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Segment Information | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2020
Segment Reporting [Abstract] |
Segment Information | Segment Information Our products and services are delivered through three segments – Research, Conferences and Consulting, as described below. •Research provides trusted, objective insights and advice on the mission-critical priorities of leaders across all functional areas of an enterprise through reports, briefings, proprietary tools, access to our research experts, peer networking services and membership programs that enable our clients to drive organizational performance. •Conferences provides business professionals across an organization the opportunity to learn, share and network. From our Gartner Symposium/Xpo series, to industry-leading conferences focused on specific business roles and topics, to peer-driven sessions, our offerings enable attendees to experience the best of Gartner insight and advice. •Consulting combines the power of Gartner market-leading research with custom analysis and on-the-ground support to help chief information officers and other senior executives driving technology-related strategic initiatives move confidently from insight to action. The Company evaluates segment performance and allocates resources based on gross contribution margin. Gross contribution, as presented in the table below, is defined as operating income or loss excluding certain Cost of services and product development expenses, Selling, general and administrative expenses, Depreciation, Amortization of intangibles, and Acquisition and integration charges. Certain bonus and fringe benefit costs included in consolidated Cost of services and product development are not allocated to segment expense. The accounting policies used by the reportable segments are the same as those used by the Company. There are no intersegment revenues. The Company does not identify or allocate tangible assets, including capital expenditures, by reportable segment. Accordingly, tangible assets are not reported by segment because the information is not available by segment and is not reviewed in the evaluation of segment performance or in making decisions regarding the allocation of resources. The Company earns revenue from clients in many countries. Other than the United States, there is no individual country where revenues from external clients represent 10% or more of the Company’s consolidated revenues. Additionally, no single client accounted for 10% or more of the Company’s consolidated revenues and the loss of a single client, in management’s opinion, would not have a material adverse effect on revenues. The tables below present information about the Company’s reportable segments for the years ended December 31 (in thousands).
| Research |  | Conferences |  | Consulting |  | Consolidated
2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenues | $ | 3,602,892 |  |  | $ | 120,140 |  |  | $ | 376,371 |  |  | $ | 4,099,403 |
Gross contribution | 2,597,852 |  |  | 57,302 |  |  | 115,744 |  |  | 2,770,898 |
Corporate and other expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  | (2,280,748) |
Operating income |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 490,150 |
2019 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenues | $ | 3,374,548 |  |  | $ | 476,869 |  |  | $ | 393,904 |  |  | $ | 4,245,321 |
Gross contribution | $ | 2,351,720 |  |  | $ | 241,757 |  |  | $ | 118,450 |  |  | $ | 2,711,927 |
Corporate and other expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | (2,341,840) |
Operating income |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 370,087 |
| Research |  | Conferences |  | Consulting |  | Other (1) |  | Consolidated
2018 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenues | $ | 3,105,764 |  |  | $ | 410,461 |  |  | $ | 353,667 |  |  | $ | 105,562 |  |  | $ | 3,975,454 |
Gross contribution | 2,144,097 |  |  | 207,260 |  |  | 102,541 |  |  | 65,075 |  |  | 2,518,973 |
Corporate and other expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (2,259,258) |
Operating income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 259,715 |
(1) During 2018, the Company divested all of the non-core businesses that comprised its Other segment and moved a small residual product from the Other segment into the Research business and, as a result, no operating activity has been recorded in the Other segment in 2019 or 2020. Note 2 — Acquisitions and Divestitures provides additional information regarding the Company’s 2018 divestitures. The table below provides a reconciliation of total segment gross contribution to net income for the years ended December 31 (in thousands).
|  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Total segment gross contribution |  | $ | 2,770,898 |  |  | $ | 2,711,927 |  |  | $ | 2,518,973 |
Costs and expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of services and product development - unallocated (1) |  | 16,519 |  |  | 17,174 |  |  | 12,319 |
Selling, general and administrative |  | 2,038,963 |  |  | 2,103,424 |  |  | 1,884,141 |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 218,984 |  |  | 211,779 |  |  | 255,601 |
Acquisition and integration charges |  | 6,282 |  |  | 9,463 |  |  | 107,197 |
Operating income |  | 490,150 |  |  | 370,087 |  |  | 259,715 |
Interest expense and other, net |  | (119,203) |  |  | (92,273) |  |  | (124,041) |
(Loss) gain from divested operations |  | — |  |  | (2,075) |  |  | 45,447 |
Loss on extinguishment of debt |  | (44,814) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Less: Provision for income taxes |  | 59,388 |  |  | 42,449 |  |  | 58,665 |
Net income |  | $ | 266,745 |  |  | $ | 233,290 |  |  | $ | 122,456 |
(1)The unallocated amounts consist of certain bonus and fringe costs recorded in consolidated Cost of services and product development that are not allocated to segment expense. The Company’s policy is to allocate bonuses to segments at 100% of a segment employee’s target bonus. Amounts above or below 100% are absorbed by corporate. Disaggregated revenue information by reportable segment for the three years ended December 31, 2020 is presented in Note 9 — Revenue and Related Matters. Long-lived asset information by geographic location as of December 31 is summarized in the table below (in thousands).
| 2020 |  | 2019
Long-lived assets (1): |  |  |
United States and Canada | $ | 820,973 |  |  | $ | 867,974 |
Europe, Middle East and Africa | 265,782 |  |  | 242,729 |
Other International | 153,609 |  |  | 159,037 |
Total long-lived assets | $ | 1,240,364 |  |  | $ | 1,269,740 |
(1)Excludes goodwill and intangible assets for all dates.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for reporting segments including data and tables. Reportable segments include those that meet any of the following quantitative thresholds a) it's reported revenue, including sales to external customers and intersegment sales or transfers is 10 percent or more of the combined revenue, internal and external, of all operating segments b) the absolute amount of its reported profit or loss is 10 percent or more of the greater, in absolute amount of 1) the combined reported profit of all operating segments that did not report a loss or 2) the combined reported loss of all operating segments that did report a loss c) its assets are 10 percent or more of the combined assets of all operating segments. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 280 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 31 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120311839&loc=d3e8924-108599 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 280 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 34 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120311839&loc=d3e8981-108599 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 280 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 21 -Subparagraph (a) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120311839&loc=d3e8721-108599 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 280 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 40 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120311839&loc=d3e9031-108599 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 280 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 32 -Subparagraph (f) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120311839&loc=d3e8933-108599 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 280 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 32 -Subparagraph (e) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120311839&loc=d3e8933-108599 Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 280 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 26 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120311839&loc=d3e8844-108599 Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 280 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 41 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120311839&loc=d3e9038-108599 Reference 9: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 280 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 32 -Subparagraph (d) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120311839&loc=d3e8933-108599 Reference 10: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 280 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 22 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120311839&loc=d3e8736-108599 Reference 11: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 280 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 42 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120311839&loc=d3e9054-108599 Reference 12: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 280 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 15 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120311839&loc=d3e8657-108599 Reference 13: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 280 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 21 -Subparagraph (b) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=120311839&loc=d3e8721-108599 Reference 14: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 280 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2134510 + Details
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