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Income Taxes
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes

6. Income Taxes

For the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, we recorded $61.3 million and $84.9 million of income tax expense and had an effective tax rate of 25.1% and 24.4%, respectively. The increase in our effective tax rate for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the same period in 2022 was primarily due to lower excess tax benefits associated with employee restricted stock and performance unit vests as well as lower favorable state tax law changes.

For the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, we recorded $189.6 million and $270.1 million of income tax expense and had an effective tax rate of 24.8% for both periods.

Our current effective tax rate is higher than the federal statutory income tax rate of 21.0% due primarily to the effect of state and local income taxes. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, cash paid for taxes, net of refunds received, was $153.2 million and $221.6 million, respectively. The decrease in cash tax payments between the periods is primarily due to lower 2023 forecasted taxable income.

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023, there were no significant changes to our uncertain tax positions. For more information, see Note 8, Income Taxes, of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in “Part II, Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data” of our 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.