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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-Q
(Mark One)

☑ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934.
| For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2021
| OR
☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934.

Commission File Number 1-14443
Gartner, Inc.
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware | 04-3099750
(State or other jurisdiction of | (I.R.S. Employer
incorporation or organization) | Identification Number)
P.O. Box 10212 | 06902-7700
56 Top Gallant Road | (Zip Code)
Stamford, |
Connecticut |
(Address of principal executive offices) |

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (203) 316-1111
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $.0005 par value per share | IT | New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☑ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | ☑ |  | Accelerated filer | ☐ |  | Non-accelerated filer | ☐
|  |  | Smaller reporting company | ☐ |  | Emerging growth company | ☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☑
As of April 30, 2021, 86,076,529 shares of the registrant’s common shares were outstanding.
1

Table of Contents

| Page
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited) |
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020 | 3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 | 4
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 | 5
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders' Equity for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 | 6
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 | 7
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 8
ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS | 23
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK | 35
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES | 36
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION |
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS | 37
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS | 37
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS | 37
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS | 38

2

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
GARTNER, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
(Unaudited; in thousands, except share data)

| March 31, |  | December 31,
| 2021 |  | 2020
Assets |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 445,995 |  |  | $ | 712,583 |
Fees receivable, net of allowances of $9,000 and $10,000, respectively | 1,175,426 |  |  | 1,241,508 |
Deferred commissions | 257,956 |  |  | 259,755 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 118,479 |  |  | 109,212 |
Total current assets | 1,997,856 |  |  | 2,323,058 |
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements, net | 322,610 |  |  | 336,765 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets | 633,796 |  |  | 647,283 |
Goodwill | 2,943,500 |  |  | 2,945,547 |
Intangible assets, net | 777,441 |  |  | 806,998 |
Other assets | 262,655 |  |  | 256,316 |
Total Assets | $ | 6,937,858 |  |  | $ | 7,315,967 |
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | $ | 703,439 |  |  | $ | 952,431 |
Deferred revenues | 2,088,463 |  |  | 1,974,548 |
Current portion of long-term debt | 20,519 |  |  | 20,515 |
Total current liabilities | 2,812,421 |  |  | 2,947,494 |
Long-term debt, net of deferred financing fees | 1,949,078 |  |  | 1,958,286 |
Operating lease liabilities | 765,125 |  |  | 780,166 |
Other liabilities | 519,640 |  |  | 539,593 |
Total Liabilities | 6,046,264 |  |  | 6,225,539 |
Stockholders’ Equity |  |  |
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 5,000,000 shares authorized; none issued or outstanding | — |  |  | — |
Common stock, $0.0005 par value, 250,000,000 shares authorized; 163,602,067 shares issued for both periods | 82 |  |  | 82 |
Additional paid-in capital | 2,003,473 |  |  | 1,968,930 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net | (93,178) |  |  | (99,228) |
Accumulated earnings | 2,419,567 |  |  | 2,255,467 |
Treasury stock, at cost, 76,519,765 and 74,759,985 common shares, respectively | (3,438,350) |  |  | (3,034,823) |
Total Stockholders’ Equity | 891,594 |  |  | 1,090,428 |
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity | $ | 6,937,858 |  |  | $ | 7,315,967 |

See the accompanying notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
3

GARTNER, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
(Unaudited; in thousands, except per share data)

| Three Months Ended |  |
| March 31, |  |
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  |  |  |
Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Research | $ | 979,732 |  |  | $ | 909,291 |  |  |  |  |
Conferences | 24,802 |  |  | 13,870 |  |  |  |  |
Consulting | 99,504 |  |  | 95,730 |  |  |  |  |
Total revenues | 1,104,038 |  |  | 1,018,891 |  |  |  |  |
Costs and expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of services and product development | 334,467 |  |  | 341,278 |  |  |  |  |
Selling, general and administrative | 487,255 |  |  | 496,639 |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation | 25,750 |  |  | 22,517 |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of intangibles | 30,514 |  |  | 32,179 |  |  |  |  |
Acquisition and integration charges | 640 |  |  | 1,560 |  |  |  |  |
Total costs and expenses | 878,626 |  |  | 894,173 |  |  |  |  |
Operating income | 225,412 |  |  | 124,718 |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense, net | (26,149) |  |  | (26,349) |  |  |  |  |
Other income (expense), net | 15,490 |  |  | (1,515) |  |  |  |  |
Income before income taxes | 214,753 |  |  | 96,854 |  |  |  |  |
Provision for income taxes | 50,653 |  |  | 21,757 |  |  |  |  |
Net income | $ | 164,100 |  |  | $ | 75,097 |  |  |  |  |
Net income per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 1.86 |  |  | $ | 0.84 |  |  |  |  |
Diluted | $ | 1.84 |  |  | $ | 0.83 |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average shares outstanding: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | 88,352 |  |  | 89,219 |  |  |  |  |
Diluted | 89,139 |  |  | 90,066 |  |  |  |  |

See the accompanying notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
4

GARTNER, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
(Unaudited; in thousands)

| Three Months Ended |  |
| March 31, |  |
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  |  |  |
Net income | $ | 164,100 |  |  | $ | 75,097 |  |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustments | 677 |  |  | (46,381) |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate swaps – net change in deferred gain or loss | 5,270 |  |  | (44,732) |  |  |  |  |
Pension plans – net change in deferred actuarial loss | 103 |  |  | 79 |  |  |  |  |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | 6,050 |  |  | (91,034) |  |  |  |  |
Comprehensive income (loss) | $ | 170,150 |  |  | $ | (15,937) |  |  |  |  |

See the accompanying notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
5

GARTNER, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity
(Unaudited; in thousands)
Three Months Ended March 31, 2021

| Common Stock | Additional Paid-In Capital | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss, Net | Accumulated Earnings | Treasury Stock | Total
Balance at December 31, 2020 | $ | 82 |  | $ | 1,968,930 |  | $ | (99,228) |  | $ | 2,255,467 |  | $ | (3,034,823) |  | $ | 1,090,428 |
Net income | — |  | — |  | — |  | 164,100 |  | — |  | 164,100 |
Other comprehensive income | — |  | — |  | 6,050 |  | — |  | — |  | 6,050 |
Issuances under stock plans | — |  | (1,543) |  | — |  | — |  | 6,923 |  | 5,380 |
Common share repurchases | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (410,450) |  | (410,450) |
Stock-based compensation expense | — |  | 36,086 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 36,086 |
Balance at March 31, 2021 | $ | 82 |  | $ | 2,003,473 |  | $ | (93,178) |  | $ | 2,419,567 |  | $ | (3,438,350) |  | $ | 891,594 |

Three Months Ended March 31, 2020

| Common Stock | Additional Paid-In Capital | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss, Net | Accumulated Earnings | Treasury Stock | Total
Balance at December 31, 2019 | $ | 82 |  | $ | 1,899,273 |  | $ | (77,938) |  | $ | 1,988,722 |  | $ | (2,871,546) |  | $ | 938,593 |
Net income | — |  | — |  | — |  | 75,097 |  | — |  | 75,097 |
Other comprehensive loss | — |  | — |  | (91,034) |  | — |  | — |  | (91,034) |
Issuances under stock plans | — |  | (1,794) |  | — |  | — |  | 7,448 |  | 5,654 |
Common share repurchases | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (63,164) |  | (63,164) |
Stock-based compensation expense | — |  | 25,129 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 25,129 |
Balance at March 31, 2020 | $ | 82 |  | $ | 1,922,608 |  | $ | (168,972) |  | $ | 2,063,819 |  | $ | (2,927,262) |  | $ | 890,275 |

6

GARTNER, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
(Unaudited; in thousands)

| Three Months Ended
| March 31,
| 2021 |  | 2020
Operating activities: |  |  |
Net income | $ | 164,100 |  |  | $ | 75,097 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 56,264 |  |  | 54,696 |
Stock-based compensation expense | 36,086 |  |  | 25,129 |
Deferred taxes | 3,883 |  |  | 25,537 |
Reduction in the carrying amount of operating lease right-of-use assets | 18,575 |  |  | 22,862 |
Amortization and write-off of deferred financing fees | 923 |  |  | 1,637 |
Gain on de-designated swaps | (15,765) |  |  | — |
Changes in assets and liabilities: |  |  |
Fees receivable, net | 54,192 |  |  | 135,661 |
Deferred commissions | (237) |  |  | 17,520 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | (9,933) |  |  | (12,656) |
Other assets | (10,081) |  |  | 5,961 |
Deferred revenues | 131,786 |  |  | (26,228) |
Accounts payable and accrued and other liabilities | (272,495) |  |  | (269,467) |
Cash provided by operating activities | 157,298 |  |  | 55,749 |
Investing activities: |  |  |
Additions to property, equipment and leasehold improvements | (12,521) |  |  | (24,536) |
Cash used in investing activities | (12,521) |  |  | (24,536) |
Financing activities: |  |  |
Proceeds from employee stock purchase plan | 5,357 |  |  | 5,641 |
Proceeds from revolving credit facility | — |  |  | 27,000 |
Payments on revolving credit facility | (5,000) |  |  | — |
Payments on borrowings | (5,127) |  |  | (27,967) |
Purchases of treasury stock | (398,450) |  |  | (73,164) |
Cash used in financing activities | (403,220) |  |  | (68,490) |
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents | (258,443) |  |  | (37,277) |
Effects of exchange rates on cash and cash equivalents | (8,145) |  |  | (15,709) |
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | 712,583 |  |  | 280,836 |
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | $ | 445,995 |  |  | $ | 227,850 |

See the accompanying notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
7

GARTNER, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (Unaudited)
Note 1 — Business and Basis of Presentation
Business. Gartner, Inc. (NYSE: IT) is the world’s leading research and advisory company and a member of the S&P 500. We equip business leaders with indispensable insights, advice and tools to achieve their mission–critical priorities today and build the successful organizations of tomorrow. We believe our unmatched combination of expert-led, practitioner-sourced and data-driven research steers clients toward the right decisions on the issues that matter most. We are a trusted advisor and an objective resource for more than 14,000 enterprises in more than 100 countries — across all major functions, in every industry and enterprise size.
Segments. Gartner delivers its products and services globally through three business segments: Research, Conferences and Consulting. Revenues and other financial information for our segments are discussed in Note 5 — Segment Information.
Basis of presentation. The accompanying interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”), as defined in Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 270 for interim financial information and with the applicable instructions of U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X on Form 10-Q, and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes of the Company in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.
The fiscal year of Gartner is the twelve-month period from January 1 through December 31. In the opinion of management, all normal recurring accruals and adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation of financial position, results of operations and cash flows at the dates and for the periods presented herein have been included. The results of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2021 may not be indicative of the results of operations for the remainder of 2021 or beyond. When used in these notes, the terms “Gartner,” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” or “our” refer to Gartner, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.
Principles of consolidation. The accompanying interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.
Use of estimates. The preparation of the accompanying interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions about future events. These estimates and the underlying assumptions affect the amounts of assets and liabilities reported, disclosures about contingent assets and liabilities, and reported amounts of revenues and expenses. Such estimates include the valuation of fees receivable, goodwill, intangible assets and other long-lived assets, as well as tax accruals and other liabilities. In addition, estimates are used in revenue recognition, income tax expense or benefit, performance-based compensation charges, depreciation and amortization. Management believes its use of estimates in these interim Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements to be reasonable.
Management continually evaluates and revises its estimates using historical experience and other factors, including the general economic environment and actions it may take in the future. Management adjusts these estimates when facts and circumstances dictate. However, these estimates may involve significant uncertainties and judgments and cannot be determined with precision. In addition, these estimates are based on management’s best judgment at a point in time. As a result, differences between estimates and actual results could be material and would be reflected in the Company’s consolidated financial statements in future periods.
Revenue recognition. Revenue is recognized in accordance with the requirements of FASB ASC Topic 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (“ASC Topic 606”). Revenue is only recognized when all of the required criteria for revenue recognition have been met. The accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations present revenue net of any sales or value-added taxes that we collect from customers and remit to government authorities. ASC Topic 270 requires certain disclosures in interim financial statements around the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. Note 2 — Revenue and Related Matters provides additional information regarding the Company’s revenues.
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Adoption of new accounting standards. The Company adopted the accounting standard described below during the three months ended March 31, 2021.
Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes — In December 2019, the FASB issued ASU No. 2019-12, Income Taxes—Simplifying the Accounting for Income Taxes (“ASU No. 2019-12”). ASU No. 2019-12 provides new guidance to simplify the accounting for income taxes in certain areas, changes the accounting for select income tax transactions and makes minor ASC improvements. Gartner adopted ASU No. 2019-12 on January 1, 2021. The adoption of ASU No. 2019-12 did not have a material impact on the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
Accounting standards issued but not yet adopted. The FASB has issued accounting standards that have not yet become effective and may impact the Company’s consolidated financial statements or related disclosures in future periods. Those standards and their potential impact are discussed below.
Accounting standard effective immediately upon voluntary election by Gartner
Reference Rate Reform — In March 2020, the FASB issued ASU No. 2020-04, Reference Rate Reform—Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting (“ASU No. 2020-04”). ASU No. 2020-04 provides that an entity can elect not to apply certain required modification accounting in U.S. GAAP to contracts where all changes to the critical terms relate to reference rate reform (e.g., the expected discontinuance of LIBOR and the transition to an alternative reference interest rate, etc.). In addition, the rule provides optional expedients and exceptions that enable entities to continue to apply hedge accounting for hedging relationships where one or more of the critical terms change due to reference rate reform. The rule became effective for all entities as of March 12, 2020 and will generally no longer be available to apply after December 31, 2022. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of ASU No. 2020-04 on its consolidated financial statements, including the rule’s potential impact on any debt modifications or other contractual changes in the future that may result from reference rate reform.
Note 2 — Revenue and Related Matters
Disaggregated Revenue — The Company’s disaggregated revenue by reportable segment is presented in the tables below for the periods indicated (in thousands).
By Primary Geographic Market (1)
Three Months Ended March 31, 2021

Primary Geographic Market | Research | Conferences | Consulting | Total
United States and Canada | $ | 631,333 |  | $ | 19,599 |  | $ | 57,486 |  | $ | 708,418 |
Europe, Middle East and Africa | 230,201 |  | 2,713 |  | 30,362 |  | 263,276 |
Other International | 118,198 |  | 2,490 |  | 11,656 |  | 132,344 |
Total revenues | $ | 979,732 |  | $ | 24,802 |  | $ | 99,504 |  | $ | 1,104,038 |

Three Months Ended March 31, 2020

Primary Geographic Market | Research | Conferences | Consulting | Total
United States and Canada | $ | 590,156 |  | $ | 5,980 |  | $ | 54,163 |  | $ | 650,299 |
Europe, Middle East and Africa | 205,939 |  | 2,147 |  | 30,082 |  | 238,168 |
Other International | 113,196 |  | 5,743 |  | 11,485 |  | 130,424 |
Total revenues | $ | 909,291 |  | $ | 13,870 |  | $ | 95,730 |  | $ | 1,018,891 |

(1)Revenue is reported based on where the sale is fulfilled.
The Company’s revenue is generated primarily through direct sales to clients by domestic and international sales forces and a network of independent international sales agents. Most of the Company’s products and services are provided on an integrated worldwide basis and, because of this integrated delivery approach, it is not practical to precisely separate the Company's
9

revenue by geographic location. Accordingly, revenue information presented in the above tables is based on internal allocations, which involve certain management estimates and judgments.
By Timing of Revenue Recognition
Three Months Ended March 31, 2021

Timing of Revenue Recognition | Research | Conferences | Consulting | Total
Transferred over time (1) | $ | 894,087 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 84,342 |  | $ | 978,429 |
Transferred at a point in time (2) | 85,645 |  | 24,802 |  | 15,162 |  | 125,609 |
Total revenues | $ | 979,732 |  | $ | 24,802 |  | $ | 99,504 |  | $ | 1,104,038 |

Three Months Ended March 31, 2020

Timing of Revenue Recognition | Research | Conferences | Consulting | Total
Transferred over time (1) | $ | 829,212 |  | $ | — |  | $ | 81,408 |  | $ | 910,620 |
Transferred at a point in time (2) | 80,079 |  | 13,870 |  | 14,322 |  | 108,271 |
Total revenues | $ | 909,291 |  | $ | 13,870 |  | $ | 95,730 |  | $ | 1,018,891 |

(1)Research revenues were recognized in connection with performance obligations that were satisfied over time using a time-elapsed output method to measure progress. Consulting revenues were recognized over time using labor hours as an input measurement basis.
(2)The revenues in this category were recognized in connection with performance obligations that were satisfied at the point in time that the contractual deliverables were provided to the customer.
Performance Obligations — For customer contracts that are greater than one year in duration, the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to performance obligations that are unsatisfied (or partially unsatisfied) as of March 31, 2021 was approximately $3.6 billion. The Company expects to recognize $1,705.5 million, $1,443.1 million and $424.5 million of this revenue (most of which pertains to Research) during the remainder of 2021, the year ending December 31, 2022 and thereafter, respectively. The Company applies a practical expedient that is permitted under ASC Topic 606 and, accordingly, it does not disclose such performance obligation information for customer contracts that have original durations of one year or less. The Company’s performance obligations for contracts meeting this ASC Topic 606 disclosure exclusion primarily include: (i) stand-ready services under Research subscription contracts; (ii) holding conferences and meetings where attendees and exhibitors can participate; and (iii) providing customized Consulting solutions for clients under fixed fee and time and materials engagements. The remaining duration of these performance obligations is generally less than one year, which aligns with the period that the parties have enforceable rights and obligations under the affected contracts.
Customer Contract Assets and Liabilities — The timing of the recognition of revenue and the amount and timing of the Company’s billings and cash collections, including upfront customer payments, result in the recognition of both assets and liabilities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. The table below provides information regarding certain of the Company’s balance sheet accounts that pertain to its contracts with customers (in thousands).

| March 31, |  | December 31,
| 2021 |  | 2020
Assets: |  |  |
Fees receivable, gross (1) | $ | 1,184,426 |  |  | $ | 1,251,508 |
Contract assets recorded in Prepaid expenses and other current assets (2) | $ | 19,883 |  |  | $ | 14,440 |
Contract liabilities: |  |  |
Deferred revenues (current liability) (3) | $ | 2,088,463 |  |  | $ | 1,974,548 |
Non-current deferred revenues recorded in Other liabilities (3) | 25,852 |  |  | 26,754 |
Total contract liabilities | $ | 2,114,315 |  |  | $ | 2,001,302 |

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(1)Fees receivable represent an unconditional right to payment from the Company’s customers and include both billed and unbilled amounts.
(2)Contract assets represent recognized revenue for which the Company does not have an unconditional right to payment as of the balance sheet date because the project may be subject to a progress billing milestone or some other billing restriction.
(3)Deferred revenues represent amounts (i) for which the Company has received an upfront customer payment or (ii) that pertain to recognized fees receivable. Both situations occur before the completion of the Company’s performance obligation(s).
The Company recognized revenue of $726.7 million and $658.4 million during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, that was attributable to deferred revenues that were recorded at the beginning of each such period. Those amounts primarily consisted of (i) Research revenues that were recognized ratably as control of the goods or services passed to the customer and (ii) Conferences revenue pertaining to conferences and meetings that occurred during the reporting periods. During each of the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company did not record any material impairments related to its contract assets. The Company does not typically recognize revenue from performance obligations satisfied in prior periods.
Note 3 — Computation of Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of shares of Common Stock outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS reflects the potential dilution of securities that could share in earnings. Potential shares of common stock are excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share when their effect would be anti-dilutive.
The table below sets forth the calculation of basic and diluted income per share for the periods indicated (in thousands, except per share data).

| Three Months Ended |  |
| March 31, |  |
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  |  |  |
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income used for calculating basic and diluted income per share | $ | 164,100 |  |  | $ | 75,097 |  |  |  |  |
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average common shares used in the calculation of basic income per share | 88,352 |  |  | 89,219 |  |  |  |  |
Dilutive effect of outstanding awards associated with stock-based compensation plans (1) | 787 |  |  | 847 |  |  |  |  |
Shares used in the calculation of diluted income per share | 89,139 |  |  | 90,066 |  |  |  |  |
Basic income per share | $ | 1.86 |  |  | $ | 0.84 |  |  |  |  |
Diluted income per share | $ | 1.84 |  |  | $ | 0.83 |  |  |  |  |

(1)Certain potential shares of common stock were not included in the computation of diluted income per share because the effect would have been anti-dilutive. These potential shares of common stock totaled approximately 0.4 million and 0.7 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021, and 2020, respectively.
Note 4 — Stock-Based Compensation
The Company grants stock-based compensation awards as an incentive for employees and directors to contribute to the Company’s long-term success. The Company currently awards stock-settled stock appreciation rights, service-based and performance-based restricted stock units, and common stock equivalents. As of March 31, 2021, the Company had 4.0 million shares of its common stock, par value $0.0005 per share, (the “Common Stock”) available for stock-based compensation awards under its current Long-Term Incentive Plan as amended and restated in January 2019 (the “Plan”).
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The tables below summarize the Company’s stock-based compensation expense by award type and expense category line item during the periods indicated (in millions).

|  | Three Months Ended |  |
|  | March 31, |  |
Award type |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  |  |  |
Stock appreciation rights |  | $ | 2.0 |  |  | $ | 1.7 |  |  |  |  |
Restricted stock units (2) |  | 33.9 |  |  | 23.2 |  |  |  |  |
Common stock equivalents |  | 0.2 |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |  |  |
Total (1) |  | $ | 36.1 |  |  | $ | 25.1 |  |  |  |  |

|  | Three Months Ended |  |
|  | March 31, |  |
Expense category line item |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  |  |  |
Cost of services and product development |  | $ | 13.7 |  |  | $ | 12.1 |  |  |  |  |
Selling, general and administrative |  | 22.4 |  |  | 13.0 |  |  |  |  |
Total (1) (2) |  | $ | 36.1 |  |  | $ | 25.1 |  |  |  |  |

(1) Includes charges of $21.5 million and $11.6 million during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, for awards to retirement-eligible employees. Those awards vest on an accelerated basis.
(2) On February 5, 2020, prior to the COVID-19 related shutdown in the U.S., the Compensation Committee (“Committee”) of the Board of Directors of the Company established performance measures for the performance-based restricted stock units (the “PSUs”) awarded to the Company’s executive officers in 2020 under the Plan. Based on preliminary corporate performance results for the 2020 performance measures, the 2020 PSUs would have been earned at 50% of target. However, on February 3, 2021, the Committee determined to use its discretion under the Plan to approve a payout at 95% of target. In deciding to exercise this discretion to adjust the performance-based RSU payout, the Committee considered the Company’s strong overall performance in 2020 despite the significant negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result of the modification, the Company recognized $6.5 million of incremental compensation cost during the three months ended March 31, 2021.
Note 5 — Segment Information
The Company’s products and services are delivered through three segments – Research, Conferences and Consulting, as described below.
•Research provides trusted, objective insights and advice on the mission-critical priorities of leaders across all functional areas of an enterprise through reports, briefings, proprietary tools, access to our research experts, peer networking services and membership programs that enable our clients to drive organizational performance.
•Conferences provides business professionals across an organization the opportunity to learn, share and network. From our Gartner Symposium/Xpo series, to industry-leading conferences focused on specific business roles and topics, to peer-driven sessions, our offerings enable attendees to experience the best of Gartner insight and advice.
•Consulting combines the power of Gartner market-leading research with custom analysis and on-the-ground support to help chief information officers and other senior executives driving technology-related strategic initiatives move confidently from insight to action.
The Company evaluates segment performance and allocates resources based on gross contribution margin. Gross contribution, as presented in the tables below, is defined as operating income or loss excluding certain Cost of services and product development expenses, Selling, general and administrative expenses, Depreciation, Amortization of intangibles, and Acquisition and integration charges. Certain bonus and fringe benefit costs included in consolidated Cost of services and product development are not allocated to segment expense. The accounting policies used by the reportable segments are the same as those used by the Company. There are no intersegment revenues. The Company does not identify or allocate assets, including capital expenditures, by reportable segment. Accordingly, assets are not reported by segment because the information is not available by segment and is not reviewed in the evaluation of segment performance or in making decisions regarding the
12

allocation of resources.
The tables below present information about the Company’s reportable segments for the periods indicated (in thousands).

Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 | Research |  | Conferences |  | Consulting |  |  | Consolidated
Revenues | $ | 979,732 |  |  | $ | 24,802 |  |  | $ | 99,504 |  |  |  | $ | 1,104,038 |
Gross contribution | 724,372 |  |  | 13,896 |  |  | 39,098 |  |  |  | 777,366 |
Corporate and other expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (551,954) |
Operating income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 225,412 |

Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 | Research |  | Conferences |  | Consulting |  |  | Consolidated
Revenues | $ | 909,291 |  |  | $ | 13,870 |  |  | $ | 95,730 |  |  |  | $ | 1,018,891 |
Gross contribution | 653,469 |  |  | (6,060) |  |  | 29,382 |  |  |  | 676,791 |
Corporate and other expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (552,073) |
Operating income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 124,718 |

The table below provides a reconciliation of total segment gross contribution to net income for the periods indicated (in thousands).

| Three Months Ended |  |
| March 31, |  |
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  |  |  |
Total segment gross contribution | $ | 777,366 |  |  | $ | 676,791 |  |  |  |  |
Costs and expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of services and product development - unallocated (1) | 7,795 |  |  | (822) |  |  |  |  |
Selling, general and administrative | 487,255 |  |  | 496,639 |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 56,264 |  |  | 54,696 |  |  |  |  |
Acquisition and integration charges | 640 |  |  | 1,560 |  |  |  |  |
Operating income | 225,412 |  |  | 124,718 |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense and other, net | (10,659) |  |  | (27,864) |  |  |  |  |
Less: Provision for income taxes | 50,653 |  |  | 21,757 |  |  |  |  |
Net income | $ | 164,100 |  |  | $ | 75,097 |  |  |  |  |

(1)The unallocated amounts consist of certain bonus and fringe costs recorded in consolidated Cost of services and product development that are not allocated to segment expense. The Company’s policy is to allocate bonuses to segments at 100% of a segment employee’s target bonus. Amounts above or below 100% are absorbed by corporate.
Note 6 — Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Goodwill
Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price of acquired businesses over the estimated fair values of the tangible and identifiable intangible net assets acquired. Evaluations of the recoverability of goodwill are performed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 350, which requires an annual assessment of potential goodwill impairment at the reporting unit level and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of goodwill may not be recoverable.
When performing the annual assessment of the recoverability of goodwill, the Company initially performs a qualitative analysis evaluating whether any events or circumstances occurred or exist that provide evidence that it is more likely than not that the fair value of any of the Company’s reporting units is less than the related carrying amount. If the Company does not believe that it is more likely than not that the fair value of any of the Company’s reporting units is less than the related carrying amount, then no quantitative impairment test is performed. However, if the results of the qualitative assessment indicate that it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its respective carrying amount, then a quantitative impairment
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test is performed. Evaluating the recoverability of goodwill requires judgments and assumptions regarding future trends and events. As a result, both the precision and reliability of the estimates are subject to uncertainty.
The Company’s most recent annual impairment test of goodwill was a qualitative analysis conducted during the quarter ended September 30, 2020 that indicated no impairment. Subsequent to completing the 2020 annual impairment test, there were no events or changes in circumstances noted that required an interim impairment test.
The table below presents changes to the carrying amount of goodwill by segment during the three months ended March 31, 2021 (in thousands).

| Research |  | Conferences |  | Consulting |  |  | Total
Balance at December 31, 2020 (1) | $ | 2,664,732 |  |  | $ | 184,091 |  |  | $ | 96,724 |  |  |  | $ | 2,945,547 |
Foreign currency translation impact | (1,917) |  |  | (38) |  |  | (92) |  |  |  | (2,047) |
Balance at March 31, 2021 | $ | 2,662,815 |  |  | $ | 184,053 |  |  | $ | 96,632 |  |  |  | $ | 2,943,500 |

(1)The Company does not have any accumulated goodwill impairment losses.
Finite-Lived Intangible Assets
The tables below present reconciliations of the carrying amounts of the Company’s finite-lived intangible assets as of the dates indicated (in thousands).

March 31, 2021 |  | Customer Relationships |  | Software |  | Content |  | Other |  | Total
Gross cost at December 31, 2020 |  | $ | 1,154,210 |  |  | $ | 110,597 |  |  | $ | 3,965 |  |  | $ | 10,614 |  |  | $ | 1,279,386 |
Foreign currency translation impact |  | 948 |  |  | 53 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,001 |
Gross cost |  | 1,155,158 |  |  | 110,650 |  |  | 3,965 |  |  | 10,614 |  |  | 1,280,387 |
Accumulated amortization (1) |  | (406,074) |  |  | (88,933) |  |  | (3,965) |  |  | (3,974) |  |  | (502,946) |
Balance at March 31, 2021 |  | $ | 749,084 |  |  | $ | 21,717 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6,640 |  |  | $ | 777,441 |

December 31, 2020 |  | Customer Relationships |  | Software |  | Content |  | Other |  | Total
Gross cost |  | $ | 1,154,210 |  |  | $ | 110,597 |  |  | $ | 3,965 |  |  | $ | 10,614 |  |  | $ | 1,279,386 |
Accumulated amortization (1) |  | (381,776) |  |  | (83,320) |  |  | (3,595) |  |  | (3,697) |  |  | (472,388) |
Balance at December 31, 2020 |  | $ | 772,434 |  |  | $ | 27,277 |  |  | $ | 370 |  |  | $ | 6,917 |  |  | $ | 806,998 |

(1) Finite-lived intangible assets are amortized using the straight-line method over the following periods: Customer relationships—6 to 13 years; Software—3 to 7 years; Content—2 to 3 years; and Other—2 to 11 years.
Amortization expense related to finite-lived intangible assets was $30.5 million and $32.2 million during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The estimated future amortization expense by year for finite-lived intangible assets is presented in the table below (in thousands).

2021 (remaining nine months) | $ | 75,546 |
2022 | 96,169 |
2023 | 96,154 |
2024 | 90,819 |
2025 | 82,150 |
Thereafter | 336,603 |
| $ | 777,441 |

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Note 7 — Debt
The Company’s total outstanding borrowings are summarized in the table below (in thousands).

|  | March 31, |  | December 31,
Description |  | 2021 |  | 2020
2020 Credit Agreement - Term loan facility (1) |  | $ | 390,000 |  |  | $ | 395,000 |
2020 Credit Agreement - Revolving credit facility (1), (2) |  | — |  |  | 5,000 |
2028 Notes (3) |  | 800,000 |  |  | 800,000 |
2030 Notes (4) |  | 800,000 |  |  | 800,000 |
Other (5) |  | 5,919 |  |  | 6,046 |
Principal amount outstanding (6) |  | 1,995,919 |  |  | 2,006,046 |
Less: deferred financing fees (7) |  | (26,322) |  |  | (27,245) |
Net balance sheet carrying amount |  | $ | 1,969,597 |  |  | $ | 1,978,801 |

(1)The contractual annualized interest rate as of March 31, 2021 on the 2020 Credit Agreement Term loan facility and the revolving credit facility was 1.50%, which consisted of a floating Eurodollar base rate of 0.125% plus a margin of 1.375%. However, the Company has interest rate swap contracts that effectively convert the floating Eurodollar base rates on outstanding amounts to a fixed base rate.
(2)The Company had approximately $1.0 billion of available borrowing capacity on the 2020 Credit Agreement revolver (not including the expansion feature) as of March 31, 2021.
(3)Consists of $800.0 million principal amount of 2028 Notes outstanding. The 2028 Notes bear interest at a fixed rate of 4.50% and mature on July 1, 2028.
(4)Consists of $800.0 million principal amount of 2030 Notes outstanding. The 2030 Notes bear interest at a fixed rate of 3.75% and mature on October 1, 2030.
(5)Consists of two State of Connecticut economic development loans. One of the loans originated in 2012, has a 10-year maturity and the outstanding balance of $0.9 million as of March 31, 2021 bears interest at a fixed rate of 3.00%. The second loan, originated in 2019, has a 10-year maturity and bears interest at a fixed rate of 1.75%. Both of these loans may be repaid at any time by the Company without penalty.
(6)The weighted average annual effective rate on the Company’s outstanding debt for the three months ended March 31, 2021, including the effects of its interest rate swaps discussed below, was 5.02%.
(7)Deferred financing fees are being amortized to Interest expense, net over the term of the related debt obligation.
2030 Notes
On September 28, 2020, the Company issued $800.0 million aggregate principal amount of 3.75% Senior Notes due 2030 (the “2030 Notes”). The 2030 Notes were issued pursuant to an indenture, dated as of September 28, 2020 (the “2030 Note Indenture”), among the Company, the guarantors party thereto and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee.
The 2030 Notes were issued at an issue price of 100.0% and bear interest at a rate of 3.75% per annum. Interest on the 2030 Notes is payable on April 1 and October 1 of each year, beginning on April 1, 2021. The 2030 Notes will mature on October 1, 2030.
The Company may redeem some or all of the 2030 Notes at any time on or after October 1, 2025 for cash at the redemption prices set forth in the 2030 Note Indenture, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. Prior to October 1, 2025, the Company may redeem up to 40% of the aggregate principal amount of the 2030 Notes in connection with certain equity offerings, or some or all of the 2030 Notes with a “make-whole” premium, in each case subject to the terms set forth in the 2030 Indenture.
2028 Notes
On June 22, 2020, the Company issued $800.0 million aggregate principal amount of 4.50% Senior Notes due 2028 (the “2028 Notes”). The 2028 Notes were issued pursuant to an indenture, dated as of June 22, 2020 (the “2028 Note Indenture”), among the Company, the guarantors party thereto and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee.
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The 2028 Notes were issued at an issue price of 100.0% and bear interest at a rate of 4.50% per annum. Interest on the 2028 Notes is payable on January 1 and July 1 of each year, beginning on January 1, 2021. The Notes will mature on July 1, 2028.
The Company may redeem some or all of the 2028 Notes at any time on or after July 1, 2023 for cash at the redemption prices set forth in the 2028 Note Indenture, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. Prior to July 1, 2023, the Company may redeem up to 40% of the aggregate principal amount of the 2028 Notes in connection with certain equity offerings, or some or all of the 2028 Notes with a “make-whole” premium, in each case subject to the terms set forth in the 2028 Indenture.
2020 Credit Agreement
On September 28, 2020, the Company entered into an agreement among the Company, as borrower, the lenders party thereto and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent (the “Administrative Agent,” and such agreement, the “2020 Credit Agreement”), which amended and restated the Company’s existing credit facility, dated as of June 17, 2016 (as amended, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the “2016 Credit Agreement”).
The 2020 Credit Agreement provides for a $400.0 million senior secured five-year term loan facility and a $1.0 billion senior secured five-year revolving facility. The term and revolving facilities may be increased, at the Company’s option and under certain conditions, by up to an additional $1.0 billion in the aggregate plus additional amounts subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, including a maximum secured leverage ratio. The term loan will be repaid in consecutive quarterly installments commencing December 31, 2020, plus a final payment due on September 28, 2025, and may be prepaid at any time without penalty or premium (other than applicable breakage costs) at the option of the Company. The revolving credit facility may be used for loans, and up to $75.0 million may be used for letters of credit. The revolving loans may be borrowed, repaid and re-borrowed until September 28, 2025, at which time all amounts borrowed must be repaid.
On September 28, 2020, the Company drew down $400.0 million in term loans. The initial drawdown was used to refinance the outstanding amounts under the 2016 Credit Agreement. Additional amounts drawn down under the 2020 Credit Agreement will be used for general corporate purposes, including the funding of acquisitions, payment of capital expenditures and the repurchase of shares.
The Company’s obligations under the 2020 Credit Agreement are guaranteed, on a secured basis, by certain existing and future direct and indirect U.S. subsidiaries. The Company’s obligations under the 2020 Credit Agreement and the guarantees of the subsidiary guarantors are secured by first priority security interests in substantially all of the assets of the Company and the subsidiary guarantors. The security and pledges are subject to certain exceptions.
Loans under the 2020 Credit Agreement bear interest at a rate equal to, at the Company’s option, either (i) the greatest of: (x) the Wall Street Journal prime rate; (y) the average rate on Federal Reserve Board of New York rate plus 1/2 of 1%; and (z) and the adjusted LIBO rate (adjusted for statutory reserves) for a one-month interest period plus 1%, in each case plus a margin equal to between 0.125% and 1.25% depending on the Company’s consolidated leverage ratio as of the end of the four consecutive fiscal quarters most recently ended, or (ii) the adjusted LIBO rate (adjusted for statutory reserves) plus a margin equal to between 1.125% and 2.25%, depending on the Company’s leverage ratio as of the end of the four consecutive fiscal quarters most recently ended. The commitment fee payable on the unused portion of the revolving credit facility is equal to between 0.175% and 0.40% based on utilization of the revolving credit facility. The Company has also agreed to pay customary letter of credit fees.
Interest Rate Swaps
As of March 31, 2021, the Company had four fixed-for-floating interest rate swap contracts with a total notional value of $1.4 billion that mature through 2025. The Company pays base fixed rates on these swaps ranging from 2.13% to 3.04% and in return receives a floating Eurodollar base rate on 30-day notional borrowings.
As a result of the payment under the then outstanding 2016 Credit Agreement term loan and revolving credit facility, the Company de-designated all of its interest rate swaps effective June 30, 2020. Accordingly, hedge accounting is not applicable, and subsequent changes to the fair value of the interest rate swaps are recorded in Other income (expense), net. The amounts previously recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss are amortized into Interest expense, net over the terms of the hedged forecasted interest payments. As of March 31, 2021, $97.0 million is remaining in Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net. The interest rate swaps had negative unrealized fair values (liabilities) of $84.8 million and $109.2 million as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, of which $72.8 million and $78.1 million were recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax effect, as of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. See Note 11 — Fair Value Disclosures for the determination of the fair values of Company’s interest rate swaps.
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Note 8 — Equity
Share Repurchase Authorization
In 2015, the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”) authorized a share repurchase program to repurchase up to $1.2 billion of the Company’s common stock. On February 4, 2021, the Board authorized incremental share repurchases of up to an additional $300 million of the Company’s common stock. $0.5 billion remained available under the share repurchase program as of March 31, 2021. The Company may repurchase its common stock from time-to-time in amounts, at prices and in the manner that the Company deems appropriate, subject to the availability of stock, prevailing market conditions, the trading price of the stock, the Company’s financial performance and other conditions. Repurchases may be made through open market purchases (which may include repurchase plans designed to comply with Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended), accelerated share repurchases, private transactions or other transactions and will be funded by cash on hand and borrowings. Repurchases may also be made from time-to-time in connection with the settlement of the Company’s stock-based compensation awards. See Note 14 — Subsequent Event for a discussion regarding an increase in the Company’s share repurchase authorization.
The Company’s share repurchase activity is presented in the table below for the periods indicated.

| Three Months Ended |  |
| March 31, |  |
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  |  |  |
Number of shares repurchased (1) | 2,274,710 |  |  | 417,707 |  |  |  |  |
Cash paid for repurchased shares (in thousands) (2) | $ | 398,450 |  |  | $ | 73,164 |  |  |  |  |

(1) The average purchase price for repurchased shares was $180.44 and $151.22 for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The repurchased shares during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 included purchases for both stock-based compensation awards and open market purchases.
(2) The cash paid for repurchased shares during the three months ended March 31, 2021 included $8.0 million of open market purchases with trade dates in December 2020 that settled in January 2021. There were $20.0 million of open market purchases with trade dates in March 2021 that settled in April 2021. The cash paid for repurchased shares during the three months ended March 31, 2020 included open market purchases with trade dates in December 2019 that settled in January 2020.
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss), net (“AOCI/L”)
The tables below provide information about the changes in AOCI/L by component and the related amounts reclassified out of AOCI/L to income during the periods indicated (net of tax, in thousands) (1).
Three Months Ended March 31, 2021

| Interest Rate Swaps |  | Defined Benefit Pension Plans |  | Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments |  | Total
Balance – December 31, 2020 | $ | (78,104) |  |  | $ | (9,309) |  |  | $ | (11,815) |  |  | $ | (99,228) |
Other comprehensive income (loss) activity during the period: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Change in AOCI/L before reclassifications to income | — |  |  | — |  |  | 677 |  |  | 677 |
Reclassifications from AOCI/L to income (2), (3) | 5,270 |  |  | 103 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,373 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) for the period | 5,270 |  |  | 103 |  |  | 677 |  |  | 6,050 |
Balance – March 31, 2021 | $ | (72,834) |  |  | $ | (9,206) |  |  | $ | (11,138) |  |  | $ | (93,178) |

Three Months Ended March 31, 2020
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| Interest Rate Swaps |  | Defined Benefit Pension Plans |  | Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments |  | Total
Balance – December 31, 2019 | $ | (47,164) |  |  | $ | (8,584) |  |  | $ | (22,190) |  |  | $ | (77,938) |
Other comprehensive income (loss) activity during the period: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Change in AOCI/L before reclassifications to income | (47,054) |  |  | — |  |  | (46,381) |  |  | (93,435) |
Reclassifications from AOCI/L to income (2), (3) | 2,322 |  |  | 79 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,401 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) for the period | (44,732) |  |  | 79 |  |  | (46,381) |  |  | (91,034) |
Balance – March 31, 2020 | $ | (91,896) |  |  | $ | (8,505) |  |  | $ | (68,571) |  |  | $ | (168,972) |

(1)Amounts in parentheses represent debits (deferred losses).
(2)$7.0 million and $3.2 million of the reclassifications related to interest rate swaps (cash flow hedges) were recorded in Interest expense, net, for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. See Note 7 — Debt and Note 10 — Derivatives and Hedging for information regarding the cash flow hedges.
(3)The reclassifications related to defined benefit pension plans were recorded in Other income (expense), net.
The estimated net amount of the existing losses on the Company’s interest rate swaps that are reported in Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net at March 31, 2021 that is expected to be reclassified into earnings within the next 12 months is $29.2 million.
Note 9 — Income Taxes
The provision for income taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 was an expense of $50.7 million and $21.8 million, respectively. The effective income tax rate was 23.6% and of 22.5% for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The quarter-over-quarter increase in the effective income tax rate was primarily due to the shifts in estimated geographical mix of earnings as well as the relative impact of tax benefits from stock-based compensation.
The Company had gross unrecognized tax benefits of $125.0 million on March 31, 2021 and $127.1 million on December 31, 2020. It is reasonably possible that gross unrecognized tax benefits will decrease by approximately $8.9 million within the next twelve months due to the anticipated closure of audits and the expiration of certain statutes of limitation.
Note 10 — Derivatives and Hedging
The Company enters into a limited number of derivative contracts to mitigate the cash flow risk associated with changes in interest rates on variable-rate debt and changes in foreign exchange rates on forecasted foreign currency transactions. The Company accounts for its outstanding derivative contracts in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 815, which requires all derivatives, including derivatives designated as accounting hedges, to be recorded on the balance sheet at fair value. The tables below provide information regarding the Company’s outstanding derivative contracts as of the dates indicated (in thousands, except for number of contracts).

March 31, 2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative Contract Type |  | Number of Contracts |  | Notional Amounts |  | Fair Value Asset (Liability), Net (3) |  | Balance Sheet Line Item |  | Unrealized Loss Recorded in AOCI/L, net of tax
Interest rate swaps (1) |  | 4 |  |  | $ | 1,400,000 |  |  | $ | (50,096) |  |  | Other liabilities |  | $ | (72,834) |
|  |  |  |  |  | (34,710) |  |  | Accrued liabilities |  |
Foreign currency forwards (2) |  | 33 |  |  | 196,038 |  |  | (220) |  |  | Accrued liabilities |  | — |
Total |  | 37 |  |  | $ | 1,596,038 |  |  | $ | (85,026) |  |  |  |  | $ | (72,834) |

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December 31, 2020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative Contract Type |  | Number of Contracts |  | Notional Amounts |  | Fair Value Asset (Liability), Net (3) |  | Balance Sheet Line Item |  | Unrealized Loss Recorded in AOCI/L, net of tax
Interest rate swaps (1) |  | 4 |  |  | $ | 1,400,000 |  |  | $ | (74,289) |  |  | Other liabilities |  | $ | (78,104) |
|  |  |  |  |  | (34,886) |  |  | Accrued liabilities |  |
Foreign currency forwards (2) |  | 163 |  |  | 430,063 |  |  | (1,514) |  |  | Accrued liabilities |  | — |
Total |  | 167 |  |  | $ | 1,830,063 |  |  | $ | (110,689) |  |  |  |  | $ | (78,104) |

(1)As a result of the payment under the then outstanding 2016 Credit Agreement term loan and revolving credit facility, the Company de-designated all of its interest rate swaps effective June 30, 2020. Accordingly, hedge accounting is not applicable, and subsequent changes to fair value of the interest rate swaps are recorded in Other income (expense), net. The amounts previously recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss are amortized into Interest expense, net over the terms of the hedged forecasted interest payments. See Note 7 — Debt provides additional information regarding the Company’s interest rate swap contracts.
(2)The Company has foreign exchange transaction risk because it typically enters into transactions in the normal course of business that are denominated in foreign currencies that differ from the local functional currency. The Company enters into short-term foreign currency forward exchange contracts to mitigate the cash flow risk associated with changes in foreign currency rates on forecasted foreign currency transactions. These contracts are accounted for at fair value with realized and unrealized gains and losses recognized in Other income (expense), net because the Company does not designate these contracts as hedges for accounting purposes. All of the outstanding foreign currency forward exchange contracts at March 31, 2021 matured before April 30, 2021.
(3)See Note 11 — Fair Value Disclosures for the determination of the fair values of these instruments.
At March 31, 2021, all of the Company’s derivative counterparties were investment grade financial institutions. The Company did not have any collateral arrangements with its derivative counterparties and none of the derivative contracts contained credit-risk related contingent features. The table below provides information regarding amounts recognized in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for derivative contracts for the periods indicated (in thousands).

|  | Three Months Ended |  |
|  | March 31, |  |
Amount recorded in: |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  |  |  |
Interest expense, net (1) |  | $ | 7,032 |  |  | $ | 3,192 |  |  |  |  |
Other (income) expense, net (2) |  | (15,823) |  |  | 12,599 |  |  |  |  |
Total (income) expense, net |  | $ | (8,791) |  |  | $ | 15,791 |  |  |  |  |

(1)Consists of interest expense from interest rate swap contracts.
(2)Consists of net realized and unrealized gains and losses on foreign currency forward contracts, and gains and losses on de-designated interest rate swaps.
Note 11 — Fair Value Disclosures
The Company’s financial instruments include cash equivalents, fees receivable from customers, accounts payable and accrued liabilities, all of which are normally short-term in nature. The Company believes that the carrying amounts of these financial instruments reasonably approximate their fair values due to their short-term nature. The Company’s financial instruments also include its outstanding variable-rate borrowings under the 2020 Credit Agreement. The Company believes that the carrying amounts of its variable-rate borrowings reasonably approximate their fair values because the rates of interest on those borrowings reflect current market rates of interest for similar instruments with comparable maturities.
The Company enters into a limited number of derivatives transactions but does not enter into repurchase agreements, securities lending transactions or master netting arrangements. Receivables or payables that result from derivatives transactions are recorded gross in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets.
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FASB ASC Topic 820 provides a framework for the measurement of fair value and a valuation hierarchy based on the transparency of inputs used in the valuation of assets and liabilities. Classification within the valuation hierarchy is based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the resulting fair value measurement. The valuation hierarchy contains three levels. Level 1 measurements consist of quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 measurements include significant other observable inputs such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; identical assets or liabilities in inactive markets; observable inputs such as interest rates and yield curves; and other market-corroborated inputs. Level 3 measurements include significant unobservable inputs such as internally-created valuation models. The Company does not currently utilize Level 3 valuation inputs to remeasure any of its assets or liabilities. However, Level 3 inputs may be used by the Company in its required annual impairment review of goodwill. Information regarding the periodic assessment of the Company’s goodwill is included in Note 6 — Goodwill and Intangible Assets. The Company does not typically transfer assets or liabilities between different levels of the valuation hierarchy.
The table below presents the fair values of certain financial assets and liabilities (in thousands).

Description | March 31, 2021 |  | December 31, 2020
Assets: |  |  |
Values based on Level 1 inputs: |  |  |
Deferred compensation plan assets (1) | $ | 6,980 |  |  | $ | 2,589 |
Total Level 1 inputs | 6,980 |  |  | 2,589 |
Values based on Level 2 inputs: |  |  |
Deferred compensation plan assets (1) | 89,059 |  |  | 85,932 |
Foreign currency forward contracts (2) | 41 |  |  | 885 |
Total Level 2 inputs | 89,100 |  |  | 86,817 |
Total Assets | $ | 96,080 |  |  | $ | 89,406 |
Liabilities: |  |  |
Values based on Level 2 inputs: |  |  |
Deferred compensation plan liabilities (1) | $ | 99,397 |  |  | $ | 94,538 |
Foreign currency forward contracts (2) | 261 |  |  | 2,399 |
Interest rate swap contracts (3) | 84,806 |  |  | 109,175 |
Total Level 2 inputs | 184,464 |  |  | 206,112 |
Total Liabilities | $ | 184,464 |  |  | $ | 206,112 |

(1)The Company has a deferred compensation plan for the benefit of certain highly compensated officers, managers and other key employees. The assets consist of investments in money market funds, mutual funds and company-owned life insurance contracts, which are valued based on Level 1 or Level 2 inputs. The related deferred compensation plan liabilities are recorded at fair value, or the estimated amount needed to settle the liability, which the Company considers to be a Level 2 input.
(2)The Company enters into foreign currency forward exchange contracts to hedge the effects of adverse fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates (see Note 10 — Derivatives and Hedging). Valuation of these contracts is based on observable foreign currency exchange rates in active markets, which the Company considers to be a Level 2 input.
(3)The Company has interest rate swap contracts that hedge the risk of variability from interest payments on its borrowings (see Note 7 — Debt). The fair values of interest rate swaps are based on mark-to-market valuations prepared by a third-party broker. Those valuations are based on observable interest rates from recently executed market transactions and other observable market data, which the Company considers to be Level 2 inputs. The Company independently corroborates the reasonableness of the valuations prepared by the third-party broker by using an electronic quotation service.
The table below presents the carrying amounts and fair values of financial instruments that are not recorded at fair value in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (in thousands). The estimated fair value of the financial instruments was derived from quoted market prices provided by an independent dealer, which the Company considers to be a Level 2 input.
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|  | Carrying Amount |  | Fair Value
|  | March 31, |  | December 31, |  | March 31, |  | December 31,
Description |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
2028 Senior Notes |  | $ | 791,041 |  |  | $ | 790,783 |  |  | $ | 823,208 |  |  | $ | 846,296 |
2030 Senior Notes |  | 790,888 |  |  | 790,690 |  |  | 792,624 |  |  | 843,800 |
Total |  | $ | 1,581,929 |  |  | $ | 1,581,473 |  |  | $ | 1,615,832 |  |  | $ | 1,690,096 |

Note 12 — Contingencies
Legal Matters. The Company is involved in legal proceedings and litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. A provision is recorded for pending litigation in the Company’s consolidated financial statements when it is determined that an unfavorable outcome is probable and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. The Company believes that the potential liability, if any, in excess of amounts already accrued from all proceedings, claims and litigation will not have a material effect on the its financial position, cash flows or results of operations when resolved in a future period.
Indemnifications. The Company has various agreements that may obligate it to indemnify the other party with respect to certain matters. Generally, these indemnification clauses are included in contracts arising in the normal course of business under which the Company customarily agrees to hold the other party harmless against losses arising from a breach of representations related to matters such as title to assets sold and licensed or certain intellectual property rights. It is not possible to predict the maximum potential amount of future payments under these indemnification agreements due to the conditional nature of the Company’s obligations and the unique facts of each particular agreement. Historically, payments made by the Company under these agreements have not been material. As of March 31, 2021, the Company did not have any material payment obligations under any such indemnification agreements.
Note 13 — Leases
The Company’s leasing activities are primarily for facilities under cancelable and non-cancelable lease agreements expiring during 2021 and through 2038. These facilities support our executive and administrative activities, sales, systems support, operations, and other functions. The Company also has leases for office equipment and other assets, which are not significant. Certain of these lease agreements include (i) renewal options to extend the lease term for up to five years and/or (ii) options to terminate the agreement within one year. Additionally, certain of the Company’s lease agreements provide standard recurring escalations of lease payments for, among other things, increases in a lessor’s maintenance costs and taxes. Under some lease agreements, the Company may be entitled to allowances, free rent, lessor-financed tenant improvements and other incentives. The Company’s lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.
The Company subleases certain office space that it does not intend to occupy. Such sublease arrangements expire during 2021 and through 2032 and primarily relate to facilities in Arlington, Virginia. Certain of the Company’s sublease agreements: (i) include renewal and termination options; (ii) provide for customary escalations of lease payments in the normal course of business; and (iii) grant the subtenant certain allowances, free rent, Gartner-financed tenant improvements and other incentives.
All of the Company’s leasing and subleasing activity is recognized in Selling, general and administrative expense in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations. The table below presents the Company’s net lease cost and certain other information related to the Company’s leasing activities as of and for the periods indicated (dollars in thousands).
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|  | Three Months Ended |
|  | March 31, |
Description: |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  |  |  |
Operating lease cost (1) |  | $ | 32,865 |  |  | $ | 37,961 |  |  |  |  |
Variable lease cost (2) |  | 4,302 |  |  | 4,403 |  |  |  |  |
Sublease income |  | (10,339) |  |  | (11,090) |  |  |  |  |
Total lease cost, net (3) |  | $ | 26,828 |  |  | $ | 31,274 |  |  |  |  |
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities |  | $ | 34,927 |  |  | $ | 34,936 |  |  |  |  |
Cash receipts from sublease arrangements |  | $ | 10,095 |  |  | $ | 9,417 |  |  |  |  |
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities |  | $ | 7,046 |  |  | $ | 14,919 |  |  |  |  |

(1)Included in operating lease cost was $10.4 million and $10.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, for costs related to subleasing activities.
(2)These amounts are primarily variable lease and nonlease costs that were not fixed at the lease commencement date or are dependent on something other than an index or a rate.
(3)The Company did not capitalize any operating lease costs during each of the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020.
The table below indicates where the discounted operating lease payments from the above table are classified in the accompanying Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (in thousands).

|  | March 31, |  | December 31,
Description: |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities |  | $ | 85,150 |  |  | $ | 83,995 |
Operating leases - liabilities |  | 765,125 |  |  | 780,166 |
Total operating lease liabilities per the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets |  | $ | 850,275 |  |  | $ | 864,161 |

Note 14 — Subsequent Event
On April 29, 2021, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized incremental share repurchases of up to an additional $500 million of Gartner’s common stock. This authorization is in addition to the previously authorized repurchases of up to $1.5 billion, which as of the end of April 2021 had approximately $290 million remaining.
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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The purpose of this Management’s Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”) is to facilitate an understanding of significant factors influencing the quarterly operating results, financial condition and cash flows of Gartner, Inc. Additionally, the MD&A conveys our expectations of the potential impact of known trends, events or uncertainties that may impact future results. You should read this discussion in conjunction with our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 (the “2020 Form 10-K”). Historical results and percentage relationships are not necessarily indicative of operating results for future periods. References to “Gartner,” the “Company,” “we,” “our” and “us” in this MD&A are to Gartner, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries.
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
In addition to historical inf ormation, this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Forward-looking statements are any statements other than statements of historical fact, including statements regarding our expectations, beliefs, hopes, intentions, projections or strategies regarding the future. In some cases, forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of words such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “should,” “could,” “believe,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “predict,” “potential,” “continue” or other words of similar meaning.
We operate i n a very competitive and rapidly changing environment that involves numerous known and unknown risks and uncertainties, some of which are beyond our control. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in any of our forward-looking statements are reasonable, actual results could differ materially from those projected or assumed in any of our forward-looking statements. Our future quarterly and annual revenues, operating income, results of operations and cash flows, as well as any forward-looking statement, are subject to change and to inherent risks and uncertainties, such as those disclosed or incorporated by reference in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Important factors that could cause our actual results, performance and achievements, or industry results to differ materially from estimates or projections contained in our forward-looking statements include, among others, the following: uncertainty of the magnitude, duration, geographic reach and impact on the global economy of the COVID-19 pandemic; the current, and uncertain future, impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and governments’ responses to it on our business, growth, reputation, projections, prospects, financial condition, operations, cash flows, and liquidity; the adequacy or effectiveness of steps we take to respond to the crisis, including cost reduction or other mitigation programs; our ability to recover potential claims under our event cancellation insurance; the timing of conferences and meetings, in particular our Gartner Symposium/Xpo series that normally occurs during the fourth quarter, as well as the timing of our return to in-person conferences and meetings and willingness of participants to attend; our ability to achieve and effectively manage growth, including our ability to integrate our acquisitions and consummate and integrate future acquisitions; our ability to pay our debt obligations; our ability to maintain and expand our products and services; our ability to expand or retain our customer base; our ability to grow or sustain revenue from individual customers; our ability to attract and retain a professional staff of research analysts and consultants as well as experienced sales personnel upon whom we are dependent; our ability to achieve continued customer renewals and achieve new contract value, backlog and deferred revenue growth in light of competitive pressures; our ability to carry out our strategic initiatives and manage associated costs; our ability to successfully compete with existing competitors and potential new competitors; our ability to enforce and protect our intellectual property rights; additional risks associated with international operations, including foreign currency fluctuations; the UK’s exit from the European Union and its impact on our results; the impact of restructuring and other charges on our businesses and operations; cybersecurity incidents; general economic conditions; changes in macroeconomic and market conditions and market volatility (including developments and volatility arising from the COVID-19 pandemic), including interest rates and the effect on the credit markets and access to capital; risks associated with the creditworthiness, budget cuts, and shutdown of governments and agencies; the impact of changes in tax policy and heightened scrutiny from various taxing authorities globally; uncertainty from the expected discontinuance of LIBOR and transition to any other interest rate benchmark; changes to laws and regulations; and other risks and uncertainties detailed in this Form 10-Q, our most recent Form 10-K and other filings we make with the SEC. The potential fluctuations in our operating income could cause period-to-period comparisons of operating results not to be meaningful and could provide an unreliable indication of future operating results. A description of the risk factors associated with our business is included under “Risk Factors” in Item 1A. of the 2020 Form 10-K, which is incorporated herein by reference.
Forward-looking statements are subject to risks, estimates and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those discussed in, or implied by, the forward-looking statements, and are currently, or in the future could be, amplified by the COVID-19 pandemic. Factors that might cause such a difference include, but are not limited to, those listed above or described under “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of the 2020 Form 10-K. Readers should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which reflect management’s opinion only as of the date on which they were made. Forward-looking
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statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q speak only as of the date hereof, and forward-looking statements in documents attached that are incorporated by reference speak only as of the date of those documents. Except as required by law, we disclaim any obligation to review or update these forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances as they occur.
BUSINESS OVERVIEW
Gartner, Inc. (NYSE: IT) i s the world’s leading research and advisory company and a member of the S&P 500. We equip business leaders with indispensable insights, advice and tools to achieve their mission–critical priorities today and build the successful organizations of tomorrow. We believe our unmatched combination of expert-led, practitioner-sourced and data-driven research steers clients toward the right decisions on the issues that matter most. We are a trusted advisor and an objective resource for more than 14,000 enterprises in more than 100 countries — across all major functions, in every industry and enterprise size.
We deliver our products and services globally through three segments – Research, Conferences and Consulting, as described below.
•Research provides trusted, objective insights and advice on the mission-critical priorities of leaders across all functional areas of an enterprise through reports, briefings, proprietary tools, access to our research experts, peer networking services and membership programs that enable our clients to drive organizational performance.
•Conferences provides business professionals across an organization the opportunity to learn, share and network. From our Gartner Symposium/Xpo series, to industry-leading conferences focused on specific business roles and topics, to peer-driven sessions, our offerings enable attendees to experience the best of Gartner insight and advice.
•Consulting combines the power of Gartner market-leading research with custom analysis and on-the-ground support to help chief information officers and other senior executives driving technology-related strategic initiatives move confidently from insight to action.
COVID-19 Impact
The coronavirus disease (“COVID-19”) pandemic has affected nearly every region in the world and has created significant uncertainties and disruption in the global economy. Gartner is closely monitoring the pandemic-related developments, and our highest priority is the health and safety of our associates, clients, vendors, partners, and other stakeholders. We are working closely with our clients to provide best in class COVID-19 related research to assist them in achieving their mission critical priorities.
As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, we have temporarily closed Gartner offices (including our corporate headquarters) in the United States, United Kingdom, India, and several other impacted locations around the world and implemented significant travel restrictions. Although we have plans to reopen most offices in the fall of 2021, reopening is subject to many factors outside of our control. As a result, we cannot predict for certain when or how we will begin to lift the actions put in place as part of our business continuity plans, including work from home protocols and travel restrictions. As of the date of this filing, we do not believe our work from home protocol has affected our internal controls over financial reporting.
We have seen negative impacts to all of our segments with Conferences being the most impacted. We cancelled all in-person conferences after the World Health Organization’s declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020, and began holding virtual conferences during the second half of 2020. We held five virtual conferences during Q1 2021 and plan on holding an additional 18 virtual conferences through August 2021. These virtual conferences are expected to result in significantly less revenue and gross contribution than if they had been in-person, but we believe they aid in client retention and engagement. The safety of our associates and clients remains our top priority so future in-person conferences will be held only when we determine the relevant impacts of COVID-19 have sufficiently receded in the jurisdictions where our conferences are to be held. Operationally, we are planning to resume in-person conferences starting in September 2021.
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As of March 31, 2021, we had approximately $15 million recorded in Prepaid expenses and other current assets on the balance sheet related to cancelled conferences. We expect to recover the majority of these and potential termination costs for future conferences through either force majeure clauses in our vendor contracts, other arrangements with vendors or event cancellation insurance claims. For cancelled conferences, our event cancellation insurance enables us to receive an amount up to the lost contribution margin per conference plus incurred expenses. Our event cancellation insurance provides up to $170 million in coverage for 2020 with the right to reinstate that amount one time if those limits are utilized. The insurer has contested our right to reinstate limits and to include in reinstated limits conferences cancelled due to COVID-19. We are in litigation with the insurer on these issues. The timing of receiving the proceeds from these insurance claims is uncertain so we will not record any insurance claims in excess of expenses incurred until the receipt of the insurance proceeds.
Our Research segment has continued to experience a slowdown as contract value (CV) growth was 5.8% in the first quarter of 2021 compared to 10.5% in the first quarter of 2020 on a foreign currency neutral basis. CV growth slowed late in the first quarter of 2020 as the global virus response led to lower new business growth and lower retention rates. CV growth improved in the first quarter of 2021, compared to the second half of 2020. Since our revenue and CV have been historically stable and predictable as a result of our subscription-based business model, we only experienced a modest decrease in Research revenue growth in 2020 and the first quarter of 2021 compared to that in 2019. Slower CV growth in 2020 and the first quarter of 2021 however will likely lead to slower research revenue growth in 2021. Nonetheless, we believe that our emphasis on providing insight to enterprise leaders and their teams across every major business function will continue to drive client engagement and satisfaction with our Research products.
Our Consulting segment was only moderately impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic as many engagements are being performed by associates working remotely. Labor based consulting weakened late in the first quarter of 2020 due to the pandemic. This weakness continued in the remainder of 2020. Labor based consulting revenue improved in the first quarter of 2021 to pre-pandemic levels.
In response to the pandemic’s impacts to our business, we implemented cost avoidance initiatives in the first half of 2020 including significant limitations on hiring and third-party spending, reductions to discretionary spending and elimination of non-essential travel and re-prioritization of capital expenditures. We began to restore certain investments in the business during the second half of 2020 and we expect these investments to increase in 2021 and future periods.
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BUSINESS MEASUREMENTS
We believe t hat the following business measurements are important performance indicators for our business segments:

BUSINESS SEGMENT |  | BUSINESS MEASUREMENT
Research |  | Total contract value represents the value attributable to all of our subscription-related contracts. It is calculated as the annualized value of all contracts in effect at a specific point in time, without regard to the duration of the contract. Total contract value primarily includes Research deliverables for which revenue is recognized on a ratable basis, as well as other deliverables (primarily Conferences tickets) for which revenue is recognized when the deliverable is utilized. Comparing contract value year-over-year not only measures the short-term growth of our business, but also signals the long-term health of our Research subscription business since it measures revenue that is highly likely to recur over a multi-year period. Our total contract value consists of Global Technology Sales contract value, which includes sales to users and providers of technology, and Global Business Sales contract value, which includes sales to all other functional leaders.
|  | Client retention rate represents a measure of client satisfaction and renewed business relationships at a specific point in time. Client retention is calculated on a percentage basis by dividing our current clients, who were also clients a year ago, by all clients from a year ago. Client retention is calculated at an enterprise level, which represents a single company or customer.
|  | Wallet retention rate represents a measure of the amount of contract value we have retained with clients over a twelve-month period. Wallet retention is calculated on a percentage basis by dividing the contract value of our current clients, who were also clients a year ago, by the total contract value from a year ago, excluding the impact of foreign currency exchange. When wallet retention exceeds client retention, it is an indication of retention of higher-spending clients, or increased spending by retained clients, or both. Wallet retention is calculated at an enterprise level, which represents a single company or customer.
Conferences |  | Number of destination conferences represents the total number of hosted virtual or in-person conferences completed during the period. Single day, local meetings are excluded.
|  | Number of destination conferences attendees represents the total number of people who attend virtual or in-person conferences. Single day, local meetings are excluded.
Consulting |  | Consulting backlog represents future revenue to be derived from in-process consulting and measurement engagements.
|  | Utilization rate represents a measure of productivity of our consultants. Utilization rates are calculated for billable headcount on a percentage basis by dividing total hours billed by total hours available to bill.
|  | Billing rate represents earned billable revenue divided by total billable hours.
|  | Average annualized revenue per billable headcount represents a measure of the revenue generating ability of an average billable consultant and is calculated periodically by multiplying the average billing rate per hour times the utilization percentage times the billable hours available for one year.

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY OF OPERATIONS AND FINANCIAL POSITION
The fundamentals of our strategy include a focus on creating extraordinary research insight, delivering innovative and highly differentiated product offerings, building a strong sales capability, providing world class client service with a focus on client engagement and retention, and continuously improving our operational effectiveness.
We had total revenues of $1.1 billion during the first quarter of 2021, an increase of 8% compared to the first quarter of 2020. During the first quarter of 2021 revenues for Research increased by 8% year-over-year, while Conferences and Consulting revenues increased by 79% and 4%, respectively. For a more complete discussion of our results by segment, see Segment Results below.
For the first quarter of 2021 and 2020, we had net income of $164.1 million and $75.1 million, respectively, and diluted income per share of $1.84 and $0.83, respectively. Cash provided by operating activities was $157.3 million and $55.7 million during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. As of March 31, 2021, we had $446.0 million of cash and cash equivalents and approximately $1.0 billion of available borrowing capacity on our revolving credit facility. For a more complete discussion of our cash flows and financial position, see the Liquidity and Capital Resources section below.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES
For information regarding our critical accounting policies and estimates, please refer to Part II, Item 7, “Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates” contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020. There have been no material changes to the critical accounting policies previously disclosed in that report.
RECENTLY ISSUED ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
The FASB has issued accounting standards that have not yet become effective and that may impact the Company’s consolidated financial statements or its disclosures in future periods. Note 1 — Business and Basis of Presentation in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements provides information regarding those accounting standards.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Consolidated Results
In addition to GAAP results, we provide foreign currency neutral dollar amounts and percentages for our revenues, certain expenses, contract values and other metrics. These foreign currency neutral dollar amounts and percentages eliminate the effects of exchange rate fluctuations and thus provide a more accurate and meaningful trend in the underlying data being measured. We calculate foreign currency neutral dollar amounts by converting the underlying amounts in local currency for different periods into U.S. dollars by applying the same foreign exchange rates to all periods presented.
The table below presents an analysis of selected line items and period-over-period changes in our interim Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the periods indicated (in thousands).
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| Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 |  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 |  | Increase (Decrease) |  | Increase (Decrease) %
Total revenues | $ | 1,104,038 |  |  | $ | 1,018,891 |  |  | $ | 85,147 |  |  | 8 | %
Costs and expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of services and product development | 334,467 |  |  | 341,278 |  |  | (6,811) |  |  | (2) |
Selling, general and administrative | 487,255 |  |  | 496,639 |  |  | (9,384) |  |  | (2) |
Depreciation | 25,750 |  |  | 22,517 |  |  | 3,233 |  |  | 14 |
Amortization of intangibles | 30,514 |  |  | 32,179 |  |  | (1,665) |  |  | (5) |
Acquisition and integration charges | 640 |  |  | 1,560 |  |  | (920) |  |  | (59) |
Operating income | 225,412 |  |  | 124,718 |  |  | 100,694 |  |  | 81 |
Interest expense, net | (26,149) |  |  | (26,349) |  |  | (200) |  |  | (1) |
Other income (expense), net | 15,490 |  |  | (1,515) |  |  | 17,005 |  |  | nm
Less: Provision for income taxes | 50,653 |  |  | 21,757 |  |  | 28,896 |  |  | 133 |
Net income | $ | 164,100 |  |  | $ | 75,097 |  |  | $ | 89,003 |  |  | 119 | %
nm = not meaningful |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Total revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2021 were $1.1 billion, an increase of $85.1 million, or 8% compared to the same period in 2020 on a reported basis and 6% excluding the foreign currency impact. Refer to the section of this MD&A below entitled “Segment Results” for a discussion of revenues and results by segment.
Cost of services and product development was $334.5 million during the three months ended March 31, 2021, a decrease of $6.8 million compared to the same period in 2020, or 2% on a reported basis and 4% excluding the foreign currency impact. The decrease in Cost of services and product development was primarily due to lower travel and entertainment costs during the quarter as well as the continuation of various cost avoidance initiatives. Cost of services and product development as a percent of revenues was 30% and 33% during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expense was $487.3 million during the three months ended March 31, 2021, a decrease of $9.4 million compared to the same period in 2020, or 2% on a reported basis and 4% excluding the foreign currency impact. The decrease in SG&A expense was primarily due to reduced conferences related expenses, facilities costs and travel and entertainment costs as well as the continuation of various cost avoidance initiatives, partially offset by the restoration of some compensation and benefits programs for the three months ended March 31, 2021. The number of quota-bearing sales associates in Global Technology Sales decreased 6% to 2,992 and in Global Business Sales increased by 1% to 867 compared to March 31, 2020. On a combined basis, the total number of quota-bearing sales associates decreased by 5% when compared to March 31, 2020. SG&A expense as a percent of revenues was 44% and 49% during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Depreciation increased by 14% during the three months ended March 31, 2021, compared to the same period in 2020. The increase for the three months ended March 31, 2021 was due to additional investments, including new leasehold improvements as additional office space went into service, a nd capitalized software.
Amortization of intangibles decreased by 5% during the three months ended March 31, 2021, compared to the same period in 2020 due to certain intangible assets that became fully amortized in 2020.
Acquisition and integration charges decreased by $0.9 million during the three months ended March 31, 2021, compared to the same period in 2020.
Operating income was $225.4 million and $124.7 million during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The increase in operating income was due to increased revenue, in addition to reduced Costs of services and product development and SG&A expenses.
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Interest expense, net decreased by $0.2 million during the three months ended March 31, 2021, compared to the same period in 2020. The decrease was primarily due to a reduction in outstanding debt, partially offset by higher weighted average annual effective rates, as a result of interest expense on our de-designated swaps.
Other income (expense), net for the periods presented herein included the net impact of foreign currency gains and losses from our hedging activities. During 2021, Other (expense) income, net also included a $15.8 million gain on de-designated interest rate swaps.
The provision for income taxes for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 was an expense of $50.7 million and $21.8 million, respectively. The effective income tax rate was an expense of 23.6% and 22.5% for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The quarter-over-quarter increase in the effective income tax rate was primarily due to the shifts in estimated geographical mix of earnings as well as the relative impact of tax benefits from stock-based compensation.
Net income for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020 was $164.1 million and $75.1 million, respectively. Our diluted net income per share during the three months ended March 31, 2021 increased by $1.01 compared to the same period in 2020. The increase in net income during the three months ended March 31, 2021 was primarily the result of increased revenues, reduced operating expenses and the gain from de-designated interest rate swaps, partially offset by an increase in income tax expense.
SEGMENT RESULTS
We evaluate reportable segment performance and allocate resources based on gross contribution margin. Gross contribution is defined as operating income or loss excluding certain Cost of services and product development expenses, SG&A expenses, Depreciation, Amortization of intangibles, and Acquisition and integration charges. Gross contribution margin is defined as gross contribution as a percent of revenues.
Reportable Segments
The Company’s reportable segments are as follows:
•Research provides trusted, objective insights and advice on the mission-critical priorities of leaders across all functional areas of an enterprise through reports, briefings, proprietary tools, access to our research experts, peer networking services and membership programs that enable our clients to drive organizational performance.
•Conferences provides business professionals across an organization the opportunity to learn, share and network. From our Gartner Symposium/Xpo series, to industry-leading conferences focused on specific business roles and topics, to peer-driven sessions, our offerings enable attendees to experience the best of Gartner insight and advice.
•Consulting combines the power of Gartner market-leading research with custom analysis and on-the-ground support to help chief information officers and other senior executives driving technology-related strategic initiatives move confidently from insight to action.
The sections below present the results of the Company’s three reportable business segments.
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Research

| As Of And For The Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 |  | As Of And For The Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 |  | Increase (Decrease) |  | Percentage Increase (Decrease) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial Measurements: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenues (1) | $ | 979,732 |  |  | $ | 909,291 |  |  | $ | 70,441 |  |  | 8 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gross contribution (1) | $ | 724,372 |  |  | $ | 653,469 |  |  | $ | 70,903 |  |  | 11 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gross contribution margin | 74 | % |  | 72 | % |  | 2 points |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Business Measurements: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Global Technology Sales (2): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Contract value (1), (3) | $ | 2,991,000 |  |  | $ | 2,862,000 |  |  | $ | 129,000 |  |  | 5 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Client retention | 83 | % |  | 82 | % |  | 1 point |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Wallet retention | 98 | % |  | 104 | % |  | (6) points |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Global Business Sales (2): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Contract value (1), (3) | $ | 731,000 |  |  | $ | 655,000 |  |  | $ | 76,000 |  |  | 12 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Client retention | 84 | % |  | 83 | % |  | 1 point |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Wallet retention | 105 | % |  | 101 | % |  | 4 points |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

(1)Dollars in thousands.
(2)Global Technology Sales includes sales to users and providers of technology. Global Business Sales includes sales to all other functional leaders.
(3)Contract values are on a foreign exchange neutral basis. Contract values as of March 31, 2020 have been calculated using the same foreign currency rates as 2021.
Research revenues i ncreased by $70.4 million during the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to the same period in 2020, or 8% on a reported basis and 5% excluding the foreign currency impact. The segment gross contribution margin was 74% and 72% during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The increase in revenues during 2021 was primarily due to the same factors driving the trend in our Research contract value, which are discussed below. The improvement in margin of 2 points for the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to prior year was primarily due to the growth in revenue and a decline in travel and entertainment expenses due to COVID-19 travel restrictions.
Total contract value increased to $3.7 billion at March 31, 2021, or 6% compared to March 31, 2020 on a foreign currency neutral basis. Global Technology Sales (“GTS”) contract value increased by 5% at March 31, 2021 when compared to March 31, 2020. The increase in GTS contract value was primarily due to new business from new and existing clients. Global Business Sales (“GBS”) contract value increased by 12% year-over-year, also primarily driven by new business from new and existing clients.
GTS client retention was 83% and 82% as of March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, while wallet retention was 98% and 104%, respectively. The decrease in GTS wallet retention was primarily due to decreased spending by enterprises that were clients a year ago. GBS client retention was 84% and 83% as of March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, while wallet retention was 105% and 101%, respectively. The increase in GBS wallet retention was largely due to increased spending by existing clients. The number of GTS client enterprises increased by 3% when compared to prior year, while GBS client enterprises declined by 6% at March 31, 2021 when compared to March 31, 2020.
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Conferences

| As Of And For The Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 |  | As Of And For The Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 |  | Increase (Decrease) |  | Percentage Increase (Decrease) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial Measurements: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenues (1) | $ | 24,802 |  |  | $ | 13,870 |  |  | $ | 10,932 |  |  | 79 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gross contribution (1) | $ | 13,896 |  |  | $ | (6,060) |  |  | $ | 19,956 |  |  | nm |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gross contribution margin | 56 | % |  | (44) | % |  | nm |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Business Measurements: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Number of destination conferences (2) | 5 |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | — | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Number of destination conferences attendees (2) | 5,382 |  |  | 3,364 |  |  | 2,018 |  |  | 60 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

nm = not meaningful

(1)Dollars in thousands.
(2)Includes both virtual and in-person conferences. Single day, local meetings are excluded.
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we cancelled all in-person conferences from March 2020 through at least August 2021, and pivoted to producing virtual conferences with a focus on maximizing the value we deliver to our clients. We held five virtual conferences during the three months ended March 31, 2021, and plan on holding 18 virtual conferences through August 2021. Operationally, we are planning to resume in-person conferences starting in September 2021. We began holding virtual Evanta conferences during the second quarter of 2020. Conferences revenues increased by $10.9 million during the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to the same period in 2020, or 79% on a reported basis and 68% excluding the foreign currency impact. The increase in revenues was primarily due to the use of ticket entitlements which we extended from 2020 due to the pandemic. Gross contribution increased to $13.9 million during the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to a loss of $6.1 million in the same period last year.
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Consulting

| As Of And For The Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 |  | As Of And For The Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 |  | Increase (Decrease) |  | Percentage Increase (Decrease) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Financial Measurements: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenues (1) | $ | 99,504 |  |  | $ | 95,730 |  |  | $ | 3,774 |  |  | 4 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gross contribution (1) | $ | 39,098 |  |  | $ | 29,382 |  |  | $ | 9,716 |  |  | 33 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gross contribution margin | 39 | % |  | 31 | % |  | 8 points |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Business Measurements: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Backlog (1), (2) | $ | 116,500 |  |  | $ | 113,100 |  |  | $ | 3,400 |  |  | 3 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Billable headcount | 744 |  |  | 808 |  |  | (64) |  |  | (8) | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consultant utilization | 68 | % |  | 62 | % |  | 6 points |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Average annualized revenue per billable headcount (1) | $ | 387 |  |  | $ | 367 |  |  | $ | 20 |  |  | 5 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

(1)Dollars in thousands.
(2)Backlog is on a foreign exchange neutral basis. Backlog as of March 31, 2020 has been calculated using the same foreign currency rates as 2021.
Consulting revenues increased 4% during the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to the same period in 2020 on a reported basis and were flat excluding the foreign currency impact, with a revenue increase in labor-based consulting of 4%, and an increase in contract optimization of 6%, each on a reported basis. Contract optimization revenue may vary significantly and, as such, revenues for the first quarter of 2021 may not be indicative of results for the remainder of 2021 or beyond. The segment gross contribution margin was 39% and 31% for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The increase in gross contribution margin during the first quarter of 2021 was primarily due to the increase in revenue, as well as benefits derived from certain cost-reduction initiatives implemented in 2020, including a decline in travel and entertainment expenses due to COVID-19 travel restrictions. Consultant utilization increased by 6 points during the three months ended March 31, 2021 compared to the same period in 2020 due to a reduction in billable headcount.
Backlog increased by $3.4 million, or 3%, from March 31, 2020 to March 31, 2021 on a foreign currency neutral basis. The $116.5 million of backlog at March 31, 2021 represented approximately four months of backlog, which is in line with the Company’s operational target.
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LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
We finance our operations through cash generated from our operating activities and borrowings. Note 7 — Debt in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements provides additional information regarding the Company’s outstanding debt obligations. At March 31, 2021, we had $446.0 million of cash and cash equivalents and approximately $1.0 billion of available borrowing capacity on the revolving credit facility under our 2020 Credit Agreement. We believe that the Company has adequate liquidity to meet its currently anticipated needs for at least the next twelve months.
We have historically generated significant cash flows from our operating activities. Our operating cash flow has been continuously maintained by the leverage characteristics of our subscription-based business model in our Research segment, which is our largest business segment and historically has constituted a significant portion of our total revenues. The majority of our Research customer contracts are paid in advance and, combined with a strong customer retention rate and high incremental margins, has resulted in continuously strong operating cash flow. Cash flow generation has also benefited from our ongoing efforts to improve the operating efficiencies of our businesses as well as a focus on the optimal management of our working capital as we increase sales.
Our cash and cash equivalents are held in numerous locations throughout the world with 73% held overseas at March 31, 2021. We intend to reinvest substantially all of our accumulated undistributed foreign earnings, except in instances where repatriation would result in minimal additional tax. As a result of the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017, we believe that the income tax impact if such earnings were repatriated would be minimal.
The table below summarizes the changes in the Company’s cash balances for the periods indicated (in thousands).

| Three Months Ended March 31, 2021 |  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2020 |  | Increase (Decrease)
Cash provided by operating activities | $ | 157,298 |  |  | $ | 55,749 |  |  | $ | 101,549 |
Cash used in investing activities | (12,521) |  |  | (24,536) |  |  | 12,015 |
Cash used in financing activities | (403,220) |  |  | (68,490) |  |  | (334,730) |
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents | (258,443) |  |  | (37,277) |  |  | (221,166) |
Effects of exchange rates | (8,145) |  |  | (15,709) |  |  | 7,564 |
Beginning cash and cash equivalents | 712,583 |  |  | 280,836 |  |  | 431,747 |
Ending cash and cash equivalents | $ | 445,995 |  |  | $ | 227,850 |  |  | $ | 218,145 |

Operating
Cash provided by operating activities was $157.3 million and $55.7 million during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The year-over-year increase was primarily due to higher pre-tax income in the 2021 period and an increase in deferred revenues resulting from increased bookings in Research, partially offset by higher bonus payments made in 2021 related to 2020.
Investing
Cash used in investing activities was $12.5 million and $24.5 million during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The cash used in both periods was for capital expenditures. The decrease from 2020 to 2021 was the result of reduced capital spending in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Financing
Cash used in financing activities was $403.2 million and $68.5 million during the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively. During the 2021 period, we repaid a net $5.0 million on our revolving credit facility under the 2020 Credit Agreement, paid a net $5.1 million in debt principal repayments and used $398.5 million of cash for share repurchases. During the 2020 period, the Company borrowed a net $27.0 million on our then existing revolving credit facility, paid a net $28.0 million in debt principal repayments and paid $73.2 million for share repurchases.
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Debt
As of March 31, 2021, the Company had $2.0 billion of principal amount of debt outstanding, of which $15.4 million is to be repaid in the remainder of fiscal year 2021. Note 7 — Debt in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements provides additional information regarding the Company’s outstanding debt obligations. From time to time, the Company may seek to retire or repurchase its outstanding debt through various methods including open market repurchases, negotiated block transactions, or otherwise, all or some of which may be effected through Rule 10b5-1 plans. Such transactions, if any, depend on prevailing market conditions, our liquidity and capital requirements, contractual restrictions, and other factors, and may involve material amounts.
OFF BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
From January 1, 2021 through March 31, 2021, the Company has not entered into any material off-balance sheet arrangements or transactions with unconsolidated entities or other persons.
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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
INTEREST RATE RISK
As of March 31, 2021, the Company had $2.0 billion in total debt principal outstanding. Note 7 — Debt in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements provides additional information regarding the Company’s outstanding debt obligations.
Approximately $0.4 billion of the Company’s total debt outstanding as of March 31, 2021 was based on a floating base rate of interest, which potentially exposes the Company to increases in interest rates. However, we reduce our overall exposure to interest rate increases through our interest rate swap contracts, which effectively convert the floating base interest rates on all of our variable rate borrowings to fixed rates.
FOREIGN CURRENCY RISK
A significant portion o f our revenues are typically derived from sales outside of the United States. Among the major foreign currencies in which we conduct business are the Euro, the British Pound, the Japanese Yen, the Australian dollar and the Canadian dollar. The reporting currency of our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements is the U.S. dollar. As the values of the foreign currencies in which we operate fluctuate over time relative to the U.S. dollar, the Company is exposed to both foreign currency translation and transaction risk.
Translation risk arises as our foreign currency assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars because the functional currencies of our foreign operations are generally denominated in the local currency. Adjustments resulting from the translation of these assets and liabilities are deferred and recorded as a component of stockholders’ equity. A measure of the potential impact of foreign currency translation can be determined through a sensitivity analysis of our cash and cash equivalents. At March 31, 2021, we had $446.0 million of cash and cash equivalents, with a substantial portion denominated in foreign currencies. If the exchange rates of the foreign currencies we hold all changed in comparison to the U.S. dollar by 10%, the amount of cash and cash equivalents we would have reported on March 31, 2021 could have increased or decreased by approximately $38.7 million. The translation of our foreign currency revenues and expenses historically has not had a material impact on our consolidated earnings because movements in and among the major currencies in which we operate tend to impact our revenues and expenses fairly equally. However, our earnings could be impacted during periods of significant exchange rate volatility, or when some or all of the major currencies in which we operate move in the same direction against the U.S. dollar.
Transaction risk arises when we enter into a transaction that is denominated in a currency that may differ from the local functional currency. As these transactions are translated into the local functional currency, a gain or loss may result, which is recorded in current period earnings. We typically enter into foreign currency forward exchange contracts to mitigate the effects of some of this foreign currency transaction risk. Our outstanding foreign currency forward exchange contracts as of March 31, 2021 had an immaterial net unrealized loss.
CREDIT RISK
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentration of credit risk consist primarily of short-term, highly liquid investments classified as cash equivalents, fees receivable, interest rate swap contracts and foreign currency forward exchange contracts. The majority of the Company’s cash and cash equivalents, interest rate swap contracts and foreign currency forward exchange contracts are with large investment grade commercial banks. Fees receivable balances deemed to be collectible from customers have limited concentration of credit risk due to our diverse customer base and geographic dispersion.
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ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
We have established disclosure controls and procedures that are designed to ensure that the information we are required to disclose in our reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), is recorded, processed, summarized and reported in a timely manner. Specifically, these controls and procedures ensure that the information is accumulated and communicated to our executive management team, including our chief executive officer and our chief financial officer, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
Management conducted an evaluation, as of March 31, 2021, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures, under the supervision and with the participation of our chief executive officer and chief financial officer. Based upon that evaluation, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective in alerting them in a timely manner to material Company information required to be disclosed by us in reports filed under the Exchange Act.
There have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the period covered by this report that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
We are involved in legal and administrative proceedings and litigation arising in the ordinary course of business. We believe that the potential liability, if any, in excess of amounts already accrued from all proceedings, claims and litigation will not have a material effect on our financial position, cash flows or results of operations when resolved in a future period.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
There were no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
There were no unregistered sales of equity securities during the period covered by this report.
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
In May 2015, the Company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”) authorized a share repurchase program to repurchase up to $1.2 billion of the Company’s common stoc k. The Board authorized incremental share repurchases of up to an additional $300 million under the program in February 2021, and an additional $500 million in April 2021. The Company may repurchase its common stock from time-to-time in amounts, at prices and in the manner that the Company deems appropriate, subject to the availability of stock, prevailing market conditions, the trading price of the stock, the Company’s financial performance and other conditions. Repurchases may be made through open market purchases (which may include repurchase plans designed to comply with Rule 10b5-1 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended), accelerated share repurchases, private transactions or other transactions and will be funded by cash on hand and borrowings. Repurchases may also be made from time-to-time in connection with the settlement of the Company’s stock-based compensation awards. The table below summarizes the repurchases of our common stock during the three months ended March 31, 2021 pursuant to our $1.5 billion share repurchase authorization and the settlement of stock-based compensation awards.

Period |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased (#) |  | Average Price Paid Per Share ($) |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased Under Announced Programs (#) |  | Maximum Approximate Dollar Value of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (in thousands)
January 1, 2021 to January 31, 2021 |  | 75,258 |  |  | $ | 157.40 |  |  | 75,066 |  |  | $ | 567,794 |
February 1, 2021 to February 28, 2021 |  | 940,929 |  |  | 177.95 |  |  | 766,909 |  |  | 729,341 |
March 1, 2021 to March 31, 2021 |  | 1,258,523 |  |  | 183.68 |  |  | 1,252,204 |  |  | $ | 499,344 |
Total for the quarter (1) |  | 2,274,710 |  |  | $ | 180.44 |  |  | 2,094,179 |  |  |

(1)The repurchased shares during the three months ended March 31, 2021 included purchases for both the settlement of stocked-based compensation awards and open market purchases.
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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

EXHIBIT NUMBER |  | DESCRIPTION OF DOCUMENT
31.1* |  | Certification of chief executive officer under Rule 13a — 14(a)/15d — 14(a).
31.2* |  | Certification of chief financial officer under Rule 13a — 14(a)/15d — 14(a).
32* |  | Certification under 18 U.S.C. 1350.
101.INS* |  | Inline XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH* |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL* |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF* |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB* |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE* |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
104* |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File, formatted in Inline XBRL (included as Exhibit 101).

* Filed with this report.
Items 3 and 4 of Part II are not applicable and have been omitted.
SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  | Gartner, Inc.
Date: | May 4, 2021 | /s/ Craig W. Safian
|  | Craig W. Safian
|  | Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
|  | (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

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