RESTRUCTURING

Aptiv’s restructuring activities are undertaken as necessary to implement management’s strategy, streamline operations, take advantage of available capacity and resources, and ultimately achieve net cost reductions. These activities generally relate to the realignment of existing manufacturing capacity and closure of facilities and other exit or disposal activities, as it relates to executing Aptiv’s strategy, either in the normal course of business or pursuant to significant restructuring programs.

As part of Aptiv’s continued efforts to optimize its cost structure, it has undertaken several restructuring programs which include workforce reductions as well as plant closures. These programs are primarily focused on the continued rotation of our manufacturing footprint to best cost locations in Europe and on reducing global overhead costs, including programs implemented to realign the Company’s organizational structure due to changes in roles and workforce as a result of the spin-off of the former Powertrain Systems segment. The Company recorded employee-related and other restructuring charges related to these programs totaling approximately $109 million during the year ended December 31, 2018, of which $64 million was recognized for programs focused on the continued rotation of our manufacturing footprint to best cost locations in Europe and reducing overhead costs in the region.

During the year ended December 31, 2017, Aptiv recorded employee-related and other restructuring charges totaling approximately $129 million, of which $89 million was recognized for programs focused on the continued rotation of our manufacturing footprint to best cost locations in Europe and reducing overhead costs in the region. The charges recorded during the the year ended December 31, 2017 included the recognition of approximately $36 million of employee-related and other costs related to the initiation of a program to close a Western European Advanced Safety and User Experience manufacturing site, pursuant to the Company’s ongoing European footprint rotation strategy. During the year ended December 31, 2016, the Company recorded employee-related and other restructuring charges totaling approximately $167 million, primarily focused on the continued rotation of our manufacturing footprint to best cost locations in Europe and on reducing global overhead costs. These charges included $91 million for programs implemented to reduce global overhead costs, as well as $39 million for programs focused on the continued rotation of our manufacturing footprint to best cost locations in Europe.

Additionally, the Company recorded $90 million and $161 million of restructuring costs within discontinued operations, primarily related to the Powertrain Systems business, during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. These amounts were primarily incurred related to the Company’s ongoing European footprint rotation strategy, and included charges for the closures of European manufacturing sites in each year, which totaled $54 million and $93 million during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Restructuring charges for employee separation and termination benefits are paid either over the severance period or in a lump sum in accordance with either statutory requirements or individual agreements. Aptiv incurred cash expenditures related to its restructuring programs of approximately $135 million and $127 million in the years ended December 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

The following table summarizes the restructuring charges recorded for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016 by operating segment:



	Year Ended December 31,
	2018		2017		2016
	(in millions)
Signal and Power Solutions	$	90	$	67	$	125
Advanced Safety and User Experience	19		62		42
Total	$	109	$	129	$	167

The table below summarizes the activity in the restructuring liability for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017:



	Employee Termination Benefits Liability			Other Exit Costs Liability			Total
	(in millions)
Accrual balance at January 1, 2017	$	114		$	1		$	115
Provision for estimated expenses incurred during the year	129			—			129
Payments made during the year	(127		)	—			(127		)
Foreign currency and other	15			—			15
Accrual balance at December 31, 2017	$	131		$	1		$	132
Provision for estimated expenses incurred during the year	$	109		$	—		$	109
Payments made during the year	(134		)	(1		)	(135		)
Foreign currency and other	(2		)	—			(2		)
Accrual balance at December 31, 2018	$	104		$	—		$	104