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Goodwill and Intangible Assets | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2022
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract] |
Goodwill and Intangible Assets | Goodwill and Intangible Assets Goodwill. The table below presents changes to the carrying amount of goodwill by segment during the two-year period ended December 31, 2022 (in thousands).
| Research |  | Conferences |  | Consulting |  | Total
Balance at December 31, 2020 (1) | $ | 2,664,732 |  |  | $ | 184,091 |  |  | $ | 96,724 |  |  | $ | 2,945,547 |
Additions due to an acquisition (2) | 11,486 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11,486 |
Foreign currency translation impact | (5,284) |  |  | (70) |  |  | (362) |  |  | (5,716) |
Balance at December 31, 2021 (1) | 2,670,934 |  |  | 184,021 |  |  | 96,362 |  |  | 2,951,317 |
Additions due to an acquisition (2) | 4,617 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,617 |
Reclassified as held-for-sale (3) | (16,000) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (16,000) |
Foreign currency translation impact | (8,358) |  |  | (70) |  |  | (1,295) |  |  | (9,723) |
Balance at December 31, 2022 (1) | $ | 2,651,193 |  |  | $ | 183,951 |  |  | $ | 95,067 |  |  | $ | 2,930,211 |
(1)The Company does not have any accumulated goodwill impairment losses. (2)The additions were due to the acquisition of Pulse in June 2021 and UpCity in October 2022 See Note 2 — Acquisitions and Divestiture for additional information. (3)Represents amounts reclassified to Assets Held for Sale due to the pending divestiture of the Company’s TalentNeuron business. See Note 2 — Acquisitions and Divestiture for additional information. The amount of goodwill allocated to the pending divestiture was determined using a relative fair value approach. Finite-lived intangible assets. Changes in finite-lived intangible assets during the two-year period ended December 31, 2022 are presented in the tables below (in thousands).
December 31, 2022 |  | Customer Relationships |  | Technology-related |  |  |  | Other |  | Total
Gross cost at December 31, 2021 |  | 1,096,358 |  |  | 61,216 |  |  |  |  | 10,436 |  |  | $ | 1,168,010 |
Reclassified as held-for-sale (2) |  | — |  |  | (49,487) |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | (49,487) |
Foreign currency translation impact |  | (35,817) |  |  | (529) |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | (36,346) |
Gross cost |  | 1,060,541 |  |  | 11,200 |  |  |  |  | 10,436 |  |  | 1,082,177 |
Accumulated amortization (3) |  | (486,260) |  |  | (5,600) |  |  |  |  | (5,603) |  |  | (497,463) |
Balance at December 31, 2022 |  | $ | 574,281 |  |  | $ | 5,600 |  |  |  |  | $ | 4,833 |  |  | $ | 584,714 |
December 31, 2021 |  | Customer Relationships |  | Technology-related |  | Content |  | Other |  | Total
Gross cost at December 31, 2020 |  | $ | 1,154,210 |  |  | $ | 110,597 |  |  | $ | 3,965 |  |  | $ | 10,614 |  |  | $ | 1,279,386 |
Additions due to an acquisition (1) |  | 7,980 |  |  | 11,200 |  |  | — |  |  | 320 |  |  | 19,500 |
Intangible assets fully amortized |  | (61,422) |  |  | (60,685) |  |  | (3,965) |  |  | (498) |  |  | (126,570) |
Foreign currency translation impact |  | (4,410) |  |  | 104 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4,306) |
Gross cost |  | 1,096,358 |  |  | 61,216 |  |  | — |  |  | 10,436 |  |  | 1,168,010 |
Accumulated amortization (3) |  | (413,266) |  |  | (35,727) |  |  | — |  |  | (4,599) |  |  | (453,592) |
Balance at December 31, 2021 |  | $ | 683,092 |  |  | $ | 25,489 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,837 |  |  | $ | 714,418 |
(1)The additions were due to the acquisition of Pulse in June 2021. See Note 2 — Acquisitions and Divestiture for additional information. (2)Represents amounts reclassified to Assets Held for Sale due to the pending divestiture of the Company’s TalentNeuron business. See Note 2 — Acquisitions and Divestiture for additional information. (3)Finite-lived intangible assets are amortized using the straight-line method over the following periods: Customer relationships—6 to 13 years; Technology-related—3 to 7 years; and Other —4 to 11 years. Amortization expense related to finite-lived intangible assets was $98.5 million, $109.6 million and $125.1 million in 2022, 2021 and 2020, respectively. The estimated future amortization expense by year for finite-lived intangible assets is presented in the table below (in thousands).
2023 | $ | 90,771 |
2024 | 88,858 |
2025 | 80,191 |
2026 | 77,516 |
2027 | 76,908 |
2028 and thereafter | 170,470 |
| $ | 584,714 |

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