shall
suspension by the SEC, the Principal Market or the TSX have been threatened, as of the Closing Date, either (A)&nbsp;in writing by the
SEC, the Principal Market or the TSX or (B)&nbsp;by falling below the minimum listing maintenance requirements of the Principal Market
or the TSX.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(viii)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">(i)&nbsp;The
Company shall have filed with the NYSE a Supplemental Listing Application for the listing of the Purchased Common Shares and Conversion
Shares, and the NYSE shall have approved such Supplemental Listing Application and (ii)&nbsp;the TSX shall have accepted of the offering
of the Securities, and the Purchased Common Shares purchased hereunder and the Conversion Shares shall have been conditionally listed
and posted for trading on the TSX, subject only to customary listing conditions of the TSX and, in the case of the Conversion Shares,
conversion of the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ix)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">The
Articles of Amendment in the form attached hereto as <U>Exhibit&nbsp;A</U> shall have been filed with Innovation, Science and Economic
Development Canada of Canada and, as of the issuance of the certificate of amendment by Innovation, Science and Economic Development Canada
in respect of the Articles of Amendment, shall be in full force and effect, enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms
and shall not have been amended.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">8.</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; background-color: white"><U>TERMINATION</U>.
In the event that the Closing shall not have occurred with respect to a Buyer on the Closing Date as determined in accordance with Section&nbsp;1(b)&nbsp;hereof
due to a party&rsquo;s failure to satisfy the conditions to the other party&rsquo;s obligations to effect the Closing set forth in Section&nbsp;6
or 7, as applicable, above (and such other party does not waive such unsatisfied condition(s)), such other party shall have the right
to terminate this Agreement with respect to such breaching party at the close of business (New York City time) on such date by delivering
a written notice to that effect to each other party to this Agreement and without liability of any party to any other party (subject to
the last sentence of Section&nbsp;9(i)); <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that if this Agreement is terminated pursuant to this Section&nbsp;8,
the Company shall remain obligated to reimburse the Lead Investor or its designee(s), as applicable, for the expenses described in Section&nbsp;4(f)&nbsp;above,
except in the event such termination was caused by the Lead Investor&rsquo;s failure to perform any of its obligations under this Agreement.
None of the parties may rely, as a basis for terminating this Agreement or not consummating the transactions contemplated hereby, on the
failure of any condition set forth in Section&nbsp;6 or 7, as the case may be, to be satisfied, if such failure was caused by such party&rsquo;s
failure to perform any of its obligations under this Agreement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">9.</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; background-color: white"><U>GOVERNANCE</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; background-color: white"><U>Board
Appointment</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(i)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">The
Company agrees that the Board and all applicable committees of the Board shall take all necessary actions to, effective immediately following
the later to occur of the Parent Shareholder Approval (as defined in the Merger Agreement) and the Company Stockholder Approval (as defined
in the Merger Agreement) (the occurrence of both of the Parent Shareholder Approval and the Company Stockholder Approval, the &ldquo;<B>Appointment
Event</B>&rdquo;), (A)&nbsp;increase the size of the Board from nine to ten directors and (B)&nbsp;appoint Jeffrey C. Smith (the &ldquo;<B>Starboard
Appointee</B>&rdquo;) as a member of the Board. The Company agrees that, if the Appointment Event has occurred and so long as a Resignation
Event (as defined below) has not occurred, (x)&nbsp;the Board shall nominate, along with its other nominees, the Starboard Appointee for
election to the Board at the Company&rsquo;s 2023 annual meeting of shareholders (the &ldquo;<B>2023 Annual Meeting</B>&rdquo;) for a term expiring
at the Company&rsquo;s 2024 annual meeting of shareholders (the &ldquo;<B>2024 Annual Meeting</B>&rdquo;) and (y)&nbsp;the Company shall recommend,
support and solicit proxies for the election of the Starboard Appointee at the 2023 Annual Meeting in the same manner as it recommends,
supports, and solicits proxies for the election of any continuing director. The parties hereto acknowledge and agree that, in the event
that the Appointment Event does not occur by the Outside Date (as defined in the Merger Agreement) or the Merger Agreement is terminated
in accordance with its terms, then the provisions of this <U>Section&nbsp;9</U> shall be void and of no further effect from and after
such time.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; background-color: white"><U>Board
Committees</U>. The Board shall give the Starboard Appointee the same due consideration for membership to any committee of the Board as
any other independent director.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; background-color: white"><U>Additional
Governance Agreements</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(i)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">During
the Standstill Period, Starboard shall comply, and shall cause each of its controlled Affiliates and Associates and the Starboard Appointee
to comply, with the terms of this <U>Section&nbsp;9</U> and shall be responsible for any breach of this <U>Section&nbsp;9</U> by any such
Affiliate or Associate or the Starboard Appointee. As used in this <U>Section&nbsp;9</U>, the terms &ldquo;Affiliate&rdquo; and &ldquo;Associate&rdquo;
shall have the respective meanings set forth in Rule&nbsp;12b-2 promulgated by the SEC under the 1934 Act and shall include all persons
or entities that at any time during the Standstill Period become controlled Affiliates or Associates of any person or entity referred
to in this Agreement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ii)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">During
the Standstill Period, Starboard shall not, and shall cause each of its controlled Affiliates and Associates not to, directly or indirectly,
(A)&nbsp;unless otherwise expressly permitted or requested by the Board, nominate or recommend for nomination any person for election
at any annual or special meeting of the Company&rsquo;s shareholders, (B)&nbsp;submit any proposal for consideration at, or bring any other
business before, any annual or special meeting of the Company&rsquo;s shareholders, or (C)&nbsp;initiate, encourage or participate in any &ldquo;vote
no,&rdquo; &ldquo;against,&rdquo; &ldquo;withhold&rdquo; or similar campaign with respect to any annual or special meeting of the Company&rsquo;s
shareholders. Starboard shall not, and shall cause each of its controlled Affiliates and Associates not to, publicly or privately encourage
or support any other shareholder, person or entity to take any of the actions described in this <U>Section&nbsp;9(c)(ii)</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(iii)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">During
the Standstill Period, at each annual meeting of the Company&rsquo;s shareholders, Starboard shall not vote any Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares
or Common Shares beneficially owned by Starboard, and that Starboard has the right and ability to vote (or to direct the vote) as of the
applicable record date, against (including through a &ldquo;withhold&rdquo; vote) (A)&nbsp;any of the Company&rsquo;s nominees for director, including
any continuing director, (B)&nbsp;the ratification of the appointment of Ernst&nbsp;&amp; Young LLP as the Company&rsquo;s independent auditors
for the fiscal year ended December&nbsp;31, 2023 (and, with respect to any future year during the Standstill Period, any other independent
auditor as the Board may recommend for the applicable fiscal year), (C)&nbsp;the Board&rsquo;s recommendation with respect to the Company&rsquo;s
 &ldquo;say-on-pay&rdquo; proposal or (D)&nbsp;the Board&rsquo;s recommendation with respect to any other Company proposal or shareholder proposal
or nomination presented at such annual meeting. Starboard further agrees that, at any special meeting of the Company&rsquo;s shareholders during
the Standstill Period, Starboard shall not vote any Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares or Common Shares beneficially owned by Starboard, and
that Starboard has the right and ability to vote (or to direct the vote) as of the applicable record date, at such meeting against (including
through a &ldquo;withhold&rdquo; vote) the Board&rsquo;s recommendation on any Company proposal or shareholder proposal or nomination, including,
without limitation, relating to the appointment, election or removal of director(s). Nothing in this Agreement shall be deemed to prevent,
or in any manner limit, Starboard&rsquo;s ability to vote all Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares and Common Shares beneficially owned by Starboard,
and that Starboard has the right and ability to vote (or to direct the vote) as of the applicable record date, in any manner that it sees
fit with respect to (1)&nbsp;any Extraordinary Transaction (as defined below) that may be presented for shareholder approval during the
Standstill Period (which Extraordinary Transactions, for the avoidance of doubt, shall not include any of the matters described in <U>Section&nbsp;9(c)(iv)</U>)
or (2)&nbsp;the election or removal of the Starboard Appointee.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(iv)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">Notwithstanding
anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement or any other Transaction Document, the parties hereto acknowledge and agree that
Starboard shall not, at the Parent Shareholders Meeting (as defined in the Merger Agreement), vote any Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares
or Common Shares beneficially owned by Starboard, and that Starboard has the right and ability to vote (or to direct the vote) as of the
applicable record date, on the proposal (i)&nbsp;to approve the issuance of Common Shares to stockholders of IAA,&nbsp;Inc. in connection
with the Merger Agreement or (ii)&nbsp;to approve the adjournment of the Parent Shareholders Meeting, if necessary or appropriate, to
solicit additional proxies if there are insufficient votes at the time of the Parent Shareholders Meeting to approve the proposal referenced
in the foregoing clause (i). All of the Purchased Shares will be beneficially owned by Starboard through the date of the Parent Shareholders
Meeting or, if earlier, the date that the Merger Agreement is terminated in accordance with its terms.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(v)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">As
a condition to the Starboard Appointee&rsquo;s appointment to the Board, Starboard hereby represents that the Starboard Appointee has submitted,
or will submit prior to the appointment of the Starboard Appointee to the Board, an irrevocable resignation letter pursuant to which the
Starboard Appointee shall resign from the Board and all applicable committees thereof effective automatically and immediately if (A)&nbsp;Starboard
fails to satisfy the Minimum Ownership Threshold (as defined below) at any time after the date of this Agreement or (B)&nbsp;Starboard,
its controlled Affiliates or Associates or the Starboard Appointee materially breaches the terms of this <U>Section&nbsp;9</U> or <U>Section&nbsp;4(r)</U>&nbsp;or
<U>Section&nbsp;5(a)</U>&nbsp;of this Agreement (clauses (A)-(B), regardless of actual resignation, the &ldquo;<B>Resignation Events</B>&rdquo;).
For the avoidance of doubt, Starboard shall have no rights under this <U>Section&nbsp;9</U> from and after the occurrence of any Resignation
Event but shall continue to be subject to its obligations hereunder until the earlier of (x)&nbsp;the date that is 30 days prior to the
deadline for the submission of shareholder nominations for the Company&rsquo;s next upcoming annual meeting of shareholders after the Resignation
Event pursuant to the Company&rsquo;s organizational documents and (y)&nbsp;the date that is 100 days prior to the first anniversary of the
Company&rsquo;s most recent annual meeting of shareholders; <U>provided</U>, that the Company is not in material breach of this <U>Section&nbsp;9</U>
at the time of the occurrence of any Resignation Event (subject to any cure period set forth herein). For purposes of this <U>Section&nbsp;9</U>,
with respect to Starboard, &ldquo;<B>Minimum Ownership Threshold</B>&rdquo; means that Starboard beneficially owns (as determined under
Rule&nbsp;13d-3 promulgated under the 1934 Act) in the aggregate at least 50.0% of the Purchased Shares (on an as-converted basis and
subject to adjustment for stock splits, reclassifications, combinations and similar adjustments).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(vi)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">Starboard
acknowledges that, prior to his appointment to the Board, the Starboard Appointee is required to (A)&nbsp;submit to the Company a fully
completed copy of the Company&rsquo;s standard director&nbsp;&amp; officer questionnaire and other reasonable and customary director onboarding
documentation (including an authorization form to conduct a background check and certain other agreements required by the Company in connection
with the appointment or election of new Board members), (B)&nbsp;deliver to the Company an executed consent of the Starboard Appointee
to serve as a director if appointed pursuant to the terms hereof and to be included in the proxy statement or other filings under applicable
law or stock exchange rules&nbsp;or listing standards, and (C)&nbsp;submit to the Company any other information required (1)&nbsp;to be
or customarily disclosed for all applicable directors, candidates for directors, and their Affiliates and representatives in a proxy statement
or other filings under applicable law or stock exchange rules&nbsp;or listing standards and (2)&nbsp;in connection with assessing eligibility,
independence and other criteria applicable to all directors or satisfying compliance and legal obligations applicable to all independent
directors.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(vii)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">Starboard
and the Starboard Appointee agree that the Board or any committee or subcommittee thereof, in the exercise of its fiduciary duties, may
recuse the Starboard Appointee from any Board or committee or subcommittee meeting or portion thereof (and not provide the Starboard Appointee
with any materials with respect thereto or any notice of such meetings, which the director is deemed to have waived) (A)&nbsp;at which
the Board or any such committee or subcommittee is discussing, evaluating and/or taking action with respect to (1)&nbsp;the exercise of
any of the Company&rsquo;s rights or enforcement of any of the obligations under this Agreement or the Articles of Amendment, (2)&nbsp;any action
or proposed transaction that would trigger any provision of any of this Agreement or the Articles of Amendment in which the holders of
the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares have a right different from a right of the holders of Common Shares, (3)&nbsp;any action taken or proposed
(i)&nbsp;in respect of or (ii)&nbsp;in response to actions taken or proposed by Starboard or its Affiliates, in each case, with respect
to the Company or its Affiliates, or (4)&nbsp;any proposed transaction between the Company and Starboard or its Affiliates, and (B)&nbsp;to
the extent necessary to avoid any potential or actual conflict of interest or when not doing so would otherwise be inconsistent with the
Board&rsquo;s fiduciary duties. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, Starboard agrees that the Board or any committee thereof may
form a committee or subcommittee of the Board excluding the Starboard Appointee to address any situation involving clauses (A)(1)&nbsp;through
(A)(4)&nbsp;and (B)&nbsp;above.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(viii)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">Starboard
acknowledges that the Starboard Appointee, upon election to the Board, will be governed by the same obligations regarding confidentiality,
conflicts of interest, related party transactions, fiduciary duties, codes of conduct, trading and disclosure policies, director resignation
policies, and other governance guidelines and policies of the Company (collectively, &ldquo;<B>Company Policies</B>&rdquo;) as other independent
directors of the Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; background-color: white"><U>Certain
Starboard Agreements</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(i)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">Starboard
agrees that, from the date of the Appointment Event until the later of (i)&nbsp;the earlier of (x)&nbsp;the date that is 30 days prior
to the deadline for the submission of shareholder nominations for the 2024 Annual Meeting pursuant to the Company&rsquo;s organizational documents
and (y)&nbsp;the date that is 100 days prior to the first anniversary of the 2023 Annual Meeting and (ii)&nbsp;the date that the Starboard
Appointee no longer serves on the Board (the &ldquo;<B>Standstill Period</B>&rdquo;), Starboard shall not, and shall cause each of its controlled
Affiliates and Associates and the Starboard Appointee not to, in each case, directly or indirectly, in any manner, unless otherwise expressly
approved or requested by the Board:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(1)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">except
for solicitations in accordance with the recommendation of the Board, engage, directly or indirectly, in any solicitation of proxies or
consents or become a &ldquo;participant&rdquo; in a &ldquo;solicitation&rdquo; (as such terms are defined in Regulation 14A under the 1934
Act) of proxies or consents (including, without limitation, any solicitation of consents that seeks to call a special meeting of shareholders),
in each case, with respect to securities of the Company;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(2)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">form,
join, or in any way participate in any &ldquo;group&rdquo; (within the meaning of Section&nbsp;13(d)(3)&nbsp;of the 1934 Act) with respect
to Common Shares or any other class or series of stock of the Company (other than a &ldquo;group&rdquo; that includes all or some of the
members of Starboard, but does not include any other entities or persons that are not members of Starboard as of the date hereof); <U>provided</U>,
<U>however</U>, that nothing herein shall limit the ability of an Affiliate of Starboard to join the &ldquo;group&rdquo; following the execution
of this Agreement, so long as any such Affiliate agrees in writing with the Company to be bound by the terms and conditions of this Agreement;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(3)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">deposit
any Common Shares, Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares or any other securities of the Company in any voting trust or subject any Common Shares,
Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares or any other securities of the Company to any arrangement or agreement with respect to the voting of any
Common Shares, Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares or any other securities of the Company (including by granting any proxy, consent or other
authority to vote), other than any such voting trust, arrangement or agreement solely among the members of Starboard and otherwise in
accordance with this Agreement;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(4)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">seek
or submit, or encourage any person or entity to seek or submit, nomination(s)&nbsp;in furtherance of a &ldquo;contested solicitation&rdquo;
for the appointment, election or removal of directors with respect to the Company or seek, encourage or take any other action with respect
to the appointment, election or removal of any directors of the Company, in each case, in opposition to the recommendation of the Board,
except as otherwise permitted in this <U>Section&nbsp;9</U>; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that nothing in this Agreement shall prevent
Starboard or its Affiliates or Associates from taking actions in furtherance of identifying director candidates in connection with the
2024 Annual Meeting, or any subsequent annual meeting of shareholders, so long as such actions do not create a public disclosure obligation
for Starboard or the Company and are undertaken on a basis reasonably designed to be confidential and in accordance in all material respects
with Starboard&rsquo;s normal practices in the circumstances;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(5)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">(A)&nbsp;make
any proposal for consideration by shareholders at any annual or special meeting of shareholders of the Company or through any action by
written consent of shareholders or referendum of shareholders of the Company, (B)&nbsp;make any offer or proposal (with or without conditions)
with respect to any merger, scheme of arrangement, takeover, tender or exchange offer, acquisition, recapitalization, restructuring, disposition
or other business combination or extraordinary transaction (each, an &ldquo;<B>Extraordinary Transaction</B>&rdquo;) involving the Company
and/or its Affiliates, (C)&nbsp;affirmatively solicit a third party to make an offer or proposal (with or without conditions) with respect
to any Extraordinary Transaction involving the Company, or encourage, initiate or support any third party in making such an offer or proposal,
(D)&nbsp;publicly comment on any Extraordinary Transaction with respect to the Company prior to the Company making a public announcement
or regulatory filing with the SEC regarding such Extraordinary Transaction, (E)&nbsp;call or seek to call a special meeting of shareholders
or act by written consent, or (F)&nbsp;make any request for the Company&rsquo;s list of shareholders or books and records of the Company under
any statutory or regulatory provisions providing for shareholder access to books and records (for the avoidance of doubt, nothing in this
clause (F)&nbsp;shall prevent the Starboard Appointee from privately and confidentially making any such request in his capacity as a director
of the Company);</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(6)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">seek,
alone or in concert with others, representation on the Board or removal of any member of the Board, except as permitted by this <U>Section&nbsp;9</U>;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(7)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">advise,
encourage, support or knowingly influence any person or entity with respect to the voting or disposition of any securities of the Company
at any annual or special meeting of shareholders or in connection with any consent solicitation, except in accordance with this <U>Section&nbsp;9</U>;
or</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(8)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">make
any request or submit any proposal to amend the terms of this <U>Section&nbsp;9</U> other than through confidential, non-public communications
with the Company&rsquo;s Chief Executive Officer or the Board that would not be reasonably determined to trigger public disclosure obligations
for any party.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: white">The
restrictions in </FONT><FONT STYLE="background-color: white"><U>Sections 9(c)(i</U>), <U>(c)(ii)</U>&nbsp;and <U>(c)(iii)</U>, <U>(d)(i)</U>&nbsp;and,
with respect to the reference to <U>Section&nbsp;9(c)(iii)</U>, <U>(d)(ii</U>), and <U>(e)</U>&nbsp;applicable to Starboard (including,
for the avoidance of doubt, the Starboard Appointee) shall terminate automatically and immediately upon any material breach of this <U>Section&nbsp;9</U>
by the Company, including, without limitation, as a result of a failure by the Company to appoint the Starboard Appointee, as applicable,
to the Board upon the Appointment Event or nominate the Starboard Appointee, as applicable, to the Board at the 2023 Annual Meeting in
accordance with <U>Section&nbsp;9(a)(i)</U>, upon five business days&rsquo; written notice by Starboard to the Company if such breach has not
been cured within such notice period; <U>provided</U>, that Starboard is not in material breach of this <U>Section&nbsp;9</U> or <U>Section&nbsp;4(r)</U>&nbsp;or
<U>Section&nbsp;5(a)</U>&nbsp;at the time such notice is given or prior to the end of the notice period.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: white">Notwithstanding
anything to the contrary in this Agreement, nothing in this Agreement will prohibit or restrict Starboard or its Affiliates and Associates
or the Starboard Appointee from (A)&nbsp;making any factual statement to comply with any subpoena, legal requirement, or other legal process
or to respond to a request for information from any governmental authority with jurisdiction over such person or entity from whom information
is sought (so long as such process or request did not arise as a result of a breach of this Agreement or any other discretionary acts
by Starboard or its controlled Affiliates and Associates or the Starboard Appointee) or making any regulatory filing required pursuant
to the </FONT><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">1934 Act or any other applicable regulatory regime (<U>provided</U>, that any such
legal requirement or regulatory filing does not arise from or relate to an action by Starboard or its controlled Affiliates and Associates
or the Starboard Appointee that would otherwise violate this Agreement and any such statement, whether or not in a regulatory filing,
does not otherwise violate this <U>Section&nbsp;9(d)(i)</U>) (<U>provided</U> that, to the extent legally permissible, Starboard shall
first preview such statement or regulatory filing with the Company in advance of making such disclosure or filing and consider in good
faith any comments by the Company), (B)&nbsp;communicating privately and confidentially with the Board or any of the Company&rsquo;s executive
officers regarding any matter, so long as such communications would not be reasonably determined to trigger public disclosure obligations
for any party, (C)&nbsp;subject to the New Confidentiality Agreement (as defined below) and the Company Policies to the extent applicable,
communicating among Starboard and its Affiliates or Associates, the Starboard Appointee, and their respective representatives, agents,
subsidiaries, affiliates, successors, assigns, officers, key employees or directors (in their respective capacities as such), or (D)&nbsp;complying
with Rule&nbsp;14a-19(b)&nbsp;of the 1934 Act.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ii)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">Except
as expressly provided in <U>Sections 9(c)(iii)</U>&nbsp;and <U>(iv)</U>, Starboard shall be entitled to vote the Common Shares or any
other class or series of stock of the Company, including the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares, that it beneficially owns as Starboard determines
in its sole and absolute discretion.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(iii)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">Prior
to the Continuation Deadline (as defined below), Starboard may, in its sole and absolute discretion and so long as no Resignation Event
has occurred and the Starboard Appointee is then currently a member of the Board, provide written notice (the &ldquo;<B>Continuation Notice</B>&rdquo;)
to the Company of Starboard&rsquo;s determination to continue the Standstill Period for all purposes of this Agreement until the earlier of
(x)&nbsp;the date that is 30 days prior to the deadline for the submission of shareholder nominations for the Second Proximate Annual
Meeting of Shareholders (as defined below) pursuant to the Company&rsquo;s organizational documents and (y)&nbsp;the date that is 100 days prior
to the first anniversary of the Next Proximate Annual Meeting (as defined below) (the &ldquo;<B>Continuation Option</B>&rdquo;); <U>provided</U>,
<U>however</U>, that the Continuation Option shall only be exercisable by Starboard twice and thereafter such Continuation Option shall
terminate. If Starboard provides a Continuation Notice, then the Standstill Period shall be automatically extended as set forth in the
previous sentence of this <U>Section&nbsp;9(d)(iii)</U>, and, subject to his consent to serve and the other requirements set forth in
<U>Section&nbsp;9(c)(v)</U>&nbsp;and <U>(vi)</U>, and so long as no Resignation Event has occurred, the Board and all applicable committees
of the Board shall take all necessary actions to nominate the Starboard Appointee for election as a director at the Next Proximate Annual
Meeting and recommend, support and solicit proxies for the election of the Starboard Appointee at the Next Proximate Annual Meeting in
the same manner as it recommends, supports, and solicits proxies for the election of all other directors. For the avoidance of doubt,
Starboard shall be permitted to exercise a Continuation Option prior to the applicable Continuation Deadline, as set forth under this
<U>Section&nbsp;9(d)(iii)</U>, in connection with the Next Proximate Annual Meeting, so long as no Resignation Event has occurred and
the Starboard Appointee has not otherwise resigned as a member of the Board. In the event that Starboard does not exercise the Continuation
Option prior to the applicable Continuation Deadline, the Standstill Period shall expire pursuant to <U>Section&nbsp;9(d)(i)</U>&nbsp;and
no further Continuation Option shall be available. For purposes of this Agreement, (i)&nbsp;&ldquo;<B>Continuation Deadline</B>&rdquo; means
11:59 PM ET on the earlier of (x)&nbsp;the date that is 30 days prior to the deadline for the submission of shareholder nominations for
the Next Proximate Annual Meeting (<I>i.e.</I>, the 2024 Annual Meeting of Shareholders in respect of the initial Continuation Option
and the 2025 Annual Meeting of Shareholders in respect of the second Continuation Option) pursuant to the Company&rsquo;s organizational documents
and (y)&nbsp;the date that is 100 days prior to the first anniversary of the most recent annual meeting of shareholders held by the Company
(<I>i.e.</I>, the 2023 Annual Meeting of Shareholders in respect of the initial Continuation Option and the 2024 Annual Meeting of Shareholders
in respect of the second Continuation Option); (ii)&nbsp;&ldquo;<B>Next Proximate Annual Meeting</B>&rdquo; means the next upcoming annual
meeting of shareholders (<I>i.e.</I>, the 2024 Annual Meeting of Shareholders in respect of the initial Continuation Option and the 2025
Annual Meeting of Shareholders in respect of the second Continuation Option); and (iii)&nbsp;&ldquo;<B>Second Proximate Annual Meeting</B>&rdquo;
means the next upcoming annual meeting of shareholders after the Next Proximate Annual Meeting (<I>i.e.</I>, the 2025 Annual Meeting of
Shareholders in respect of the initial Continuation Option and the 2026 Annual Meeting of Shareholders in respect of the second Continuation
Option).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(iv)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">Nothing
in this Agreement shall be deemed to limit the exercise in good faith by the Starboard Appointee of his fiduciary duties as a director
of the Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(e)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; background-color: white"><U>Mutual
Non-Disparagement</U>. Subject to applicable law, each of the parties hereto covenants and agrees that, during the Standstill Period,
or if earlier, until such time as the other party or any of its agents, subsidiaries, affiliates, successors, assigns, officers, key employees
or directors acting on behalf of such party shall have breached this <U>Section&nbsp;9(e)</U>, neither it nor any of its respective agents,
subsidiaries, affiliates, successors, assigns, officers, key employees or directors shall in any way publicly criticize, disparage, call
into disrepute or otherwise defame or slander the other party or such other party&rsquo;s subsidiaries, affiliates, successors, assigns, officers
(including any future (<I>i.e.</I>, appointed following the date hereof and before the termination of the Standstill Period) or current
officer of a party or a party&rsquo;s subsidiaries who no longer serves in such capacity at any time during the Standstill Period), directors
(including any future (<I>i.e.</I>, appointed following the date hereof and before the termination of the Standstill Period) or current
director of a party or a party&rsquo;s subsidiaries who no longer serves in such capacity at any time during the Standstill Period), employees,
shareholders, agents, attorneys or representatives, or any of their businesses, products or services, in any manner that would reasonably
be expected to damage the business or reputation of such other party, their products or services or their subsidiaries, affiliates, successors,
assigns, officers (or former officers), directors (or former directors), employees, shareholders, agents, attorneys or representatives;
<U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that, nothing herein shall prevent (i)&nbsp;Starboard or any of its agents, subsidiaries, affiliates,
successors, assigns, officers, key employees or directors from making any statement or announcement unrelated to (and which does not,
directly or indirectly, reference in any way) the Company and its subsidiaries, their respective businesses, products or services, the
Board or management of the Company concerning the Company&rsquo;s officers (including any future (<I>i.e.</I>, appointed following the date
hereof and before the termination of the Standstill Period) or current officer of the Company or any of the Company&rsquo;s subsidiaries who
no longer serves in such capacity at any time during the Standstill Period), directors (including any future (<I>i.e.</I>, appointed following
the date hereof and before the termination of the Standstill Period) or current director of the Company or any of the Company&rsquo;s subsidiaries
who no longer serves in such capacity at any time during the Standstill Period), employees, shareholders, agents, attorneys or representatives
(in each case, in capacities unrelated to the Company and its subsidiaries), or any of their businesses, products or services or (ii)&nbsp;such
directors, officers, employees, shareholders, agents, attorneys or representatives of the Company or its subsidiaries referenced in the
foregoing clause (i)&nbsp;(in each case, in such capacities unrelated to the Company and its subsidiaries) from making any statement or
announcement in response thereto. The foregoing shall not restrict the ability of any person to comply with any subpoena or other legal
process or respond to a request for information from any governmental authority with jurisdiction over the party from whom information
is sought.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(f)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; background-color: white"><U>Confidentiality
Agreement</U>. The parties shall enter into the confidentiality agreement in the form attached hereto as <U>Exhibit&nbsp;F</U>, which
shall be effective upon the Appointment Event (the &ldquo;<B>New Confidentiality Agreement</B>&rdquo;). Prior to the effectiveness of the
New Confidentiality Agreement, the parties agree that the Confidentiality Agreement shall remain in full force and effect.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">10.</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; background-color: white"><U>MISCELLANEOUS.</U></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; background-color: white"><U>Governing
Law; Jurisdiction; Jury Trial</U>. All questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of this Agreement
shall be governed by the internal laws of the State of New York, without giving effect to any choice of law or conflict of law provision
or rule&nbsp;(whether of the State of New York or any other jurisdictions) that would cause the application of the laws of any jurisdictions
other than the State of New York. Each party hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal courts
sitting in The City of New York, Borough of Manhattan, for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or in connection herewith or with
any transaction contemplated hereby or discussed herein, and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any suit, action or
proceeding, any claim that it is not personally subject to the jurisdiction of any such court, that such suit, action or proceeding is
brought in an inconvenient forum or that the venue of such suit, action or proceeding is improper. Each party hereby irrevocably waives
personal service of process and consents to process being served in any such suit, action or proceeding by mailing a copy thereof to such
party at the address for such notices to it under this Agreement and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service
of process and notice thereof. Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any manner permitted
by law. <B>EACH PARTY HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES ANY RIGHT IT MAY&nbsp;HAVE, AND AGREES NOT TO REQUEST, A JURY TRIAL FOR THE ADJUDICATION
OF ANY DISPUTE HEREUNDER OR IN CONNECTION WITH OR ARISING OUT OF THIS AGREEMENT OR ANY TRANSACTION CONTEMPLATED HEREBY.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; background-color: white"><U>Counterparts</U>.
This Agreement may be executed in two or more identical counterparts, all of which shall be considered one and the same agreement and
shall become effective when counterparts have been signed by each party and delivered to the other party; provided that a facsimile or
..pdf signature shall be considered due execution and shall be binding upon the signatory thereto with the same force and effect as if
the signature were an original, not a facsimile or .pdf signature. Counterparts may be delivered via facsimile, electronic mail (including
pdf or any electronic signature complying with the U.S. federal ESIGN Act of 2000, e.g., www.docusign.com) or other transmission method
and any counterpart so delivered shall be deemed to have been duly and validly delivered and be valid and effective for all purposes.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; background-color: white"><U>Headings</U>.
The headings of this Agreement are for convenience of reference and shall not form part of, or affect the interpretation of, this Agreement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; background-color: white"><U>Severability</U>.
If any provision of this Agreement is prohibited by law or otherwise determined to be invalid or unenforceable by a court of competent
jurisdiction, the provision that would otherwise be prohibited, invalid or unenforceable shall be deemed amended to apply to the broadest
extent that it would be valid and enforceable, and the invalidity or unenforceability of such provision shall not affect the validity
of the remaining provisions of this Agreement so long as this Agreement as so modified continues to express, without material change,
the original intentions of the parties as to the subject matter hereof and the prohibited nature, invalidity or unenforceability of the
provision(s)&nbsp;in question does not substantially impair the respective expectations or reciprocal obligations of the parties or the
practical realization of the benefits that would otherwise be conferred upon the parties. The parties will endeavor in good faith negotiations
to replace the prohibited, invalid or unenforceable provision(s)&nbsp;with a valid provision(s), the effect of which comes as close as
possible to that of the prohibited, invalid or unenforceable provision(s).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(e)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; background-color: white"><U>Entire
Agreement; Amendments</U>. This Agreement and the other Transaction Documents supersede all other prior oral or written agreements between
the Buyers, the Company, their affiliates and Persons acting on their behalf with respect to the matters discussed herein, and this Agreement,
the other Transaction Documents and the instruments referenced herein and therein contain the entire understanding of the parties with
respect to the matters covered herein and therein and, except as specifically set forth herein or therein, neither the Company nor any
Buyer makes any representation, warranty, covenant or undertaking with respect to such matters. The terms and conditions of the Confidentiality
Agreement remain in full force and effect pursuant to the terms thereof, subject to Section&nbsp;4(h)&nbsp;and Section&nbsp;9(f). Provisions
of this Agreement may be amended and the observance thereof may be waived (either generally or in a particular instance and either retroactively
or prospectively), only with the written consent of the Company and the holders of at least a majority of the aggregate number of Series&nbsp;A
Preferred Shares issued or issuable pursuant to the terms of this Agreement and shall include the Lead Investor so long as the Lead Investor
or any of its affiliates holds any Registrable Securities (the &ldquo;<B>Required Holders</B>&rdquo;). Any amendment or waiver effected
in accordance with this Section&nbsp;10(e)&nbsp;shall be binding upon each Buyer and holder of Securities and the Company. No such amendment
shall be effective to the extent that it applies to less than all of the Buyers or holders of Securities. No consideration shall be offered
or paid to any Person to amend or consent to a waiver or modification of any provision of any of the Transaction Documents unless the
same consideration (other than the reimbursement of legal fees) also is offered to all of the parties to the Transaction Documents and
holders of Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(f)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; background-color: white"><U>Notices</U>.
Any notices, consents, waivers or other communications required or permitted to be given under the terms of this Agreement or any of the
other Transaction Documents must be in writing and will be deemed to have been delivered: (i)&nbsp;upon receipt, when delivered personally;
(ii)&nbsp;upon delivery, when sent by facsimile (provided confirmation of transmission is mechanically or electronically generated and
kept on file by the sending party); (iii)&nbsp;upon delivery, when sent by electronic mail; or (iv)&nbsp;one (1)&nbsp;Business Day after
deposit with an overnight courier service, in each case properly addressed to the party to receive the same. The addresses, facsimile
numbers and e-mail addresses for such communications shall be:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">If
to the Company:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">Ritchie
Bros. Auctioneers Incorporated</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">9500
Glenlyon Parkway</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">Burnaby,
British Columbia</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">Canada
V5J0C6</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 1.5in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1in"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">Attention:</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">Ann Fandozzi</FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 2.5in"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">Darren Watt</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
  <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 1.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">E-mail</FONT>:</TD>
  <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"></TD></TR>
</TABLE>


<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
  <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 1.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 1in">&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"></TD></TR>
</TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&#8239;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">with
a copy (for informational purposes only) to:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">Goodwin Procter LLP<BR>
100 Northern Avenue</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">Boston, MA 02210</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
  <TD STYLE="width: 1.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD STYLE="width: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">Attention:</FONT></TD>
  <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Stuart M. Cable</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 2in; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">Lisa
R. Haddad</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 2in; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">Mark
S. Opper</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 2in; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">Jean
A. Lee</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 2in; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">James
P. Barri</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 2in; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">Kim
S. de Glossop</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
  <TD STYLE="width: 1.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD STYLE="width: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">E-mail:</FONT></TD>
  <TD></TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-indent: 1in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">with
a copy (for informational purposes only) to:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">McCarthy T&eacute;trault
LLP<BR>
Suite&nbsp;2400 745 Thurlow Street<BR>
Vancouver, BC V6E 0C5</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
  <TD STYLE="width: 1.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD STYLE="width: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">Attention:</FONT></TD>
  <TD>David Frost</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
  <TD STYLE="width: 1.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD STYLE="width: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">E-mail:</FONT></TD>
  <TD></TD></TR>
</TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">If to a
Buyer, to its address, facsimile number and e-mail address set forth on the Schedule of Buyers, with copies to such Buyer&rsquo;s representatives
as set forth on the Schedule of Buyers,</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">with
a copy (for informational purposes only) to:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">Schulte
Roth&nbsp;&amp; Zabel LLP<BR>
919 Third Avenue<BR>
New York, New York 10022</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
  <TD STYLE="width: 1.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD STYLE="width: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">Telephone:</FONT></TD>
  <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(212) 756-2000</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>


<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
  <TD STYLE="width: 1.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD STYLE="width: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">Facsimile:</FONT></TD>
  <TD><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">(212) 593-5955</FONT></TD></TR>
</TABLE>


<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
  <TD STYLE="width: 1.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD STYLE="width: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">Attention:</FONT></TD>
  <TD>Eleazer N. Klein,&nbsp;Esq.</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
  <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 1.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">E-mail:</FONT></TD>
  <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"></TD></TR>
</TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">or to such
other address, facsimile number and/or e-mail address and/or to the attention of such other Person as the recipient party has specified
by written notice given to each other party five (5)&nbsp;days prior to the effectiveness of such change. Written confirmation of receipt
(A)&nbsp;given by the recipient of such notice, consent, waiver or other communication, (B)&nbsp;mechanically or electronically generated
by the sender&rsquo;s facsimile machine or e-mail containing the time, date, recipient facsimile number or (C)&nbsp;provided by an overnight
courier service shall be rebuttable evidence of personal service, receipt by facsimile or receipt from an overnight courier service in
accordance with clause (i), (ii)&nbsp;or (iii)&nbsp;above, respectively.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(g)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; background-color: white"><U>Successors
and Assigns</U>. This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties and their respective successors and assigns,
including any purchasers of the Purchased Shares. The Company shall not assign this Agreement or any rights or obligations hereunder without
the prior written consent of the Required Holders. No Buyer shall assign this Agreement or any rights or obligations hereunder without
the prior written consent of the Company; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that a Buyer may assign its rights and obligations hereunder,
in whole or in part, to any affiliate of such Buyer without the Company&rsquo;s prior written consent.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(h)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; background-color: white"><U>No
Third Party Beneficiaries</U>. This Agreement is intended for the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective permitted successors
and assigns, and is not for the benefit of, nor may any provision hereof be enforced by, any other Person, except that each Indemnitee
shall have the right to enforce the obligations of the Company with respect to Section&nbsp;10(k).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(i)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; background-color: white"><U>Survival</U>.
Unless this Agreement is terminated under Section&nbsp;8, (A)&nbsp;the representations and warranties of the Company (other than Sections
3(a)-(e), 3(g)-(i), 3(o), 3(w), or 3(aa)-(ee) (collectively, the &ldquo;<B>Fundamental Representations</B>&rdquo;)) contained in Section&nbsp;3
shall survive the Closing until the twelve (12) month anniversary of the Closing, (B)&nbsp;the Fundamental Representations, the Buyers&rsquo;
representations and warranties set forth in Section&nbsp;2 and the Lead Investor&rsquo;s representation and warranty set forth in Section&nbsp;4(f)&nbsp;shall
survive the Closing for a period of five (5)&nbsp;years following the Closing, and (C)&nbsp;the agreements and covenants set forth in
Sections 4, 5, 9 and 10 shall survive the Closing and the delivery and conversion of Securities, as applicable, until fully performed
in accordance with their terms. Each Buyer shall be responsible only for its own representations, warranties, agreements and covenants
hereunder. In the event of termination of this Agreement as provided in Section&nbsp;8, this Agreement shall forthwith become void and
there shall be no liability on the part of either party hereto, except as set forth in Section&nbsp;8 and except that nothing herein shall
relieve either party from liability for any breach of this Agreement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(j)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; background-color: white"><U>Further
Assurances</U>. Each party shall do and perform, or cause to be done and performed, all such further acts and things, and shall execute
and deliver all such other agreements, certificates, instruments and documents, as any other party may reasonably request in order to
carry out the intent and accomplish the purposes of this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(k)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; background-color: white"><U>Indemnification</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(i)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">In
consideration of each Buyer&rsquo;s execution and delivery of the Transaction Documents and acquiring the Securities thereunder and in addition
to all of the Company&rsquo;s other obligations under the Transaction Documents, the Company shall defend, protect, indemnify and hold harmless
each Buyer, such Buyer&rsquo;s direct or indirect affiliates and investment advisors and managers (the &ldquo;<B>Buyer Related Parties</B>&rdquo;),
and all of such Buyer Related Parties&rsquo; respective direct or indirect officers, directors, employees, principals, partners, members, affiliates,
advisors and agents (including, without limitation, those retained in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement)
(collectively, and together with the Buyer Related Parties, the &ldquo;<B>Indemnitees</B>&rdquo;), as incurred and with such Indemnified
Liabilities (as defined below) to be paid by the Company to the Indemnitees as soon as practicable but in any event no later than twenty-five
(25) calendar days after written demand by Indemnitees therefor to the Company, from and against any and all actions, causes of action,
suits, claims (including causes of action, suits or claims asserted directly by or between an Indemnitee and the Company), losses, costs,
penalties, fees, liabilities and damages, and expenses in connection therewith (irrespective of whether any such Indemnitee is a party
to the action for which indemnification hereunder is sought), and including reasonable attorneys&rsquo; fees and disbursements (the &ldquo;<B>Indemnified
Liabilities</B>&rdquo;), incurred by any Indemnitee as a result of, or arising out of, or relating to (a)&nbsp;any misrepresentation or
breach of any representation or warranty made by the Company in the Transaction Documents or any other certificate, instrument or document
contemplated hereby or thereby, provided, that such claim for indemnification is made prior to the expiration of the survival period of
such representation or warranty set forth in Section&nbsp;10(k)(i), (b)&nbsp;any breach of any covenant, agreement or obligation of the
Company contained in the Transaction Documents or any other certificate, instrument or document contemplated hereby or thereby, or (c)&nbsp;any
action, cause of action, suit, claim, proceeding, investigation, subpoena or similar event brought or made against or involving, or served
upon, such Indemnitee by a third party (including for these purposes a derivative action brought on behalf of the Company) and arising
out of or resulting from or related to (i)&nbsp;the investment in the Securities, the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents
or the execution, delivery, performance or enforcement of the Transaction Documents or any other certificate, instrument or document contemplated
hereby or thereby, (ii)&nbsp;any transaction financed or to be financed in whole or in part, directly or indirectly, with the proceeds
of the issuance of the Securities, (iii)&nbsp;the public announcement by the Company of the Transaction Documents and/or the issuance
of the Securities, including any accompanying release of the Company&rsquo;s financial results, (iv)&nbsp;the status of (x)&nbsp;such Indemnitee
or holder of the Securities as an investor in the Company pursuant to the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents or (y)&nbsp;an
officer or director of the Company being a nominee, employee or principal of any Indemnitee or (v)&nbsp;such Indemnitee&rsquo;s, direct or indirect,
support or recommendation of, or solicitation of proxies in connection with, the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement, including,
for the avoidance of doubt, such Indemnitee&rsquo;s status or potential status as a &ldquo;participant&rdquo; in any &ldquo;solicitation&rdquo;
(as such terms are defined in Regulation 14A under the 1934 Act) of proxies in connection therewith, except in the event that such cause
of action, suit or claim is determined by a court of competent jurisdiction in a full and final resolution to be the sole result of the
gross negligence, willful misconduct or fraud by any Buyer. In the event that any Indemnified Liabilities are finally adjudicated to have
been caused by the gross negligence, willful misconduct or fraud by any Buyer, the Indemnitee will promptly reimburse the Company the
amount of such Indemnified Liabilities paid by the Company in accordance with this Section&nbsp;10(k)(i)&nbsp;to the extent attributable
to such gross negligence, willful misconduct or fraud. To the extent that the foregoing undertaking by the Company may be unenforceable
for any reason, the Company shall make the maximum contribution to the payment and satisfaction of each of the Indemnified Liabilities
that is permissible under applicable law. Notwithstanding the foregoing, for the avoidance of doubt, the Company shall not have any indemnification
obligation under this Section&nbsp;9(k)&nbsp;in respect of taxes imposed on or with respect to any Indemnitee by any jurisdiction by reason
of any present or former connection by such Indemnitee with such jurisdiction or amounts that are treated as paid to such Indemnitee pursuant
to Section&nbsp;4(t).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ii)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">A
claim for indemnification for any matter not involving a Third Party Claim (as defined below) may be asserted by written notice to the
party from whom indemnification is sought; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that failure to so notify the indemnitor hereunder (the &ldquo;<B>Indemnifying
Party</B>&rdquo;) shall not preclude the Indemnitee from any indemnification that it may claim in accordance with this Section&nbsp;10(k)&nbsp;unless
and to the extent the Indemnifying Party is materially prejudiced by such failure.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(iii)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">Promptly
after the receipt by an Indemnitee of notice of any action, cause of action, suit, proceeding, claim, investigation, subpoena or similar
event by a third party that an Indemnitee believes in good faith is an indemnifiable claim hereunder (each, a &ldquo;<B>Third Party Claim</B>&rdquo;),
such Indemnitee shall deliver to the Indemnifying Party a written notice of such Third Party Claim (which notice shall include reasonable
detail, to the extent then known, of the basis for the liability and the particular section of the Agreement breached and a copy of all
papers served with respect to such Third Party Claim and any other reasonably necessary documents), and the Indemnifying Party shall have
the right to request to participate in and, with the consent of the Indemnitee (such consent not to be unreasonably withheld, delayed,
or conditioned), to assume control of the defense thereof with counsel selected by Indemnifying Party and reasonably satisfactory to the
Indemnitee; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that an Indemnitee shall have the right to retain its own counsel with the fees and expenses
of not more than one counsel for all such Indemnitees to be paid by the Indemnifying Party, if, in the reasonable opinion of counsel retained
by the Indemnitee, the representation by such counsel of the Indemnitee and the Indemnifying Party would be inappropriate due to (i)&nbsp;actual
conflicts of interests between such Indemnitee and the Indemnifying Party or (ii)&nbsp;the nature of such Third Party Claim. The Indemnitee
shall reasonably cooperate with the Indemnifying Party in connection with any negotiation or defense of any such Third Party Claim by
the Indemnifying Party and shall furnish to the Indemnifying Party all information reasonably requested by the Indemnifying Party which
relates to such Third Party Claim. The Indemnifying Party shall keep the Indemnitee reasonably apprised at all times as to the status
of the defense or any settlement negotiations with respect thereto. No Indemnifying Party shall be liable for any settlement of any action,
claim or proceeding arising out of any Third Party Claim effected without its prior written consent, <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>,
that the Indemnifying Party shall not unreasonably withhold, delay or condition its consent. No Indemnifying Party shall, without the
prior written consent of the Indemnitee, consent to entry of any judgment or enter into any settlement or other compromise which does
not include as an unconditional term thereof the giving by the claimant or plaintiff to such Indemnitee of a release from all liability
in respect to such Third Party Claim and such settlement shall not include any admission as to fault on the part of the Indemnitee. Following
indemnification as provided for hereunder, the Indemnifying Party shall be subrogated to all rights of the Indemnitee with respect to
all third parties, firms or corporations relating to the matter for which indemnification has been made. The failure to deliver written
notice to the Indemnifying Party within a reasonable time shall not relieve such Indemnifying Party of any liability to the Indemnitee
under this Section&nbsp;10(k), except to the extent that the Indemnifying Party is materially prejudiced by such failure. For the avoidance
of doubt, the obligations of the Indemnitee contained in this Section&nbsp;10(k)(iii)&nbsp;shall apply to Third Party Claims only, and
shall not apply to direct claims by or between an Indemnitee and the Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(iv)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Notwithstanding
any other provision of this Agreement, except in the case of fraud, no party shall be liable for any indirect (including lost profit),
exemplary or punitive damages or any other damages to the extent not reasonably foreseeable arising out of or in connection with this
Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby (in each case, unless any such damages are awarded pursuant to a Third Party Claim).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&#8239;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(l)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; background-color: white"><U>No
Strict Construction</U>. The language used in this Agreement will be deemed to be the language chosen by the parties to express their
mutual intent, and no rules&nbsp;of strict construction will be applied against any party.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(m)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; background-color: white"><U>Remedies</U>.
Subject to Section&nbsp;10(k)(iv), each Buyer and each holder of the Securities shall have all rights and remedies set forth in the Transaction
Documents and all rights and remedies which such holders have been granted at any time under any other agreement or contract and all of
the rights which such holders have under any law. Subject to Section&nbsp;10(k)(iv), any Person having any rights under any provision
of this Agreement shall be entitled to enforce such rights specifically (without posting a bond or other security), to recover damages
by reason of any breach of any provision of this Agreement and to exercise all other rights granted by law. Furthermore, the Company and
each Buyer recognizes that in the event that it fails to perform, observe, or discharge any or all of its obligations under the Transaction
Documents, any remedy at law may prove to be inadequate relief to the Buyers or the Company, as applicable. The Company and each Buyer
therefore agrees that the non-breaching party shall be entitled to seek temporary and permanent injunctive relief in any such case without
the necessity of proving actual damages and without posting a bond or other security.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white"><B>[Signature
Pages&nbsp;Follow]</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&#8239;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: white"><B>IN
WITNESS WHEREOF,</B></FONT> <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">each of the parties have caused their respective signature page&nbsp;to
this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed as of the date first written above.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">COMPANY:</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">RITCHIE BROS. AUCTIONEERS INCORPORATED</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">By:</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">/s/ Ann Fandozzi</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 3%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 47%">Name: Ann Fandozzi</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Title: Chief Executive Director</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT><I>[Signature
Page&nbsp;to Securities Purchase Agreement]</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 49 -->
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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: white"><B>IN
WITNESS WHEREOF,</B></FONT> <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">each of the parties have caused their respective signature page&nbsp;to
this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed as of the date first written above.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">BUYERS:</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">STARBOARD VALUE AND OPPORTUNITY FUND LP<FONT STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">,
    as nominee for Starboard Value and Opportunity Master Fund III LP &nbsp;</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: normal 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">By: Starboard Value A LP, its general partner &nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 3%">By:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 47%">/s/ Jeffrey C. Smith</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Name: Jeffrey C. Smith</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Title: Authorized Signatory</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT><I>[Signature
Page&nbsp;to Securities Purchase Agreement]</I></FONT></P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 50 -->
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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: white"><B>IN
WITNESS WHEREOF,</B></FONT> <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">each of the parties have caused their respective signature page&nbsp;to
this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed as of the date first written above.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">BUYERS:</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">STARBOARD INTERMEDIATE FUND LP<FONT STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">,
as nominee for Starboard Value and Opportunity Master Fund III LP</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">By: Starboard
    Value A LP, its general partner</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 3%">By:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 47%">/s/ Jeffrey C. Smith</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Name: Jeffrey C. Smith</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Title: Authorized Signatory</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT><I>[Signature
Page&nbsp;to Securities Purchase Agreement]</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 51 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: white"><B>IN
WITNESS WHEREOF,</B></FONT> <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">each of the parties have caused their respective signature page&nbsp;to
this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed as of the date first written above.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">BUYERS:</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">STARBOARD VALUE AND OPPORTUNITY MASTER FUND L LP</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">By: Starboard Value LP, its investment manager</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 3%">By:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 47%">/s/ Jeffrey C. Smith</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Name: Jeffrey C. Smith</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Title: Authorized Signatory</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT><I>[Signature
Page&nbsp;to Securities Purchase Agreement]</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 52 -->
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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: white"><B>IN
WITNESS WHEREOF,</B></FONT> <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">each of the parties have caused their respective signature page&nbsp;to
this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed as of the date first written above.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">BUYERS:</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-transform: uppercase; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Starboard Value and Opportunity C LP</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">By: Starboard Value R LP, its general partner</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 3%">By:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 47%">/s/ Jeffrey C. Smith</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Name: Jeffrey C. Smith</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Title: Authorized Signatory</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT><I>[Signature
Page&nbsp;to Securities Purchase Agreement]</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 53 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: white"><B>IN
WITNESS WHEREOF,</B></FONT> <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">each of the parties have caused their respective signature page&nbsp;to
this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed as of the date first written above.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">BUYERS:</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="text-transform: uppercase; font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Starboard Value and Opportunity S LLC</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">By: Starboard Value LP, its manager</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 3%">By:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 47%">/s/ Jeffrey C. Smith</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Name: Jeffrey C. Smith</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Title: Authorized Signatory</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT><I>[Signature
Page&nbsp;to Securities Purchase Agreement]</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 54 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: white"><B>IN
WITNESS WHEREOF,</B></FONT> <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">each of the parties have caused their respective signature page&nbsp;to
this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed as of the date first written above.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">BUYERS:</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">STARBOARD VALUE LP<FONT STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">,
    in its capacity as the investment manager of a certain managed account</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">By: Starboard Value GP LLC, its general partner</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 3%">By:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 47%">/s/ Jeffrey C. Smith</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Name: Jeffrey C. Smith</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Title: Authorized Signatory</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT><I>[Signature
Page&nbsp;to Securities Purchase Agreement]</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 55 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><B>IN WITNESS WHEREOF,</B>
each of the parties have caused their respective signature page to this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed as of the date
first written above.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">BUYERS:</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">Starboard X Master
    Fund Ltd.</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">, as nominee for Starboard X Master Fund II LP</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">By: Starboard Value A LP, its general partner</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 3%">By:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 47%">/s/ Jeffrey C. Smith</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Name: Jeffrey C. Smith</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Title: Authorized Signatory</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT><I>[Signature
Page&nbsp;to Securities Purchase Agreement]</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 56 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: white"><B>IN
WITNESS WHEREOF,</B></FONT> <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">each of the parties have caused their respective signature page&nbsp;to
this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed as of the date first written above.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: bold 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">Starboard</FONT> VALUE
    LP<FONT STYLE="font-style: normal; font-weight: normal">, solely with respect to Section&nbsp;9 hereto</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">By: Starboard Value GP LLC, its general partner</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 3%">By:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 47%">/s/ Jeffrey C. Smith</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Name: Jeffrey C. Smith</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Title: Authorized Signatory</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT><I>[Signature
Page&nbsp;to Securities Purchase Agreement]</I></FONT></P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 57 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; background-color: white"><B>IN
WITNESS WHEREOF,</B></FONT> <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">each of the parties have caused their respective signature page&nbsp;to
this Securities Purchase Agreement to be duly executed as of the date first written above.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>JEFFREY C. SMITH</B>, solely with respect to Section&nbsp;9 hereto</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 3%">By:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 47%">/s/ Jeffrey C. Smith</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Name: Jeffrey C. Smith</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT><I>[Signature
Page&nbsp;to Securities Purchase Agreement]</I></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 58 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white"><B>SCHEDULE
OF BUYERS</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 59 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Split-Segment; Name: 3 -->
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white"><B><U>EXHIBITS</U></B></FONT></P>

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<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 10%; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Exhibit&nbsp;A</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 88%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Form&nbsp;of Articles of Amendment</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Exhibit&nbsp;B</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Form&nbsp;of Registration Rights
    Agreement</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Exhibit&nbsp;C</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Form&nbsp;of Joinder</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Exhibit&nbsp;D</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Form&nbsp;of Secretary's Certificate</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Exhibit&nbsp;E</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Form&nbsp;of Officer's Certificate</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Exhibit&nbsp;F</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Form&nbsp;of Confidentiality
    Agreement</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white"><B><U>SCHEDULES</U></B></FONT></P>

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<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font-size: 10pt; border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 15%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Schedule 3(a)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 2%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 73%"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Knowledge</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Schedule 3(d)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">No Conflicts</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Schedule 3(e)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Consents</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Schedule 3(k)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Absence of Certain Changes</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Schedule 3(m)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Conduct of Business</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Schedule 3(n)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Transactions with Affiliates</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Schedule 3(o)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Equity Capitalization</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Schedule 3(q)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Absence of Litigation</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Schedule 3(s)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Employee Relations</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Schedule 3(u)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Intellectual Property Rights</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Schedule 3(x)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Taxes</FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="font-size: 10pt; vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Schedule 5(a)</FONT></TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Transfer Restrictions</FONT></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white"><B><U>EXHIBIT&nbsp;A</U></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white"><B>Form&nbsp;of
Articles of Amendment</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>SCHEDULE TO</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>ARTICLES OF AMENDMENT</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>OF</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>RITCHIE BROS. AUCTIONEERS INCORPORATED</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">(the &quot;<B>Company</B>&quot;)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">The Articles of Amalgamation of the Company, as
amended (the &quot;<B>Articles</B>&quot;), be amended as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">1.</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">to
create a new series of Senior Preferred Shares, designated as Series&nbsp;A Senior Preferred Shares, of which the Company is authorized
to issue 485,000,000 Series&nbsp;A Senior Preferred Shares; and</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">2.</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">to
provide that the rights, privileges, restrictions and conditions attaching to the Series&nbsp;A Senior Preferred Shares are as set out
in Schedule I,</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">with the result that after giving effect to the
foregoing, the authorized capital of the Company will consist of (i)&nbsp;a class of an unlimited number of Common Shares, (ii)&nbsp;a
class of an unlimited number of Preferred Shares designated as Senior Preferred Shares, issuable in series, of which 485,000,000 are designated
as Series&nbsp;A Senior Preferred Shares, and (iii)&nbsp;a class of an unlimited number of Preferred Shares designated as Junior Preferred
Shares, issuable in series.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">SCHEDULE I</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The following is a statement of the rights, privileges, restrictions
and conditions attaching to the Series&nbsp;A Senior Preferred Shares in the capital of the Company.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(1)</B></FONT><B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Designation
and Amount</U>. There shall be a series of Senior Preferred Shares of the Company designated as the &quot;<B>Series&nbsp;A Senior Preferred
Shares</B>&quot; (the &quot;<B>Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares</B>&quot;) and the number of shares constituting such series shall be four
hundred eighty five million (485,000,000) shares (each a &quot;<B>Series&nbsp;A Preferred Share</B>&quot;).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(2)</B></FONT><B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Ranking</U>.
The Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares shall rank, with respect to rights as to dividends, distributions, redemptions and payments upon the
liquidation, dissolution and winding up of the Company (a)&nbsp;senior to all of the Junior Preferred Shares, Common Shares and any other
class or series of capital shares of the Company, hereafter issued or authorized, the terms of which do not expressly provide that such
class or series ranks senior to or on a parity with the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares as to dividends, distributions, redemptions and
payments upon the liquidation, dissolution and winding up of the Company (such shares being referred to hereinafter collectively as &quot;<B>Junior
Shares</B>&quot;), (b)&nbsp;on a parity basis with each other class or series of capital shares hereafter issued or authorized, the terms
of which expressly provide that such class or series ranks on a parity basis with the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares as to dividends,
distributions, redemptions and payments upon the liquidation, dissolution and winding up of the Company (such shares being referred to
hereinafter collectively as &quot;<B>Pari Passu Shares</B>&quot;), and (c)&nbsp;on a junior basis with each other class or series of capital
shares hereafter issued or authorized, the terms of which expressly provide that such class or series ranks on a senior basis to the Series&nbsp;A
Preferred Shares as to dividends, distributions, redemptions and payments upon the liquidation, dissolution and winding up of the Company
(such shares being referred to hereinafter collectively as &quot;<B>Senior Shares</B>&quot;). Notwithstanding anything to the contrary
in these Articles of Amendment (these &quot;<B>Articles of Amendment</B>&quot;), the Company shall have the right to create and issue
Series&nbsp;A-1 Preferred Shares and Series&nbsp;A-2 Preferred Shares (each as defined below) pursuant to <U>Section&nbsp;10</U> without
the consent of the Holders.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(3)</B></FONT><B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>No
Maturity or Sinking Fund</U>. The Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares shall have no stated maturity and will not be subject to any sinking
fund.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(4)</B></FONT><B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Liquidation</U>.
In the event of a Liquidation Event, holders of Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares (each, a &quot;<B>Holder</B>&quot; and collectively, the
 &quot;<B>Holders</B>&quot;) shall be entitled to receive in cash out of the assets of the Company legally available therefor, whether
from capital or from earnings available for distribution to its shareholders (the &quot;<B>Liquidation Funds</B>&quot;) upon such Liquidation
Event, before any amount shall be paid to the holders of Junior Shares, but subject to the rights of Senior Shares and Pari Passu Shares,
an amount per Series&nbsp;A Preferred Share equal to the greater of (i)&nbsp;the Conversion Amount and (ii)&nbsp;the amount that would
have been received had such Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares been converted into Common Shares immediately prior to such Liquidation Event
at the then effective Conversion Rate (without regard to any limitations on conversion); provided that, if the Liquidation Funds are insufficient
to pay the full amount due to the Holders and holders of shares of Pari Passu Shares, if any, then each Holder and each holder of any
such Pari Passu Shares shall receive a percentage of the Liquidation Funds equal to the full amount of Liquidation Funds that would be
payable to such Holder or holder of Pari Passu Shares as a liquidation preference in accordance with their respective rights set out in
the Articles from time to time, as a percentage of the full amount of Liquidation Funds that would be payable to all Holders and holders
of Pari Passu Shares in accordance with their respective rights set out in the Articles from time to time.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(5)</B></FONT><B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Dividends</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Preferential
Dividends</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(i)&nbsp;From and
after the Issuance Date, the Holders of record as they appear on the books of the Company on February&nbsp;15, May&nbsp;15, August&nbsp;15
and November&nbsp;15 of each calendar year following the Issuance Date (each such date, a &quot;<B>Preferential Dividend Record Date</B>&quot;)
shall be entitled to receive, to the fullest extent permitted by law and out of funds lawfully available therefor, before any dividends
shall be declared, set apart for or paid upon the Common Shares or any other Junior Shares, dividends per Series&nbsp;A Preferred Share
on the applicable Preferential Dividend Date (as defined below) in arrears for the previous Calendar Quarter equal to an amount calculated
at 5.50% per annum (the &quot;<B>Preferential Dividend Rate</B>&quot;) on the Issue Price of each such Series&nbsp;A Preferred Share computed
on the basis of a 360-day year and twelve 30-day months (the &quot;<B>Preferential Dividends</B>&quot;). For the avoidance of doubt, the
first Preferential Dividends to be paid by the Company on March&nbsp;15, 2023 shall be prorated for the period starting on the Issuance
Date through such Preferential Dividend Date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(ii)&nbsp;Preferential
Dividends shall be payable on March&nbsp;15, June&nbsp;15, September&nbsp;15 and December&nbsp;15 of each calendar year following the
Issuance Date, or, if any such date falls on a day that is not a Business Day, the next day that is a Business Day (each such date, a
 &quot;<B>Preferential Dividend Date</B>&quot;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(iii)&nbsp;Preferential
Dividends shall be payable on each Preferential Dividend Date, to the Holders of record on the related Preferential Dividend Record Date,
in whole or in part, in cash (&quot;<B>Cash Preferential Dividend</B>&quot;) or, so long as there is no Equity Conditions Failure in respect
of the Preferential Dividend Shares occurring on the applicable Preferential Dividend Date (subject to waiver of any such Equity Conditions
Failure in accordance with clause (v)&nbsp;below) by any Holder with respect to such Holder only, in Common Shares (the &quot;<B>Preferential
Dividend Shares</B>&quot;), at the Company's election.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(iv)&nbsp;The Company
shall give written notice (a &quot;<B>Preferential Dividend Election Notice</B>&quot;) to each Holder on or prior to the fifteenth (15<SUP>th</SUP>)
Trading Day immediately prior to the applicable Preferential Dividend Date (the date such notice is delivered to the Holders, the &quot;<B>Preferential
Dividend Notice Date</B>&quot;) indicating whether it elects to pay Preferential Dividend on any Preferential Dividend Date in Cash Preferential
Dividend, in Preferential Dividend Shares or a combination thereof (and if a combination, the proportion that will be paid in Cash Preferential
Dividend), which election shall be the same for all Holders. If the Company does not give a Preferential Election Notice in respect of
a Preferential Dividend Date in accordance with the immediately preceding sentence, the Company will be deemed to have elected Cash Preferential
Dividend in respect of the Preferential Dividends due on such Preferential Dividend Date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(v)&nbsp;If the
Company elects (or is deemed to have elected by operation of this <U>Section&nbsp;5(a)</U>) the payment of applicable Preferential Dividend
in Preferential Dividend Shares, in whole or in part, in respect of a Preferential Dividend Date, and an Equity Conditions Failure occurs
at any time prior to such Preferential Dividend Date that the Company expects will last through such Preferential Dividend Date (which
is not waived in writing by such Holder), the Company shall provide each Holder a written notice to that effect by no later than the Trading
Day immediately following the date upon which the Company has knowledge of such Equity Conditions Failure, indicating that unless such
Holder waives the Equity Conditions Failure in writing, the applicable portion of Preferential Dividend as to which such Holder did not
waive the Equity Conditions Failure shall be paid as Cash Preferential Dividend.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(vi)&nbsp;If any
portion of Preferential Dividend for a particular Preferential Dividend Date shall be paid in Preferential Dividend Shares, then on the
applicable Preferential Dividend Date, the Company shall issue to the Holder, such number of Common Shares equal to (a)&nbsp;the amount
of Preferential Dividend payable on the applicable Preferential Dividend Date in Preferential Dividend Shares divided by (b)&nbsp;97%
of the simple average of the daily Weighted Average Prices of the Common Shares on each Trading Day during the ten (10)&nbsp;consecutive
Trading Days immediately following the applicable Preferential Dividend Notice Date. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary,
if the price set forth in clause (b)&nbsp;of the immediately preceding sentence is less than US$59.722 (as adjusted for any share dividend,
share split, share combination, reclassification or similar transaction relating to the Common Shares occurring after the Subscription
Date) or less than the minimum price required such that the Common Shares are deemed to be issued at or above the market price or otherwise
not requiring shareholder approval by the Toronto Stock Exchange (or its successor), then the Company shall be required to pay the applicable
Preferential Dividends on the applicable Preferential Dividend Payment Date in cash as a Cash Preferential Dividend. All Preferential
Dividend Shares shall be fully paid and nonassessable Common Shares (rounded in accordance with <U>Section&nbsp;6(b)</U>). By written
notice to all Holders, the Company may irrevocably elect to eliminate its ability to pay Preferential Dividends with Preferential Dividend
Shares (i)&nbsp;unless and until it receives the approval of its shareholders for the issuance of Common Shares in excess of the Exchange
Cap (as defined below) or (ii)&nbsp;subject to no conditions.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Participating
Dividends</U>. From and after the Issuance Date, the Holders on the record date fixed for holders of Common Shares for dividends or distributions
(or, in the event no such date is fixed prior to the Preferential Dividend Record Date, on the Preferential Dividend Record Date) shall
be entitled to receive, to the fullest extent permitted by law and out of funds lawfully available therefor, concurrently with the payment
of regular quarterly cash dividends (or, in the event no such regular quarterly cash dividends are made, on the Preferential Dividend
Date) paid to the holders of Common Shares, the greater of (A)&nbsp;such regular quarterly cash dividends paid to the holders of Common
Shares to the same extent as if such Holders had converted the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares into Common Shares (without regard to any
limitations on conversion) and had held such Common Shares on such record date and (B)&nbsp;US$0.27 (as adjusted for any share dividend,
share split, share combination, reclassification or similar transaction relating to the Common Shares occurring after the Subscription
Date) per Common Share issuable upon conversion of the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares pursuant to <U>Section&nbsp;6(a)</U>&nbsp;on the
applicable record date for payment of such dividend (without regard to any limitations on conversion) (the &quot;<B>Participating Dividends</B>&quot;
and together with the Preferential Dividends, the &quot;<B>Dividends</B>&quot;). For the avoidance of doubt, Holders shall be entitled
to receive to the fullest extent permitted by law and out of funds lawfully available therefor the Participating Dividend set forth in
<U>Section&nbsp;5(b)(B)</U>&nbsp;each Calendar Quarter regardless of whether a regular quarterly cash dividend is declared on the Common
Shares. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth in this <U>Section&nbsp;5(b)</U>, in no event shall the Participating Dividend
include any special cash dividend payable to the holders of Common Shares, including the special cash dividend, if any, to be declared
and paid in connection with the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement (the &quot;<B>IAA Special Dividend</B>&quot;); <U>provided</U>,
<U>however</U>, for the avoidance of doubt, that special cash dividends, including, without limitation, the IAA Special Dividend, shall
adjust the Conversion Rate in accordance with Section&nbsp;7(a)(iii).</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>General</U>.
The Dividends shall be paid by the Company to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law and out of funds lawfully available therefor.&nbsp;
Dividends on the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares shall commence accruing on the Issuance Date, shall be cumulative and shall continue to
accrue without interest whether or not declared and whether or not in any fiscal year there shall be net profits or surplus available
for the payment of Dividends in such fiscal year, so that if in any fiscal year or years, Dividends in whole or in part are not paid upon
the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares as required by this <U>Section&nbsp;5</U> for any reason, including, without limitation, because there
are no funds legally available therefor, unpaid Dividends shall accumulate thereon. If the Company fails to declare and pay full Preferential
Dividends on the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares on any Preferential Dividend Date as provided in this <U>Section&nbsp;5</U>, then any
Preferential Dividends payable on such Preferential Dividend Date on the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares but not paid shall accrue an additional
dividend thereon at a rate equal to the Preferential Dividend Rate, computed on the basis of a 360-day year and twelve 30-day months,
from and including the applicable Preferential Dividend Date to but excluding the day on which the Company shall have paid in accordance
with this <U>Section&nbsp;5</U> all Dividends on which the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares that are then in arrears or until the conversion
or redemption of the applicable Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares. The Company shall not (either directly or through any of its Subsidiaries)
redeem or repurchase any Pari Passu Shares or Junior Shares, unless the Company has declared all Dividends on the Series&nbsp;A Preferred
Shares that have accrued through the Preferential Dividend Record Date immediately preceding the date of such redemption or repurchase
and paid all Dividends on the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares that are payable through the Preferential Dividend Date immediately preceding
the date of such redemption or repurchase other than redemptions or repurchases of (i)&nbsp;Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares, Series&nbsp;A-1
Preferred Shares or Series&nbsp;A-2 Preferred Shares, as applicable, (ii)&nbsp;Junior Shares in the ordinary course of business in connection
with any employment contract, equity incentive plan, benefit plan or other similar arrangement with or for the benefit of current or former
employees, officers, directors or consultants; provided that not more than US$10.0 million is paid by the Company to redeem or repurchase
Junior Shares in accordance with this clause (ii)&nbsp;in any 12 consecutive month period; (iii)&nbsp;Pari Passu Shares or Junior Shares
as a result of an exchange or conversion of any class or series of Pari Passu Shares or Junior Shares for any other class or series of
Pari Passu Shares (in the case of Pari Passu Shares) or Junior Shares (in the case of Pari Passu Shares or Junior Shares); and (iv)&nbsp;fractional
interests in Pari Passu Shares or Junior Shares pursuant to the conversion or exchange provisions of such Pari Passu Shares or Junior
Shares or the security being converted or exchanged.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(6)</B></FONT><B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Conversion
of Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares into Common Shares</U>. Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares shall be convertible into Common Shares on the
terms and conditions set forth in this <U>Section&nbsp;6</U>.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Holder's
Conversion Right</U>. Subject to the provisions of <U>Section&nbsp;6(e)</U>, at any time or times on or after the Issuance Date, any Holder
shall be entitled to convert any Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares into fully paid and nonassessable Common Shares in accordance with this
<U>Section&nbsp;6</U> at the Conversion Rate (as defined below).</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Conversion</U>.
The number of Common Shares issuable upon conversion by a Holder of Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares pursuant to <U>Section&nbsp;6(a)</U>&nbsp;shall
be determined by multiplying (x)&nbsp;the Conversion Amount in respect of the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares converted by such
Holder pursuant to <U>Section&nbsp;6(a)</U>,&nbsp;by (y)&nbsp;the Conversion Rate. In connection with any conversion request, a
Holder must convert at least 1,000 Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares (unless it holds fewer than 1,000 Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares
at the time of such request, in which case, it must convert such number of Series A Preferred Shares held). No fractional Common
Shares are to be issued upon the conversion of any Series&nbsp;A Preferred Share, but rather the number of Common Shares to be
issued shall be rounded down to the nearest whole number and the Company shall in lieu of delivering any fractional Common Share
issuable upon conversion, to the fullest extent permitted by law and out of funds lawfully available therefor, make a cash payment
(calculated to the nearest cent) equal to such fraction multiplied by the Closing Sale Price of the Common Shares on the relevant
Conversion Date without interest. The applicable Conversion Rate is subject to adjustment as hereinafter provided.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Mechanics
of Conversion</U>. The conversion of Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares shall be conducted in the following manner:</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(i)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Holder's
Delivery Requirements</U>. To convert Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares into Common Shares on any date, a Holder shall (A)&nbsp;deliver to
the Company for receipt on or prior to 5:30 p.m., New York City Time, on such date, a copy of a properly completed and duly executed notice
of conversion executed by the registered Holder of the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares subject to such conversion in the form attached
hereto as <U>Exhibit&nbsp;I</U> (a &quot;<B>Conversion Notice</B>&quot;); and (B)&nbsp;deliver to the Company funds for the payment of
any applicable share transfer, documentary, stamp or similar taxes.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ii)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Company's
Response</U>. As soon as practicable after the applicable Conversion Date, but in any event within two (2)&nbsp;Trading Days, the Company
shall (A)&nbsp;provided the Transfer Agent is participating in the Depository Trust Company (&quot;<B>DTC</B>&quot;) Fast Automated Securities
Transfer Program (&quot;<B>FAST Program</B>&quot;) and the Common Shares issuable upon such conversion are DTC eligible and are issuable
without a restricted legend and with an unrestricted CUSIP, as reasonably determined by the Company, credit such aggregate number of Common
Shares to which such Holder shall be entitled to such Holder's or its designee's balance account with DTC through its Deposit/Withdrawal
at Custodian system, or (B)&nbsp;if the Transfer Agent is not participating in the DTC FAST Program or the Common Shares issuable upon
such conversion are not DTC eligible or are not issuable without a restricted legend and with an unrestricted CUSIP, as reasonably determined
by the Company, make a book-entry notation registered in the name of such Holder or its designee, for the number of Common Shares to which
such Holder shall be entitled and deliver to the address as specified in the applicable Conversion Notice any notice required by law.
While any Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares are outstanding, the Company shall use a transfer agent that participates in the FAST Program
or any successor program.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(iii)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Record
Holder</U>. To the fullest extent permitted by law, the Person or Persons entitled to receive the Common Shares issuable upon a
conversion of Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares shall be treated for all purposes as the record holder or holders of such Common Shares
on the applicable Conversion Date or Mandatory Conversion Date (as defined below), as applicable, irrespective of the date such Common Shares are
credited to such Holder's account with DTC or the date of the book-entry notations evidencing such Common Shares, as the case may
be.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(iv)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Company's
Failure to Timely Convert</U>. If a Holder has not received all of the Common Shares to which such Holder is entitled on or within two
(2)&nbsp;Trading Days after the applicable share delivery date with respect to a conversion of Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares for any
reason other such Holder's failure to comply with the conditions set forth herein, then such Holder, upon written notice to the Company, may void its Conversion Notice with respect to, and retain or have returned, as the case may be, any
Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares that have not been converted pursuant to such Holder's Conversion Notice.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)</FONT>&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Mandatory
Conversion at the Company's Election</U>. If at any time, or from time to time, during the applicable Mandatory Conversion Period (i)&nbsp;the
applicable Mandatory Conversion Price Condition is satisfied and (ii)&nbsp;no Equity Conditions Failure exists on the Mandatory Conversion
Date, the Company shall from time to time have the right to require the Holders to convert all, or any portion, of
the outstanding Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares, as designated in the Mandatory Conversion Notice (as defined below) relating to the applicable
Mandatory Conversion on the applicable Mandatory Conversion Date into fully paid, validly issued and nonassessable Common Shares (a &quot;<B>Mandatory
Conversion</B>&quot;). The number of Common Shares issuable to a Holder in connection with a Mandatory Conversion pursuant to this <U>Section&nbsp;6(d)</U>&nbsp;shall
be determined by multiplying (x)&nbsp;the Conversion Amount in respect of the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares of such Holder converted
by the Company pursuant to this <U>Section&nbsp;6(d)</U>&nbsp;by (y)&nbsp;the Conversion Rate as of the applicable Mandatory Conversion
Date. No fractional Common Shares are to be issued upon the Mandatory Conversion of any Series&nbsp;A Preferred Share, but rather the
number of Common Shares to be issued shall be rounded down to the nearest whole number and the Company shall in lieu of delivering any
fractional Common Share issuable upon conversion make, to the fullest extent permitted by law and out of funds lawfully available therefor,
a cash payment (calculated to the nearest cent) equal to such fraction multiplied by the Closing Sale Price of the Common Shares on the
relevant Mandatory Conversion Date without interest. The Company may exercise its right to require conversion under this <U>Section&nbsp;6(d)</U>&nbsp;by
delivering not more than one (1)&nbsp;Trading Day following the end of any such Mandatory Conversion Measuring Period a written notice
thereof to all Holders (a &quot;<B>Mandatory Conversion Notice</B>&quot; and the date the Company delivers such notice to all Holders
is referred to as a &quot;<B>Mandatory Conversion Notice Date</B>&quot;). Each Mandatory Conversion Notice shall be irrevocable. Each
Mandatory Conversion Notice shall (i)&nbsp;state (a)&nbsp;the Trading Day on which the applicable Mandatory Conversion shall occur, which
Trading Day shall be the twentieth (20<SUP>th</SUP>) Trading Day following the applicable Mandatory Conversion Notice Date (unless an
earlier date is agreed to in writing between the Company and a Holder, but only with respect to such Holder) (a &quot;<B>Mandatory Conversion
Date</B>&quot;), (b)&nbsp;the aggregate Conversion Amount of the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares which the Company has elected to be subject
to such Mandatory Conversion from such Holder and all other Holders pursuant to this <U>Section&nbsp;6(d)</U>, (c)&nbsp;the number of
Common Shares to be issued to such Holder on the applicable Mandatory Conversion Date, (d)&nbsp;in the event such Mandatory Conversion
cannot be consummated in full due to the limitations set forth in <U>Section&nbsp;6(e)</U>, state whether the Company shall on the applicable
Mandatory Conversion Date, to the fullest extent permitted by law and out of funds lawfully available therefor, redeem the Series&nbsp;A
Preferred Shares that cannot be converted due to such limitation (such Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares that the Company has elected to
be subject to a Mandatory Conversion but which cannot be so converted due to the limitations set forth in <U>Section&nbsp;6(e)</U>, the
 &quot;<B>Excess Mandatory Conversion Shares</B>&quot;) and (e)&nbsp;state whether the conversion of all or any portion of the Series&nbsp;A
Preferred Shares that the Company has elected to be subject to a Mandatory Conversion will result in the issuance of a greater number
of Common Shares than permitted under <U>Section&nbsp;6(e)(i)</U>, and (ii)&nbsp;certify that the applicable Mandatory Conversion Price
Condition relating to the applicable Mandatory Conversion has been satisfied and that there is no Equity Conditions Failure as of the
Mandatory Conversion Notice Date. If the Company confirmed that there was no such Equity Conditions Failure relating to the applicable
Mandatory Conversion as of the applicable Mandatory Conversion Notice Date but an Equity Conditions Failure occurs at any time between
the applicable Mandatory Conversion Notice Date and the applicable Mandatory Conversion Date (a &quot;<B>Mandatory Conversion Interim
Period</B>&quot;) that the Company expects will last through the applicable Mandatory Conversion Date, the Company shall provide each
Holder a subsequent written notice to that effect. If there is an Equity Conditions Failure on the applicable Mandatory Conversion Date,
then such Mandatory Conversion shall be null and void with respect to all or any part designated by such Holder of the unconverted Series&nbsp;A
Preferred Shares subject to the applicable Mandatory Conversion and such Holder shall be entitled to all the rights of a holder of Series&nbsp;A
Preferred Shares with respect to such Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that if a Holder waives in writing
an Equity Conditions Failure during the applicable Mandatory Conversion Interim Period, then the Company shall be required to proceed
with the applicable Mandatory Conversion with respect to such Holder. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this <U>Section&nbsp;6(d)</U>,
until the applicable Mandatory Conversion has occurred, the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares subject to the Mandatory Conversion may be
converted, in whole or in part, by a Holder into Common Shares pursuant to <U>Sections&nbsp;6(a)-(c)</U>. All Series&nbsp;A Preferred
Shares converted by a Holder after a Mandatory Conversion Notice Date shall reduce the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares required to be converted
on the related Mandatory Conversion Date. If a Mandatory Conversion cannot be consummated in full due to the limitations set forth in
<U>Section&nbsp;6(e)</U>, then (i)&nbsp;on the applicable Mandatory Conversation Date, only that portion of the applicable Mandatory Conversion
that complies with the limitations set forth in <U>Section&nbsp;6(e)</U>&nbsp;shall occur, (ii)&nbsp;unless the Company has indicated
in the applicable Mandatory Conversion Notice that it shall redeem the applicable Excess Mandatory Conversion Shares on the applicable
Mandatory Conversion Date, such Holder must promptly deliver one or more Conversion Notice(s)&nbsp;to the Company upon disposition of
any securities of the Company that would permit the conversion of any portion of such Excess Mandatory Conversion Shares and (iii)&nbsp;notwithstanding
anything herein to the contrary, Preferential Dividends with respect to the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares which the Company has elected
to be subject to such Mandatory Conversion shall cease to accrue and be payable as of the applicable Mandatory Conversion Date and all
approval, consent or voting rights and any right to a Make-Whole Amount shall cease with respect to the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares
not able to be so converted. If a Mandatory Conversion consummated in full would violate the limitations set forth in (i)&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;6(e)(ii)</U>,
the Company may indicate in the related Mandatory Conversion Notice that it shall redeem, to the fullest extent permitted by law and out
of funds lawfully available therefor, the Excess Mandatory Conversion Shares on the applicable Mandatory Conversion Date in cash, without
interest, at a price equal to the greater of (x)&nbsp;100% of the Conversion Amount in respect of the applicable Excess Mandatory Conversion
Shares and (y)&nbsp;the product of (1)&nbsp;the Conversion Amount of the applicable Excess Mandatory Conversion Shares and (2)&nbsp;the
quotient determined by dividing (A)&nbsp;the greatest Closing Sale Price of the Common Shares during the period beginning on the Trading
Day immediately preceding the applicable Mandatory Conversion Notice Date and ending on the Trading Day immediately preceding the applicable
Mandatory Conversion Date, by (B)&nbsp;the lowest Conversion Price in effect during such period referred to in the immediately preceding
clause (y)(2)(A)&nbsp;or (ii)&nbsp;<U>Section&nbsp;6(e)(i)</U>, the Company shall indicate in the related Mandatory Conversion Notice
that it shall redeem the portion of the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares that is subject to a Mandatory Conversion that cannot be converted
due to the limitations set forth in <U>Section&nbsp;6(e)(i)</U>&nbsp;on the applicable Mandatory Conversion Date in cash, without interest,
at a price per Common Share that the Company is prohibited from issuing pursuant to <U>Section&nbsp;6(e)(i)</U>&nbsp;equal to the amount
set forth in the last sentence of <U>Section&nbsp;6(e)(i)</U>. If the Company elects to cause a Mandatory Conversion pursuant to this
<U>Section&nbsp;6(d)</U>, then it must simultaneously take the same action in the same proportion with respect to all Series&nbsp;A Preferred
Shares to the extent practicable or, if the pro rata basis is not practicable for any reason, by lot or such other equitable method as
the Company determines in good faith. On the Mandatory Conversion Date, each Series&nbsp;A Preferred Share to be converted pursuant to
such Mandatory Conversion shall automatically be converted into fully paid, validly issued, nonassessable Common Shares as described above
without any further act or deed on the part of the Company, any Holder or any other Person.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(e)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Limitation
on Conversions</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(i)&nbsp;<U>Principal
Market Regulation</U>. The Company shall not be obligated to issue any Common Shares pursuant to the terms of these Articles of
Amendment, and the Holders shall not have the right to receive any Common Shares pursuant to the terms of these Articles of
Amendment, to the extent the issuance of such Common Shares would exceed 22,165,789 Common Shares (as adjusted for any share
dividend, share split, share combination, reclassification or similar transaction relating to the Common Shares occurring after the
Subscription Date) (the &quot;<B>Exchange Cap</B>&quot;), except that such limitation shall not apply in the event that the Company
obtains the approval of its shareholders as required by the applicable rules&nbsp;of the Principal Market and the Toronto Stock
Exchange (or its successor), as applicable, for issuances of Common Shares in excess of such amount or if the Principal Market and
the Toronto Stock Exchange (or its successor), as applicable, allows for a greater number of Common Shares to be issued pursuant to
these Articles of Amendment. Until such approval is obtained, no Holder shall be issued in the aggregate, pursuant to the terms of
these Articles of Amendment, Common Shares in an amount greater than the product of the Exchange Cap multiplied by a
fraction, the numerator of which is the number of Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares issued to such initial Holder pursuant to the Securities
Purchase Agreement on the Issuance Date and the denominator of which is the aggregate number of all Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares
issued to the initial Holders pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement on the Issuance Date (with respect to each such Holder,
the &quot;<B>Exchange Cap Allocation</B>&quot;). In the event that any Holder shall sell or otherwise transfer any of such Holder's
Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares, the transferee shall be allocated a pro rata portion of such Holder's Exchange Cap Allocation, and
the restrictions of the prior sentence shall apply to such transferee with respect to the portion of the Exchange Cap Allocation
allocated to such transferee. In the event that any Holder shall have converted any of such Holder's Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares
into a number of Common Shares which, in the aggregate, is less than such Holder's Exchange Cap Allocation, then the difference
between such Holder's Exchange Cap Allocation and the number of Common Shares actually issued to such Holder shall be allocated to
the respective Exchange Cap Allocations of the remaining Holders on a pro rata basis in proportion to the Common Shares underlying
the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares then held by each such Holder. In the event that the Company is prohibited from issuing any
Common Shares in connection with a conversion of Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares pursuant to <U>Section&nbsp;6(a)</U>&nbsp;or <U>Section&nbsp;6(d)</U>&nbsp;or
in respect of Preferential Dividend Shares as a result of the operation of this <U>Section&nbsp;6(e)(i)</U>&nbsp;(the
 &quot;<B>Exchange Cap Shares</B>&quot;), the Company shall, to the fullest extent permitted by law and out of funds lawfully
available therefor, pay cash on or prior to the applicable </FONT>share delivery date to such Holder in exchange for the redemption
of such number of Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares held by the Holder that are not convertible into such Exchange Cap Shares at a
price equal to the product of (x)&nbsp;such number of Exchange Cap Shares and (y)&nbsp;the Closing Sale Price of the Common Shares
on the applicable Conversion Date or Mandatory Conversion Date, as the case may be, except that if the Exchange Cap Shares are
Preferential Dividend Shares, the Company shall instead pay to such Holder Cash Preferential Dividends on the applicable
Preferential Dividend Date in accordance with Section&nbsp;5.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(ii)&nbsp;<U>HSR
Cap</U>. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, until the HSR Date the Company shall not effect the conversion of
any portion of Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares held by an HSR Holder in excess of the HSR Amount, and no HSR Holder shall have the right
to convert any portion of its Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares in excess of the HSR Amount pursuant to the terms and conditions of these
Articles of Amendment and any such conversion shall be null and void and treated as if never made.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(f)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Transfer
Taxes</U>. The Company shall not be required to pay any documentary stamp or similar tax that may be payable in respect of the issuance,
delivery, payment or other transfer of Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares, Common Shares or other securities, and shall not be required to
make any such issuance, delivery, payment or other transfer unless and until the Person entitled to such issuance, delivery, payment or
other transfer or any other Person liable for such tax has paid to the Company the amount of any such tax or has established, to the reasonable
satisfaction of the Company (as determined in its reasonable discretion), that such tax has been paid or is not payable.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(7)</B></FONT><B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Adjustments
to Conversion Rate</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Adjustments</U>.
The Conversion Rate will be subject to adjustment, without duplication, upon the occurrence of the following events, except that the Company
shall not make any adjustment to the Conversion Rate if each Holder of the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares participates, at the same time
and upon the same terms as holders of Common Shares and solely as a result of holding Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares, in any transaction
described in this <U>Section&nbsp;7(a)</U>, without having to convert its Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares, as if it held a number of Common
Shares equal to (x)&nbsp;the Conversion Rate, multiplied by (y)&nbsp;the Conversion Amount of Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares held by such
Holder (without regard to any limitations on conversion):</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000">(i)</FONT><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The
exclusive issuance of Common Shares as a dividend or distribution on all or substantially all of the Common Shares, or a subdivision or
combination of Common Shares or a reclassification of Common Shares into a greater or lesser number of Common Shares, in which event the
Conversion Rate shall be adjusted based on the following formula:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 2in; text-indent: 0.5in">CR1 = CR0 x (OS1 / OS0)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 2in; text-align: justify">CR0 = the Conversion Rate in effect immediately
prior to the open of business on (i)&nbsp;the Ex-Dividend Date for such dividend or distribution, or (ii)&nbsp;the effective date of such
subdivision, combination or reclassification</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 2in; text-align: justify">CR1 = the new Conversion Rate in effect
immediately after the open of business on (i)&nbsp;the Ex-Dividend Date for such dividend or distribution, or (ii)&nbsp;the effective
date of such subdivision, combination or reclassification</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 2in; text-align: justify">OS0 = the number of Common Shares outstanding
immediately prior to the open of business on (i)&nbsp;the Ex-Dividend Date for such dividend or distribution or (ii)&nbsp;the effective
date of such subdivision, combination or reclassification</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 2in; text-align: justify">OS1 = the number of Common Shares outstanding
immediately after, and solely as a result of, the completion of such event</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Any adjustment made
pursuant to this clause&nbsp;(i)&nbsp;shall be effective immediately after the open of business on the Ex-Dividend Date for such dividend
or distribution, or the effective date of such subdivision, combination or reclassification, as applicable. If any such event is announced
or declared but does not occur, the Conversion Rate shall be readjusted, effective as of the date the Company announces that such event
shall not occur, to the Conversion Rate that would then be in effect if such event had not been declared.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000">(ii)</FONT><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The
dividend, distribution or other issuance to all or substantially all holders of Common Shares of rights (other than rights, options or
warrants distributed in connection with a shareholder rights plan (in which event the provisions of <U>Section&nbsp;7(a)(vi)</U>&nbsp;shall
apply)), options or warrants entitling them to subscribe for or purchase Common Shares for a period expiring forty-five (45)&nbsp;days
or less from the date of issuance thereof, at a price per share that is less than the Current Market Price as of the date such dividend,
distribution or other issuance is publicly announced (the &quot;<B>Public Announcement Date</B>&quot;) for such issuance, in which event
the Conversion Rate will be increased based on the following formula:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 2in; text-indent: 0.5in">CR1 = CR0 x [(OS0+X) / (OS0+Y)]</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 2in; text-align: justify">CR0 = the Conversion Rate in effect immediately
prior to the open of business on the Ex-Dividend Date for such dividend, distribution or issuance</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 2in; text-align: justify">CR1 = the new Conversion Rate in effect
immediately following the open of business on the Ex-Dividend Date for such dividend, distribution or issuance</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 2in; text-align: justify">OS0 = the number of Common Shares outstanding
immediately prior to the open of business on the Ex-Dividend Date for such dividend, distribution or issuance</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 2in; text-align: justify">X = the total number of Common Shares
issuable pursuant to such rights, options or warrants</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 2in; text-align: justify">Y = the number of Common Shares equal
to the aggregate price payable to exercise such rights, options or warrants divided by the Current Market Price as of the Public Announcement
Date for such dividend, distribution or issuance</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">For purposes of
this clause&nbsp;(ii), in determining whether any rights, options or warrants entitle the holders to purchase the Common Shares at a price
per share that is less than the Current Market Price as of the Public Announcement Date for such dividend, distribution or issuance, there
shall be taken into account any consideration the Company receives for such rights, options or warrants, and any amount payable on exercise
thereof, with the value of such consideration, if other than cash, to be the Fair Market Value thereof.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Any adjustment made
pursuant to this clause&nbsp;(ii)&nbsp;shall become effective immediately following the open of business on the Ex-Dividend Date for such
dividend, distribution or issuance. In the event that such rights, options or warrants are not so issued, the Conversion Rate shall be
readjusted, effective as of the date the Company publicly announces its decision not to issue such rights, options or warrants, to the
Conversion Rate that would then be in effect if such dividend, distribution or issuance had not been declared. To the extent that such
rights, options or warrants are not exercised prior to their expiration or Common Shares are otherwise not delivered pursuant to such
rights, options or warrants upon the exercise of such rights, options or warrants, the Conversion Rate shall be readjusted to the Conversion
Rate that would then be in effect had the adjustments made upon the dividend, distribution or issuance of such rights, options or warrants
been made on the basis of the delivery of only the number of Common Shares actually delivered.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000">(iii)</FONT><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The
distribution by the Company to all or substantially all holders of its Common Shares (other than for cash in lieu of fractional shares),
shares of any class of its share capital, evidences of its indebtedness, assets, other property, securities or special cash dividends
(including, without limitation, the IAA Special Dividend, but excluding (A)&nbsp;regular quarterly cash dividends that are Participating
Dividends in accordance with <U>Section&nbsp;5(b)</U>), (B)&nbsp;dividends or distributions referred to in <U>Section&nbsp;7(a)(i)</U>&nbsp;or
<U>Section&nbsp;7(a)(ii)</U>&nbsp;hereof, (C)&nbsp;Distribution Transactions as to which <U>Section&nbsp;7(a)(iv)</U>&nbsp;shall apply,
(D)&nbsp;rights, options or warrants distributed in connection with a shareholder rights plan as to which <U>Section&nbsp;7(a)(v)&nbsp;</U>
shall apply and (E)&nbsp;distributions of Reference Property in a Corporate Event described in <U>Section&nbsp;9(c)</U>&nbsp;hereof) (any
of such shares of its share capital, indebtedness, assets, property, securities or special cash dividends that are not so excluded are
hereinafter called the &quot;<B>Distributed Property</B>&quot;), then, in each such case the Conversion Rate shall be adjusted based on
the following formula:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 2in; text-indent: 0.5in">CR1 = CR0 x [SP0 / (SP0 - FMV)]</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 2in; text-align: justify">CR0 = the Conversion Rate in effect immediately
prior to the open of business on the Ex-Dividend Date for such dividend or distribution</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 2in; text-align: justify">CR1 = the new Conversion Rate in effect
immediately after the open of business on the Ex-Dividend Date for such dividend or distribution</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 2in; text-align: justify">SP0 = the Current Market Price as of the
Ex-Dividend Date for such dividend or distribution</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 2in; text-align: justify">FMV = the Fair Market Value of the portion
of Distributed Property distributed with respect to each outstanding Common Share on the Ex-Dividend Date for such dividend or distribution;
provided that in the event of a dividend or distribution of cash, FMV shall equal the amount in cash per Common Share the Company distributes
to all or substantially all holders of its Common Shares; provided further that, if FMV is equal or greater than SP0, then in lieu of
the foregoing adjustment, the Company shall distribute to each Holder of Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares on the date the applicable Distributed
Property is distributed to holders of Common Shares, but without requiring such Holder to convert its Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares,
in respect of each Series&nbsp;A Preferred Share held by such Holder, the amount of Distributed Property such holder would have received
had such holder owned a number of Common Shares equal to the Conversion Rate on the Ex-Dividend Date for such dividend or distribution</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Any adjustment made
pursuant to this clause&nbsp;(iii)&nbsp;shall be effective immediately after the open of business on the Ex-Dividend Date for such dividend
or distribution. If any such dividend or distribution is declared but does not occur, the Conversion Rate shall be readjusted, effective
as of the date the Company announces that such dividend or distribution shall not occur, to the Conversion Rate that would then be in
effect if such dividend or distribution had not been declared.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000">(iv)</FONT><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The
Company effects a Distribution Transaction, in which case the Conversion Rate shall be increased based on the following formula:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 2in; text-indent: 0.5in">CR1 = CR0 x [(FMV + MP0) / MP0]</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 2in; text-align: justify">CR0 = the Conversion Rate in effect immediately
prior to the end of the Valuation Period (as defined below)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 2in; text-align: justify">CR1 = the new Conversion Rate in effect
immediately after the end of the Valuation Period</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 2in; text-align: justify">FMV = the arithmetic average of the Weighted
Average Prices for a common share or similar equity interest distributed per Common Share to holders of Common Shares over the first ten
(10)&nbsp;consecutive Trading Day period after, and including, the Ex-Dividend Date for the Distribution Transaction (the &quot;<B>Valuation
Period</B>&quot;); provided that, if there is no Weighted Average Price of the common share or similar equity interest distributed to
holders of the Common Shares on such Ex-Dividend Date, the &quot;Valuation Period&quot; shall be the ten (10)&nbsp;consecutive Trading
Day period after, and including, the first Trading Day such Weighted Average Price is available</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 2in; text-align: justify">MP0 = the arithmetic average of the Weighted
Average Price per Common Share over the Valuation Period</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Such
adjustment shall become effective immediately following the close of business on the last Trading Day of the Valuation Period. If an adjustment
to the Conversion Rate is required under this <U>Section&nbsp;7(a)(iv)</U>, delivery of any additional Common Shares that may be deliverable
upon conversion as a result of an adjustment required under this <U>Section&nbsp;7(a)(iv)</U>&nbsp;shall be delayed to the extent necessary
in order to complete the calculations provided for in this&nbsp;<U>Section</U></FONT><U>&nbsp;7(a)(iv)</U>. If any Distribution Transaction
is declared but not so paid or made, the Conversion Rate shall be immediately decreased, effective as of the date the Board of Directors
of the Company (the &quot;<B>Board</B>&quot;) determines not to pay or make such dividend or distribution, to the Conversion Rate that
would then be in effect if such dividend or distribution had not been declared or announced.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000">(v)</FONT><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">If
the Company or any of its Subsidiaries make a payment in respect of a tender or exchange offer for the Common Shares that is subject to
the then applicable tender offer rules&nbsp;under the Exchange Act, other than an odd lot tender offer pursuant to Rule&nbsp;13e-4(h)(5)&nbsp;under
the Exchange Act, to the extent that the cash and value of any other consideration included in the payment per Common Share exceeds the
average of the Weighted Average Prices of the Common Shares over the ten (10)&nbsp;consecutive Trading Day period commencing on, and including,
the Trading Day next succeeding the last date on which tenders or exchanges may be made pursuant to such tender or exchange offer, the
Conversion Rate shall be increased based on the following formula:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 2in; text-indent: 0.5in">CR1 = CR0 x [AC+(SP1 x OS1)] / (OS0 x SP1)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 2in; text-align: justify">CR0 = the Conversion Rate in effect immediately
prior to the close of business on the 10th Trading Day immediately following, and including, the Trading Day next succeeding the date
such tender or exchange offer expires</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 2in; text-align: justify">CR1 = the Conversion Rate in effect immediately
after the close of business on the 10th Trading Day immediately following, and including, the Trading Day next succeeding the date such
tender or exchange offer expires</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 2in; text-align: justify">AC = the aggregate value of all cash and
any other consideration (as determined by the Company) paid or payable for Common Shares purchased in such tender or exchange offer</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 2in; text-align: justify">OS0 = the number of Common Shares outstanding
immediately prior to the date such tender or exchange offer expires (prior to giving effect to the purchase of all Common Shares accepted
for purchase or exchange in such tender or exchange offer)</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 2in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">OS1
=</FONT>&#9;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">the number of Common Shares outstanding immediately after the
date such tender or exchange offer expires (after giving effect to the purchase of all Common Shares accepted for purchase or exchange
in such tender or exchange offer)</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 2in; text-align: justify">SP1 = the average of the Weighted Average
Prices of the Common Shares over the 10 consecutive Trading Day period commencing on, and including, the Trading Day next succeeding the
date such tender or exchange offer expires</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">The adjustment to
the Conversion Rate under this <U>Section&nbsp;7(a)(v)</U>&nbsp;shall occur at the close of business on the 10th Trading Day immediately
following, and including, the Trading Day next succeeding the date such tender or exchange offer expires. If an adjustment to the Conversion
Rate is required under this <U>Section&nbsp;7(a)(v)</U>, delivery of any additional Common Shares that may be deliverable upon conversion
as a result of an adjustment required under this <U>Section&nbsp;7(a)(v)</U>&nbsp;shall be delayed to the extent necessary in order to
complete the calculations provided for in this <U>Section&nbsp;7(a)(v)</U>. If the Company or one of its Subsidiaries is obligated to
purchase Common Shares pursuant to any such tender or exchange offer described in the preceding paragraph but the Company is, or such
Subsidiary is, permanently prevented by applicable law from effecting any such purchase or all such purchases are rescinded, the Conversion
Rate will be decreased to be the Conversion Rate that would then be in effect if such tender or exchange offer had not been made or had
been made only in respect of the purchases that have been effected.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000">(vi)</FONT><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">If
the Company has a shareholder rights plan in effect with respect to the Common Shares on any Conversion Date or Mandatory Conversion Date,
upon conversion of any of the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares, Holders of such shares will receive, in addition to the applicable number
of Common Shares, the rights under such rights plan relating to such Common Shares, unless, prior to such Conversion Date, the rights
have (A)&nbsp;become exercisable or (B)&nbsp;separated from the Common Shares (the first of such events to occur, a &quot;<B>Trigger Event</B>&quot;),
in which case, the Conversion Rate will be adjusted, effective automatically at the time of such Trigger Event, as if the Company had
made a distribution of such rights to all holders of the Common Shares as described in <U>Section&nbsp;7(a)(ii)</U>&nbsp;(without giving
effect to the forty-five (45)&nbsp;day limit on the exercisability of rights, options or warrants ordinarily subject to such <U>Section&nbsp;7(a)(ii)</U>),
subject to appropriate readjustment in the event of the expiration, termination or redemption of such rights prior to the exercise, deemed
exercise or exchange thereof. Notwithstanding the foregoing, to the extent any such shareholder rights are exchanged by the Company for
Common Shares or other property or securities, the Conversion Rate shall be appropriately readjusted as if such shareholder rights had
not been issued, but the Company had instead issued such Common Shares or other property or securities as a dividend or distribution of
Common Shares pursuant to <U>Section&nbsp;7(a)(i)</U>&nbsp;or <U>Section&nbsp;7(a)(iii)</U>, as applicable.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">To the extent that
such rights are not exercised prior to their expiration, termination or redemption, the Conversion Rate shall be readjusted to the Conversion
Rate that would then be in effect had the adjustments made upon the occurrence of the Trigger Event been made on the basis of the issuance
of, and the receipt of the exercise price with respect to, only the number of Common Shares actually issued pursuant to such rights.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">Notwithstanding
anything to the contrary in this <U>Section&nbsp;7(a)(vi)</U>, no adjustment shall be required to be made to the Conversion Rate with respect
to any Holder which is, or is an &quot;affiliate&quot; or &quot;associate&quot; of, an &quot;acquiring person&quot; (or analogous term)
under such shareholder rights plan or with respect to any direct or indirect transferee of such Holder who receives Series&nbsp;A Preferred
Shares in such transfer after the time such Holder becomes, or its affiliate or associate becomes, an &quot;acquiring person&quot; (or
analogous term).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Calculation
of Adjustments</U>. All adjustments to the Conversion Rate shall be calculated by the Company to the nearest 1/10,000,000th&nbsp;of one
Common Share (or if there is not a nearest 1/10,000,000th&nbsp;of a share, to the next lower 1/10,000,000th&nbsp;of a share). No adjustment
to the Conversion Rate will be required unless such adjustment would require an increase or decrease of at least one percent of the Conversion
Rate; provided, however, that any such adjustment that is not required to be made will be carried forward and taken into account in any
subsequent adjustment; provided further that any such adjustment of less than one percent that has not been made will be made upon any
conversion.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>When
No Adjustment Required</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000">(i)</FONT><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Except
as otherwise provided in this <U>Section&nbsp;7</U>, the Conversion Rate will not be adjusted for the issuance of Common Shares or any
securities convertible into or exchangeable for Common Shares or carrying the right to purchase any of the foregoing, or for the repurchase
of Common Shares.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000">(ii)</FONT><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Except
as otherwise provided in this <U>Section&nbsp;7</U>, the Conversion Rate will not be adjusted as a result of the issuance of, the distribution
of separate certificates representing, the exercise or redemption of, or the termination or invalidation of, rights pursuant to any shareholder
rights plans.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000">(iii)</FONT><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">No
adjustment to the Conversion Rate will be made:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 2in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(A)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">upon
the issuance of any Common Shares pursuant to any present or future plan providing for the reinvestment of dividends or interest payable
on securities of the Company and the investment of additional optional amounts in Common Shares under any plan in which purchases are
made at market prices on the date or dates of purchase, without discount, and whether or not the Company bears the ordinary costs of administration
and operation of the plan, including brokerage commissions;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 2in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(B)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">upon
the issuance of any Common Shares or options or rights to purchase such shares pursuant to any present or future employee, director or
officer benefit or equity incentive arrangement, plan or program of or assumed by the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or of any employee
agreements or arrangements or programs;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 2in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(C)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">except
as otherwise provided in this <U>Section&nbsp;7</U> upon the issuance of any Common Shares pursuant to any option, warrant, right, or
exercisable, exchangeable or any shares or securities directly or indirectly convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common
Shares;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 2in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(D)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">for
dividends or distributions declared or paid to holders of Common Shares in which Holders participate pursuant to <U>Section&nbsp;5</U>;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 2in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(E)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">for
a third-party tender offer or exchange offer by any party other than a tender offer or exchange offer by one or more of the Company&rsquo;s
Subsidiaries as described in <U>Section&nbsp;7(a)(v)</U>; or</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 2in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(F)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">for
any accrued and unpaid dividends (in accordance with <U>Section&nbsp;5(c)</U>) or Dividends.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Successive
Adjustments</U>. After an adjustment to the Conversion Rate under this <U>Section&nbsp;7</U>, any subsequent event requiring an adjustment
under this <U>Section&nbsp;7</U> shall cause an adjustment to each such Conversion Rate as so adjusted.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(e)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Multiple
Adjustments</U>. For the avoidance of doubt, if an event occurs that would trigger an adjustment to the Conversion Rate pursuant to this
<U>Section&nbsp;7</U> under more than one subsection hereof, such event, to the extent fully taken into account in a single adjustment,
shall not result in multiple adjustments hereunder; provided, however, that if more than one subsection of this <U>Section&nbsp;7</U>
is applicable to a single event, the subsection shall be applied that produces the highest adjusted Conversion Rate.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; color: #010000">(f)</FONT><FONT STYLE="color: #010000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Notice
of Adjustments</U>. Whenever the Conversion Rate is adjusted as provided under this <U>Section&nbsp;7</U>, the Company shall as soon as
reasonably practicable following the occurrence of an event that requires such adjustment (or if the Company is not aware of such occurrence,
as soon as reasonably practicable after becoming so aware) compute the adjusted applicable Conversion Rate in accordance with this <U>Section&nbsp;7</U>
and prepare and transmit to the Holders and if the Transfer Agent maintains the register and records pursuant to <U>Section&nbsp;17</U>,
the Transfer Agent a certificate of an authorized officer of the Company (an &quot;<B>Officer's Certificate</B>&quot;) setting forth the
applicable Conversion Rate, the method of calculation thereof, and the facts requiring such adjustment and upon which such adjustment
is based.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(g)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Transfer
Agent</U>. The Transfer Agent shall not at any time be under any duty or responsibility to any Holder to determine whether any facts exist
that may require any adjustment of the Conversion Rate or with respect to the nature or extent or calculation of any such adjustment when
made, or with respect to the method employed in making the same. The Transfer Agent shall be fully authorized and protected in relying
on any Officer's Certificate delivered pursuant to <U>Section&nbsp;7(f)</U>&nbsp;and any adjustment contained therein and the Transfer
Agent shall not be deemed to have knowledge of any adjustment unless and until it has received such certificate. The Transfer Agent shall
not be responsible for any failure of the Company to issue, transfer or deliver any Common Shares pursuant to the conversion of Series&nbsp;A
Preferred Shares or to comply with any of the duties, responsibilities or covenants of the Company contained in this <U>Section&nbsp;7</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(8)</B></FONT><B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Offer
To Repurchase</U>. If, at any time while any Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares remain outstanding, the Company redeems or repurchases
any of its Common Shares, Junior Shares, options or warrants that are convertible, exchangeable or exercisable for Common Shares
after it has redeemed or repurchased from and after the Subscription Date an aggregate of US$2.0 billion of Common Shares (and/or
Common Shares underlying any Junior Shares, options or warrants that are convertible, exchangeable or exercisable for Common Shares)
(an &quot;<B>Offer to Repurchase Event</B>&quot;), the Company shall deliver a written notice thereof (an &quot;<B>Offer to
Repurchase Notice</B>&quot;) no later than five (5)&nbsp;Business Days following the end of the Calendar Quarter during which one or
more Offer to Repurchase Events occurred to all, but not less than all, of the Holders (the date the Company delivers such notice to
all Holders is referred to as an &quot;<B>Offer to Repurchase Notice Date</B>&quot;) and offer to repurchase (an &quot;<B>Offer to
Repurchase</B>&quot;) from each Holder a number of such Holder's Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares equal to no less than such Holder's
Offer to Repurchase Pro Rata Portion of the Offer to Repurchase Percentage of the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares then issued and
outstanding (such number of Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares, the &quot;<B>Offer to Repurchase Shares</B>&quot;). An Offer to
Repurchase shall offer to redeem each such Offer to Repurchase Share for cash at a price equal to the applicable Offer to Repurchase
Price. Within twenty (20) Business Days after the receipt by the Holder of an Offer to Repurchase Notice, each Holder may require
the Company to redeem to the fullest extent permitted by law and out of funds lawfully available therefor, at the Offer to
Repurchase Price, up to the amount of such Holder's Offer to Repurchase Shares by delivering written notice thereof (an
 &quot;<B>Acceptance Notice</B>&quot;) to the Company which Acceptance Notice shall indicate the number of Offer to Repurchase Shares
that such Holder is electing to redeem and the wire instructions for the payment of the applicable Offer to Repurchase Price to such
Holder. Each Offer to Repurchase shall occur on the thirtieth (30th) Business Day following the end of the Calendar Quarter during
which one more Offers to Repurchase giving rise to the applicable Offer to Repurchase occurred (an &quot;<B>Offer to Repurchase
Date</B>&quot;). Each Offer to Repurchase Notice shall (A)&nbsp;describe the applicable Offer to Repurchase Event, including,
without limitation, the calculation of the Offer to Repurchase Pro Rata Portion, the Offer to Repurchase Percentage and the Offer to
Repurchase Price and (B)&nbsp;state the maximum Offer to Repurchase Price to be paid to such Holder on such Offer to Repurchase
Date. On the applicable Offer to Repurchase Date the Company shall deliver or shall cause to be delivered to the Holder to the
fullest extent permitted by law and out of funds lawfully available therefor the Offer to Repurchase Price in cash by wire transfer
of immediately available funds pursuant to wire instructions provided by the Holder in writing to the Company in its Acceptance
Notice. Unless otherwise indicated in a Conversion Notice, all Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares converted by the Holder after the
Offer to Repurchase Notice Date shall reduce the Holder's right to require redemption of the Holder's Offer to Repurchase Shares on
a one-for-one basis.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(9)</B></FONT><B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Change
of Control Redemption Rights</U>.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Holders'
Change of Control Redemption Right</U>. No later than ten (10)&nbsp;days prior to the consummation of a Change of Control, or, if
not practicable as promptly as reasonably practicable after the Company is aware of such Change of Control, the Company shall
deliver written notice thereof to the Holders (a &quot;<B>Change of Control Notice</B>&quot;) setting forth a description of such
transaction in reasonable detail and the anticipated Change of Control Redemption Date (as defined below) if then known. At any time
during the period beginning after a Holder's receipt of a Change of Control Notice and ending on the date that is twenty (20)
Trading Days after the consummation of such Change of Control, such Holder may require the Company to redeem (a &quot;<B>Change of
Control Redemption</B>&quot;), to the fullest extent permitted by law and out of funds lawfully available therefor, all or any
portion of such Holder's Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares by delivering written notice thereof (&quot;<B>Change of Control Redemption
Notice</B>&quot;) to the Company and, if the Transfer Agent maintains the register and records pursuant to <U>Section&nbsp;17</U>,
the Transfer Agent, which Change of Control Redemption Notice shall indicate the number of Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares such
Holder is electing to redeem (which number shall be at least one thousand (1,000) Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares) (unless it holds
fewer than 1,000 Series A Preferred Shares at the time of such request, in which case, it must convert such number of Series A
Preferred Shares held) and include wire instructions for the payment of the applicable Change of Control Redemption Price. Any
Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares subject to redemption pursuant to this <U>Section&nbsp;9(a)</U>&nbsp;shall, to the fullest extent
permitted by law and out of funds lawfully available therefor, be redeemed by the Company in cash, without interest, at a price
equal to the sum of (A)&nbsp;the greater of (x)&nbsp;the Conversion Amount of the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares being redeemed and
(y)&nbsp;the Change of Control As-Converted Value with respect to the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares being redeemed and (B)&nbsp;the
Make-Whole Amount (the &quot;<B>Change of Control Redemption Price</B>&quot;); <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that each Holder, at
its option, may, instead of requiring the redemption of any Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares, elect in its Change of Control
Redemption Notice to require the Company to exchange such Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares for such number of Common Shares (the
 &quot;<B>Redemption Exchange Shares</B>&quot;) calculated by dividing (1)&nbsp;the applicable Change of Control Redemption Price, by
(2)&nbsp;the applicable Make-Whole Share Price. The Company shall make payment of the Change of Control Redemption Price, or the
exchange of Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares for Redemption Exchange Shares, concurrently with the consummation of such Change of
Control if such a Change of Control Redemption Notice is received at least five (5)&nbsp;Trading Days prior to the consummation of
such Change of Control and within five (5)&nbsp;Trading Days after the Company's receipt of such notice otherwise (the
 &quot;<B>Change of Control Redemption Date</B>&quot;). Once a Change of Control Redemption Notice has been delivered, the
Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares submitted for redemption (or exchange) under this <U>Section&nbsp;9(a)</U>&nbsp;may not be converted,
in whole or in part, pursuant to <U>Sections&nbsp;6(a)-(c)</U>. In the event that a Holder elects to require the exchange of
Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares for Redemption Exchange Shares as set forth above, the Company shall make appropriate provision to
ensure that such Holder will have the right to receive, in exchange for such Redemption Exchange Shares (or in lieu of such
Redemption Exchange Shares, if the Change of Control is consummated before the delivery of such Redemption Exchange Shares), such
shares of stock, securities, cash, assets or any other property whatsoever (including warrants or other purchase or subscription
rights) which are paid to the holders of Common Shares of the Company in connection with such Change of Control in accordance with <U>Section&nbsp;9(c)</U>.
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this <U>Section&nbsp;9(a)</U>, in the event of a Change of Control Redemption,
the Company shall only pay the Change of Control Redemption Price in cash as required by this <U>Section&nbsp;9</U> after paying in
full in cash all obligations of the Company and its Subsidiaries under any credit agreement, indenture or similar agreement
evidencing indebtedness for borrowed money (including the termination of all commitments to lend, to the extent required by such
credit agreement, indenture or similar agreement) in excess of US$50.0 million, individually, and in existence at the time of such
Change of Control Redemption (without giving effect to any amendment, supplement, restatement, replacement, refinance or other
modification thereto on or after or in anticipation of such Change of Control) (collectively, the &quot;<B>Debt
Documents</B>&quot;), which requires prior payment of the obligations thereunder (and termination of commitments thereunder, if
applicable) as a condition to the payment of such Change of Control Redemption Price in cash (all such required payments under the
Debt Documents in the event of a Change of Control are collectively referred to as the &quot;<B>Senior Debt Payments</B>&quot;; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>,
that the Company shall use its commercially reasonable best efforts to pay such Senior Debt Payments without delay in accordance
with the terms of the Debt Documents and shall not be allowed to circumvent any payment of a Change of Control Redemption Price by
unnecessarily delaying the payment of any Senior Debt Payments.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Redemption
by the Company Upon a Qualified Change of Control</U>. In the case of a Change of Control as a result of which the Series&nbsp;A Preferred
Shares are not convertible into common share capital that is quoted on or listed for trading on an Eligible Market (a &quot;<B>Qualified
Change of Control</B>&quot;), any Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares, may be redeemed, at the option of the Company (or its successor or the
acquiring or surviving Person in such Qualified Change of Control), upon not less than thirty (30) days' notice delivered to the Holders
not later than ten (10)&nbsp;days after the consummation of such Qualified Change of Control, at a redemption price per share equal to
the Change of Control Redemption Price with respect to such Qualified Change of Control. Unless the Company (or its successor or the acquiring
or surviving Person in such Qualified Change of Control) defaults in making the redemption payment on the applicable Change of Control
Redemption Date, on and after such Change of Control Redemption Date, (A)&nbsp;Dividends shall cease to accrue on the Series&nbsp;A Preferred
Shares so called for redemption, (B)&nbsp;all Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares called for redemption shall no longer be deemed outstanding
and (C)&nbsp;all rights with respect to such Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares shall on such Change of Control Redemption Date cease and
terminate, except only the right of the Holders thereof to receive the amount payable in such redemption.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Corporate
Events</U>. If there shall occur any Fundamental Transaction, as a result of which the Common Shares are converted into or exchanged for
securities, cash, assets or other property (a &quot;<B>Corporate Event</B>&quot;), then following any such Corporate Event, each Series&nbsp;A
Preferred Share shall remain outstanding (subject to the last paragraph of <U>Section&nbsp;14</U>) and be convertible into the number,
kind and amount of securities, cash, assets or other property which a Holder would have received in such Corporate Event had such Holder
converted its Series&nbsp;A Preferred Share into the applicable number of Common Shares immediately prior to the effective date of the
Corporate Event using the Conversion Rate applicable immediately prior to the effective date of such Corporate Event (the &quot;<B>Reference
Property</B>&quot;); and, in such case, appropriate adjustment shall be made in the application of the provisions set forth in <U>Section&nbsp;7</U>
and this <U>Section&nbsp;9(c)</U>&nbsp;with respect to the rights and interests thereafter of the Holders, to the extent that the provisions
set forth in <U>Section&nbsp;7</U> and this <U>Section&nbsp;9(c)</U>&nbsp;(including provisions with respect to changes in and other adjustments
of the Conversion Rate) and <U>Section&nbsp;9</U> shall thereafter be applicable in relation to any securities, cash, assets or other
property thereafter deliverable upon the conversion of the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares. The Company (or any successor thereto) shall,
no less than twenty (20) Business Days prior to the occurrence of any Corporate Event, provide written notice to the Holders of such occurrence
of such event and of the kind and amount of the securities, cash, assets or other property that each Series&nbsp;A Preferred Share will
be convertible into under this <U>Section&nbsp;9(c)</U>. Failure to deliver such notice shall not affect the operation of this <U>Section&nbsp;9(c)</U>.
The Company shall not enter into any agreement for a transaction constituting a Corporate Event unless, subject to the last paragraph
of <U>Section&nbsp;14</U>, (i)&nbsp;such agreement provides for, or does not interfere with or prevent (as applicable), conversion of
the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares in a manner that is consistent with and gives effect to this <U>Section&nbsp;9(c)</U>&nbsp;and (ii)&nbsp;to
the extent that the Company is not the surviving entity in such Corporate Event or will be dissolved in connection with such Corporate
Event, proper provision shall be made in the agreements governing such Corporate Event for the conversion of the Series&nbsp;A Preferred
Shares into the Reference Property and the assumption by such Person of the obligations of the Company under these Articles. If the Corporate
Event causes the Common Shares to be converted into, or exchanged for, the right to receive more than a single type of consideration (determined
based in part upon any form of shareholder election), then for the purposes of this <U>Section&nbsp;9(c)</U>, the Reference Property into
which the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares shall be convertible shall be deemed to be the weighted average of the types and amounts of consideration
per share actually received by holders of Common Shares. The Company shall notify Holders of the weighted average as soon as practicable
after such determination is made. The provisions of this Section&nbsp;shall apply similarly and equally to successive Corporate Events
and shall be applied without regard to any limitations on the conversion of the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(10)</B></FONT><B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Right
of the Holders to Convert to Series&nbsp;A-1 and Series&nbsp;A-2 Preferred Shares; Company's Option to Redeem Upon Such Request</U>.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Conversion
to Series&nbsp;A-1</U>. Each Holder shall have the right, at such Holder's option on or prior to the thirtieth (30<SUP>th</SUP>) day immediately
preceding the fourth (4<SUP>th</SUP>) anniversary of the Issuance Date, but not prior to the date that is sixty (60) days prior to such
date, subject to the conversion procedures set forth in <U>Section&nbsp;10(e)</U>&nbsp;and the Company's right to effect a Company Dividend
Increase Redemption pursuant to <U>Section&nbsp;11(b)(iii)</U>, to convert each Series&nbsp;A Preferred Share of such Holder into one
Series&nbsp;A-1 Preferred Share (as defined below) (the &quot;<B>Series&nbsp;A-1 Conversion Right</B>&quot;). The right of conversion
may be exercised as to all or any portion of such Holder's Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares; <U>provided</U> that, in each case, no right
of conversion may be exercised by a Holder in respect of less than one (1)&nbsp;Series&nbsp;A Preferred Share (as adjusted for any share
dividend, share split, share combination, reclassification or similar transaction relating to the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares occurring
after the Subscription Date). On the fourth (4<SUP>th</SUP>) anniversary of the Issuance Date (the &quot;<B>Series&nbsp;A-1 Conversion
Date</B>&quot;), if the Company has not delivered a Company Dividend Increase Redemption Notice prior to such date, then the Company shall
convert the amount of Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares specified in the Dividend Increase Conversion Notice (as defined in <U>Section&nbsp;10(e)</U>),
if any, to Series&nbsp;A-1 Preferred Shares as of the Series&nbsp;A-1 Conversion Date. For the avoidance of doubt, the Conversion Amount
of the Series&nbsp;A-1 Preferred Shares to be issued upon such conversion shall equal the Conversion Amount of the Series&nbsp;A Preferred
Shares submitted for conversion upon exercise of the Series&nbsp;A-1 Conversion Right set forth herein.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Series&nbsp;A-1
Preferred Shares</U>. Upon the Holder exercising its Series&nbsp;A-1 Conversion Right pursuant to <U>Section&nbsp;10(a)</U>, the Company
shall on or prior to the Series&nbsp;A-1 Conversion Date create the Series&nbsp;A-1 Preferred Shares and, upon such creation, the Company
shall at all times reserve and keep available out of its authorized and unissued Senior Preferred Shares, solely for designation as Series&nbsp;A-1
Senior Preferred Shares (each, a &quot;<B>Series&nbsp;A-1 Preferred Share</B>&quot; and collectively, the &quot;<B>Series&nbsp;A-1 Preferred
Shares</B>&quot;) to be issued upon the conversion of the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares, such number of Senior Preferred Shares as shall
from time to time be equal to the number of Series&nbsp;A-1 Preferred Shares issuable upon the conversion of all the Series&nbsp;A Preferred
Shares then outstanding. Any Series&nbsp;A-1 Preferred Shares issued upon conversion of Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares shall be duly authorized,
validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Conversion
to Series&nbsp;A-2</U>. Each Holder shall have the right, at such Holder's option on or prior to the thirtieth (30<SUP>th</SUP>) day immediately
preceding the ninth (9<SUP>th</SUP>) anniversary of the Issuance Date, but not prior to the date that is sixty (60) days prior to such
date, subject to the conversion procedures set forth in <U>Section&nbsp;10(e)</U>&nbsp;and the Company's right to effect a Company Dividend
Increase Redemption pursuant to <U>Section&nbsp;11(b)(iii)</U>, to convert each of such Holder's Series&nbsp;A Preferred Share and/or
Series&nbsp;A-1 Preferred Share into a Series&nbsp;A-2 Preferred Share (as defined below) (the &quot;<B>Series&nbsp;A-2 Conversion Right</B>&quot;).
The right of conversion may be exercised as to all or any portion of such Holder's Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares and/or Series&nbsp;A-1
Preferred Shares; <U>provided</U> that, in each case, no right of conversion may be exercised by a Holder in respect of less than one
(1)&nbsp;Series&nbsp;A Preferred Share (as adjusted for any share dividend, share split, share combination, reclassification or similar
transaction relating to the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares occurring after the Subscription Date) and/or one (1)&nbsp;Series&nbsp;A-1
Preferred Share (as adjusted for any share dividend, share split, share combination, reclassification or similar transaction relating
to the Series&nbsp;A-1 Preferred Shares occurring after the Subscription Date). On the ninth (9<SUP>th</SUP>) anniversary of the Issuance
Date (the &quot;<B>Series&nbsp;A-2 Conversion Date</B>&quot; and together with the Series&nbsp;A-1 Conversion Date a &quot;<B>Dividend
Increase Conversion Date</B>&quot;), if the Company has not delivered a Company Dividend Increase Redemption Notice prior to such date,
then the Company shall convert the amount of Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares and/or Series&nbsp;A-1 Preferred Shares, as applicable, specified
in the Dividend Increase Conversion Notice to Series&nbsp;A-2 Preferred Shares as of the Series&nbsp;A-2 Conversion Date. For the avoidance
of doubt, (i)&nbsp;the Conversion Amount of the Series&nbsp;A-2 Preferred Shares to be issued upon such conversion shall equal the Conversion
Amount of the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares and/or the Series&nbsp;A-1 Preferred Shares submitted for conversion upon exercise of the
Series&nbsp;A-2 Conversion Right set forth herein and (ii)&nbsp;the Series&nbsp;A-2 Conversion Right entitles (x)&nbsp;a Holder to convert
all or some of such Holder's Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares into Series&nbsp;A-2- Preferred Shares and (y)&nbsp;a holder of Series&nbsp;A-1
Preferred Shares to convert all or some of such Holder's Series&nbsp;A-1 Preferred Shares into Series&nbsp;A-2- Preferred Shares.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Series&nbsp;A-2
Preferred Shares</U>. Upon the Holder exercising its Series&nbsp;A-2 Conversion Right pursuant to <U>Section&nbsp;10(c)</U>, the Company
shall on or prior to the Series&nbsp;A-2 Conversion Date create the Series&nbsp;A-2 Preferred Shares and, upon such creation, the Company
shall at all times reserve and keep available out of its authorized and unissued Senior Preferred Shares, solely for designation as Series&nbsp;A-2
Senior Preferred Shares (each, a &quot;<B>Series&nbsp;A-2 Preferred Share</B>&quot; and collectively, the &quot;<B>Series&nbsp;A-2 Preferred
Shares</B>&quot;), to be issued upon the conversion of the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares and/or Series&nbsp;A-1 Preferred Shares, such
number of Series&nbsp;A-2 Preferred Shares as shall from time to time be equal to the number of Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares and Series&nbsp;A-1
Preferred Shares issuable upon the conversion of all Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares and Series&nbsp;A-1 Preferred Shares then outstanding.
Any Series&nbsp;A-2 Preferred Shares issued upon conversion of Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares and/or Series&nbsp;A-1 Preferred Shares,
as applicable, shall be duly authorized, validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(e)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Notice
of Intended Conversion</U>. To exercise its Series&nbsp;A-1 Conversion Right or its Series&nbsp;A-2 Conversion Right, a Holder shall,
not less than thirty (30) days prior to the fourth (4<SUP>th</SUP>) or ninth (9<SUP>th</SUP>) anniversary of the Issuance Date, as applicable,
but not prior to the date that is sixty (60) days prior to such date, (A)&nbsp;deliver a written notice executed by the registered Holder
of the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares and/or Series&nbsp;A-1 Preferred Shares, as applicable, subject to such conversion (a &quot;<B>Dividend
Increase Conversion Notice</B>&quot;) to the Company, which Dividend Increase Conversion Notice shall indicate the amount of Series&nbsp;A
Preferred Shares and/or Series&nbsp;A-1 Preferred Shares, as applicable, such Holder is electing to convert pursuant to <U>Sections 10(a)</U>&nbsp;or
<U>(c)</U>, as applicable; and (B)&nbsp;deliver to the Company funds for the payment of any applicable share transfer, documentary, stamp
or similar taxes.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(f)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Series&nbsp;A-1
and B-2 Articles of Amendment</U>. If a Holder validly delivers a Dividend Increase Conversion Notice and the Company does not exercise
its right to redeem pursuant to <U>Section&nbsp;11(b)(iii)</U>&nbsp;with respect to all Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares and/or Series&nbsp;A-1
Preferred Shares, as applicable, specified in the Holder's Dividend Increase Conversion Notice, then the Company shall, prior to the Dividend
Increase Conversion Date, file Articles of Amendment setting forth the designation, preferences and rights of the Series&nbsp;A-1 Preferred
Shares or Series&nbsp;A-2 Preferred Shares, as applicable, which Articles of Amendment will be in the same form as these Articles of Amendment,
except for changes (i)&nbsp;to account for the different series, different dates, including issuance dates, and changes in law, (ii)&nbsp;in
the case of the Series&nbsp;A-1 Preferred Shares Articles of Amendment, to <U>Sections&nbsp;10</U> and <U>11</U> to, among other things,
account for the right of Series&nbsp;A-1 Preferred Shares to convert into Series&nbsp;A-2 Preferred Shares, to reserve an adequate amount
of Senior Preferred Shares to accommodate such conversion right and to provide a redemption right by the Company analogous to the rights
in <U>Section&nbsp;11(b)&nbsp;(iii)</U>&nbsp;to provide for the Company's right to redeem the Series&nbsp;A-1 Preferred Shares upon a
Holder exercising its right to convert Series&nbsp;A-1 Preferred Shares into Series&nbsp;A-2 Preferred Shares and, in the case of the
Series&nbsp;A-2 Preferred Shares Articles of Amendment, to eliminate this <U>Section&nbsp;10</U> conversion right for the Series&nbsp;A-2
Preferred Shares and the corresponding Company redemption right in <U>Section&nbsp;11(b)(iii)</U>&nbsp;and (iii)&nbsp;to the Preferential
Dividend Rate, which with respect to the Series&nbsp;A-1 Preferred Shares shall replace &quot;5.50%&quot; with &quot;7.50%&quot;, and
with respect to the Series&nbsp;A-2 Preferred Shares shall replace &quot;5.50%&quot; or &quot;7.50%&quot;, as the case may be, with the
fixed percentage equal to the greater of (x)&nbsp;600 bps over the Daily Simple SOFR as in effect on the first date a Holder validly delivers
a Dividend Increase Conversion Notice to the Company and (y)&nbsp;10.50%. The Series&nbsp;A-1 Preferred Shares and Series&nbsp;A-2 Preferred
Shares shall have the same preferences, rights and obligations as the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares, other than solely with respect to
the Preferential Dividend Rate. For the avoidance of doubt, Dividends on the Series&nbsp;A-1 Preferred Shares and on the Series&nbsp;A-2
Preferred Shares shall start to accrue as of the applicable Dividend Increase Conversion Date.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(11)</B></FONT><B>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</B><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Optional
Redemptions</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>General</U>.
Other than as specifically permitted by these Articles of Amendment, the Company may not redeem any of the outstanding Series&nbsp;A Preferred
Shares (it being understood that the Company may purchase Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares in the open market or in negotiated transactions).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Redemption
at the Option of the Company</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(i)&nbsp;<U>Company
Optional Redemption</U>. At any time after January&nbsp;[25], 2032, so long as there is no Equity Conditions Failure on the applicable
Company Optional Redemption Date (as defined below), the Company shall have the right to redeem all or any portion of the Series&nbsp;A
Preferred Shares then outstanding as designated in the applicable Company Optional Redemption Notice (as defined below) (the &quot;<B>Company
Optional Redemption Shares</B>&quot;) on the applicable Company Optional Redemption Date (a &quot;<B>Company Optional Redemption</B>&quot;).
Each Company Optional Redemption Share shall be redeemed by the Company on the applicable Company Optional Redemption Date in cash, without
interest, at a price equal to 100% of the Conversion Amount of such Company Optional Redemption Share (the &ldquo;<B>Company Optional
Redemption Price</B>&rdquo;). The Company may exercise its right to redeem the Company Optional Redemption Shares under this <U>Section&nbsp;11(b)(i)</U>&nbsp;by
delivering a written notice thereof to all, but not less than all, of the Holders (a &quot;<B>Company Optional Redemption Notice</B>&quot;
and the date the Company delivers such notice to all Holders is referred to as a &quot;<B>Company Optional Redemption Notice Date</B>&quot;</FONT>).
Each Company Optional Redemption Notice shall be irrevocable. Each Company Optional Redemption Notice shall (A)&nbsp;state the date on
which the applicable Company Optional Redemption shall occur (a &quot;<B>Company Optional Redemption Date</B>&quot;), which date shall
be the forty fifth (45<SUP>th</SUP>) day (or, if such date falls on a day that is not a Business Day, the next day that is a Business
Day) following the applicable Company Optional Redemption Notice Date, (B)&nbsp;state the number of the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares
which the Company has elected to redeem from the Holders on the applicable Company Optional Redemption Date and (C)&nbsp;confirm that
there is no Equity Conditions Failure on the applicable Company Optional Redemption Notice Date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ii)</FONT>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Company
Merger Termination Redemption</U>. If the Merger Agreement is terminated in accordance with its terms and all confidential information
that constitutes material, nonpublic information communicated by the Company, any of its Subsidiaries or any of their respective Affiliates,
employees, officers, representatives or agents to the Buyers (as defined in the Securities Purchase Agreement) or any of their Affiliates
has been publicly disclosed, then during the ninety (90) days following the later of (x)&nbsp;August&nbsp;7, 2023 and (y)&nbsp;the termination
of the Merger Agreement, so long as there is no Equity Conditions Failure on the applicable Company Merger Termination Redemption Notice
Date (as defined below), the Company shall have the right to redeem between fifty percent (50%) and one hundred percent (100%) of the
Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares then outstanding as designated in the applicable Company Merger Termination Redemption Notice (as defined
below) (the &quot;<B>Company Merger Termination Redemption Shares</B>&quot;) on the applicable Company Merger Termination Redemption Date
(a &quot;<B>Company Merger Termination Redemption</B>&quot;).&nbsp; Each Company Merger Termination Redemption Share shall be redeemed
by the Company on the Company Merger Termination Redemption Date in cash, without interest, at a price equal to 102% of the Conversion
Amount of such Company Merger Termination Share (the &ldquo;<B>Company Merger Termination Redemption Price</B>&rdquo;).&nbsp; The Company
may exercise its right to redeem the Company Merger Termination Redemption Shares by delivering a written notice thereof to all, but not
less than all, of the Holders (a &quot;<B>Company Merger Termination Redemption Notice</B>&quot; and the date the Company delivers such
notice to all Holders is referred to as a &quot;<B>Company Merger Termination Redemption Notice Date</B>&quot;). Each Company Merger Termination
Redemption Notice shall be irrevocable.&nbsp; Each Company Merger Termination Redemption Notice shall (A)&nbsp;state the date on which
the applicable Company Merger Termination Redemption shall occur (a &quot;<B>Company Merger Termination Redemption Date</B>&quot;), which
date shall be the tenth (10<SUP>th</SUP>) day (or, if such date falls on a day that is not a Business Day, the next day that is a Business
Day) following the applicable Company Merger Termination Redemption Notice Date, (B)&nbsp;state the number of the Series&nbsp;A Preferred
Shares which the Company has elected to redeem from the Holders on the Company Merger Termination Redemption Date, and (C)&nbsp;confirm
that there is no Equity Conditions Failure on the applicable Company Merger Termination Redemption Notice Date.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(iii)&nbsp;<U>Company
Redemption Upon Dividend Increase</U>. If one or more Holders delivered a Dividend Increase Conversion Notice to the Company in
compliance with <U>Section&nbsp;10</U>, so long as there is no Equity Conditions Failure on the applicable Company Dividend Increase
Redemption Date (as defined below), the Company shall have the right to redeem all or any portion of the Series&nbsp;A Preferred
Shares and/or Series&nbsp;A-1 Preferred Shares, as applicable, for which an increase in the Preferential Dividend Rate has been
demanded, as designated in the applicable Company Dividend Increase Redemption Notice (as defined below) (such shares the
 &quot;<B>Company Dividend Increase Redemption Shares</B>&quot;) on the applicable Company Dividend Increase Redemption Date (a
 &quot;<B>Company Dividend Increase Redemption</B>&quot;). The Company Dividend Increase Redemption Shares shall be redeemed by the
Company on the applicable Company Dividend Increase Redemption Date in cash, without interest, at a price equal to 100% of the
Conversion Amount of the Company Dividend Increase Redemption Shares to be redeemed (a &quot;<B>Company Dividend Increase Redemption
Price</B>&quot;). The Company may exercise its right to require redemption under this <U>Section&nbsp;11(b)(iii</U>)&nbsp;by
delivering a written notice thereof by no later than the forty fifth (45<SUP>th</SUP>) day immediately following the fourth
(4<SUP>th</SUP>) anniversary of the Issuance Date or the ninth (9<SUP>th</SUP>) anniversary of the Issuance Date, as applicable (or,
if such date falls on a day that is not a Business Day, the next day that is a Business Day), to all, but not less than all, of the
Holders who delivered a Dividend Increase Conversion Notice to the Company in compliance with this <U>Section&nbsp;11(b)(iii)</U>&nbsp;(a
 &quot;<B>Company Dividend Increase Redemption Notice</B>&quot;, and the date such notice is given to all of the Holders is referred
to as a &quot;<B>Company Dividend Increase Redemption Notice Date</B>&quot;). Each Company Dividend Increase Redemption Notice shall
be irrevocable. Each Company Dividend Increase Redemption Notice shall (A)&nbsp;state the date on which the applicable Company
Dividend Increase Redemption shall occur (a &quot;<B>Company Dividend Increase Redemption Date</B>&quot;), which date shall be the
forty fifth (45<SUP>th</SUP>) day (or, (x)&nbsp;if such date falls on a day that is not a Business Day, the next day that is a
Business Day or (y)&nbsp;if there is an Equity Conditions Failure on such day, the first Business Day thereafter upon which there is
no Equity Conditions Failure; provided that such Business Day occurs no later than the forty fifth (45th) day thereafter (the
 &quot;<B>Extended Dividend Increase Redemption Date</B>&quot;); provided, further, that in the event of clause (y)&nbsp;such Holder
may elect to revoke its election to convert its Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares into Series&nbsp;A-1 Preferred Shares or
Series&nbsp;A-2 Preferred Shares, as applicable, and consequently revoke the Company's right to effect a related Company Dividend
Increase Redemption) following the applicable Company Dividend Increase Redemption Notice Date, (B)&nbsp;state the aggregate
Conversion Amount of the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares and/or Series&nbsp;A-1 Preferred Shares, as applicable, which the Company
has elected to redeem from the Holders on the applicable Company Dividend Increase Redemption Date and (C)&nbsp;confirm that there
is no Equity Conditions Failure as of the applicable Company Dividend Increase Redemption Notice Date.</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(iv)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Company
Redemptions</U>. If the Company confirmed that there was no Equity Conditions Failure as of the applicable Company Redemption Notice
Date but an Equity Conditions Failure occurs between the applicable Company Redemption Notice Date and the applicable Company
Redemption Date (a &quot;<B>Company Redemption Interim Period</B>&quot;) that the Company expects will last through the applicable
Company Redemption Date, the Company shall provide the Holders a subsequent written notice to that effect. If there is an Equity
Conditions Failure on the applicable Company Redemption Date (and, with respect to <U>Section&nbsp;11(b)(iii)</U>, the Extended
Dividend Redemption Date), then the applicable Company Redemption shall be null and void with respect to all or any part designated
by such Holder of the applicable unconverted Company Redemption Shares and such Holder shall be entitled to all the rights of a
Holder with respect to such applicable Company Redemption Shares; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that if a Holder waives in
writing an Equity Conditions Failure during the applicable Company Redemption Interim Period, then the Company shall be required to
proceed with the applicable Company Redemption Date with respect to such Holder. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this <U>Section&nbsp;11</U>,
until the applicable Company Redemption Shares are redeemed, the applicable Company Redemption Shares may be converted, in whole or
in part, by the Holders into Common Shares pursuant to <U>Sections&nbsp;6(a)-(c)</U>. If the Company elects to cause a Company
Redemption pursuant to this <U>Section&nbsp;11</U>, then it must simultaneously take the same action in the same proportion with
respect to all Company Redemption Shares subject to the applicable Company Redemption to the extent practicable, or, if the pro rata
basis is not practicable for any reason, by lot or such other equitable method as the Company determined in good faith. If the
applicable Company Redemption Notice shall have been duly given, the Company shall irrevocably deposit or set aside the aggregate
Company Redemption Price to be paid to all Holders of the Company Redemption Shares entitled thereto and, from and after the
applicable Company Redemption Date, the applicable Company Redemption Price shall promptly be paid to all former Holders of Company
Redemption Shares entitled thereto in respect thereof. So long as the applicable aggregate Company Redemption Price shall be paid in
full to such Holders or is irrevocably deposited or set aside with a depository for payment to the Holders, the applicable Company
Redemption shall be effective with respect to all Company Redemption Shares on the applicable Company Redemption Date, and thereupon
Dividends with respect to such Company Redemption Shares shall cease to accrue and all rights with respect to such Company
Redemption Shares shall forthwith terminate. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in these Articles of Amendment, until the applicable
Company Redemption Price is paid in full, the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares subject to the applicable Company Redemption may be
converted, in whole or in part, by such Holder into Common Shares pursuant to Section&nbsp;6. All Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares
converted by a Holder after a Company Redemption Notice Date shall reduce the number of Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares required to
be redeemed on the applicable Company Redemption Date, unless such Holder otherwise indicates in the applicable Conversion
Notice.</FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Void
Redemption</U>. In the event that the Company does not pay a Company Redemption Price within the applicable time period, at any time thereafter
and until the Company pays such unpaid applicable Company Redemption Price in full, a Holder shall have the option to, in lieu of redemption,
require the Company to promptly return to such Holder any or all of the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares that were submitted for redemption
by such Holder and for which the applicable Company Redemption Price has not been paid, by sending written notice thereof to the Company
(the &quot;<B>Void Optional Redemption Notice</B>&quot;). Upon the Company's receipt of such Void Optional Redemption Notice prior to
the payment of the applicable Company Redemption Price, (i)&nbsp;any applicable redemption notice of such Holder or the Company, as the
case may be, shall be null and void with respect to those Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares subject to the Void Optional Redemption Notice
and (ii)&nbsp;the Company shall immediately return any Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares subject to the Void Optional Redemption Notice.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Effect
of Redemption</U>. Subject to <U>Section&nbsp;11(c)</U>, effective immediately prior to the close of business on the day before any Series&nbsp;A
Preferred Shares are redeemed pursuant to these Articles of Amendment, Dividends shall no longer accrue or be declared on any such Series&nbsp;A
Preferred Shares, and such Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares shall cease to be outstanding.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(e)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Status
of Redeemed Shares</U>. Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares redeemed in accordance with these Articles of Amendment shall return to the status
of and constitute authorized but unissued Senior Preferred Shares, without classification as to series until such shares are once more
classified as to a particular series by the Board pursuant to provisions of the Articles.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(12)</B></FONT><B>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Reservation
of Shares</U>. The Company shall have sufficient authorized and unissued Common Shares for each of the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares
equal to no less than 110% of the maximum number of Common Shares issuable with respect to the outstanding Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares
pursuant to the terms of these Articles of Amendment (assuming for purposes hereof, that Dividends accrue and that the Conversion Amount
of the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares are convertible at the Conversion Rate and without taking into account any limitations on the conversion
of the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares set forth in these Articles of Amendment) (the &quot;<B>Required Reserved Amount</B>&quot;). The
Company shall, so long as any of the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares are outstanding, take all action necessary to reserve and keep available
out of its authorized and unissued Common Shares, solely for the purpose of issuing Common Shares with respect of the Series&nbsp;A Preferred
Shares pursuant to the terms of these Articles of Amendment, no less than a number of Common Shares equal to the Required Reserved Amount.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(13)</B></FONT><B>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Voting
Rights</U>. Other than in connection with Parent Shareholders Meeting (as defined in the Merger Agreement), each Holder shall be
entitled to the whole number of votes equal to the number of whole Common Shares into which the aggregate of such Holder's
Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares would be convertible on the record date for the vote or consent of shareholders or if no record date
is established, at the date such vote or consent is taken, and shall otherwise have voting rights and consent rights equal to the
voting rights and consent rights of the Common Shares to the fullest extent permitted by law <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that
until the HSR Date, with respect to any HSR Holder, such HSR Holder shall only be entitled to vote a number of Series&nbsp;A
Preferred Shares in accordance with the foregoing on any matters relating to the election, designation, removal or replacement of
members of the Board to the extent that such number of Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares together with such HSR Holder's Common Shares,
if any, other Junior Shares, if any, Pari Passu Shares, if any, and Senior Preferred Shares of the Company, if any, does not exceed
the HSR Amount in the aggregate; <U>provided</U>, <U>further</U>, that the Required Holders, by written notice to the Company, may
terminate the voting rights set forth in this <U>Section&nbsp;13</U> effective at any time from and after the registration, if any,
of the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares under the Exchange Act. Except as provided in the immediately preceding sentence, each Holder
shall be entitled to receive the same prior notice of any shareholders' meeting as is provided to the holders of Common Shares in
accordance with the by-laws of the Company, as well as prior notice of all shareholder actions to be taken by legally available
means in lieu of a meeting, and shall vote as a class with the holders of Common Shares as if they were a single class of securities
upon any matter submitted to a vote of shareholders, except those matters required by law or by the terms hereof to be submitted to
a class vote of the Holders, in which case the Holders only shall vote as a separate class, or those matters required by law to be
submitted to a class vote of solely the holders of Common Shares, in which case such holders only shall vote as a separate class.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, (i) no Holder shall be entitled, in its capacity as Holder of the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares, to
vote on the Parent Share Issuance (as defined in the Merger Agreement) and (ii) in no event shall a Holder be
entitled to such number of votes that is greater than the number of whole Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares held by such Holder at the
relevant time.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(14)</B></FONT><B>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Series&nbsp;A
Preferred Shares Approval Rights.</U> In addition to any other rights provided by law, except where the vote or written consent of the
holders of a greater number of shares is required by law, for as long as any Series&nbsp;A Preferred
Shares remain outstanding, the affirmative vote at a meeting duly called for such purpose or the written consent without a meeting of
the Required Holders but not of any other class of the Company's securities, voting as a single class (and separately from all other classes
and series of shares in the capital of the Company), shall be required before the Company may:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">create
(by reclassification or otherwise), or authorize the creation of, or issue or obligate itself to issue additional or other Senior Shares
or securities exchangeable for or convertible or exercisable into Senior Shares;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">create
(by reclassification or otherwise), or authorize the creation of, or issue or obligate itself to issue additional or other Pari Passu
Shares or securities exchangeable for or convertible or exercisable into Pari Passu Shares;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">except
as contemplated by <U>Section&nbsp;10</U>, amend or repeal any provision of, or add any provision to, the Articles, or file any articles
of amendment, preferences, limitations and relative rights of any series of preferred shares, if such action would adversely alter or
change the preferences, rights, privileges or powers of, or restrictions of the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares, regardless of whether
any such action shall be by means of amendment to the Articles or by merger, consolidation, amalgamation, arrangement or otherwise;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">increase
or decrease (other than by conversion or redemption in accordance with the terms hereof) the authorized number of Series&nbsp;A Preferred
Shares;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(e)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">exchange,
reclassify or cancel the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares, except as explicitly contemplated by these Articles of Amendment; or</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(f)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">amend
or waive any provision of these Articles of Amendment that would have an adverse effect on the rights, preferences, privileges, voting
power or obligation of the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares or any Holder thereof.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Notwithstanding the provisions of this <U>Section&nbsp;14</U>,
(a)&nbsp;in the event of a Fundamental Transaction or Corporate Event, so long as: (i)&nbsp;the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares remain
outstanding following consummation of such Fundamental Transaction or Corporate Event with its terms materially unchanged, taking into
account that, upon the occurrence of such a Fundamental Transaction or Corporate Event, the Company may not be the surviving entity (in
which case, the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares may be converted into or exchanged for preferred shares or other preferred equity of the
surviving entity or its parent having terms substantially the same as the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares) and, if applicable, with any
changes to the terms of the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares required pursuant to and made in compliance with the provisions of <U>Section&nbsp;9(c)</U>&nbsp;in
connection with such Fundamental Transaction or Corporate Event or as otherwise deemed reasonably necessary by the Company and (ii)&nbsp;if
such transaction also constitutes a Change of Control, the provisions of <U>Section&nbsp;9(a)</U>&nbsp;and <U>Section&nbsp;9(b)</U>&nbsp;are
complied with in connection with such Fundamental Transaction, then the occurrence of such Fundamental Transaction shall not be deemed
to adversely affect the powers, preferences, or other special rights or privileges of the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares or its Holders
and in such case such Holders shall not have any voting rights with respect to the occurrence of such Fundamental Transaction or Corporate
Event pursuant to this <U>Section&nbsp;14</U> and (b)&nbsp;the authorization or creation of, or the increase in the number of authorized
or issued shares of, or any securities convertible into shares of, or the reclassification of any security (in each case, other than the
Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares) into, or the issuance of, Junior Shares will not require the vote the holders of the Series&nbsp;A Preferred
Shares.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(15)</B></FONT><B>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>General
Provisions</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">In
addition to the above provisions with respect to Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares, the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares shall be subject to
and be entitled to the benefit of the provisions set forth in the Articles with respect to preferred shares of the Company generally;
<U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that in the event of any conflict between such provisions, the provisions set forth in these Articles
of Amendment shall control.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Any
Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares which are converted, repurchased or redeemed shall be automatically and immediately retired and shall not
be reissued, sold or transferred.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Whenever
notice is required to be given under these Articles of Amendment, unless otherwise provided herein, such notice shall be given by first-class
mail to each record Holder of outstanding Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares as such Holder's address as the same appears on the books of
the Company or the Transfer Agent. With respect to any notice to a Holder required to be provided hereunder, neither the failure to mail
such notice, nor any defect therein or in the mailing thereof, to any particular Holder shall affect the sufficiency of the notice or
the validity of the proceedings referred to in such notice with respect to the other Holders or affect the legality or validity of any
distribution, rights, warrant, reclassification, consolidation, merger, amalgamation, arrangement, conveyance, transfer, dissolution,
liquidation or winding up, or the vote upon any such action. Any notice which was mailed in the manner herein provided shall be conclusively
presumed to have been duly given or delivered as of the date sent whether or not the Holder receives the notice. All notice periods referred
to herein shall commence on the date of the mailing of the applicable notice.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Whenever
any amount expressed to be due by the terms of these Articles of Amendment is due on any day which is not a Business Day, the same shall
instead be due on the next succeeding day which is a Business Day without interest or penalty.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(e)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">If
any term of the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares set forth herein is invalid, unlawful or incapable of being enforced by reason of any rule&nbsp;of
law or public policy, all other terms set forth herein which can be given effect without the invalid, unlawful or unenforceable term will,
nevertheless, remain in full force and effect, and no term herein set forth will be deemed dependent upon any other such term unless so
expressed herein so long as these Articles of Amendment as so modified continues to express, without material change, the original intentions
of the parties as to the subject matter hereof and the prohibited nature, invalidity or unenforceability of the provision(s)&nbsp;in question
does not substantially impair the respective expectations or reciprocal obligations of the parties or the practical realization of the
benefits that would otherwise be conferred upon the parties. The Company and the Required Holders will endeavor in good faith negotiations
to replace the prohibited, invalid or unenforceable provision(s)&nbsp;with a valid provision(s), the effect of which comes as close as
possible to that of the prohibited, invalid or unenforceable provision(s).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(f)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">It
is the intent of the Company and the Required Holders that the provisions of these Articles of Amendment comply, and following the date
hereof continue to comply, with the applicable rules&nbsp;of The New York Stock Exchange and The Toronto Stock Exchange, as the same may
be amended from time to time, for as long as long as the Company&rsquo;s Common Shares are listed and posted for trading on The New York
Stock Exchange and/or The Toronto Stock Exchange, as the case may be (the &quot;<B>Applicable Stock Exchange Rules</B>&quot;). It is also
the intent of the Company and the Required Holders that if the Company no longer has a class of securities registered under section 12
of the Exchange Act or is no longer required to file reports under Section&nbsp;15(d)&nbsp;of the Exchange Act, all Exchange Act, Securities
Act and other United States references herein shall be deemed to be to the Canadian equivalent, including &nbsp;under applicable Canadian
securities laws. In furtherance of the foregoing, if any term, covenant or restriction included in these Articles of Amendment fails at
any time to comply with the Applicable Stock Exchange Rules, or it is reasonably &nbsp;necessary and advisable to update the United States
references to applicable Canadian references, the Company and the Required Holders agree to negotiate in good faith to modify these Articles
of Amendment so as to comply with the Applicable Stock Exchange Rules&nbsp;or to update with the applicable Canadian references while
retaining the original intent as closely as possible in an acceptable manner so that the transactions contemplated hereby be consummated
as originally contemplated to the fullest extent possible. Any amendment, modification or alteration of the rights, preferences, privileges
or voting powers of the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares shall, solely to the extent required by the Applicable Stock Exchange Rules, be
subject to the approval of the The New York Stock Exchange and/or The Toronto Stock Exchange, as the case may be for as long as the Common
Shares are listed for trading thereon.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(g)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Tax
Matters.</U></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(i)&nbsp;<U>Tax
Withholdings</U>. The Company shall be entitled to withhold or deduct, from any amounts payable or otherwise deliverable under these Articles
of Amendment, such amounts as the Company determines, acting reasonably, are required to be deducted or withheld with respect to such
payment or delivery under the <I>Internal Revenue Code</I> of 1986, as amended, the <I>Income Tax Act</I> (Canada) or any provision of
any other applicable laws. To the extent that such amounts are so deducted or withheld, such amounts shall be treated for all purposes
as having been paid to the Holder to whom such amounts would otherwise have been paid, provided that such deducted or withheld amounts
are remitted to the appropriate governmental authority. The Company is hereby authorized to sell or otherwise dispose of, on behalf of
any Holder, such portion of any share or other security deliverable to such Holder as is necessary to provide sufficient funds to the
Company to enable it to comply with such deduction or withholding requirement and the Company shall notify such Holder thereof and remit
the applicable portion of the net proceeds of such sale to the appropriate governmental authority and, if applicable, any portion of such
net proceeds that is not required to be so remitted shall be paid to such Holder. The Holders shall, on a joint and several basis, indemnify
and hold harmless the Company for any losses, costs, penalties, fees, liabilities, damages and expenses incurred by the Company in respect
of a failure to withhold, deduct, or remit any amount required to be withheld, deducted, or remitted in respect of any amounts payable
pursuant to these Articles of Amendment.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(ii)&nbsp;<U>Forms</U>.
If a Holder is entitled to claim an exemption or reduction from withholding tax in accordance with applicable law, such Holder shall promptly
deliver such properly completed and executed documentation (including properly completed Canada Revenue Agency forms NR301, NR 302 or
NR 303, as applicable) reasonably requested by the Company as will permit such payments to be made without withholding or at a reduced
rate of withholding. The Company shall, acting reasonably, take into account all such properly completed forms in determining its withholding
obligations under <U>Section&nbsp;15(g)(i)</U>. In addition, any Holder shall deliver such other tax documentation prescribed by applicable
law (including any Internal Revenue Service form W-9 or form W-8, as applicable, or any forms or other documentation as may be necessary
for the Company to comply with its obligations under the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act or otherwise reasonably requested by the Company).
Each Holder shall provide new documentation (or successor documentation) upon the expiration or obsolescence of any previously delivered
documentation and promptly notify the Company of any change in circumstances which would modify or render invalid any claimed exemption
or reduction.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.75in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">(iii)&nbsp;<U>Specified
Amount</U>. The specified amount in respect of the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares for purposes of subsection 191(4)&nbsp;of the Income
<I>Tax Act </I>(Canada) is the Canadian Dollar equivalent of US$1.00 per Series&nbsp;A Preferred Share as of the date of issuance of such
share.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(16)</B></FONT><B>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Transfer
of Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares</U>. A Holder may transfer some or all of the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares and the accompanying rights
hereunder held by such Holder without the consent of the Company; <U>provided</U> that such transfer is in compliance with applicable
securities laws and the Securities Purchase Agreement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(17)</B></FONT><B>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Series&nbsp;A
Preferred Share Register</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The
Company or the Transfer Agent shall maintain a register for the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares, in which the Company or the Transfer Agent
shall record the name and address of the Persons in whose name the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares have been issued, as well as the name
and address of each transferee. The Company may treat the Person in whose name any Series&nbsp;A Preferred Share is registered on the
register as the owner and holder thereof for all purposes, notwithstanding any notice to the contrary, but in all events recognizing any
properly made transfers.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The
Company or the Transfer Agent shall maintain records showing the number of Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares converted and/or redeemed and
the dates of such conversions and/or redemptions. In the event of any dispute or discrepancy, such records of the Company establishing
the number of Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares to which the record holder is entitled shall be controlling and determinative in the absence
of manifest error.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt"><B>(18)</B></FONT><B>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</B><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Certain
Defined Terms</U>. For purposes of these Articles of Amendment the following terms shall have the following meanings:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Affiliate</B>&quot;
shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in Rule&nbsp;405 of the Securities Act.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Bloomberg</B>&quot;
means Bloomberg Financial Markets.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Business
Day</B>&quot; means any day other than Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial banks in The City of New York or Toronto, Ontario,
Canada are authorized or required by law to remain closed; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, for clarification, commercial banks shall
not be deemed to be authorized or required by law to remain closed due to &quot;stay at home&quot;, &quot;shelter-in-place&quot;, &quot;non-essential
employee&quot;&nbsp;&nbsp;or any other similar orders or restrictions or the closure of any physical branch locations at the direction
of any governmental authority so long as the electronic funds transfer systems (including for wire transfers) of commercial banks in The
City of New York, New York or Toronto, Ontario, Canada generally are open for use by customers on such day.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Calendar
Quarter</B>&quot; means each of: the period beginning on and including December&nbsp;15 and ending on and including March&nbsp;14; the
period beginning on and including March&nbsp;15 and ending on and including June&nbsp;14; the period beginning on and including June&nbsp;15
and ending on and including September&nbsp;14; and the period beginning on and including September&nbsp;15 and ending on and including
December&nbsp;14.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(e)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Change
of Control</B>&quot; means any Fundamental Transaction other than (i)&nbsp;any reorganization, recapitalization, reclassification or change
of the Common Shares or any share exchange, consolidation, amalgamation, arrangement, merger or similar transaction, in each case, in
which holders of the Company's voting power immediately prior to such reorganization, recapitalization, reclassification, change, share
exchange, consolidation, amalgamation, arrangement, merger or similar transaction continue immediately after the consummation of such
reorganization, recapitalization, reclassification, change, share exchange, consolidation, amalgamation, arrangement, merger or similar
transaction to hold publicly traded securities and, directly or indirectly, the voting power of the surviving entity or entities necessary
to elect a majority of the members of the board of directors (or their equivalent if other than a corporation) of such entity or entities,
or (ii)&nbsp;pursuant to a continuance or migratory merger, amalgamation or arrangement effected solely for the purpose of changing the
jurisdiction of incorporation of the Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(f)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Change
of Control As-Converted Value</B>&quot; means, with respect to any Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares, the product of (i)&nbsp;the Conversion
Amount of such Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares multiplied by (ii)&nbsp;the Conversion Rate multiplied by (iii)&nbsp;the Make-Whole Share
Price with respect to the applicable Change of Control.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(g)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>close
of business</B>&quot; means 5:00 p.m.&nbsp;(New York City time).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(h)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Closing
Sale Price</B>&quot; of the Common Shares (or other security for which a closing sale price must be determined) on any date means the
closing sale price per share (or if no closing sale price is reported, the average of the bid and ask prices or, if more than one in either
case, the average of the average bid and the average ask prices) on that date as reported in composite transactions for the principal
U.S. national or regional securities exchange on which the Common Shares (or such other security) is traded. If the Common Shares (or
such other security) is not listed for trading on a U.S. national or regional securities exchange on the relevant date, the &quot;Closing
Sale Price&quot; shall be the last quoted bid price for the Common Shares (or such other security) in the over-the-counter market on the
relevant date as reported by OTC Markets Group Inc. or a similar organization. If the Common Shares (or such other security) are not so
quoted, the &quot;Closing Sale Price&quot; shall be the average of the mid-point of the last bid and ask prices for the Common Shares
(or such other security) on the relevant date from each of at least three nationally recognized independent investment banking firms selected
by the Company for this purpose. The &quot;Closing Sale Price&quot; will be determined without regard to after-hours trading or any other
trading outside of the regular trading session hour.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(i)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Common
Shares</B>&quot; means (i)&nbsp;the Company's shares of common shares, without par value, or (ii)&nbsp;any share capital into which such
Common Shares shall have been converted or exchanged in a Corporate Event.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(j)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Company
Redemption</B>&quot; means, collectively, a Company Dividend Increase Redemption, a Company Optional Redemption and a Company Merger Termination
Redemption.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(k)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Company
Redemption Date</B>&quot; means a Company Dividend Increase Redemption Date, a Company Optional Redemption Date and a Company Merger Termination
Redemption Date, as applicable.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(l)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Company
Redemption Notice</B>&quot; means a Company Dividend Increase Redemption Notice, a Company Optional Redemption Notice and a Company Merger
Termination Redemption Notice, as applicable.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(m)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Company
Redemption Notice Date</B>&quot; means a Company Dividend Increase Redemption Notice Date, a Company Optional Redemption Notice Date and
a Company Merger Termination Redemption Notice Date, as applicable.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(n)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Company
Redemption Price</B>&quot; means a Company Dividend Increase Redemption Price, a Company Optional Redemption Price and a Company Merger
Termination Redemption Price, as applicable.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(o)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Company
Redemption Shares</B>&quot; means, collectively, the Company Dividend Increase Redemption Shares, the Company Optional Redemption Shares
and the Company Merger Termination Redemption Shares.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(p)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Conversion
Amount</B>&quot; means, for each Series&nbsp;A Preferred Share, the sum of (i)&nbsp;the Issue Price, (ii)&nbsp;accrued and unpaid Dividends,
if any, with respect to such Series&nbsp;A Preferred Share and (iii)&nbsp;any accrued and unpaid dividends accrued pursuant to <U>Section&nbsp;5(c)</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(q)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Conversion
Date</B>&quot; means with respect to a conversion pursuant to <U>Section&nbsp;6(a)</U>, the date on which the Holder complied with the
procedures in <U>Section&nbsp;6(c)(i)</U>&nbsp;thereof.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(r)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Conversion
Price</B>&quot; means at any time, US$1.00, divided by the Conversion Rate at such time.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(s)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Conversion
Rate</B>&quot; means 0.0136986 Common Shares per US$1.00 Conversion Amount, subject to adjustment as set forth herein.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(t)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Current
Market Price</B>&quot; per Common Share, as of any date of determination, means the arithmetic average of the Weighted Average Price per
Common Share for each of the ten (10)&nbsp;consecutive Trading Days ending on the Trading Day immediately preceding such day, adjusted
to take into account the occurrence during such period of any event described in <U>Section&nbsp;7</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(u)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Daily
Simple SOFR</B>&quot; means the daily Secured Overnight Financing Rate provided by the FRBNY, as the administrator of the benchmark (or
a successor administrator), on the FRBNY&rsquo;s Website, effective as of the applicable date of determination.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(v)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Designee</B>&quot;
means Starboard Value and Opportunity Master Fund Ltd.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(w)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Distribution
Transaction</B>&quot; means any transaction by which a Subsidiary of the Company ceases to be a Subsidiary of the Company by reason of
the distribution of such Subsidiary's equity securities to holders of Common Shares, whether by means of a spin-off, split-off, redemption,
reclassification, exchange, share dividend, share distribution, rights offering or similar transaction, which equity securities are, or
when issued, will be, listed or admitted for trading on a U.S. national securities exchange.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(x)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>effective
date</B>&quot; means, for purpose of Section 7(a), the first date on which Common Shares trade on the applicable exchange or in the applicable market, regular way,
reflecting the relevant subdivision, combination or reclassification, as applicable (provided that, for the avoidance of doubt, any alternative
trading convention on the applicable exchange or market in respect of the Common Shares under a separate ticker symbol or CUSIP number
will not be considered &quot;regular way&quot; for purposes of this definition).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(y)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Eligible
Market</B>&quot; means the New York Stock Exchange, The Nasdaq Capital Market, The Nasdaq Global Market or The Nasdaq Global Select Market
(or any of their respective successors).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(z)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Equity
Conditions</B>&quot; means each of the following conditions: (i)&nbsp;all Common Shares issuable pursuant to the terms of these Articles
of Amendment as the result of a Mandatory Conversion Date, a Preferential Dividend Date or in respect of a conversion of Series&nbsp;A
Preferred Shares that are subject to a Company Redemption, as the case may be, shall be either (x)&nbsp;issuable without restrictive legends
and eligible for sale by such Holder without volume restrictions pursuant to Rule&nbsp;144 (or any successor thereto) and without the
requirement to be in compliance with Rule&nbsp;144(c)(1)&nbsp;(or any successor thereto) and without the need for registration under any
applicable federal or state securities laws or the need for a prospectus under applicable Canadian securities laws or (y)&nbsp;eligible
for resale upon issuance pursuant to an effective Registration Statement contemplated by the Registration Rights Agreement that is available
for use (and expected by the Company to be available for use for at least 30 consecutive calendar days after the applicable date of determination)
to the extent provided in the Registration Rights Agreement and, for the avoidance of doubt, not subject to (or expected by the Company
to be subject to for at least 30 consecutive calendar days after the applicable date of determination) an &quot;Allowable Grace Period&quot;
(as defined in the Registration Rights Agreement); (ii)&nbsp;the Common Shares referred to in clause (i)&nbsp;requiring the satisfaction
of the Equity Conditions when issued shall be, listed or designated for quotation on an Eligible Market and shall not have been suspended
at such time from trading on such exchange or market; (iii)&nbsp;the Common Shares referred to in clause (i)&nbsp;requiring the satisfaction
of the Equity Conditions, when issued, shall be duly authorized and (iv)&nbsp;if such Holder converted, in accordance with <U>Section&nbsp;6(c)</U>,
Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares after the delivery by Company of a Mandatory Conversion Notice or a Company Redemption Notice, the Company
shall have delivered to such Holder, subject to <U>Section&nbsp;6(e)</U>, all Common Shares required to be delivered in respect of such
conversions pursuant to <U>Section&nbsp;6(c)</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(aa)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Equity
Conditions Failure</B>&quot; means that as of the applicable date of determination the Equity Conditions have not each been satisfied
(or waived in writing by such Holder); provided that the Company's failure to satisfy the Equity Condition set forth in clause (iv)&nbsp;of
the definition of &quot;Equity Conditions&quot; with respect to a particular Holder shall only be deemed an Equity Condition Failure with
respect to such Holder (unless waived in writing by such Holder).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(bb)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Exchange
Act</B>&quot; means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(cc)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Ex-Dividend
Date</B>&quot; means, with respect to an issuance, dividend or distribution on the Common Shares, the first date on which Common Shares
trade on the applicable exchange or in the applicable market, regular way, without the right to receive such issuance, dividend or distribution
(including pursuant to due bills or similar arrangements required by the relevant share exchange). For the avoidance of doubt, any alternative
trading convention on the applicable exchange or market in respect of the Common Shares under a separate ticker symbol or CUSIP number
will not be considered &quot;regular way&quot; for this purpose.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(dd)</FONT>&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Fair
Market Value</B>&quot; means, with (1)&nbsp;respect to any security or other property, the fair market value of such security or other
property as reasonably determined in good faith by a majority of the Board, or an authorized committee thereof, (i)&nbsp;after consultation
with an Independent Financial Advisor, as to any security or other property with a Fair Market Value of less than US$50,000,000, or (ii)&nbsp;otherwise
using an Independent Financial Advisor to provide a valuation opinion (2)&nbsp;with respect to U.S. dollars, the face amount of such U.S.
dollars.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ee)</FONT>&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>First
Mandatory Conversion Period</B>&quot; means the period described in clause (i)&nbsp;of the definition of &quot;Mandatory Conversion Period&quot;
set forth in <U>Section&nbsp;18(uu)</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ff)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>FRBNY</B>&quot;
means the Federal Reserve Bank of New York.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(gg)</FONT>&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>FRBNY's
Website</B>&quot; means the website of the FRBNY at http://www.newyorkfed.org, or any successor source.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(hh)</FONT>&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Fundamental
Transaction</B>&quot; means (i)&nbsp;that the Company shall, (a)&nbsp;directly or indirectly, including through Subsidiaries,
Affiliates or otherwise, in one or more related transactions, consolidate, amalgamate or merge with or into (whether or not the
Company is the surviving corporation) another Person, or (b)&nbsp;directly or indirectly, including through Subsidiaries, Affiliates
or otherwise, in one or more related transactions, sell, assign, transfer, convey or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all
of the assets of the Company and its Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis to one or more Persons other than one or more of the
Company's Wholly-Owned Subsidiaries, or (c)&nbsp;directly or indirectly, including through Subsidiaries, Affiliates or otherwise, in
one or more related transactions, make, or allow a Person or Group to make, or allow the Company to be subject to or have its Common
Shares be subject to or party to any such Person or Group making, a purchase, tender or exchange offer that is accepted by the
holders of such number of Common Shares such that such Person or Group making or party to, such purchase, tender or exchange offer,
becomes the &quot;beneficial owner&quot; (as defined in Rule&nbsp;13d-3 under the Exchange Act) of at least 50% of the aggregate
voting power of the outstanding Common Shares or at least 50% of the aggregate voting power of the Company, or (d)&nbsp;directly or
indirectly, including through Subsidiaries, Affiliates or otherwise, in one or more related transactions, consummate a share
purchase agreement or other business combination (including, without limitation, a reorganization, recapitalization, spin-off or
scheme of arrangement) with a Person or Group (within the meaning of Section&nbsp;13(d)&nbsp;of the Exchange Act) whereby such
Person or Group acquires such number of Common Shares such that such Person or Group becomes the &ldquo;beneficial owner&rdquo; (as
defined in Rule&nbsp;13d-3 under the Exchange Act) of at least 50% of the aggregate voting power of the outstanding Common Shares or
at least 50% of the aggregate voting power of the Company, or (e)&nbsp;directly or indirectly, including through Subsidiaries,
Affiliates or otherwise, in one or more related transactions, reorganize, recapitalize or reclassify the Common Shares as a result
of which the Common Shares are converted into, or exchanged for, securities, cash, assets or other property or (ii)&nbsp;that the
Company shall, directly or indirectly, including through Subsidiaries, Affiliates or otherwise, in one or more related transactions,
allow any Person or Group (within the meaning of Section&nbsp;13(d)&nbsp;of the Exchange Act) to become the &quot;beneficial
owner&quot; (as defined in Rule&nbsp;13d-3 under the Exchange Act) of at least 50% of the aggregate voting power of the outstanding
Common Shares or at least 50% of the aggregate voting power of the Company. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the
foregoing, the consummation of the transactions contemplated by the Merger Agreement shall not constitute a Fundamental
Transaction.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ii)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Group</B>&quot;
means a &quot;group&quot; as that term is used in Section&nbsp;13(d)&nbsp;of the Exchange Act and as defined in Rule&nbsp;13d-5 thereunder.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(jj)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>HSR
Act</B>&quot; means the Hart-Scott-Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, as amended, and the rules&nbsp;and regulations promulgated
thereunder, and any successor to such statute, rules&nbsp;or regulations.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(kk)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>HSR
Amount</B>&quot; means the number of voting securities of the Company that may be obtained by an Acquiring Person (as defined by the HSR
Act, including the ultimate parent entity and all entities included within it, and taking into account any applicable exemptions) prior
to the HSR Date, without incurring a notification obligation under the HSR Act, with the number and class(es) of voting securities constituting
the HSR Amount to be determined by the HSR Holder in consultation with its legal counsel.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ll)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>HSR
Date</B>&quot; means the date on which all applicable approvals, clearances or waiting periods under the HSR Act shall have been obtained,
expired or been terminated.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(mm)</FONT>&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>HSR
Holder</B>&quot; means a Holder that is an Acquiring Person (as defined under the HSR Act) whose ability to acquire voting securities
of the Company in excess of the HSR Amount is restricted by the HSR Act prior to the HSR Date.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(nn)</FONT>&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Independent
Financial Advisor</B>&quot; means an accounting, appraisal, investment banking firm or consultant of nationally recognized standing; <U>provided</U>,
<U>however</U>, that such firm or consultant is not an Affiliate of the Company.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(oo)</FONT>&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Issuance
Date</B>&quot; means the Closing Date (as defined in the Securities Purchase Agreement).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(pp)</FONT>&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Issue
Price</B>&quot; means, per Series&nbsp;A Preferred Share, US$1.00.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(qq)</FONT>&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Liquidation
Event</B>&quot; means the voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company or such Subsidiaries the assets
of which constitute all or substantially all of the assets of the business of the Company and its Subsidiaries taken as a whole, in a
single transaction or series of transactions, or adoption of any plan for the same.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(rr)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Make-Whole
Amount</B>&quot; means a cash amount <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">per US$1.00 Conversion Amount of Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares
being redeemed in a Change of Control Redemption </FONT>determined by multiplying the Make-Whole Share Price applicable to the related
Change of Control by a number of additional Common Shares (the &quot;<B>Additional Shares</B>&quot;) as described below. Such number of
Additional Shares shall be determined by reference to the table below (the &quot;<B>Make-Whole Table</B>&quot;) based on the date on which
the applicable Change of Control occurs or becomes effective (the &quot;<B>Change of Control Effective Date</B>&quot;) and the Make-Whole
Share Price applicable to such Change of Control.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left"><B>Change of Control Effective
    Date</B></TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: bold 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">US$59.722</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: bold 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: bold 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">US$65</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: bold 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: bold 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">US$70</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: bold 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: bold 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">US$75</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: bold 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: bold 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">US$80</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: bold 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: bold 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">US$85</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: bold 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: bold 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">US$90</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: bold 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: bold 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">US$100</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: bold 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: bold 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">US$125</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: bold 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: bold 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">US$175</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: bold 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: bold 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">US$250</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: bold 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: bold 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">US$350</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: bold 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: bold 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">US$450</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: bold 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: bold 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: bold 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">US$550</TD><TD STYLE="padding-bottom: 1pt; font: bold 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: center">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 16%">January&nbsp;[25], 2023</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 3%; text-align: right">0.0025100</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 3%; text-align: right">0.0029600</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 3%; text-align: right">0.0030456</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 3%; text-align: right">0.0030456</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 3%; text-align: right">0.0028600</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 3%; text-align: right">0.0023300</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 3%; text-align: right">0.0020400</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 3%; text-align: right">0.0014000</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 3%; text-align: right">0.0010400</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 3%; text-align: right">0.0006400</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 3%; text-align: right">0.0003900</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 3%; text-align: right">0.0002400</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 3%; text-align: right">0.0001700</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 3%; text-align: right">0.0001200</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1%; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">January&nbsp;[25], 2024</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0026441</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0030456</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0030456</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0030456</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0029200</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0023700</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0020600</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0014400</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0008600</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0004900</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0002900</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0001900</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0001300</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0000900</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">January&nbsp;[25], 2025</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0026804</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0030456</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0030456</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0030456</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0029100</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0023700</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0020600</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0014100</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0006300</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0002900</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0001600</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0001000</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0000700</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0000500</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">January&nbsp;[25], 2026</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
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    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0029200</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0030456</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0030456</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0028100</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0023000</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0019900</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0013200</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0003600</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0000000</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0000000</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0000000</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0000000</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0000000</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">January&nbsp;[25], 2027</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0022427</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0027200</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0030456</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0030456</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0026500</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0021100</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0018600</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
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    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0003500</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0000000</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0000000</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0000000</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0000000</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0000000</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">January&nbsp;[25], 2028</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0020285</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0025300</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0029600</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0029900</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0025400</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0020200</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0017900</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
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    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0003300</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0000000</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0000000</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0000000</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0000000</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0000000</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">January&nbsp;[25], 2029</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0017580</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0022800</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0027000</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0027400</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0023100</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0018200</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0015900</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0010700</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0003100</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0000000</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0000000</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0000000</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0000000</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0000000</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">January&nbsp;[25], 2030</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0013647</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0018700</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0023200</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0023800</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0019600</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0015000</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0013100</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0008600</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0002600</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0000000</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0000000</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0000000</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0000000</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0000000</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: rgb(204,238,255)">
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">January&nbsp;[25], 2031</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0006762</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0011500</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0016200</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0017100</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0013500</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0010100</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0008300</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0005300</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0001800</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0000000</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0000000</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0000000</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0000000</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0000000</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom; background-color: White">
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">January&nbsp;[25], 2032</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0000000</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0000000</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0000000</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0000000</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0000000</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0000000</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0000000</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0000000</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0000000</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0000000</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0000000</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0000000</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0000000</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: right">0.0000000</TD><TD STYLE="font: 7pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify">The exact Make-Whole Share Price and
Change of Control Effective Date may not be set forth in the Make-Whole Table, in which case:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify">(1)&nbsp;if the Make-Whole Share Price
is between two such amounts in the Make-Whole Table or the Change of Control Effective Date is between two Change of Control Effective
Dates in the Make-Whole Table, the number of Additional Shares will be determined by straight-line interpolation between the number of
Additional Shares set forth for the higher and lower Make-Whole Share Prices and the earlier and later Change of Control Effective Dates,
as applicable, based on a 365-day year;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify">(2)&nbsp;if the Make-Whole Share Price
is greater than $550 (subject to adjustment in the same manner as the Make-Whole Share Prices set forth in the column headings of the
Make-Whole Table), the Make-Whole Amount will be $0; and</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify">(3)&nbsp; if the Make-Whole Share Price
is less than $59.722 (subject to adjustment in the same manner as the Make-Whole Share Prices set forth in the column headings of the
Make-Whole Table), the Make-Whole Amount will be $0.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify">The Make-Whole Share Prices set forth
in the column headings of the Make-Whole Table shall be adjusted as of any date on which the Conversion Rate is otherwise adjusted in
accordance with <U>Section&nbsp;7</U>. The adjusted Make-Whole Share Prices shall equal the Make-Whole Share Prices applicable immediately
prior to such adjustment, multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of which is the Conversion Rate immediately prior to such adjustment
giving rise to the Make-Whole Share Price adjustment and the denominator of which is the Conversion Rate as so adjusted. The number of
Additional Shares set forth in the Make-Whole Table shall be adjusted in the same manner and at the same time as the Conversion Rate as
set forth in <U>Section&nbsp;7</U>.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify">In no event shall the Make-Whole Amount
be greater than or less than the maximum and minimum values set forth in the table above and no Make-Whole Amount shall be paid with respect
to a Change of Control occurring on or after January&nbsp;[26], 2032.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ss)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Make-Whole
Share Price</B>&quot; means (i)&nbsp;the cash amount paid per Common Share, if the holders of Common Shares receive only cash in the applicable
Change of Control or (ii)&nbsp;in any other situation, the simple average of the Weighted Average Price of the Common Shares over the
five (5)&nbsp;consecutive Trading Day period ending on, and including, the Trading Day immediately preceding the Change of Control Effective
Date of the Change of Control.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(tt)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Mandatory
Conversion Measuring Period</B>&quot; means the thirty (30) consecutive Trading Day period following the first Trading Day of the applicable
Mandatory Conversion Period during which the Mandatory Conversion Price Condition is satisfied.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(uu)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Mandatory
Conversion Period</B>&quot; means each of (i)&nbsp;the period commencing on January&nbsp;[25], 2026 and ending on January&nbsp;[25],
2030, exclusive and (i)&nbsp;the period from and after January&nbsp;[25], 2030.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(vv)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Mandatory
Conversion Price Condition</B>&quot; will be deemed satisfied for purposes of these Articles of Amendment: (i)&nbsp;with respect to a
Mandatory Conversion for which a Mandatory Conversion Notice is delivered in accordance with Section&nbsp;6(d)&nbsp;during the First
Mandatory Conversion Period, if the Closing Sale Price of the Common Shares has equaled or exceeded 190% of the Conversion Price as of
the Issuance Date (as adjusted for any share dividend, share split, share combination, reclassification or similar transaction relating
to the Common Shares occurring after the Issuance Date pursuant to Section&nbsp;7) during twenty (20) Trading Days (whether or not consecutive)
occurring in any thirty (30) consecutive Trading Day period occurring on or after January&nbsp;[25], 2026 and ending on the Trading Day
immediately preceding the Mandatory Conversion Notice Date related to such Mandatory Conversion and (ii)&nbsp;with respect to a Mandatory
Conversion for which a Mandatory Conversion Notice is delivered in accordance with Section&nbsp;6(d)&nbsp;during the Second Mandatory
Conversion Period, if the Closing Sale Price of the Common Shares has equaled or exceeded 175% of the Conversion Price as of the Issuance
Date (as adjusted for any share dividend, share split, share combination, reclassification or similar transaction relating to the Common
Shares occurring after the Issuance Date pursuant to Section&nbsp;7) during twenty (20) Trading Days (whether or not consecutive) occurring
in any thirty (30) consecutive Trading Day period occurring on or after January&nbsp;[25], 2030<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><SUP>
</SUP></FONT>and ending on the Trading Day immediately preceding the Mandatory Conversion Notice Date related to such Mandatory Conversion.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ww)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Merger
Agreement</B>&quot; means that certain Agreement and Plan of Merger and Reorganization, dated as of November&nbsp;7, 2022, by and among
the Company,&nbsp;IAA,&nbsp;Inc., a Delaware corporation, and the other parties thereto, as may be amended, amended and restated, supplemented
or otherwise modified from time to time.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(xx)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Minimum
Ownership Threshold</B>&quot; means twenty five percent (25.0%) of the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares outstanding as of the applicable
date of determination.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(yy)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Offer
to Repurchase Percentage</B>&quot; means such percentage of Common Shares being redeemed or repurchased by the Company (including Common
Shares into which Junior Shares, options or warrants, which are being so redeemed or repurchased, are convertible, exchangeable or exercisable)
out of the total number of Common Shares (including Common Shares into which such Junior Shares, options or warrants of the Company are
convertible, exchangeable or exercisable, which are so being redeemed or repurchased) issued and outstanding (or in respect of any such
Junior Shares, options or warrants, which are so being redeemed or repurchased, which are reserved for issuance upon conversion, exchange
or exercise thereof) as of the applicable time of determination.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(zz)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Offer
to Repurchase Price</B>&quot; means the greater of (x)&nbsp;the Conversion Amount of the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares subject to
the applicable Offer to Repurchase and (y)&nbsp;the amount set forth in (x)&nbsp;increased by the same percentage as the premium
paid to the holders of each Common Share (including Common Shares into which Junior Shares, options or warrants of the Company are
convertible, exchangeable or exercisable) giving rise to the applicable Offer to Repurchase determined based on the purchase price
relative to the Closing Sale Price of the Common Shares on the Trading Day the Company purchases such Common Share, Junior Share,
option or warrant (unless such purchase occurs on a day that is not a Trading Day, in which case the Closing Sale Price from the
immediately preceding Trading will be used in the determination of such premium). To the extent there is more than one Offer to
Repurchase Event in a Calendar Quarter, the premium referred to in the immediately preceding sentence will be based on a weighted
average calculation determined by the Company in good faith.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(aaa)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Offer
to Repurchase Pro Rata Portion</B>&quot; means, for each Holder, a fraction the numerator of which is the number of Series&nbsp;A Preferred
Shares held by such Holder at the applicable time of determination and the denominator of which is the total number of Series&nbsp;A Preferred
Shares outstanding at the applicable time of determination. In the event that a Holder shall sell or otherwise transfer any of its Series&nbsp;A
Preferred Shares, the transferee shall be allocated a pro rata portion of the transferring Holder's Offer to Repurchase Pro Rata Portion.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(bbb)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>open
of business</B>&quot; means 9:00 a.m.&nbsp;(New York City time).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ccc)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Person</B>&quot;
means an individual, a limited liability company, a partnership (limited or general), a joint venture, a corporation, a trust, an unincorporated
organization, any other entity and a government or any department or agency thereof.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ddd)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Principal
Market</B>&quot; means the New York Stock Exchange (or its successor).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(eee)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>record
date</B>&quot; means, with respect to any dividend, distribution or other transaction or event in which the holders of the Common Shares
have the right to receive any cash, securities or other property or in which the Common Shares are exchanged for or converted into any
combination of cash, securities or other property, the date fixed for determination of holders of the Common Shares entitled to receive
such cash, securities or other property (whether such date is fixed by the Board or by statute, contract or otherwise).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(fff)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Registration
Rights Agreement</B>&quot; means that certain registration rights agreement dated as of the Subscription Date by and among the Company
and the initial holders of the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares relating to, among other things, the registration of the resale of the Common
Shares issuable pursuant to the terms of these Articles of Amendment, as may be amended, amended and restated, supplemented or otherwise
modified from time to time.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ggg)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Registration
Statement</B>&quot; shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in the Registration Rights Agreement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(hhh)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Required
Holders</B>&quot; means the Holders representing at least a majority of the aggregate Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares then outstanding
and shall include the Designee so long as the Designee and/or any of its Affiliates is a Holder who beneficially owns, in the aggregate,
at least the Minimum Ownership Threshold.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(iii)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Second
Mandatory Conversion Period</B>&quot; means the period described in clause (ii)&nbsp;of the definition of &quot;Mandatory Conversion Period&quot;
set forth in <U>Section&nbsp;18(uu)</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(jjj)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Securities
Act</B>&quot; means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(kkk)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Securities
Purchase Agreement</B>&quot; means the Securities Purchase Agreement, dated as of the Subscription Date, by and among the Company and
the initial holders of the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares, relating to, among other things, the purchase and sale of the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares, as
may be amended, amended and restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(lll)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Subscription
Date</B>&quot; means January&nbsp;22, 2023.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(mmm)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Subsidiaries</B>&quot;
means any joint venture or entity in which the Company, directly or indirectly, owns more than 50% of the voting power of shares of capital
or other equity or similar interest, including any subsidiaries formed or acquired after the Subscription Date.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(nnn)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Trading
Day</B>&quot; means any day on which (i)&nbsp;the Common Shares (or other security for which a Closing Sale Price or other price must
be determined) are traded on the Principal Market, or, if the Principal Market is not the principal U.S. trading market for the Common
Shares (or such other security) on such day, then on another Eligible Market on which the Common Shares (or such other security) are then
traded or, if the Common Shares (or such other security) are not then listed on an Eligible Market, on the principal other U.S. market
on which the Common Shares (or such other security) are then traded and (ii)&nbsp;a Closing Sale Price (or such other price) is for the
Common Shares (or such other security) is available on such securities exchange or market; provided that if the Common Shares (or such
other security) are not so listed or traded, &ldquo;<B>Trading Day</B>&rdquo; means a Business Day.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ooo)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Transfer
Agent</B>&quot; means Computershare Trust Company of Canada or such other agent or agents of the Company as may be designated by the Board
as the transfer agent for the Common Shares.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(ppp)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Weighted
Average Price</B>&quot; means per share volume-weighted average price as displayed under the heading &ldquo;Bloomberg VWAP&rdquo; on Bloomberg
page&nbsp;&ldquo;RBA &lt;equity&gt; AQR&rdquo; (or its equivalent successor if such page&nbsp;is not available) (or the applicable Bloomberg
page&nbsp;with respect to the common shares or other equity interests referred to in the definition &ldquo;FMV&rdquo; in <U>Section&nbsp;7(a)(iv)</U>)
in respect of the period from the scheduled open of trading until the scheduled close of trading of the primary trading session on such
Trading Day (or if such volume-weighted average price is unavailable, the market value of one Common Share (or such other common share
or equity interest referred to in the definition &ldquo;FMV&rdquo; in <U>Section&nbsp;7(a)(iv)</U>) on such Trading Day reasonably determined,
using a volume-weighted average method, by a nationally recognized independent investment banking firm retained for this purpose by the
Company). The &ldquo;<B>Weighted Average Price</B>&rdquo; shall be determined without regard to after-hours trading or any other trading
outside of the regular trading session trading hours.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(qqq)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Wholly-Owned
Subsidiary</B>&quot; means, with respect to any Person, any direct or indirect Subsidiary of such Person, except that, solely for purposes
of this definition, the reference to &quot;more than 50%&quot; in the definition of &quot;Subsidiary&quot; shall be deemed replaced by
a reference to &quot;100%,&quot; the calculation of which shall exclude nominal amounts of the voting power of shares of capital stock
or other interests in the relevant Subsidiary not held by such Person to the extent required to satisfy local minority interest requirements
outside of the United States.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">* * * * *</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><U>EXHIBIT&nbsp;I</U></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>RITCHIE BROS. AUCTIONEERS INCORPORATED</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">CONVERSION NOTICE</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Reference is made to the Articles
of Amendment of Ritchie Bros. Auctioneers Incorporated (the &quot;<B>Articles of Amendment</B>&quot;) creating the Series&nbsp;A Senior
Preferred Shares. In accordance with and pursuant to the Articles of Amendment, the undersigned hereby elects to convert the number of
Series&nbsp;A Senior Preferred Shares (the &quot;<B>Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares</B>&quot;), of Ritchie Bros. Auctioneers Incorporated,
a company incorporated in Canada (the &quot;<B>Company</B>&quot;), indicated below into Common Shares (the &quot;<B>Common Shares</B>&quot;),
of the Company, as of the date specified below.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0" STYLE="width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
  <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.5in; width: 20%">Date of Conversion:</TD>
  <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 80%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0" STYLE="width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
  <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; padding-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.01pt; width: 42%">Number of Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares to be converted:</TD>
  <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -0.01pt; width: 58%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0" STYLE="width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
  <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; padding-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.01pt; width: 25%">Tax ID Number (If applicable):</TD>
  <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -0.01pt; width: 75%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0" STYLE="width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
  <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -0.01pt; width: 30%">Please confirm the following information:</TD>
  <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -0.01pt; width: 70%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0" STYLE="width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
  <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.01pt; width: 18%">Conversion Rate:</TD>
  <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -0.01pt; width: 82%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0" STYLE="width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
  <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.01pt; width: 35%">Number of Common Shares to be issued:</TD>
  <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -0.01pt; width: 65%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Please issue the Common Shares into which the Series&nbsp;A Preferred
Shares are being converted to the Holder, or for its benefit, as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings; color: Black"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&#168;</FONT></FONT>
To the undersigned's account on the records of the Transfer Agent</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0" STYLE="width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
  <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.01pt; width: 15%">Issue to: </TD>
  <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: justify; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -0.01pt; width: 55%">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -0.01pt; width: 30%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
  <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.01pt">&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -0.01pt">&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -0.01pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
  <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.01pt">&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: justify; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -0.01pt">&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -0.01pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
  <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.01pt; width: 15%">Address:</TD>
  <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: justify; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -0.01pt; width: 55%">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -0.01pt; width: 30%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
  <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.01pt; width: 22%">Telephone Number: </TD>
  <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: justify; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -0.01pt; width: 48%">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -0.01pt; width: 30%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
  <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.01pt; width: 25%">Tax Identification Number:</TD>
  <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; text-align: justify; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -0.01pt; width: 45%">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD STYLE="text-align: justify; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -0.01pt; width: 30%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Wingdings">&#168;</FONT></FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">If
the securities are unrestricted, check here if requesting delivery by Deposit/Withdrawal at Custodian as follows:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0" STYLE="width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
  <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.01pt; width: 18%">DTC Participant:</TD>
  <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -0.01pt; width: 42%">&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -0.01pt; width: 40%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
  <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.01pt; width: 15%">DTC Number:</TD>
  <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -0.01pt; width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -0.01pt; width: 35%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0" STYLE="width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
  <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.01pt; width: 18%">Account Number:</TD>
  <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -0.01pt; width: 42%">&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -0.01pt; width: 40%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><I>Note: Initially, the common shares issued upon conversion will include
restrictive legends and will not be able to be processed through DTC.</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Payment</FONT>
Instructions for cash payment in lieu of fractional shares:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0" STYLE="width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
  <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -0.01pt; width: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -0.01pt; width: 45%">&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -0.01pt; width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
  <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -0.01pt">&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -0.01pt">&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -0.01pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
  <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -0.01pt">&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -0.01pt">&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -0.01pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
  <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -0.01pt">&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -0.01pt">&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -0.01pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
  <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -0.01pt">&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -0.01pt">&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -0.01pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0" STYLE="width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
  <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.01pt; width: 18%">Authorization:</TD>
  <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -0.01pt; width: 42%">&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -0.01pt; width: 40%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0" STYLE="width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
  <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.5in; width: 3%">By:&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-left: 0.5in; width: 47%">&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -0.01pt; width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
  <TD STYLE="padding-left: 0.5in">Title:&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-left: 0.5in">&nbsp;</TD>
  <TD STYLE="padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -0.01pt">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in">Dated:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0" STYLE="width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
  <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; padding-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.01pt; width: 40%">Account Number (if electronic book entry transfer):</TD>
  <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -0.01pt; width: 60%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" BORDER="0" STYLE="width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
  <TD STYLE="white-space: nowrap; padding-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.01pt; width: 50%">Transaction Code Number (if electronic book entry transfer):</TD>
  <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; padding-left: 10pt; text-indent: -0.01pt; width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>[</B></FONT>NOTE
TO HOLDER -- THIS FORM&nbsp;MUST BE SENT CONCURRENTLY TO TRANSFER AGENT<B>]</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>ACKNOWLEDGMENT</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">The
Company hereby acknowledges this Conversion Notice and hereby directs Computershare Trust Company of Canada to issue the above indicated
number of Common Shares in accordance with the </FONT>Standing Transfer Agent Instructions dated [&#9679;], 20[&#9679;] from the Company
and acknowledged and agreed to by Computershare Trust Company of Canada.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">RITCHIE BROS. AUCTIONEERS INCORPORATED</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 4%">By:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 46%">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Name:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">Title:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white"><B><U>EXHIBIT&nbsp;B</U></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white"><B>Form&nbsp;of
Registration Rights Agreement</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 113 -->
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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>REGISTRATION RIGHTS AGREEMENT</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>REGISTRATION
RIGHTS AGREEMENT</B></FONT> (this &quot;<B>Agreement</B>&quot;), dated as of January&nbsp;[&#9679;], 2023, by and among Ritchie Bros.
Auctioneers Incorporated, a company organized under the federal laws of Canada, with headquarters located at 9500 Glenlyon Parkway, Burnaby,
British Columbia, Canada V5J0C6 (the &quot;<B>Company</B>&quot;), the investors listed on the Schedule of Buyers attached hereto (each,
a &quot;<B>Buyer</B>&quot; and collectively, the &quot;<B>Buyers</B>&quot;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>WHEREAS</B></FONT>:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">A.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">In
connection with the Securities Purchase Agreement by and among the parties hereto dated as of January&nbsp;22, 2023 (the &quot;<B>Securities
Purchase Agreement</B>&quot;), the Company has agreed, upon the terms and subject to the conditions of the Securities Purchase Agreement,
to issue and sell to each Buyer the Company's (i)&nbsp;Series&nbsp;A Senior Preferred Shares, without par value (the &quot;<B>Series&nbsp;A
Preferred Shares</B>&quot;), which will, among other things, be convertible into a certain number of the Company's common shares, without
par value (the &quot;<B>Common Shares</B>&quot;) (the Common Shares issuable pursuant to the terms of the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares,
the &quot;<B>Conversion Shares</B>&quot;) in accordance with the terms of the Articles of Amendment governing the Series&nbsp;A Preferred
Shares; and (ii)&nbsp;Common Shares (such Common Shares being purchased pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement, the &quot;<B>Common
Purchased Shares</B>&quot;).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">B.</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">In
accordance with the terms of the Securities Purchase Agreement, the Company has agreed to provide certain registration rights under the
Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules&nbsp;and regulations thereunder, or any similar successor statute (collectively, the
 &quot;<B>1933 Act</B>&quot;), and applicable state securities laws.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>NOW,
THEREFORE,</B></FONT> in consideration of the premises and the mutual covenants contained herein and other good and valuable consideration,
the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the Company and each of the Buyers hereby agree as follows:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">1.</FONT><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Definitions</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Capitalized terms used herein
and not otherwise defined herein shall have the respective meanings set forth in the Securities Purchase Agreement. As used in this Agreement,
the following terms shall have the following meanings:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Adverse
Disclosure</B>&quot; means public disclosure of material non-public information that, in the good faith judgment of the Company: (i)&nbsp;would
be required to be made in any registration statement or report filed with the SEC by the Company so that such registration statement would
not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein
not misleading; (ii)&nbsp;would not be required to be made at such time but for the filing, effectiveness or continued use of such registration
statement; and (iii)&nbsp;the Company has a bona fide business purpose for not disclosing publicly.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<!-- Field: Page; Sequence: 114 -->
    <DIV STYLE="margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; border-bottom: Black 1pt solid"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Business
Day</B>&quot; means any day other than Saturday, Sunday or any other day on which commercial banks in The City of New York, New York and
Toronto, Ontario are authorized or required by law to remain closed; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, for clarification, commercial banks
shall not be deemed to be authorized or required by law to remain closed due to &quot;stay at home&quot;, &quot;shelter-in-place&quot;,
 &quot;non-essential employee&quot; or any other similar orders or restrictions or the closure of any physical branch locations at the
direction of any governmental authority so long as the electronic funds transfer systems (including for wire transfers) of commercial
banks in The City of New York, New York and Toronto, Ontario generally are open for use by customers on such day.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Closing
Date</B>&quot; shall have the meaning set forth in the Securities Purchase Agreement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Designee</B>&quot;
means Starboard Value and Opportunity Fund LP, directly or indirectly through one or more entities.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(e)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>effective</B>&quot;
and &quot;<B>effectiveness</B>&quot; refer to a Registration Statement that has been declared effective by the SEC or becomes effective
in accordance with SEC rules&nbsp;and applicable law and is available for the resale of the Registrable Securities required to be covered
thereby.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(f)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Effective
Date</B>&quot; means the date that a Registration Statement has been declared effective by the SEC or becomes effective in accordance
with SEC rules&nbsp;and applicable law.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(g)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Effectiveness
Deadline</B>&quot; means the earlier of (1)&nbsp;one Business Day after the date that the Company's and IAA,&nbsp;Inc.'s shareholders
shall have voted upon the transactions contemplated by the Agreement and Plan of Merger and Reorganization, dated as of November&nbsp;7,
2022, by and among the Company, Ritchie Bros. Holdings,&nbsp;Inc., a Washington corporation,&nbsp;Impala Merger Sub I, LLC, a Delaware
limited liability company,&nbsp;Impala Merger Sub II, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, and IAA,&nbsp;Inc., a Delaware corporation
(the &ldquo;Merger Agreement&rdquo;), (2)&nbsp;one Business Day after the date the Merger Agreement is terminated in accordance with its
terms, and (3)&nbsp;[&#9679;], 2023.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><SUP>1</SUP></FONT></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(h)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Eligible
Market</B>&quot; means the Principal Market, The Nasdaq Capital Market, The Nasdaq Global Market or The Nasdaq Global Select Market.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(i)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Filing
Date</B>&quot; means the date on which a Registration Statement is filed with the SEC.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(j)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Investor</B>&quot;
means a Buyer or any transferee or assignee thereof to whom a Buyer assigns its rights under this Agreement and who agrees to become bound
by the provisions of this Agreement in accordance with Section&nbsp;9 and any transferee or assignee thereof to whom a transferee or assignee
assigns its rights under this Agreement and who agrees to become bound by the provisions of this Agreement in accordance with Section&nbsp;9.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><SUP>1</SUP> <U>NTD</U>: Insert the date that is four (4) months and
one (1) day following the Closing Date.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(k)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Person</B>&quot;
means an individual, a limited liability company, a partnership, a joint venture, a corporation, a trust, an unincorporated organization
and a government or any department or agency thereof.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(l)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Principal
Market</B>&quot; means The New York Stock Exchange,&nbsp;Inc. and the Toronto Stock Exchange.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(m)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>register</B>,&quot;
 &quot;<B>registered</B>,&quot; and &quot;<B>registration</B>&quot; refer to a registration effected by preparing and filing one or more
Registration Statements (as defined below) in compliance with the 1933 Act and pursuant to Rule&nbsp;415, and the declaration or ordering
of effectiveness of such Registration Statement(s)&nbsp;by the SEC or the automatic effectiveness of such Registration Statement(s)&nbsp;in
accordance with SEC rules&nbsp;and applicable law.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(n)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Registrable
Securities</B>&quot; means (i)&nbsp;the Common Purchased Shares, (ii)&nbsp;the Conversion Shares issued or issuable upon conversion of
the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares, and (iii)&nbsp;any capital shares of the Company issued or issuable, with respect to the Common Purchased
Shares or the Conversion Shares as a result of any share split, share dividend, recapitalization, exchange or similar event or otherwise,
without regard to any limitations on the issuance of Common Shares pursuant to the terms of the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares, in each
case, that are held by an Investor; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that any such securities shall cease to be Registrable Securities
when: (a)&nbsp;such securities have been sold, exchanged or otherwise transferred pursuant to an effective Registration Statement under
the 1933 Act, (b)&nbsp;such Registrable Securities are sold in accordance with Rule&nbsp;144 (or any similar rule&nbsp;or regulation hereafter
adopted by the SEC) promulgated by the SEC pursuant to the 1933 Act, (c)&nbsp;such securities shall have been otherwise transferred, new
certificates or book-entry interests for such securities not bearing a legend restricting further transfer shall have been delivered by
the Company and subsequent public distribution of such securities shall not require registration under the 1933 Act, (d)&nbsp;such securities
become eligible for resale by an Investor under Rule&nbsp;144 without volume restrictions and without the requirement to be in compliance
with Rule&nbsp;144(c)(1), or (e)&nbsp;such securities are no longer outstanding.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(o)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Registration
Statement</B>&quot; means a registration statement or registration statements of the Company filed under the 1933 Act including the prospectus,
amendments and supplements to such registration statement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(p)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Required
Holders</B>&quot; means the holders of at least a majority of the Registrable Securities and shall include the Designee so long as the
Designee or any of its affiliates holds Registrable Securities.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(q)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Rule&nbsp;415</B>&quot;
means Rule&nbsp;415 promulgated under the 1933 Act or any successor rule&nbsp;providing for offering securities on a continuous or delayed
basis.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(r)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Rule&nbsp;416</B>&quot;
means Rule&nbsp;416 promulgated under the 1933 Act or any successor rule&nbsp;providing for registration of securities to be issued as
a result of share splits, share dividends and anti-dilution provisions.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(s)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>SEC</B>&quot;
means the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(t)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&quot;<B>Trading
Day</B>&quot; means any day on which the Common Shares are traded on the Principal Market, or, if the Principal Market is not the principal
trading market for the Common Shares on such day, then on the principal securities exchange or securities market on which the Common Shares
are then traded.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">2.</FONT><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Registration</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Mandatory
Registration</U>. The Company shall prepare and file with the SEC a Registration Statement on Form&nbsp;S-3 (if the Company is eligible
to use such form) covering the resale of all of the Registrable Securities and shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to have such
Registration Statement declared effective by the SEC or to become effective in accordance with SEC rules&nbsp;and applicable law no later
than the Effectiveness Deadline. In the event that Form&nbsp;S-3 is unavailable for such a registration or the Company ceases to be eligible
to file or use a Registration Statement on Form&nbsp;S-3, the Company shall use another appropriate form and shall provide for the registration
of such Registrable Securities for resale by the Investors in accordance with any reasonable method of distribution elected by the Investors.
The Registration Statement prepared pursuant to this Section&nbsp;2(a)&nbsp;shall register for resale at least 110% of the maximum number
of Common Purchased Shares and Conversion Shares then issued and issuable pursuant to the Securities Purchase Agreement and the terms
of the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares (without regard to any limitation on the issuance of Conversion Shares pursuant to the terms of
the Series&nbsp;A Preferred Shares) determined as of the date the Registration Statement is initially filed with the SEC, plus such additional
Common Shares or Conversion Shares issuable as a result of share splits, share dividends and anti-dilution provisions pursuant to Rule&nbsp;416,
subject to adjustment as provided in Section&nbsp;2(d)&nbsp;(the &quot;<B>Required Registration Amount</B>&quot;). The Registration Statement
shall contain (except if not permitted under SEC regulations or not advisable under SEC rules&nbsp;or guidance) the &quot;<U>Plan of Distribution</U>&quot;
and &quot;<U>Selling Stockholders</U>&quot; sections in a form reasonably acceptable to the Investors. By 5:30 p.m.&nbsp;New York time
on the second Business Day following the Effective Date of such Registration Statement, the Company shall file with the SEC in accordance
with Rule&nbsp;424 under the 1933 Act (&quot;<B>Rule&nbsp;424</B>&quot;) the final prospectus to be used in connection with sales pursuant
to such Registration Statement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Allocation
of Registrable Securities</U>. The initial number of Registrable Securities included in any Registration Statement and any increase or
decrease in the number of Registrable Securities included therein shall be allocated pro rata among the Investors based on the number
of Registrable Securities held by each Investor at the time the Registration Statement covering such initial number of Registrable Securities
or increase or decrease thereof is declared effective by the SEC or becomes effective in accordance with SEC rules&nbsp;and applicable
law. In the event that an Investor sells or otherwise transfers any of such Investor's Registrable Securities, each transferee shall be
allocated a pro rata portion of the then remaining number of Registrable Securities included in such Registration Statement for such transferor.
Any Common Shares included in a Registration Statement and which remain allocated to any Person which ceases to hold any Registrable Securities
covered by such Registration Statement shall be allocated to the remaining Investors, pro rata based on the number of Registrable Securities
then held by such Investors which are covered by such Registration Statement. In the event (I)&nbsp;of an underwritten offering, if the
Company shall reasonably determine (after consultation with the relevant underwriter) that the amount of Registrable Securities requested
to be included in such underwritten offering exceeds the amount which can be sold in such offering without adversely affecting the distribution
of the Registrable Securities being offered or (II)&nbsp;the staff of the SEC limits the number of Registrable Securities permitted to
be registered pursuant to Rule&nbsp;415, then the Company will include in such offering only (I)&nbsp;such number of securities that can
be sold without adversely affecting the marketability of the offering or (II)&nbsp;the maximum number of securities permitted by the staff
of the SEC to be included in such Registration Statement, as applicable, which securities will be so included in the following order of
priority: (i)&nbsp;first, the Registrable Securities of the Investors that have requested to participate in such underwritten offering,
allocated pro rata among such Investors on the basis of the percentage of the Registrable Securities requested to be included in such
offering by such Investors, and (ii)&nbsp;second, any other securities of the Company held by other investors in the Company's securities
or that are newly issued by the Company and that the Company has determined to include in such underwritten offering.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Legal
Counsel</U>. Subject to Section&nbsp;5 hereof, the Required Holders shall have the right to select one legal counsel to review and oversee
any registration pursuant to this Section&nbsp;2 (&quot;<B>Legal Counsel</B>&quot;), which shall be Schulte Roth&nbsp;&amp; Zabel LLP
or such other counsel as thereafter designated by the Required Holders. The Company and Legal Counsel shall reasonably cooperate with
each other in performing the Company's obligations under this Agreement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Sufficient
Number of Shares Registered</U>. In the event the number of shares available under a Registration Statement filed pursuant to Section&nbsp;2(a)&nbsp;is
insufficient to cover the amount of Registrable Securities required to be covered by such Registration Statement pursuant to Section&nbsp;2(a)&nbsp;or
an Investor's allocated portion of the Registrable Securities pursuant to Section&nbsp;2(b), the Company shall supplement or amend the
applicable Registration Statement, or file a new Registration Statement (on the short form available therefor, if applicable), or both,
so as to cover at least the amount of Registrable Securities required to be covered by such Registration Statement as of the Trading Day
immediately preceding the date of the filing of such amendment or new Registration Statement, in each case, as soon as practicable, but
in any event not later than fifteen (15) Business Days after the necessity therefor arises and an Investor provides written notice of
such necessity to the Company. The Company shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause such amendment and/or new Registration
Statement to become effective as soon as practicable following the filing thereof.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(e)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Specific
Performance</U>. Without limiting the remedies available to the Investors, the Company acknowledges that any failure by the Company to
comply with its obligations under this Section&nbsp;2 will result in material irreparable injury to the Investors for which there is no
adequate remedy at law, that it would not be possible to measure damages for such injuries precisely and that, in the event of any such
failure, the Investors may obtain such relief as may be required to specifically enforce the Company's obligations under this Section&nbsp;2.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">&nbsp;</P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">3.</FONT><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Related
Obligations</U>.</FONT>&#8239;</P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">At such time as the Company
is obligated to file a Registration Statement with the SEC pursuant to Section&#8239;2(a), 2(d)&#8239;or 2(e), the Company will use its
commercially reasonable efforts to effect the registration of the Registrable Securities in accordance with the intended method of disposition
thereof and, pursuant thereto, the Company shall have the following obligations:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The
Company shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to keep each Registration Statement effective pursuant to Rule&#8239;415 at all times
until the date on which the Investors no longer hold any Series&#8239;A Preferred Shares and Registrable Securities (the &quot;<B>Registration
Period</B>&quot;). The Company shall ensure that each Registration Statement (including any amendments or supplements thereto and prospectuses
contained therein) shall not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein,
or necessary to make the statements therein (in the case of prospectuses, in the light of the circumstances in which they were made) not
misleading.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The
Company shall prepare and file with the SEC such amendments (including post-effective amendments) and supplements to a Registration Statement
and the prospectus used in connection with such Registration Statement, which prospectus is to be filed pursuant to Rule&#8239;424, as
may be necessary to keep such Registration Statement effective at all times during the Registration Period, and, during such period, comply
with the provisions of the 1933 Act with respect to the disposition of all Registrable Securities of the Company covered by such Registration
Statement until such time as all of such Registrable Securities shall have been disposed of in accordance with the intended methods of
disposition by the seller or sellers thereof as set forth in such Registration Statement or no longer constitute Registrable Securities.
In the case of amendments and supplements to a Registration Statement which are required to be filed pursuant to this Agreement (including
pursuant to this Section&#8239;3(b)) by reason of the Company filing a report on Form&#8239;10-K, Form&#8239;10-Q or Form&#8239;8-K or any
analogous report under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the &quot;<B>1934 Act</B>&quot;), the Company shall have incorporated
such report by reference into such Registration Statement, if applicable, or shall file such amendments or supplements with the SEC on
the same day on which the 1934 Act report is filed which created the requirement for the Company to amend or supplement such Registration
Statement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The
Company shall provide Legal Counsel a reasonable opportunity to review and comment upon (with respect to information regarding the Investors
or the intended plan of distribution) (i)&#8239;a Registration Statement prior to its filing with the SEC and (ii)&#8239;all amendments
and supplements to all Registration Statements (except for Annual Reports on Form&#8239;10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form&#8239;10-Q, Current
Reports on Form&#8239;8-K, and any similar or successor reports) prior to their filing with the SEC. The Company shall furnish to Legal
Counsel, without charge, (i)&#8239;copies of any correspondence from the SEC or the staff of the SEC to the Company or its representatives
relating to any Registration Statement, (ii)&#8239;promptly after the same is prepared and filed with the SEC, one copy of any Registration
Statement and any amendment(s)&#8239;thereto, including financial statements and schedules, all documents incorporated therein by reference
(to the extent not previously provided), if requested by such Legal Counsel, and all exhibits, and (iii)&#8239;upon the effectiveness of
any Registration Statement, one copy of the prospectus included in such Registration Statement and all amendments and supplements thereto,
in each case, which copies may be furnished in electronic form; provided that the Company shall be deemed to have furnished any of the
foregoing if the Company files such documents with the SEC. The Company and Legal Counsel shall reasonably cooperate in performing their
respective obligations pursuant to this Section&#8239;3.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The
Company shall furnish to each Investor whose Registrable Securities are included in any Registration Statement, without charge, (i)&#8239;promptly
after the same is prepared and filed with the SEC, at least one copy of such Registration Statement and any amendment(s)&#8239;thereto,
including financial statements and schedules, all documents incorporated therein by reference (to the extent not previously provided),
if requested by such Investor, all exhibits and each preliminary prospectus, which copies may be furnished in electronic form, (ii)&#8239;upon
the effectiveness of any Registration Statement, a reasonable number of copies of the prospectus included in such Registration Statement
and all amendments and supplements thereto as such Investor may reasonably request, and (iii)&#8239;such other documents, including copies
of any preliminary or final prospectus, as such Investor may reasonably request from time to time in order to facilitate the disposition
of the Registrable Securities owned by such Investor, which copies may be furnished in electronic form; provided that the Company shall
be deemed to have furnished any of the foregoing if the Company files such documents with the SEC.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(e)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The
Company shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to (i)&#8239;register and qualify, unless an exemption from registration and qualification
applies, the resale by Investors of the Registrable Securities covered by a Registration Statement under such other securities or &quot;blue
sky&quot; laws of all applicable jurisdictions in the United States, (ii)&#8239;prepare and file in those jurisdictions such amendments
(including post-effective amendments) and supplements to such registrations and qualifications as may be necessary to maintain the effectiveness
thereof during the Registration Period, (iii)&#8239;take such other actions as may be necessary to maintain such registrations and qualifications
in effect at all times during the Registration Period, and (iv)&#8239;take all other actions reasonably necessary or advisable to qualify
the Registrable Securities for sale in such jurisdictions; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that the Company shall not be required in
connection therewith or as a condition thereto to (x)&#8239;qualify to do business in any jurisdiction where it would not otherwise be
required to qualify but for this Section&#8239;3(e), (y)&#8239;subject itself to general taxation in any such jurisdiction, or (z)&#8239;file
a general consent to service of process in any such jurisdiction. The Company shall promptly notify Legal Counsel and each Investor in
writing of the receipt by the Company of any notification with respect to the suspension of the registration or qualification of any of
the Registrable Securities for sale under the securities or &quot;blue sky&quot; laws of any jurisdiction in the United States or its
receipt of actual notice of the initiation or threatening of any proceeding for such purpose.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(f)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The
Company shall notify Legal Counsel and each Investor in writing of the happening of any event, as promptly as practicable after becoming
aware of such event, as a result of which the prospectus included in a Registration Statement, as then in effect, includes an untrue statement
of a material fact or omission to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in
the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading (provided that in no event shall such notice contain any material,
nonpublic information), and, subject to Section&#8239;3(q), promptly prepare a supplement or amendment to such Registration Statement to
correct such untrue statement or omission and deliver a reasonable number of copies of such supplement or amendment as Legal Counsel or
such Investor may reasonably request; provided that the Company shall be deemed to have provided such copies if the Company files such
documents with the SEC. The Company shall also promptly as is reasonably practicable notify Legal Counsel and each Investor in writing
(i)&#8239;when a prospectus or any prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment has been filed, and when a Registration Statement
or any post-effective amendment has become effective, (ii)&#8239;of any request by the SEC for amendments or supplements to a Registration
Statement or related prospectus or related information and (iii)&#8239;of the Company's reasonable determination that a post-effective
amendment to a Registration Statement would be appropriate. By 5:30 p.m.&#8239;New York City time on the second Business Day following
the date any post-effective amendment has become effective, the Company shall file with the SEC in accordance with Rule&#8239;424 the final
prospectus to be used in connection with sales pursuant to such Registration Statement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(g)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The
Company shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to prevent the issuance of any stop order or other suspension of effectiveness
of a Registration Statement, or the suspension of the qualification of any of the Registrable Securities for sale in any jurisdiction
and, if such an order or suspension is issued, to obtain the withdrawal of such order or suspension as soon as reasonably practicable
and to notify Legal Counsel and each Investor who holds Registrable Securities being sold of the issuance of such order and the resolution
thereof or its receipt of actual notice of the initiation or threat of any proceeding for such purpose.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(h)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">To
the extent that any of the Investors is, or would be expected to be, deemed to be an underwriter of Registrable Securities pursuant to
any SEC comments or policies or any court of law or otherwise, the Company agrees that (i)&#8239;the indemnification and contribution
provisions contained in Sections 6 and 7 shall be applicable to the benefit of such Investor in its role as deemed underwriter in addition
to its capacity as an Investor (so long as the amount for which any other Investor is or becomes responsible does not exceed the amount
for which such Investor would be responsible if the Investor were not deemed to be an underwriter of Registrable Securities) and (ii)&#8239;such
Investor and its representatives shall be entitled to conduct the due diligence which would normally be conducted in connection with
an offering of securities registered under the 1933 Act, including receipt of customary opinions and comfort letters.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(i)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">[Reserved].</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(j)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The
Company shall hold in confidence and not make any disclosure of information concerning an Investor provided to the Company unless (i)&#8239;disclosure
of such information is necessary to comply with federal or state securities laws, (ii)&#8239;the disclosure of such information is necessary
to avoid or correct a misstatement or omission in any Registration Statement, (iii)&#8239;the release of such information is ordered pursuant
to a subpoena or other final, non-appealable order from a court or governmental body of competent jurisdiction, or (iv)&#8239;such information
has been made generally available to the public other than by disclosure in violation of this Agreement or any other agreement. The Company
agrees that it shall, upon learning that disclosure of such information concerning an Investor is sought in or by a court or governmental
body of competent jurisdiction or through other means, give prompt written notice to such Investor and allow such Investor, at the Investor's
expense, to undertake appropriate action to prevent disclosure of, or to obtain a protective order for, such information.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(k)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The
Company shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause all Registrable Securities covered by an effective Registration Statement
to be listed on any securities exchange on which the Common Shares are then listed. The Company shall pay all fees and expenses in connection
with satisfying its obligation under this Section&#8239;3(k).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(l)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The
Company shall cooperate with the Investors who hold Registrable Securities being offered and, to the extent applicable, facilitate the
timely preparation and delivery of certificates (not bearing any restrictive legend) representing the Registrable Securities to be offered
pursuant to a Registration Statement and enable such certificates to be in such denominations or amounts, as the case may be, as the Investors
may reasonably request and registered in such names as the Investors may request.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(m)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">If
requested by an Investor, the Company shall as soon as practicable but subject to the timing requirements set out elsewhere in this Agreement
with regard to the filing of any prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment, as applicable, (i)&#8239;incorporate in a prospectus
supplement or post-effective amendment such information as an Investor reasonably requests to be included therein relating to the sale
and distribution of Registrable Securities, including, without limitation, information with respect to the number of Registrable Securities
being offered or sold, the purchase price being paid therefor and any other terms of the offering of the Registrable Securities to be
sold in such offering; (ii)&#8239;make all required filings of such prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment after being notified
of the matters to be incorporated in such prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment; and (iii)&#8239;supplement or make amendments
to any Registration Statement if reasonably requested by an Investor holding any Registrable Securities.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(n)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The
Company shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause the Registrable Securities covered by a Registration Statement to be registered
with or approved by such other governmental agencies or authorities as may be necessary to consummate the disposition of such Registrable
Securities.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(o)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The
Company shall otherwise use its commercially reasonable efforts to comply with all applicable rules&#8239;and regulations of the SEC
in connection with any registration hereunder.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(p)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Within
two (2)&#8239;Business Days after a Registration Statement which covers Registrable Securities is declared effective by the SEC or becomes
effective in accordance with SEC rules&#8239;and applicable law, the Company shall deliver, and shall cause legal counsel for the Company
to deliver, to the transfer agent for such Registrable Securities (with copies to the Investors whose Registrable Securities are included
in such Registration Statement) confirmation that such Registration Statement has been declared effective by the SEC or become effective
in accordance with SEC rules&#8239;and applicable law in the form attached hereto as <U>Exhibit&#8239;A</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(q)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Notwithstanding
anything to the contrary herein, at any time after the Effective Date of a Registration Statement pursuant to Section&#8239;2(a), the Company
shall be entitled, on up to two occasions (which may be consecutive), in any twelve (12) month period, for a period of time not to exceed
ninety (90) days in the aggregate in any twelve (12) month period (each, an &quot;<B>Allowable Grace Period</B>&quot;), to (i)&#8239;defer
any registration of Registrable Securities and have the right not to file or amend and not to cause the effectiveness of any registration
covering any Registrable Securities, (ii)&#8239;suspend its obligation to file, submit or furnish any supplement or amendment to a prospectus
included in a Registration Statement filed pursuant to Section&#8239;2(a), (iii)&#8239;suspend the use of any prospectus and Registration
Statement covering any Registrable Securities, and (iv)&#8239;require the Investors holding Registrable Securities to suspend any offerings
or sales of Registrable Securities pursuant to a Registration Statement, if the Company promptly notifies the Investors in writing that
(a)&#8239;the SEC has issued a stop order suspending the effectiveness of any such Registration Statement or has initiated proceedings
with respect to such a Registration Statement, (b)&#8239;such registration and offering would require the Company to make an Adverse Disclosure
or (c)&#8239;such registration or offering would materially interfere with any <I>bona&#8239;fide</I> material financing, acquisition, disposition,
corporate reorganization or other similar transaction involving the Company or any of its subsidiaries then under consideration (collectively,
a &quot;<B>Grace Period</B>&quot;). Such written notification shall contain a statement disclosing that there has been a suspension; <U>provided</U>
that in each notice the Company will not disclose any material, nonpublic information to the Investors (except that, for the avoidance
of doubt, the Company may disclose the fact of such suspension). The provisions of Section&#8239;3(g)&#8239;hereof shall not be applicable
during the period of any Allowable Grace Period. Upon expiration of the Grace Period, the Company shall again be bound by the first sentence
of Section&#8239;3(f)&#8239;with respect to the information giving rise thereto unless such material, nonpublic information is no longer
applicable. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, the Company shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause its transfer
agent to deliver unlegended Common Shares to a transferee of an Investor in accordance with the terms of the Securities Purchase Agreement
in connection with any sale of Registrable Securities with respect to which an Investor has entered into a contract for sale, prior to
the Investor's receipt of the notice of a Grace Period and for which the Investor has not yet settled.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(r)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Except
in the circumstances set forth in Section&#8239;3(h)&#8239;hereof, neither the Company nor any Subsidiary or affiliate thereof shall identify
any Investor as an underwriter in any public disclosure or filing with the SEC, the Principal Market or any Eligible Market and any Investor
being deemed an underwriter by the SEC shall not relieve the Company of any obligations it has under this Agreement or any other Transaction
Document (as defined in the Securities Purchase Agreement); <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that in the circumstances set forth in Section&#8239;3(h)&#8239;hereof,
the Investor shall be given the option to be excluded from such Registration Statement and not be identified as an underwriter therein,
and in the event that the Investor does not exercise that option, the Investor shall provide prior written consent to be identified as
an underwriter.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(s)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Neither
the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has entered, as of the date hereof, nor shall the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, on or after
the date of this Agreement, enter into any agreement with respect to its securities, that would have the effect of impairing the rights
granted to the Buyers in this Agreement or otherwise conflicts with the provisions hereof.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">4.</FONT><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Obligations
of the Investors</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">At
least four (4)&#8239;Business Days prior to the first anticipated Filing Date of a Registration Statement, the Company shall notify each
Investor in writing of the information the Company requires from each such Investor if such Investor elects to have any of such Investor's
Registrable Securities included in such Registration Statement. It shall be a condition precedent to the obligations of the Company to
complete any registration pursuant to this Agreement with respect to the Registrable Securities of a particular Investor that such Investor
shall furnish in a timely manner to the Company such information regarding itself and its affiliates, the Registrable Securities held
by it and the intended method of disposition of the Registrable Securities held by it as shall be reasonably required to effect and maintain
the effectiveness of the registration of such Registrable Securities and shall execute such documents in connection with such registration
as the Company may reasonably request.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Each
Investor, by such Investor's acceptance of the Registrable Securities, agrees to cooperate with the Company as reasonably requested by
the Company in connection with the preparation and filing of any Registration Statement hereunder, unless such Investor has notified the
Company in writing of such Investor's election to exclude all of such Investor's Registrable Securities from such Registration Statement.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">During
such time as any Investor may be engaged in a distribution of the Registrable Securities, such Investor will comply with all laws applicable
to such distribution, including Regulation M promulgated under the 1934 Act, and, to the extent required by such laws, will, among other
things (i)&#8239;not engage in any stabilization activity in connection with the securities of the Company in contravention of such laws;
(ii)&#8239;distribute the Registrable Securities acquired by them solely in the manner described in the applicable Registration Statement
and (iii)&#8239;if required by applicable law, cause to be furnished to each agent or broker-dealer to or through whom such Registrable
Securities may be offered, or to the offeree if an offer is made directly by such Investor, such copies of the applicable prospectus (as
amended and supplemented to such date) and documents incorporated by reference therein as may be required by such agent, broker-dealer
or offeree.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Each
Investor agrees that, upon receipt of any notice from the Company of the happening of any event of the kind described in Section&#8239;3(g)&#8239;or
the first sentence of Section&#8239;3(f), such Investor will immediately discontinue disposition of Registrable Securities pursuant to
any Registration Statement(s)&#8239;covering such Registrable Securities until such Investor's receipt of copies of the supplemented or
amended prospectus as contemplated by Section&#8239;3(g)&#8239;or the first sentence of Section&#8239;3(f)&#8239;or receipt of notice that
no supplement or amendment is required. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, the Company shall cause its transfer agent to deliver
unlegended Common Shares to a transferee of an Investor in accordance with the terms of the Securities Purchase Agreement in connection
with any sale of Registrable Securities with respect to which an Investor has entered into a contract for sale prior to the Investor's
receipt of a notice from the Company of the happening of any event of the kind described in Section&#8239;3(g)&#8239;or the first sentence
of Section&#8239;3(f)&#8239;and for which the Investor has not yet settled.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">5.</FONT><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Expenses
of Registration</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">All reasonable expenses, other
than underwriting discounts and commissions and any share transfer taxes, incurred in connection with registrations, filings or qualifications
pursuant to Sections 2 and 3, including, without limitation, all registration, listing and qualifications fees, printers and accounting
fees, and fees and disbursements of counsel for the Company, shall be paid by the Company. The Company shall also reimburse the Investors
for the fees and disbursements of one Legal Counsel in connection with registration, filing or qualification pursuant to Sections 2 and
3 of this Agreement which amount shall be limited to $20,000 for each such registration, filing or qualification or, in the case of an
underwritten offering, $50,000.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">6.</FONT><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Indemnification</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">In the event any Registrable
Securities are included in a Registration Statement under this Agreement:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">To
the fullest extent permitted by law, the Company will, and hereby does, indemnify, hold harmless and defend each Investor, the directors,
officers, partners, members, employees, agents, representatives of, and each Person, if any, who controls any Investor within the meaning
of the 1933 Act or the 1934 Act (each, an &quot;<B>Indemnified Person</B>&quot;), against any losses, claims (including claims asserted
directly by or between an Indemnified Person and the Company), damages, liabilities, judgments, fines, penalties, charges, costs, reasonable
attorneys' fees, amounts paid in settlement or expenses, joint or several (collectively, &quot;<B>Claims</B>&quot;), incurred in investigating,
preparing or defending any action, claim, suit, inquiry, proceeding, investigation or appeal taken from the foregoing by or before any
court or governmental, administrative or other regulatory agency, body or the SEC, whether pending or threatened, whether or not an indemnified
party is or may be a party thereto (&quot;<B>Indemnified Damages</B>&quot;), to which any of them may become subject insofar as such
Claims (or actions or proceedings, whether commenced or threatened, in respect thereof) arise out of or are based upon: (i)&#8239;any
untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact in a Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment thereto or
in any filing made in connection with the qualification of the offering under the securities or other &quot;blue sky&quot; laws of any
jurisdiction in which Registrable Securities are offered, or the omission or alleged omission to state a material fact required to be
stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, (ii)&#8239;any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement
of a material fact contained in any preliminary prospectus if used prior to the Effective Date of such Registration Statement, or contained
in the final prospectus (as amended or supplemented, if the Company files any amendment thereof or supplement thereto with the SEC) or
the omission or alleged omission to state therein any material fact necessary to make the statements made therein, in light of the circumstances
under which the statements therein were made, not misleading, or (iii)&#8239;any violation or alleged violation by the Company of the
1933 Act, the 1934 Act, any other law, including, without limitation, any state securities law, or any rule&#8239;or regulation thereunder
relating to the offer or sale of the Registrable Securities pursuant to a Registration Statement (the matters in the foregoing clauses
(i)&#8239;through (iii)&#8239;being, collectively, &quot;<B>Violations</B>&quot;). Subject to Section&#8239;6(c), the Company shall reimburse
the Indemnified Persons, promptly as such expenses are incurred and are due and payable, for any reasonable and documented legal fees
or other reasonable expenses incurred by them in connection with investigating or defending any such Claim. Notwithstanding anything
to the contrary contained herein, the indemnification agreement contained in this Section&#8239;6(a): (i)&#8239;shall not apply to a
Claim by an Indemnified Person arising out of or based upon a Violation which occurs in reliance upon and in conformity with information
furnished in writing to the Company by such Indemnified Person expressly for use in connection with the preparation of the Registration
Statement or any such amendment thereof or supplement thereto, if such prospectus was timely made available by the Company pursuant to
Section&#8239;3(c); (ii)&#8239;shall not apply to amounts paid in settlement of any Claim if such settlement is effected without the
prior written consent of the Company, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed; and (iii)&#8239;shall not apply to
amounts paid in settlement of any direct Claim by or between an Indemnified Person and the Company. Such indemnity shall remain in full
force and effect regardless of any investigation made by or on behalf of the Indemnified Person and shall survive the transfer of the
Registrable Securities by the Investors pursuant to Section&#8239;9.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"></FONT></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">In
connection with any Registration Statement in which an Investor is participating, each such Investor agrees to severally and not jointly
indemnify, hold harmless and defend, to the same extent and in the same manner as is set forth in Section&#8239;6(a), the Company, each
of its directors, each of its officers who signs the Registration Statement and each Person, if any, who controls the Company within the
meaning of the 1933 Act or the 1934 Act (each, an &quot;<B>Indemnified Party</B>&quot;), against any Claim or Indemnified Damages to which
any of them may become subject, under the 1933 Act, the 1934 Act or otherwise, insofar as such Claim or Indemnified Damages arise out
of or are based upon any Violation, in each case to the extent, and only to the extent, that such Violation occurs in reliance upon and
in conformity with written information furnished to the Company by such Investor expressly for use in connection with such Registration
Statement; and, subject to Section&#8239;6(c), such Investor shall reimburse the Indemnified Party for any legal or other expenses reasonably
incurred by an Indemnified Party in connection with investigating or defending any such Claim; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that the
indemnity agreement contained in this Section&#8239;6(b)&#8239;and the agreement with respect to contribution contained in Section&#8239;7
shall not apply to amounts paid in settlement of any Claim if such settlement is effected without the prior written consent of such Investor,
which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed; <U>provided</U>, <U>further</U>, <U>however</U>, that the Investor shall
be liable under this Section&#8239;6(b)&#8239;for only that amount of a Claim or Indemnified Damages as does not exceed the net proceeds
to such Investor as a result of the sale of Registrable Securities pursuant to such Registration Statement. Such indemnity shall remain
in full force and effect regardless of any investigation made by or on behalf of such Indemnified Party and shall survive the transfer
of the Registrable Securities by the Investors pursuant to Section&#8239;9.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Promptly
after receipt by an Indemnified Person or Indemnified Party under this Section&#8239;6 of notice of the commencement of any action or proceeding
(including any governmental action or proceeding) involving a Claim, such Indemnified Person or Indemnified Party shall, if a Claim in
respect thereof is to be made against any indemnifying party under this Section&#8239;6, deliver to the indemnifying party a written notice
of the commencement thereof, and except in the case of a direct Claim, for which the remainder of this Section&#8239;6(c)&#8239;shall not
apply, the indemnifying party shall have the right to participate in, and, to the extent the indemnifying party so desires, jointly with
any other indemnifying party similarly noticed, to assume control of the defense thereof with counsel mutually satisfactory to the indemnifying
party and the Indemnified Person or the Indemnified Party, as the case may be; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that an Indemnified Person
or Indemnified Party shall have the right to retain its own counsel with the fees and expenses of not more than one counsel for all such
Indemnified Person or Indemnified Party to be paid by the indemnifying party, if, in the reasonable opinion of counsel retained by the
Indemnified Person or Indemnified Party, as applicable, the representation by such counsel of the Indemnified Person or Indemnified Party,
as the case may be, and the indemnifying party would be inappropriate due to actual differing interests between such Indemnified Person
or Indemnified Party and any other party represented by such counsel in such proceeding. In the case of an Indemnified Person, legal counsel
referred to in the immediately preceding sentence shall be selected by the Investors holding at least a majority in interest of the Registrable
Securities included in the Registration Statement to which the Claim relates. The Indemnified Party or Indemnified Person shall reasonably
cooperate with the indemnifying party in connection with any negotiation or defense of any such action or Claim by the indemnifying party
and shall furnish to the indemnifying party all information reasonably available to the Indemnified Party or Indemnified Person which
relates to such action or Claim. The indemnifying party shall keep the Indemnified Party or Indemnified Person fully apprised at all times
as to the status of the defense or any settlement negotiations with respect thereto. No indemnifying party shall be liable for any settlement
of any action, claim or proceeding effected without its prior written consent, <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that the indemnifying
party shall not unreasonably withhold, delay or condition its consent. No indemnifying party shall, without the prior written consent
of the Indemnified Party or Indemnified Person, consent to entry of any judgment or enter into any settlement or other compromise which
does not include as an unconditional term thereof the giving by the claimant or plaintiff to such Indemnified Party or Indemnified Person
of a release from all liability in respect to such Claim or litigation and such settlement shall not include any admission as to fault
on the part of the Indemnified Party or Indemnified Person. Following indemnification as provided for hereunder, the indemnifying party
shall be subrogated to all rights of the Indemnified Party or Indemnified Person with respect to all third parties, firms or corporations
relating to the matter for which indemnification has been made. The failure to deliver written notice to the indemnifying party within
a reasonable time of the commencement of any such action shall not relieve such indemnifying party of any liability to the Indemnified
Person or Indemnified Party under this Section&#8239;6.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The
indemnification required by this Section&#8239;6 shall be made by periodic payments of the amount thereof during the course of the investigation
or defense, as and when bills are received or Indemnified Damages are incurred.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(e)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The
indemnity agreements contained herein shall be in addition to (i)&#8239;any cause of action or similar right of the Indemnified Party or
Indemnified Person against the indemnifying party or others, and (ii)&#8239;any liabilities the indemnifying party may be subject to pursuant
to the law.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">7.</FONT><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Contribution</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">If for any reason the indemnification
provided for in Section&#8239;6(a)&#8239;and Section&#8239;6(b)&#8239;is unavailable to an Indemnified Person or Indemnified Party or insufficient
to hold it harmless, other than as expressly specified therein, the indemnifying party agrees to contribute to the amount paid or payable
by the Indemnified Person or Indemnified Party in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative fault of the indemnifying
party, on the one hand, and the Indemnified Person or Indemnified Party, on the other, in connection with the actions, statements or omissions
that resulted in such Claims, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations; <U>provided</U>, <U>however</U>, that: (i)&#8239;no
Person involved in the sale of Registrable Securities which Person is guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section&#8239;11(f)&#8239;of
the 1933 Act) in connection with such sale shall be entitled to contribution from any Person involved in such sale of Registrable Securities
who was not guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation; and (ii)&#8239;contribution by any seller of Registrable Securities shall be limited
in amount to the amount of net proceeds received by such seller from the sale of such Registrable Securities pursuant to such Registration
Statement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">8.</FONT><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Reports
Under the 1934 Act</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">With a view to making available
to the Investors the benefits of Rule&#8239;144 promulgated under the 1933 Act or any other similar rule&#8239;or regulation of the SEC
that may at any time permit the Investors to sell Registrable Securities of the Company to the public without registration (&quot;<B>Rule&#8239;144</B>&quot;),
the Company agrees to use its commercially reasonable efforts to:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">make
and keep public information available, as those terms are understood and defined in Rule&#8239;144, at all times after the date of this
Agreement;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">file
with the SEC in a timely manner all reports and other documents required of the Company under the 1933 Act and the 1934 Act so long as
the Company remains subject to such requirements and the filing of such reports and other documents is required for the applicable provisions
of Rule&#8239;144; and</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">furnish
to each Investor so long as such Investor owns Registrable Securities, promptly upon request, a written statement by the Company as to
its compliance with the reporting requirements of the 1934 Act.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">9.</FONT><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Assignment
of Registration Rights</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">The rights under this Agreement
shall be automatically assignable by the Investors to any transferee of all or any portion of such Investor's Registrable Securities if:
(i)&#8239;the Investor agrees in writing with the transferee or assignee to assign such rights, and a copy of such agreement is furnished
to the Company within a reasonable time after such assignment; (ii)&#8239;the Company is, within a reasonable time after such transfer
or assignment, furnished with written notice of (a)&#8239;the name and address of such transferee or assignee, and (b)&#8239;the securities
with respect to which such registration rights are being transferred or assigned; (iii)&#8239;immediately following such transfer or assignment
the further disposition of such securities by the transferee or assignee is restricted under the 1933 Act or applicable state securities
laws; (iv)&#8239;at or before the time the Company receives the written notice contemplated by clause (ii)&#8239;of this sentence the transferee
or assignee agrees in writing with the Company to be bound by all of the provisions contained herein; (v)&#8239;such transfer shall have
been made in accordance with the applicable requirements of the Securities Purchase Agreement; and (vi)&#8239;after giving effect to such
transfer, the Registrable Securities transferred to such transferee would be Registrable Securities.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">10.</FONT><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Amendment
of Registration Rights</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in">Provisions of this Agreement
may be amended and the observance thereof may be waived (either generally or in a particular instance and either retroactively or prospectively),
only with the written consent of the Company and the Required Holders; provided that any such amendment or waiver that complies with the
foregoing but that disproportionately, materially and adversely affects the rights and/or obligations of any Investor relative to the
comparable rights and/or obligations of the other Investors shall require the prior written consent of such adversely affected Investor.
Any amendment or waiver effected in accordance with this Section&#8239;10 shall be binding upon each Investor and the Company. No such
amendment shall be effective to the extent that it applies to less than all of the holders of the Registrable Securities. No consideration
shall be offered or paid to any Person to amend or consent to a waiver or modification of any provision of this Agreement unless the same
consideration (other than the reimbursement of legal fees) also is offered to all of the parties to this Agreement.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; text-transform: uppercase">11.</FONT><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt"><U>Miscellaneous</U>.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(a)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">A
Person is deemed to be a holder of Registrable Securities whenever such Person owns or is deemed to own of record such Registrable Securities.
If the Company receives conflicting instructions, notices or elections from two or more Persons with respect to the same Registrable Securities,
the Company shall act upon the basis of instructions, notice or election received from such record owner of such Registrable Securities.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(b)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Any
notices, consents, waivers or other communications required or permitted to be given under the terms of this Agreement must be in writing
and will be deemed to have been delivered: (i)&#8239;upon receipt, when delivered personally; (ii)&#8239;upon delivery, when sent by facsimile
(provided confirmation of transmission is mechanically or electronically generated and kept on file by the sending party), (iii)&#8239;<FONT STYLE="background-color: white">upon
delivery, when sent by </FONT>electronic mail<FONT STYLE="background-color: white">; </FONT>or (iv)&#8239;one (1)&#8239;Business Day after
deposit with a nationally recognized overnight delivery service, in each case properly addressed to the party to receive the same. The
addresses, facsimile numbers and e-mail addresses for such communications shall be:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify">If to the Company:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 2in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">Ritchie
Bros. Auctioneers Incorporated</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 2in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">9500
Glenlyon Parkway</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 2in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">Burnaby,
British Columbia</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 2in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">Canada
V5J0C6</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 2in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1in"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">Attention:</FONT></TD><TD><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">Ann Fandozzi</FONT></TD></TR><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>Darren Warr</TD></TR>
                                                                                                                                                                                      <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">E-mail</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">:</FONT>&#9;</TD><TD></TD></TR>
                                                                                                                                                                                      <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD>&nbsp;</TD><TD></TD></TR>
                                                                                                                                                                                      </TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">with
a copy (for informational purposes only) to:</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 2in"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">Goodwin Procter LLP<BR>
100 Northern Avenue</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 2in"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">Boston, MA 02210</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 2in"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white"></FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 2in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1in"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">Attention:</FONT></TD><TD>Stuart
M. Cable</TD></TR>
                                                                                                                                                                                      </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 2in"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 2in"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white"></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 2.5in; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">Lisa
R. Haddad</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 2.5in; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">Mark
S. Opper</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 2.5in; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">Jean
A. Lee</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 2.5in; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">James
P. Barri</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 2.5in; text-indent: 0.5in"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">Kim
S. de Glossop</FONT></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt"><TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="width: 2in; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">E-mail:</FONT></TD>
                                                                                   <TD STYLE="text-align: justify"></TD>
</TR></TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 2in; text-indent: 1in">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify">If to the Transfer Agent:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 2in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">[Computershare
Trust Company of Canada]<BR> [&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;]<BR></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 2in"><TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="text-align: left; width: 2in">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify; width: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt; background-color: white">Telephone:</FONT><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">&#9;</FONT></TD>
                                                                                   <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">[&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;]</TD>
</TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Facsimile:</FONT></TD>
                                                                                   <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">[&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;]</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Attention:</TD>
                                                                                   <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">[&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;]</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top; text-align: justify">
<TD STYLE="text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="text-align: justify">E-mail:</TD>
                                                                                   <TD STYLE="text-align: justify">[&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;]</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 2in"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 1.5in; text-align: justify">If to Legal Counsel:</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 2in; text-align: justify">Schulte Roth&#8239;&amp; Zabel LLP</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 2in; text-align: justify">919 Third Avenue</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 2in; text-align: justify">New York, New York 10022</P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">
<TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
<TD STYLE="width: 2in"></TD><TD STYLE="width: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">Telephone:</FONT></TD><TD>(212)
756-2000</TD></TR>
</TABLE>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0 0pt 2in; text-align: justify"></P>

<TABLE CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" STYLE="width: 100%; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="width: 2in; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 1in; text-align: left">Facsimile:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">(212) 593-5955</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Attention:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Eleazer Klein,&#8239;Esq.</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: bottom">
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">&nbsp;</TD><TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: left">Email:&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif"></TD></TR>
  </TABLE>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">If to a Buyer, to its address, facsimile number
or email address set forth on the Schedule of Buyers attached hereto, with copies to such Buyer's representatives as set forth on the
Schedule of Buyers, or to such other address, facsimile number and/or email address to the attention of such other Person as the recipient
party has specified by written notice given to each other party five (5)&#8239;days prior to the effectiveness of such change. Written
confirmation of receipt (A)&#8239;given by the recipient of such notice, consent, waiver or other communication, (B)&#8239;mechanically
or electronically generated by the sender's facsimile machine or e-mail transmission containing the time, date, recipient facsimile number
or e-mail address or (C)&#8239;provided by a courier or overnight courier service shall be rebuttable evidence of personal service, receipt
by facsimile or receipt from a nationally recognized overnight delivery service in accordance with clause (i), (ii)&#8239;or (iii)&#8239;above,
respectively.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(c)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Failure
of any party to exercise any right or remedy under this Agreement or otherwise, or delay by a party in exercising such right or remedy,
shall not operate as a waiver thereof.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(d)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">All
questions concerning the construction, validity, enforcement and interpretation of this Agreement shall be governed by the internal laws
of the State of New York, without giving effect to any choice of law or conflict of law provision or rule&#8239;(whether of the State of
New York or any other jurisdictions) that would cause the application of the laws of any jurisdictions other than the State of New York.
Each party hereby irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the state and federal courts sitting in The City of New York, Borough
of Manhattan, for the adjudication of any dispute hereunder or in connection herewith or with any transaction contemplated hereby or discussed
herein, and hereby irrevocably waives, and agrees not to assert in any suit, action or proceeding, any claim that it is not personally
subject to the jurisdiction of any such court, that such suit, action or proceeding is brought in an inconvenient forum or that the venue
of such suit, action or proceeding is improper. Each party hereby irrevocably waives personal service of process and consents to process
being served in any such suit, action or proceeding by mailing a copy thereof to such party at the address for such notices to it under
this Agreement and agrees that such service shall constitute good and sufficient service of process and notice thereof. Nothing contained
herein shall be deemed to limit in any way any right to serve process in any manner permitted by law. <B>EACH PARTY HEREBY IRREVOCABLY
WAIVES ANY RIGHT IT MAY&#8239;HAVE, AND AGREES NOT TO REQUEST, A JURY TRIAL FOR THE ADJUDICATION OF ANY DISPUTE HEREUNDER OR IN CONNECTION
HEREWITH OR ARISING OUT OF THIS AGREEMENT OR ANY TRANSACTION CONTEMPLATED HEREBY.</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(e)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">If
any provision of this Agreement is prohibited by law or otherwise determined to be invalid or unenforceable by a court of competent jurisdiction,
the provision that would otherwise be prohibited, invalid or unenforceable shall be deemed amended to apply to the broadest extent that
it would be valid and enforceable, and the invalidity or unenforceability of such provision shall not affect the validity of the remaining
provisions of this Agreement so long as this Agreement as so modified continues to express, without material change, the original intentions
of the parties as to the subject matter hereof and the prohibited nature, invalidity or unenforceability of the provision(s)&#8239;in question
does not substantially impair the respective expectations or reciprocal obligations of the parties or the practical realization of the
benefits that would otherwise be conferred upon the parties. The parties will endeavor in good faith negotiations to replace the prohibited,
invalid or unenforceable provision(s)&#8239;with a valid provision(s), the effect of which comes as close as possible to that of the prohibited,
invalid or unenforceable provision(s).</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(f)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">This
Agreement, the other Transaction Documents (as defined in the Securities Purchase Agreement) and the instruments referenced herein and
therein constitute the entire agreement among the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof and thereof. There are no restrictions,
promises, warranties or undertakings, other than those set forth or referred to herein and therein. This Agreement, the other Transaction
Documents and the instruments referenced herein and therein supersede all prior agreements and understandings among the parties hereto
with respect to the subject matter hereof and thereof.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(g)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Subject
to the requirements of Section&#8239;9, this Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the permitted successors and assigns
of each of the parties hereto.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(h)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The
headings in this Agreement are for convenience of reference only and shall not limit or otherwise affect the meaning hereof.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(i)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">This
Agreement may be executed in identical counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original but all of which shall constitute one
and the same agreement. This Agreement, once executed by a party, may be delivered to the other party hereto by facsimile or email transmission
of a copy of this Agreement bearing the signature of the party so delivering this Agreement. Counterparts may be delivered via facsimile,
electronic mail (including pdf or any electronic signature complying with the U.S. federal ESIGN Act of 2000, e.g., www.docusign.com)
or other transmission method and any counterpart so delivered shall be deemed to have been duly and validly delivered and be valid and
effective for all purposes.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(j)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">Each
party shall do and perform, or cause to be done and performed, all such further acts and things, and shall execute and deliver all such
other agreements, certificates, instruments and documents, as any other party may reasonably request in order to carry out the intent
and accomplish the purposes of this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(k)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">All
consents and other determinations required to be made by the Investors pursuant to this Agreement shall be made, unless otherwise specified
in this Agreement, by the Required Holders, determined as if all of the Series&#8239;A Preferred Shares held by Investors then outstanding
have been exercised for Registrable Securities without regard to any limitations on the issuance of Common Shares pursuant to the terms
of the Series&#8239;A Preferred Shares.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(l)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The
language used in this Agreement will be deemed to be the language chosen by the parties to express their mutual intent and no rules&#8239;of
strict construction will be applied against any party.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(m)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">This
Agreement is intended for the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective permitted successors and assigns, and is not for the
benefit of, nor may any provision hereof be enforced by, any other Person.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.5in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; font-size: 10pt">(n)</FONT>&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;&#8239;<FONT STYLE="font-size: 10pt">The
obligations of each Investor hereunder are several and not joint with the obligations of any other Investor, and no provision of this
Agreement is intended to confer any obligations on any Investor vis-&agrave;-vis any other Investor. Nothing contained herein, and no
action taken by any Investor pursuant hereto, shall be deemed to constitute the Investors as a partnership, an association, a joint venture
or any other kind of entity, or create a presumption that the Investors are in any way acting in concert or as a group with respect to
such obligations or the transactions contemplated herein.</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center">* * * * * *</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>[Signature Page&#8239;Follows]</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>IN
WITNESS WHEREOF</B></FONT>, each Buyer and the Company have caused their respective signature page&#8239;to this Registration Rights Agreement
to be duly executed as of the date first written above.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>COMPANY:</B></P></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>RITCHIE BROS. AUCTIONEERS INCORPORATED<U><BR></U></B></P></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 3%">By:&#9;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid; width: 47%">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>Name:</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>Title:</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; text-align: center">[Signature
Page&#8239;to Registration Rights Agreement]</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>IN
WITNESS WHEREOF</B></FONT>, each Buyer and the Company have caused their respective signature page&#8239;to this Registration Rights Agreement
to be duly executed as of the date first written above.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>BUYERS:</B></P></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>STARBOARD
    VALUE AND OPPORTUNITY FUND LP</B></FONT>, in trust for Starboard Value and Opportunity Master Fund III LP<U><BR></U></P></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3">By: Starboard Value A LP, its general partner</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>By:&#9;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 3%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%">Name:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 42%">Jeffrey C. Smith</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>Title:</TD>
    <TD>Authorized
    Signatory</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: center; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt">[Signature Page&#8239;to Registration Rights Agreement]</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>IN
WITNESS WHEREOF</B></FONT>, each Buyer and the Company have caused their respective signature page&#8239;to this Registration Rights Agreement
to be duly executed as of the date first written above.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>BUYERS:</B></P></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>STARBOARD
    INTERMEDIATE FUND LP, </B>in trust for Starboard Value and Opportunity Master Fund III LP<B><U><BR></U></B></FONT></P></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3">By: Starboard Value A LP, its general partner</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>By:&#9;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 3%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%">Name:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 42%">Jeffrey C. Smith</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>Title:</TD>
    <TD>Authorized
    Signatory</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT>[Signature
Page&#8239;to Registration Rights Agreement]</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>IN
WITNESS WHEREOF</B></FONT>, each Buyer and the Company have caused their respective signature page&#8239;to this Registration Rights Agreement
to be duly executed as of the date first written above.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>BUYERS:</B></P></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>STARBOARD VALUE AND OPPORTUNITY MASTER FUND L LP<U><BR></U></B></P></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3">By: Starboard Value LP, its investment manager</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>By:&#9;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 3%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%">Name:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 42%">Jeffrey C. Smith</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>Title:</TD>
    <TD>Authorized
    Signatory</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT>[Signature
Page&#8239;to Registration Rights Agreement]</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>IN
WITNESS WHEREOF</B></FONT>, each Buyer and the Company have caused their respective signature page&#8239;to this Registration Rights Agreement
to be duly executed as of the date first written above.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>BUYERS:</B></P></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Starboard Value and Opportunity
    C LP</b></font>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3">By: Starboard Value R LP, its general partner</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>By:&#9;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 3%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%">Name:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 42%">Jeffrey C. Smith</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>Title:</TD>
    <TD>Authorized
    Signatory</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT>[Signature
Page&#8239;to Registration Rights Agreement]</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT>&nbsp;</FONT></P>



<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>IN
WITNESS WHEREOF</B></FONT>, each Buyer and the Company have caused their respective signature page&#8239;to this Registration Rights Agreement
to be duly executed as of the date first written above.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>BUYERS:</B></P></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase"><B>Starboard Value and Opportunity
    S LLC</b></font>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3">By: Starboard Value LP, its manager</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>By:&#9;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 3%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%">Name:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 42%">Jeffrey C. Smith</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>Title:</TD>
    <TD>Authorized
    Signatory</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT>[Signature
Page&#8239;to Registration Rights Agreement]</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT>&nbsp;</FONT></P>




<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>IN
WITNESS WHEREOF</B></FONT>, each Buyer and the Company have caused their respective signature page&#8239;to this Registration Rights Agreement
to be duly executed as of the date first written above.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>BUYERS:</B></P></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-transform: uppercase"><B>STARBOARD
    VALUE LP</B></FONT>, in its capacity as the investment manager of a certain managed account
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3">By: Starboard Value GP LLC, its general partner</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>By:&#9;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 3%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%">Name:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 42%">Jeffrey C. Smith</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>Title:</TD>
    <TD>Authorized
    Signatory</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT>[Signature
Page&#8239;to Registration Rights Agreement]</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT>&nbsp;</FONT></P>




<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1in"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif"><B>IN
WITNESS WHEREOF</B></FONT>, each Buyer and the Company have caused their respective signature page&#8239;to this Registration Rights Agreement
to be duly executed as of the date first written above.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse">
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>BUYERS:</B></P></TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3">
    <P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-transform: uppercase"><B>STARBOARD
    X MASTER FUND LTD., </B></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">as nominee for Starboard X Master Fund II
    LP</FONT> <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top"><TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3">By: Starboard Value A LP, its general partner</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="3">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>By:&#9;</TD>
    <TD COLSPAN="2" STYLE="border-bottom: Black 1pt solid">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD STYLE="width: 50%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 3%">&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 5%">Name:</TD>
    <TD STYLE="width: 42%">Jeffrey C. Smith</TD></TR>
  <TR STYLE="vertical-align: top">
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>&nbsp;</TD>
    <TD>Title:</TD>
    <TD>Authorized
    Signatory</TD></TR>
  </TABLE>
<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>SCHEDULE OF BUYERS</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="margin: 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: right"><B>EXHIBIT&#8239;A</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>FORM&#8239;OF NOTICE OF EFFECTIVENESS<BR>
OF REGISTRATION STATEMENT</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white"><B><U>EXHIBIT&#8239;C</U></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white"><B>JOINDER
AGREEMENT</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white"><B><U>EXHIBIT&#8239;D</U></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white"><B>Form&#8239;of
Secretary's Certificate</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">[Attached.]</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white"><B><U>EXHIBIT&#8239;E</U></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>


<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white"><B>Form&#8239;of
Officer's Certificate</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">[Attached.]</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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    <DIV STYLE="break-before: page; margin-top: 6pt; margin-bottom: 12pt"><P STYLE="margin: 0pt">&nbsp;</P></DIV>
    <!-- Field: /Page -->

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white"><B><U>EXHIBIT&#8239;F</U></B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white"><B>Form&#8239;of
Confidentiality Agreement</B></FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><FONT STYLE="background-color: white">[Attached.]</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&#8239;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-99.1
<SEQUENCE>3
<FILENAME>tm234150d1_ex99-1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EXHIBIT 99.1
<TEXT>
<HTML>
<HEAD>
     <TITLE></TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif">

<P STYLE="margin: 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: right; margin: 0"><B>Exhibit 99.1</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><B>Ritchie Bros. Announces $500 Million Strategic
Investment from Starboard Value</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><I>&nbsp;</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: center"><I>Jeffrey Smith to Be Appointed to the Ritchie
Bros. Board Upon IAA Acquisition</I></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><I>&nbsp;</I></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">VANCOUVER, BC, Jan. 23, 2023 &ndash; Ritchie Bros. Auctioneers Incorporated
(NYSE: RBA) (TSX: RBA) (&quot;Ritchie Bros.&quot;) today announced that it has entered into a securities purchase agreement with Starboard
Value LP and certain of its affiliates (together, &quot;Starboard&quot;) pursuant to which Starboard will make a concurrent $485 million
convertible preferred equity and $15 million common share investment in Ritchie Bros.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">In connection with the investment, Starboard Chief Executive Officer
Jeffrey Smith will be appointed to the Ritchie Bros. Board of Directors effective following the later of the required approvals by Ritchie
Bros. shareholders and IAA shareholders in connection with the company&rsquo;s pending acquisition of IAA, Inc. (the &ldquo;IAA transaction&rdquo;).</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&ldquo;We welcome Starboard&rsquo;s strategic investment in Ritchie
Bros., which we believe will provide us with additional financial flexibility,&rdquo; said Ann Fandozzi, CEO of Ritchie Bros. &ldquo;Starboard
shares our belief in the potential of the combination of Ritchie Bros. and IAA. We look forward to benefitting from Jeff&rsquo;s expertise
and working together as we complete this transaction, which we believe will deliver significant value to all our shareholders.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&ldquo;We are excited to become a shareholder of Ritchie Bros. as they
take this important next step to accelerate the company&rsquo;s transformation and value-creation trajectory,&rdquo; said Mr. Smith. &ldquo;We
were investors in IAA&rsquo;s parent company prior to its spinout, so we know IAA well and are strong believers in the fundamentals of
the business and the market opportunities that this transaction creates. We believe that, with Ritchie Bros.&rsquo; leadership expertise,
marketplace investments, yard footprint and comprehensive suite of solutions, they will be able to accelerate growth in each vertical.
We are eager to work with the Ritchie Bros. team to ensure that the combined company executes on the significant synergy and growth opportunities
outlined by Ritchie Bros. in today&rsquo;s investor presentation.&rdquo;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Terms of Agreement</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Under the terms of the securities purchase agreement, Starboard has
agreed to purchase $485 million of newly issuable senior preferred shares of Ritchie Bros., convertible into common shares with an initial
conversion price of $73.00 per share, representing a premium of approximately 23% over Ritchie Bros.&rsquo; volume-weighted average price
over the 10 trading day period ending on January 20, 2023. The preferred shares will carry an initial 5.5% preferred dividend, which is
payable in cash or in shares at the company&rsquo;s option, and will also be entitled to participate on an as-converted basis in the company&rsquo;s
regular quarterly common share dividends.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Concurrently, Starboard has also agreed to purchase approximately $15
million of common shares in Ritchie Bros. at a purchase price of approximately $59.72 per share.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The shares underlying Starboard&rsquo;s investment will not be voted
at the Special Meeting of Ritchie Bros. Shareholders to be held with respect to the IAA transaction.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">In the event that the merger between Ritchie Bros. and IAA is terminated,
the company will have the right to redeem the preferred shares at a redemption price of 102% of par plus accrued and unpaid dividends.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">The completion of the investment by Starboard remains subject to the
satisfaction of customary closing conditions, including the filing of articles of amendment for the senior preferred shares, the TSX&rsquo;s
acceptance of the proposed terms of the investment, approval of the listing of the common shares on the NYSE and TSX, and receipt of customary
closing deliverables.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Additional information regarding the investment will be available on
the Form 8-K to be filed by Ritchie Bros. with the SEC and on SEDAR and which will be available on the investor relations section of Ritchie
Bros.&rsquo; website.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>About Jeffrey Smith</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Jeffrey Smith is a Managing Member, Chief Executive Officer and Chief
Investment Officer of Starboard Value LP. Prior to founding Starboard Value LP, Mr. Smith was a Partner Managing Director of Ramius LLC,
a subsidiary of the Cowen Group, Inc., and the Chief Investment Officer for the funds that comprised the Value and Opportunity investment
platform. Mr. Smith was also a member of Cowen&rsquo;s Operating Committee and Cowen&rsquo;s Investment Committee. Prior to joining Ramius
in January 1998, he served as Vice President of Strategic Development and a member of the Board of Directors of The Fresh Juice Company,
Inc. Mr. Smith began his career in the Mergers and Acquisitions department at Soci&eacute;t&eacute; G&eacute;n&eacute;rale. Mr. Smith
is currently the Chair of the Board of Papa John&rsquo;s International, Inc and on the Board of Cyxtera Technologies, Inc. Mr. Smith was
formerly Chair of the Boards of Starboard Value Acquisition Corp., Advance Auto Parts, Inc., Darden Restaurants, Inc. and Phoenix Technologies
Ltd. and formerly a member of the Boards of Perrigo Company plc., Yahoo! Inc., Quantum Corporation, Office Depot, Inc., Regis Corporation,
Surmodics, Inc., Zoran Corporation, Actel Corporation, Kensey Nash Corp., S1 Corp and the Fresh Juice Company. Mr. Smith graduated from
The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, where he received a B.S. in Economics.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Advisors</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; text-align: justify; margin: 0pt 0">Goldman Sachs &amp; Co. LLC served as lead financial advisor and Guggenheim
Securities, LLC served as co-lead financial advisor to Ritchie Bros. in connection with the pending acquisition of IAA and the Starboard
investment.&nbsp;Evercore and RBC Capital Markets also served as financial advisors to the company.&nbsp;Goodwin Procter LLP,&nbsp;McCarthy
T&eacute;trault LLP and Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher &amp; Flom LLP served as legal advisors to Ritchie Bros.<FONT STYLE="font-family: Times New Roman, Times, Serif">&nbsp;</FONT></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>About Ritchie Bros.</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="text-align: justify; font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Established in 1958, Ritchie Bros. (NYSE and TSX: RBA) is a global
asset management and disposition company, offering customers end-to-end solutions for buying and selling used heavy equipment, trucks
and other assets. Operating in a number of sectors, including construction, transportation, agriculture, energy, mining, and forestry,
the company's selling channels include: Ritchie Bros. Auctioneers, the world's largest industrial auctioneer offering live auction events
with online bidding; IronPlanet, an online marketplace with weekly featured auctions and providing the exclusive IronClad Assurance&reg;
equipment condition certification; Marketplace-E, a controlled marketplace offering multiple price and timing options; Ritchie List, a
self-serve listing service for North America; Mascus, a leading European online equipment listing service; Ritchie Bros. Private Treaty,
offering privately negotiated sales; and sector-specific solutions GovPlanet, TruckPlanet, and Ritchie Bros. Energy. The Company's suite
of solutions also includes Ritchie Bros. Asset Solutions and Rouse Services LLC, which together provides a complete end-to-end asset management,
data-driven intelligence and performance benchmarking system; SmartEquip, an innovative technology platform that supports customers' management
of the equipment lifecycle and integrates parts procurement with both OEMs and dealers; plus equipment financing and leasing through Ritchie
Bros. Financial Services. For more information about Ritchie Bros., visit RitchieBros.com.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Forward-Looking Statements</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">This communication
contains information relating to a proposed business combination transaction between Ritchie Bros. Auctioneers Incorporated
(&ldquo;RBA&rdquo;) and IAA, Inc. (&ldquo;IAA&rdquo;) in addition to information relating to the proposed investment into RBA by
Starboard. This communication includes forward-looking information within the meaning of Canadian securities legislation and
forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (collectively, &ldquo;forward-looking statements&rdquo;). Forward-looking statements may
include statements relating to future events and anticipated results of operations, business strategies, the anticipated benefits of
the proposed IAA transaction, the anticipated impact of the proposed IAA transaction on the combined company&rsquo;s business and
future financial and operating results, the expected or estimated amount, achievability, sources, impact and timing of cost
synergies and revenue, growth, operational enhancement, expansion and other value creation opportunities from the proposed IAA
transaction, the expected debt, de-leveraging and capital allocation of the combined company, the anticipated closing date for the
proposed IAA transaction, other aspects of RBA&rsquo;s or IAA&rsquo;s respective businesses, operations, financial condition or
operating results and other statements that are not historical facts. There can be no assurance that the proposed IAA transaction
will in fact be consummated. These forward-looking statements generally can be identified by phrases such as &ldquo;will,&rdquo;
 &ldquo;should,&rdquo; &ldquo;expects,&rdquo; &ldquo;plans,&rdquo; &ldquo;anticipates,&rdquo; &ldquo;could,&rdquo;
 &ldquo;intends,&rdquo; &ldquo;target,&rdquo; &ldquo;goal,&rdquo; &ldquo;projects,&rdquo; &ldquo;contemplates,&rdquo;
 &ldquo;believes,&rdquo; &ldquo;predicts,&rdquo; &ldquo;potential,&rdquo; &ldquo;continue,&rdquo; &ldquo;foresees,&rdquo;
 &ldquo;forecasts,&rdquo; &ldquo;estimates,&rdquo; &ldquo;opportunity&rdquo; or other words or phrases of similar import.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">It is uncertain
whether any of the events anticipated by the forward-looking statements will transpire or occur, or if any of them do, what impact
they will have on the results of operations and financial condition of the combined companies or the price of RBA&rsquo;s common
shares or IAA&rsquo;s common stock. Therefore, you should not place undue reliance on any such statements and caution must be
exercised in relying on forward-looking statements. While RBA&rsquo;s and IAA&rsquo;s management believe the assumptions underlying
the forward-looking statements are reasonable, these forward-looking statements involve certain risks and uncertainties, many of
which are beyond the parties&rsquo; control, that could cause actual results to differ materially from those indicated in such
forward-looking statements, including but not limited to: the possibility that shareholders of RBA may not approve the issuance of
new common shares of RBA in the transaction or that stockholders of IAA may not approve the adoption of the merger agreement; the
risk that a condition to closing of the proposed IAA transaction may not be satisfied (or waived), that either party may terminate
the merger agreement or that the closing of the proposed IAA transaction might be delayed or not occur at all; the anticipated tax
treatment of the proposed IAA transaction; potential adverse reactions or changes to business or employee relationships, including
those resulting from the announcement or completion of the proposed IAA transaction; the diversion of management time on
transaction-related issues; the response of competitors to the proposed IAA transaction; the ultimate difficulty, timing, cost and
results of integrating the operations of RBA and IAA; the effects of the business combination of RBA and IAA, including the combined
company&rsquo;s future financial condition, results of operations, strategy and plans; the failure (or delay) to receive the
required regulatory approval of the transaction; the fact that operating costs and business disruption may be greater than expected
following the public announcement or consummation of the proposed IAA transaction; <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">the effect
of the announcement, pendency or consummation of the proposed IAA transaction on the trading price of RBA&rsquo;s common shares or
IAA&rsquo;s common stock; the ability of RBA and/or IAA to retain and hire key personnel and employees</FONT>; the significant costs
associated with the proposed IAA transaction; the outcome of any legal proceedings that could be instituted against RBA, IAA and/or
others relating to the proposed IAA transaction; restrictions during the pendency of the proposed IAA transaction that may impact
the ability of RBA and/or IAA to pursue non-ordinary course transactions, including certain business opportunities or strategic
transactions; the ability of the combined company to realize anticipated synergies in the amount, manner or timeframe expected or at
all; the failure of the combined company to realize potential revenue, growth, operational enhancement, expansion or other value
creation opportunities from the sources or in the amount, manner or timeframe expected or at all; the failure of the trading
multiple of the combined company to normalize or re-rate and other fluctuations in such trading multiple; changes in capital markets
and the ability of the combined company to finance operations in the manner expected or to de-lever in the timeframe expected; the
failure of RBA or the combined company to meet financial and/or KPI targets; <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">t</FONT>he
failure to satisfy any of the conditions to closing of the Starboard investment in RBA; any legal impediment to the payment of the
special dividend by RBA, including TSX consent to the dividend record date; <FONT STYLE="background-color: white">legislative,
regulatory and economic developments affecting the business of RBA and IAA; general economic and market developments and conditions;
the evolving legal, regulatory and tax regimes under which RBA and IAA operates; unpredictability and severity of catastrophic
events, including, but not limited to, pandemics, acts of terrorism or outbreak of war or hostilities, as well as RBA&rsquo;s or
IAA&rsquo;s response to any of the aforementioned factors</FONT>. These risks, as well as other risks related to the proposed IAA
transaction, are included in the registration statement on Form S-4 and joint proxy statement/prospectus filed with the Securities
and Exchange Commission (the &ldquo;SEC&rdquo;) and applicable Canadian securities regulatory authorities in connection with the
proposed IAA transaction. While the list of factors presented here is, and the list of factors presented in the registration
statement on Form S-4 are, considered representative, no such list should be considered to be a complete statement of all potential
risks and uncertainties.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">For additional information
about other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements, please
refer to RBA&rsquo;s and IAA&rsquo;s respective periodic reports and other filings with the SEC and/or applicable Canadian securities
regulatory authorities, including the risk factors identified in RBA&rsquo;s most recent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Annual Report
on Form 10-K and IAA&rsquo;s most recent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Annual Report on Form 10-K. The forward-looking statements
included in this communication are made only as of the date hereof. Neither RBA nor IAA undertakes any obligation to update any forward-looking
statements to reflect actual results, new information, future events, changes in its expectations or other circumstances that exist after
the date as of which the forward-looking statements were made, except as required by law.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white; color: red"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B>No Offer or Solicitation</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">This communication is
not intended to and shall not constitute an offer to buy or sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy or sell any securities, or a solicitation
of any vote or approval, nor shall there be any offer, solicitation or sale of securities in any jurisdiction in which such offer, solicitation
or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification under the securities laws of any such jurisdiction. No offer of securities
shall be made except by means of a prospectus meeting the requirements of Section 10 of the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or
pursuant to an exemption from, or in a transaction not subject to, such registration requirements.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white"><B>Important Additional Information and Where
to Find It</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; background-color: white">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">In connection with the proposed IAA transaction,
RBA filed with the SEC and applicable Canadian securities regulatory authorities a registration statement on Form S-4 to register the
common shares of RBA to be issued in connection with the proposed IAA transaction on December 14, 2022. The registration statement includes
a joint proxy statement/prospectus which will be sent to the shareholders of RBA and stockholders of IAA seeking their approval of their
respective transaction-related proposals. Each of RBA and IAA may also file other relevant documents with the SEC and/or applicable Canadian
securities regulatory authorities regarding the proposed IAA transaction. This document is not a substitute for the proxy statement/prospectus
or registration statement or any other document that RBA or IAA may file with the SEC and/or applicable Canadian securities regulatory
authorities. INVESTORS AND SECURITY HOLDERS ARE URGED TO READ THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT ON FORM S-4 AND THE RELATED JOINT PROXY STATEMENT/PROSPECTUS,
AS WELL AS ANY AMENDMENTS OR SUPPLEMENTS TO THOSE DOCUMENTS AND ANY OTHER RELEVANT DOCUMENTS FILED OR TO BE FILED WITH THE SEC <FONT STYLE="text-transform: uppercase">and
applicable Canadian securities regulatory authorities</FONT> IN CONNECTION WITH THE PROPOSED IAA TRANSACTION OR INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
IN THE PROXY STATEMENT/PROSPECTUS, CAREFULLY AND IN THEIR ENTIRETY IF AND WHEN THEY BECOME AVAILABLE, BECAUSE THEY CONTAIN OR WILL CONTAIN
IMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT RBA, IAA AND THE PROPOSED IAA TRANSACTION.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">Investors and security holders may obtain copies
of these documents (when they are available) free of charge through the website maintained by the SEC at www.sec.gov, SEDAR at www.sedar.com
or from RBA at its website, investor.ritchiebros.com, or from IAA at its website, investors.iaai.com. Documents filed with the SEC and
applicable Canadian securities regulatory authorities by RBA (when they are available) will be available free of charge by accessing RBA&rsquo;s
website at investor.ritchiebros.com under the heading Financials/SEC Filings, or, alternatively, by directing a request by telephone or
mail to RBA at 9500 Glenlyon Parkway, Burnaby, BC, V5J 0C6, Canada, and documents filed with the SEC by IAA (when they are available)
will be available free of charge by accessing IAA&rsquo;s website at investors.iaai.com or by contacting IAA&rsquo;s Investor Relations
at investors@iaai.com.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; color: red"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; color: red"><B></B></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify; color: red"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify"><B>Participants in the Solicitation</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0; text-align: justify">RBA and IAA, certain of their respective directors
and executive officers and other members of management and employees, and Jeffrey C. Smith, may be deemed to be participants in the solicitation
of proxies from the stockholders of RBA and IAA in respect of the proposed IAA transaction under the rules of the SEC. Information about
RBA&rsquo;s directors and executive officers is available in RBA&rsquo;s definitive proxy statement on Schedule 14A for its 2022 Annual
Meeting of Shareholders, which was filed with the SEC and applicable Canadian securities regulatory authorities on March 15, 2022, and
certain of its Current Reports on Form 8-K. Information about IAA&rsquo;s directors and executive officers is available in IAA&rsquo;s
definitive proxy statement on Schedule 14A for its 2022 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, which was filed with the SEC on May 2, 2022, and
certain of its Current Reports on Form 8-K. Other information regarding persons who may be deemed participants in the proxy solicitation
and a description of their direct and indirect interests, by security holdings or otherwise, including information with respect to Mr.
Smith, are contained or will be contained in the joint proxy statement/prospectus and other relevant materials filed or to be filed with
the SEC and applicable Canadian securities regulatory authorities regarding the proposed IAA transaction when they become available. Investors
should read the joint proxy statement/prospectus carefully before making any voting or investment decisions. You may obtain free copies
of these documents from RBA or IAA free of charge using the sources indicated above.</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Contacts</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>&nbsp;</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Investors</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Sameer Rathod Vice President, Investor Relations &amp; Market Intelligence</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">(510) 381-7584</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">srathod@ritchiebros.com</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"><B>Media</B></P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Dan Katcher / Lucas Pers / Haley Salas</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">Joele Frank, Wilkinson Brimmer Katcher</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">(212) 355-4449</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>

<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0"></P>

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<P STYLE="font: 10pt Times New Roman, Times, Serif; margin: 0pt 0">&nbsp;</P>



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	  <link:usedOn>link:calculationLink</link:usedOn>
	  <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
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    <import namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd" />
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</XBRL>
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.DEF
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>rba-20230122_def.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION DEFINITION LINKBASE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
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    <!-- Field: Doc-Info; Name: VendorURI; Value: https://www.novaworks.com -->
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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.LAB
<SEQUENCE>6
<FILENAME>rba-20230122_lab.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION LABEL LINKBASE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="US-ASCII" standalone="no"?>
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      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Period End Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus" xlink:to="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalPeriodFocus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Fiscal Period Focus</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus" xlink:to="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_DocumentFiscalYearFocus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Document Fiscal Year Focus</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:label="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate" xlink:to="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CurrentFiscalYearEndDate_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Current Fiscal Year End Date</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity File Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:to="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Registrant Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:to="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Central Index Key</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityPrimarySicNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Primary SIC Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Tax Identification Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line One</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line Two</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine3_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Address Line Three</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, City or Town</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, State or Province</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCountry" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCountry_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Country</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_CountryRegion" xlink:label="dei_CountryRegion" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CountryRegion" xlink:to="dei_CountryRegion_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CountryRegion_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Country Region</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:to="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">City Area Code</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:to="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Local Phone Number</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_Extension" xlink:label="dei_Extension" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Extension" xlink:to="dei_Extension_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Extension_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Extension</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:to="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Written Communications</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:to="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Soliciting Material</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12bTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Security12bTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(b) Security</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" xlink:label="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag" xlink:to="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">No Trading Symbol Flag</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_TradingSymbol" xlink:to="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_TradingSymbol_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Trading Symbol</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SecurityExchangeName" xlink:to="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SecurityExchangeName_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Security Exchange Name</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_Security12gTitle" xlink:label="dei_Security12gTitle" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_Security12gTitle" xlink:to="dei_Security12gTitle_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_Security12gTitle_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Title of 12(g) Security</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_SecurityReportingObligation" xlink:label="dei_SecurityReportingObligation" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SecurityReportingObligation" xlink:to="dei_SecurityReportingObligation_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_SecurityReportingObligation_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Security Reporting Obligation</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_AnnualInformationForm" xlink:label="dei_AnnualInformationForm" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AnnualInformationForm" xlink:to="dei_AnnualInformationForm_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AnnualInformationForm_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Annual Information Form</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" xlink:label="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements" xlink:to="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_AuditedAnnualFinancialStatements_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Audited Annual Financial Statements</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" xlink:label="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer" xlink:to="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityWellKnownSeasonedIssuer_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Well-known Seasoned Issuer</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" xlink:label="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers" xlink:to="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityVoluntaryFilers_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Voluntary Filers</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" xlink:label="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus" xlink:to="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityCurrentReportingStatus_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Current Reporting Status</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" xlink:label="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent" xlink:to="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
      <link:label xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label" xlink:label="dei_EntityInteractiveDataCurrent_lbl" xml:lang="en-US">Entity Interactive Data Current</link:label>
      <link:loc xlink:type="locator" xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2021q4/dei-2021q4.xsd#dei_EntityFilerCategory" xlink:label="dei_EntityFilerCategory" />
      <link:labelArc xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityFilerCategory" xlink:to="dei_EntityFilerCategory_lbl" xlink:type="arc" />
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</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.PRE
<SEQUENCE>7
<FILENAME>rba-20230122_pre.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION PRESENTATION LINKBASE
<TEXT>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>XML
<SEQUENCE>8
<FILENAME>R1.htm
<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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<span style="display: none;">v3.22.4</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="idm139981681190192">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Cover<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Jan. 22, 2023</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Document Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">8-K<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Jan. 22,  2023<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">001-13425<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">Ritchie
Bros. Auctioneers Incorporated<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0001046102<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">98-0626225<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation, State or Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">Z4<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">9500 Glenlyon Parkway<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Burnaby<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">BC<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCountry', window );">Entity Address, Country</a></td>
<td class="text">CA<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">V5J0C6<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">778<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">331-5500<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_WrittenCommunications', window );">Written Communications</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial', window );">Soliciting Material</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer', window );">Pre-commencement Issuer Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=rba_CommonSharesMember', window );">Common shares</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Document Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">Common shares<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">RBA<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NYSE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="rh">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_us-gaap_StatementClassOfStockAxis=rba_CommonSharePurchaseRightsMember', window );">Common Share Purchase Rights</a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentInformationLineItems', window );"><strong>Document Information [Line Items]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Title of 12(b) Security</a></td>
<td class="text">Common Share Purchase Rights<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag', window );">No Trading Symbol Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">true<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NYSE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="display: none;">
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_AmendmentFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
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<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentInformationLineItems">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Line items represent financial concepts included in a table. These concepts are used to disclose reportable information associated with domain members defined in one or many axes to the table.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentInformationLineItems</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period.  The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:dateItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCountry">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCountry</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:countryCodeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:employerIdItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true only for a security having no trading symbol.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_NoTradingSymbolFlag</td>
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<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13e<br> -Subsection 4c<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14d<br> -Subsection 2b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_Security12bTitle">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Title of a 12(b) registered security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_Security12bTitle</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td>dei:securityTitleItemType</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection d1-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SecurityExchangeName</td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Section 14a<br> -Number 240<br> -Subsection 12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SolicitingMaterial</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_TradingSymbol">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_WrittenCommunications">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Securities Act<br> -Number 230<br> -Section 425<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
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<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_WrittenCommunications</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
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end
</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
</SEC-DOCUMENT>
