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Risk management - Additional Information (Details) $ in Millions, $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended |  |  |  |
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Dec. 31, 2023 COP ($) $ / $ | Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) | Dec. 31, 2022 COP ($) $ / $ | Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) | Dec. 31, 2021 COP ($) | Dec. 31, 2023 USD ($) $ / $ | Dec. 31, 2022 USD ($) $ / $ | Dec. 31, 2021 USD ($) | Dec. 31, 2020 COP ($)
Risk management |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Closing balance exchange rate | $ / $ | 3,822.05 |  | 4,810.20 |  |  | 3,822.05 | 4,810.20 |  |
Net position of assets and liabilities different functional currency |  | $ 880 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Debt principal payments | $ 21,659,669 |  | $ 16,409,494 |  | $ 11,267,540 |  |  |  |
Open position forward non-delivery operations | $ 25,454 |  | $ 6,625 |  | $ 24,496 |  |  |  |
variation in the exchange rate | 5.00% | 5.00% |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Scenario / variation in the exchange rate | 1.00% | 1.00% |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Floating interest rate |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Risk management |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Borrowings, interest rate | 31.02% |  | 26.40% |  | 25.70% | 31.02% | 26.40% | 25.70% |
Colombian Peso |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Risk management |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net liabilities of companies in the group with a different functional currency |  |  |  |  |  | $ 16,553 |  |  |
Exchange difference valuation of remaining net liabilities |  |  |  |  |  | 18 |  |  |
US Dollar |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Risk management |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Exchange difference valuation of remaining net liabilities |  |  |  |  |  | 16,535 |  |  |
variation in the exchange rate | 5.00% | 5.00% |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Hedge of a net investment in a foreign operation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Risk management |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amount in which the company expanded the hedge of a net investment in a foreign operation |  |  |  |  |  | 10,270 | $ 8,940 |  |
Hedging instrument at the end of the period | $ 3,140,684 |  | $ 9,354,071 |  | $ 4,366,336 | 10,270 |  |  | $ 1,494,926
Hedge of a net investment in a foreign operation | Ecopetrol Business Group |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Risk management |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Hedging instrument at the end of the period |  |  |  |  |  | 9,942 |  |  |
Hedge of a net investment in a foreign operation | Isa Colombia [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Risk management |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Hedging instrument at the end of the period |  |  |  |  |  | 328 |  |  |
Cash flow hedging |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Risk management |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amount in which the company expanded the hedge of a net investment in a foreign operation |  |  |  |  |  | 6,265 | 5,572 |  |
Hedging instrument at the end of the period |  |  |  |  |  | $ 6,265 | $ 5,572 | $ 4,972 |
Designation of new coverage |  | $ 693 |  | $ 600 |  |  |  |  |
Credit risk in Peso portfolio |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Risk management |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Maximum percentage of cash investment held in portfolio | 10.00% | 10.00% |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Us Dollor Portfolio [Member] |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Risk management |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
variation in the exchange rate | 5.00% | 5.00% |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Scenario / variation in the exchange rate | 1.00% | 1.00% |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Currency risk |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Risk management |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Increase decrease in foreign exchange rate | 20.54% | 20.54% |  |  |  |  |  |  |

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