| Schedule of Income Tax Expense (Benefit) associated with Unusual or Infrequent Items |
The Company’s effective tax rate was also impacted by the tax expense (benefit) associated with unusual or infrequent items for the respective interim period as illustrated in the following table: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Three Months Ended September 30, | | Nine Months Ended September 30, | | 2014 | | 2013 | | 2014 | | 2013 | | | | | | | | | | (in millions) | Tax credits (1) | $ | — |
| | $ | — |
| | $ | (2 | ) | | $ | (22 | ) | Withholding taxes (2) | — |
| | (1 | ) | | (1 | ) | | 3 |
| Other change in tax reserves (3) | — |
| | (6 | ) | | (6 | ) | | (5 | ) | Change in tax law (4) | — |
| | 12 |
| | — |
| | 12 |
| Other adjustments (5) | (7 | ) | | 8 |
| | (11 | ) | | 6 |
| Income tax (benefit) expense associated with unusual or infrequent items | $ | (7 | ) | | $ | 13 |
| | $ | (20 | ) | | $ | (6 | ) |
| | (1) | For the nine months ended September 30, 2013, the tax benefit primarily relates to the retroactive reinstatement of the U.S research and development tax credit under The American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012. |
| | (2) | For the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and September 30, 2013, the tax benefits and expense, respectively, primarily relate to the adjustment of the withholding tax liability on the undistributed earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries that are not indefinitely reinvested. |
| | (3) | For the nine months ended September 30, 2014 and the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, the tax benefits primarily relate to adjustments in tax reserves which were individually insignificant. |
| | (4) | For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, the tax expense relates to the enactment of the United Kingdom Finance Act 2013 on July 23, 2013, which provided for a reduction to the corporate income tax rate from 23% to 21% effective April 1, 2014, with a further reduction to 20% effective April 1, 2015. The impact of this legislation was recorded as a discrete item during the third quarter of 2013, and resulted in increased tax expense of approximately $12 million due to the resultant impact on the net deferred tax asset balances. |
| | (5) | For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2014 and September 30, 2013, the tax benefits and expense, respectively, primarily relate to provision to return adjustments and other items which were individually insignificant. |
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