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Income Taxes
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2025
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
Note 7. Income Taxes
Income tax expense for interim periods is based upon an estimate of the annual effective tax rate, adjusted for the effects of any significant and infrequent or unusual items required to be recognized discretely within the current interim period. The estimated income tax expense reflects, among other items, management’s best estimate of operating results. It does not include the estimated impact of foreign exchange rate fluctuations or unusual and/or infrequent items, which may cause significant variations in the customary relationship between income tax expense and income before income taxes.
The Company's effective tax rate was 14.8% for the three months ended September 30, 2025, and 20.5% for the nine months ended September 30, 2025. The variance from the statutory federal and provincial tax rate in British Columbia, Canada of 27.0% relates primarily to certain discrete items, a change in estimate regarding certain deductions, and a higher estimate of income taxed in jurisdictions with lower tax rates. Partially offsetting these decreases was an increase in valuation allowances associated with certain deferred tax assets relating to the transaction described in Note 14.
On July 4, 2025, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (“OBBBA”) was enacted in the United States. The OBBBA includes significant provisions, such as the permanent extension of certain expiring provisions of the United States Tax Cuts and Jobs Act and amends other provisions of the Internal Revenue Code. The legislation has multiple effective dates, with certain provisions effective in 2025 and others through 2027. The Company is assessing the impact the OBBBA may have on its consolidated financial statements, but does not currently expect it to have a material impact.
The Company is routinely subject to tax audits and reviews in various jurisdictions around the world. Tax authorities may challenge the manner in which the Company has filed its tax returns and reported its income.
On December 3, 2024, the Canada Revenue Agency ("CRA") issued the Company a Notice of Assessment and Statement of Interest for C$79.1 million ($56.8 million), for the taxation years 2010 through 2015, inclusive of C$37.7 million ($27.1 million) in income taxes, and C$41.4 million ($29.7 million) in interest and penalties. The CRA is asserting that one of the Company’s Luxembourg subsidiaries, which was in operation from 2010 to 2020, was a resident in Canada from 2010 through 2015 and that its worldwide income should be subject to Canadian income taxation.
In February 2025, the Company filed a Notice of Objection with the CRA as it believes it is and has been in full compliance with Canadian tax laws and it intends to pursue all available administrative and judicial remedies necessary to resolve this matter. In addition, the Company paid a deposit of C$39.5 million ($28.4 million) to the CRA in early February 2025, recorded within other non-current assets, the minimum required by law as part of the CRA’s objection process. In the event that the Company prevails in its objection or subsequent legal proceedings, the deposit would be refunded with interest to the Company. In June 2025, the Company filed a Notice of Appeal with the Tax Court of Canada. In October 2025, the Crown filed a response to the Company’s Notice of Appeal with the Tax Court of Canada maintaining the CRA’s assertion and requesting that the Company’s appeal be dismissed. The Company believes the Crown’s response is without merit and plans to continue to litigate.
In the event that the Company’s tax filing position is not upheld by either the CRA or by a court of last resort, the Company would incur and record the amounts assessed in income tax, interest and penalties in its consolidated financial statements, which could have a material negative effect on the Company’s results of operations.
In addition, in late 2024, the CRA requested information regarding the 2016 to 2020 taxation years for the same matter, which the Company provided in January 2025. In September 2025, the CRA requested additional information and clarification regarding previous submissions. The Company has not received a notice of assessment relating to the 2016 to 2020 taxation years. Depending on the outcome of this matter, the Company could incur additional income taxes, penalties and interest relating to the 2016 to 2020 taxation years, which could have a material negative effect on its results of operations.
At September 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the Company has not recorded any amounts relating to this matter in the consolidated financial statements, as it is the Company’s conclusion that it is more likely than not that the Company’s tax filing position will ultimately be sustained. The Company is unable to predict the ultimate outcome of this matter and the final disposition of any appeals, which could take numerous years to resolve.