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Significant Accounting Policies | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2018
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Significant Accounting Policies | SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Consolidation—The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Aptiv and U.S. and non-U.S. subsidiaries in which Aptiv holds a controlling financial or management interest and variable interest entities of which Aptiv has determined that it is the primary beneficiary. Aptiv’s share of the earnings or losses of non-controlled affiliates over which Aptiv exercises significant influence (generally a 20% to 50% ownership interest) is included in the consolidated operating results using the equity method of accounting. When Aptiv does not have the ability to exercise significant influence (generally when ownership interest is less than 20%), investments in non-consolidated affiliates are accounted for in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-01, Financial Instruments – Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, and are measured at cost, less impairments, adjusted for observable price changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar investments of the same issuer. All significant intercompany transactions and balances between consolidated Aptiv businesses have been eliminated. The Company monitors its investments in affiliates for indicators of other-than-temporary declines in value on an ongoing basis. If the Company determines that such a decline has occurred, an impairment loss is recorded, which is measured as the difference between carrying value and estimated fair value. Estimated fair value is generally determined using an income approach based on discounted cash flows or negotiated transaction values. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, Aptiv received dividends of $8 million and $7 million, respectively, from its equity method investments. The dividends were recognized as a reduction to the investment and represented a return on investment included in cash flows from operating activities from continuing operations. Investments in non-consolidated affiliates totaled $56 million and $56 million as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, and are classified within other long-term assets in the consolidated balance sheet. Use of estimates—Preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires the use of estimates and assumptions that affect amounts reported therein. Generally, matters subject to estimation and judgment include amounts related to accounts receivable realization, inventory obsolescence, asset impairments, useful lives of intangible and fixed assets, deferred tax asset valuation allowances, income taxes, pension benefit plan assumptions, accruals related to litigation, warranty costs, environmental remediation costs, contingent consideration arrangements, worker’s compensation accruals and healthcare accruals. Due to the inherent uncertainty involved in making estimates, actual results reported in future periods may be based upon amounts that differ from those estimates. Revenue recognition—Beginning in the first quarter of 2018, Aptiv recognizes revenue in accordance with ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Refer to Note 22. Revenue for additional information regarding the Company’s revenue recognition policies. Net income per share—Basic net income per share is computed by dividing net income attributable to Aptiv by the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period. Diluted net income per share reflects the weighted average dilutive impact of all potentially dilutive securities from the date of issuance and is computed using the treasury stock method by dividing net income attributable to Aptiv by the diluted weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the period. Unless otherwise noted, share and per share amounts included in these notes are on a diluted basis. Refer to Note 12. Shareholders’ Equity and Net Income Per Share for additional information including the calculation of basic and diluted net income per share. Cash and cash equivalents—Cash and cash equivalents are defined as short-term, highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less. Accounts receivable—Aptiv enters into agreements to sell certain of its accounts receivable, primarily in Europe. Sales of receivables are accounted for in accordance with FASB Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 860, Transfers and Servicing (“ASC 860”). Agreements which result in true sales of the transferred receivables, as defined in ASC 860, which occur when receivables are transferred without recourse to the Company, are excluded from amounts reported in the consolidated balance sheets. Cash proceeds received from such sales are included in operating cash flows. Agreements that allow Aptiv to maintain effective control over the transferred receivables and which do not qualify as a sale, as defined in ASC 860, are accounted for as secured borrowings and recorded in the consolidated balance sheets within accounts receivable, net and short-term debt. The expenses associated with receivables factoring are recorded in the consolidated statements of operations within interest expense. Intangible assets—Intangible assets were $1,216 million and $1,219 million as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. Aptiv amortizes definite-lived intangible assets over their estimated useful lives. Aptiv has definite-lived intangible assets related to patents and developed technology, customer relationships and trade names. Indefinite-lived in-process research and development intangible assets are not amortized, but are tested for impairment annually, or more frequently when indicators of potential impairment exist, until the completion or abandonment of the associated research and development efforts. Upon completion of the projects, the assets will be amortized over the expected economic life of the asset, which will be determined on that date. Should the project be determined to be abandoned, and if the asset developed has no alternative use, the full value of the asset will be charged to expense. The Company also has intangible assets related to acquired trade names that are classified as indefinite-lived when there are no foreseeable limits on the periods of time over which they are expected to contribute cash flows. These indefinite-lived trade name assets are tested for impairment annually, or more frequently when indicators of potential impairment exist. Costs to renew or extend the term of acquired intangible assets are recognized as expense as incurred. Amortization expense was $31 million and $91 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and $29 million and $87 million and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively. Goodwill—Goodwill is the excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of identifiable net assets acquired in business combinations. The Company tests goodwill for impairment annually in the fourth quarter, or more frequently when indications of potential impairment exist. The Company monitors the existence of potential impairment indicators throughout the fiscal year. The Company tests for goodwill impairment at the reporting unit level. Our reporting units are the components of operating segments which constitute businesses for which discrete financial information is available and is regularly reviewed by segment management. The impairment test involves first qualitatively assessing goodwill for impairment. If the qualitative assessment is not met the Company then performs a quantitative assessment by first comparing the estimated fair value of each reporting unit to its carrying value, including goodwill. Fair value reflects the price a market participant would be willing to pay in a potential sale of the reporting unit. If the estimated fair value exceeds carrying value, then we conclude that no goodwill impairment has occurred. If the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value, a second step is required to measure possible goodwill impairment loss. The second step includes hypothetically valuing the tangible and intangible assets and liabilities of the reporting unit as if the reporting unit had been acquired in a business combination. Then, the implied fair value of the reporting unit’s goodwill is compared to the carrying value of that goodwill. If the carrying value of the reporting unit’s goodwill exceeds the implied fair value of the goodwill, the Company recognizes an impairment loss in an amount equal to the excess, not to exceed the carrying value. There were no indicators of potential goodwill impairment during the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Goodwill was $2,162 million and $1,944 million as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively. Warranty and product recalls—Expected warranty costs for products sold are recognized at the time of sale of the product based on an estimate of the amount that eventually will be required to settle such obligations. These accruals are based on factors such as past experience, production changes, industry developments and various other considerations. Costs of product recalls, which may include the cost of the product being replaced as well as the customer’s cost of the recall, including labor to remove and replace the recalled part, are accrued as part of our warranty accrual at the time an obligation becomes probable and can be reasonably estimated. These estimates are adjusted from time to time based on facts and circumstances that impact the status of existing claims. Refer to Note 6. Warranty Obligations for additional information. Discontinued operations—The Company reports financial results for discontinued operations separately from continuing operations to distinguish the financial impact of disposal transactions from ongoing operations. Discontinued operations reporting occurs only when the disposal of a component or a group of components of the Company represents a strategic shift that will have a major effect on the Company’s operations and financial results. During the year ended December 31, 2017, the Company completed the Separation of its former Powertrain Systems segment by means of a spin-off into Delphi Technologies. Accordingly, the assets and liabilities, operating results and operating and investing cash flows for the previously reported Powertrain Systems segment are presented as discontinued operations separate from the Company’s continuing operations and segment results for all periods presented in these consolidated financial statements and the notes to the consolidated financial statements, unless otherwise noted. Refer to Note 21. Discontinued Operations for further information regarding the Company’s discontinued operations. Income taxes—Deferred tax assets and liabilities reflect temporary differences between the amount of assets and liabilities for financial and tax reporting purposes. Such amounts are adjusted, as appropriate, to reflect changes in tax rates expected to be in effect when the temporary differences reverse. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in earnings in the period that includes the enactment date. A valuation allowance is recorded to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that is more likely than not to be realized. In the event the Company determines it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be realized in the future, the valuation allowance adjustment to the deferred tax assets will be charged to earnings in the period in which the Company makes such a determination. In determining the provision for income taxes for financial statement purposes, the Company makes certain estimates and judgments which affect its evaluation of the carrying value of its deferred tax assets, as well as its calculation of certain tax liabilities. Refer to Note 11. Income Taxes for additional information. Restructuring—Aptiv continually evaluates alternatives to align the business with the changing needs of its customers and to lower operating costs. This includes the realignment of its existing manufacturing capacity, facility closures, or similar actions, either in the normal course of business or pursuant to significant restructuring programs. These actions may result in employees receiving voluntary or involuntary employee termination benefits, which are mainly pursuant to union or other contractual agreements. Voluntary termination benefits are accrued when an employee accepts the related offer. Involuntary termination benefits are accrued upon the commitment to a termination plan and when the benefit arrangement is communicated to affected employees, or when liabilities are determined to be probable and estimable, depending on the existence of a substantive plan for severance or termination. Contract termination costs are recorded when contracts are terminated or when Aptiv ceases to use the leased facility and no longer derives economic benefit from the contract. All other exit costs are expensed as incurred. Refer to Note 7. Restructuring for additional information. Customer concentrations—As reflected in the table below, combined net sales to General Motors Company (“GM”) and Volkswagen Group (“VW”), Aptiv’s two largest customers, totaled approximately 19% and 19% of our total net sales for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively, and 22% and 23% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, respectively.
| Percentage of Total Net Sales |  |  | Accounts and Other Receivables
| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  |  | September 30, 2018 |  | December 31, 2017
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2018 |  | 2017 |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (in millions)
GM (1) | 11 | % |  | 12 | % |  | 11 | % |  | 14 | % |  |  | $ | 239 |  |  | $ | 204 |
VW | 8 | % |  | 10 | % |  | 8 | % |  | 9 | % |  |  | 157 |  |  | 145 |
(1) | Net sales to GM includes net sales to GM’s former European Opel business prior to its sale to PSA Peugeot Citroën (“PSA”) on August 1, 2017, after which date these sales are excluded from net sales to GM.
Recently adopted accounting pronouncements—Aptiv adopted ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, in the first quarter of 2018 using the modified retrospective method. This ASU supersedes most of the existing guidance on revenue recognition in ASC Topic 605, Revenue Recognition and establishes a broad principle that would require an entity to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Refer to Note 22. Revenue for additional information. Aptiv adopted ASU 2016-01, Financial Instruments - Overall (Subtopic 825-10): Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, in the first quarter of 2018. This guidance makes targeted improvements to existing U.S. GAAP for financial instruments, including requiring equity investments (except those accounted for under the equity method of accounting or those that result in consolidation of the investee) to be measured at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in net income. In accordance with this guidance, Aptiv measures equity investments at cost, less impairments, adjusted for observable price changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar investments of the same issuer. The adoption of this guidance did not have a significant impact on Aptiv’s financial statements. Aptiv adopted ASU 2016-15, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Classification of Certain Cash Receipts and Cash Payments, in the first quarter of 2018. This guidance clarifies the presentation requirements of eight specific issues within the statement of cash flows. The adoption of this guidance did not have a significant impact on Aptiv’s financial statements, as Aptiv’s treatment of the relevant affected items within its consolidated statement of cash flows is consistent with the requirements of this guidance. Aptiv adopted ASU 2016-16, Accounting for Income Taxes: Intra-Entity Asset Transfers of Assets Other than Inventory, in the first quarter of 2018. This guidance requires that the tax effects of all intra-entity sales of assets other than inventory be recognized in the period in which the transaction occurs. The guidance is to be applied on a modified retrospective basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the period of adoption. The adoption of this guidance resulted in an adjustment of $9 million recorded to retained earnings during the nine months ended September 30, 2018. Aptiv adopted ASU 2016-18, Statement of Cash Flows (Topic 230): Restricted Cash, in the first quarter of 2018. This guidance requires that a statement of cash flows explain the change during the period in the total of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash. As a result, restricted cash will be included with cash and cash equivalents when reconciling the beginning-of-period and end-of-period total amounts shown on the statement of cash flows. The adoption of this guidance did not have a significant impact on Aptiv’s financial statements, other than the classification of restricted cash within the beginning-of-period and end-of-period totals on the consolidated statement of cash flows, as opposed to being excluded from these totals. Recently issued accounting pronouncements not yet adopted—In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). Under this guidance, lessees will be required to recognize on the balance sheet a lease liability and a right-of-use asset for all leases, with the exception of short-term leases. The lease liability represents the lessee’s obligation to make lease payments arising from a lease, and will be measured as the present value of the lease payments. The right-of-use asset represents the lessee’s right to use a specified asset for the lease term, and will be measured at the lease liability amount, adjusted for lease prepayment, lease incentives received and the lessee’s initial direct costs. The standard also requires a lessee to recognize a single lease cost allocated over the lease term, generally on a straight-line basis. The new guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. ASU 2016-02 is required to be applied using the modified retrospective approach for all leases existing as of the effective date and provides for certain practical expedients. Early adoption is permitted. As of December 31, 2017, Aptiv had minimum lease commitments under non-cancellable operating leases totaling approximately $450 million. The adoption of this guidance will result in the addition of right-of-use assets and corresponding lease obligations to the consolidated balance sheet and will not have a material impact on its results of operations or cash flows. As permitted, the Company currently plans to elect the practical expedients upon transition which will retain the lease classification and initial direct costs for leases existing prior to the adoption of this standard. The Company will not reassess whether any contracts which were entered into prior to the adoption of ASU 2016-02 are classified as leases. The Company is in the process of cataloging existing lease contracts and implementing changes to its systems. In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. This guidance requires the measurement of all expected credit losses for financial assets held at the reporting date based on historical experience, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts. This guidance also requires enhanced disclosures regarding significant estimates and judgments used in estimating credit losses. The new guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2018. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements. In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-04, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other (Topic 350): Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment. This guidance simplifies how an entity is required to test goodwill for impairment by eliminating step two from the goodwill impairment test, which measures a goodwill impairment loss by comparing the implied fair value of a reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount. Under the new guidance, if a reporting unit’s carrying amount exceeds its fair value, an entity will record an impairment charge based on that difference. The impairment charge will be limited to the amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. The standard will be applied prospectively and is effective for annual and interim impairment tests performed in periods beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this standard on its financial statements, but does not anticipate a material impact. As this standard is prospective in nature, the impact to Aptiv’s financial statements of not performing a step two in order to measure the amount of any potential goodwill impairment will depend on various factors associated with the Company’s assessment of goodwill for impairment in those future periods. In August 2017, the FASB issued ASU 2017-12, Derivatives and Hedging—Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities, which expands and refines the application of hedge accounting for both non-financial and financial risk components and aligns the recognition and presentation of the effects of the hedging instrument and the hedged item in the financial statements. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact that the adoption of this guidance will have on its consolidated financial statements. In February 2018, the FASB issued ASU 2018-02, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income (Topic 220): Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, which allows for the elimination of the stranded income tax effects resulting from the enactment of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act through a reclassification from accumulated other comprehensive income to retained earnings. The standard is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. Early adoption is permitted. The adoption of this guidance is not expected to have a significant impact on Aptiv’s financial statements.

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