Goodwill and Intangible Assets

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2016

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

Goodwill

Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of an acquired business over the fair value of the identifiable tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed in a business combination. At December 31, 2016 and 2015, we had $682.7 million and $488.8 million, respectively, of goodwill recorded in our Packaging segment and $55.2 million for both years in our Paper segment on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

Changes in the carrying amount of our goodwill were as follows (dollars in millions):



	Packaging			Paper		Goodwill
Balance at January 1, 2015	$	491.6		$	55.2	$	546.8
Sale of Hexacomb Europe and Mexico (a)	(2.8		)	—		(2.8		)
Balance at December 31, 2015	488.8			55.2		544.0
Acquisitions (b)	193.9			—		193.9
Balance at December 31, 2016	$	682.7		$	55.2	$	737.9

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(a)	During 2015, we sold the assets of Hexacomb Europe and Mexico, a corrugated products manufacturer, for $23.0 million and reduced goodwill in our Packaging segment by $2.8 million.


(b)	In connection with the August 2016 acquisition of TimBar Corporation (TimBar), the Company recoded $157.3 million of goodwill in the Packaging segment. In November 2016, we acquired Columbus Container and recorded $36.6 million of goodwill in the Packaging segment. See Note 3, Acquisitions and Dispositions, for more information.

Intangible Assets

Intangible assets are comprised of customer relationships and trademarks and trade names.

The weighted average useful life, gross carrying amount, and accumulated amortization of our intangible assets were as follows (dollars in millions):



	As of December 31, 2016					As of December 31, 2015
	Weighted Average Remaining Useful Life (in Years)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Weighted Average Remaining Useful Life (in Years)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization
Customer relationships (c)	13.1	$	424.5	$	79.8	13.3	$	311.5	$	57.3
Trademarks and trade names (c)	10.5	27.7		8.1		12.5	21.8		5.2
Other (c)	4.3	4.2		1.4		1.2	0.2		0.2
Total intangible assets (excluding goodwill)	12.9	$	456.4	$	89.3	13.3	$	333.5	$	62.7

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(c)

In connection with the August 2016 acquisition of TimBar, the Company recorded intangible assets of $88.0 million for customer relationships, $4.9 million for trade names, and $1.5 million for other intangibles. In November 2016, we acquired Columbus Container, Inc. and recorded intangible assets of $25.0 million for customer relationships, $1.0 million for trade names, and $0.3 million for other intangibles. See Note 3, Acquisitions and Dispositions, for more information.

Amortization expense was $26.6 million, $22.7 million, and $22.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015, and 2014, respectively. Estimated amortization expense of intangible assets over the next five years is expected to approximate $33.3 million (2017), $32.2 million (2018), $29.5 million (2019), $29.5 million (2020), and $28.7 million (2021).

Impairment Testing

We test goodwill for impairment annually in the fourth quarter or sooner if events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the asset may exceed fair value. Additionally, when we experience changes to our business or operating environment, we evaluate the remaining useful lives and recoverability of our finite-lived purchased intangible assets to determine whether any adjustments to the useful lives or impairment are necessary. We completed our test in the fourth quarter and there was no indication of goodwill or intangible asset impairment.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the aggregate amount of goodwill and a description of intangible assets, which may include (a) for amortizable intangible assets (also referred to as finite-lived intangible assets), the carrying amount, the amount of any significant residual value, and the weighted-average amortization period, (b) for intangible assets not subject to amortization (also referred to as indefinite-lived intangible assets), the carrying amount, and (c) the amount of research and development assets acquired and written off in the period, including the line item in the income statement in which the amounts written off are aggregated, if not readily apparent from the income statement. Also discloses (a) for amortizable intangibles assets in total and by major class, the gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization, the total amortization expense for the period, and the estimated aggregate amortization expense for each of the five succeeding fiscal years, (b) for intangible assets not subject to amortization the carrying amount in total and by major class, and (c) for goodwill, in total and for each reportable segment, the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill during the period (including the aggregate amount of goodwill acquired, the aggregate amount of impairment losses recognized, and the amount of goodwill included in the gain (loss) on disposal of a reporting unit). If any part of goodwill has not been allocated to a reportable segment, discloses the unallocated amount and the reasons for not allocating. For each impairment loss recognized related to an intangible asset (excluding goodwill), discloses: (a) a description of the impaired intangible asset and the facts and circumstances leading to the impairment, (b) the amount of the impairment loss and the method for determining fair value, (c) the caption in the income statement or the statement of activities in which the impairment loss is aggregated, and (d) the segment in which the impaired intangible asset is reported. For each goodwill impairment loss recognized, discloses: (a) a description of the facts and circumstances leading to the impairment, (b) the amount of the impairment loss and the method of determining the fair value of the associated reporting unit, and (c) if a recognized impairment loss is an estimate not finalized and the reasons why the estimate is not final. May also disclose the nature and amount of any significant adjustments made to a previous estimate of an impairment loss.

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