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Cost of sales

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Cost of sales

Cost of sales

26.Cost of sales


		2024		2023		2022
Variable costs
Imported products (1)		20,528,459		24,204,342		31,230,405
Purchases of crude		12,434,565		13,389,646		16,223,628
Purchases of hydrocarbons – ANH (2)		8,232,227		8,518,700		9,219,215
Depreciation amortization and depletion		9,779,970		8,125,774		6,774,770
Electric energy		2,359,490		2,294,253		1,540,452
Gas royalties in cash		995,254		1,293,138		1,149,664
Taxes and economic rights		67,915		419,145		360,601
Process materials		1,558,739		1,563,802		1,260,608
Purchases of other products and natural gas		1,478,560		1,201,349		1,244,765
Hydrocarbon transport services		1,728,912		1,586,553		1,219,818
Services contracted in associations		337,924		284,104		311,107
Others (3)		822,515		1,151,536		(2,354,814)
		60,324,530		64,032,342		68,180,219
Fixed costs
Depreciation and amortization		4,865,856		5,079,308		4,635,601
Maintenance		5,301,672		4,642,710		3,771,137
Labor costs		4,298,874		3,976,370		3,436,167
Construction services		3,585,331		2,600,184		2,802,486
Services contracted		3,763,659		3,523,125		2,870,890
Services contracted in associations		1,376,402		1,467,693		1,566,562
Taxes and contributions		1,170,897		1,123,475		914,455
Materials and operating supplies		851,342		880,729		684,679
Hydrocarbon transport services		335,027		249,414		179,082
General costs		607,564		602,848		416,870
		26,156,624		24,145,856		21,277,929
		86,481,154		88,178,198		89,458,148

(1)	Imported products correspond mainly to mid-distillates, gasolines and thinner, the variation occurs due to lower requirements due to greater operations in Barrancabermeja Refinery.

(2)	Corresponds to purchases of crude oil by Ecopetrol Business Group from the National Hydrocarbons Agency derived from national production.

(3)	Corresponds to i) result of the process of use and valuation of core inventories, ii) measurement at net realizable value, and iii) other capitalizable charges to projects.