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Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of Income before Income Tax, Domestic and Foreign
Income from continuing operations before income taxes and equity income for U.S. and non-U.S. operations are as follows:
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
(in millions)
U.S. income (loss)
$
369

 
$
(32
)
 
$
150

Non-U.S. income
965

 
1,287

 
850

Income from continuing operations before income taxes and equity income
$
1,334

 
$
1,255

 
$
1,000

Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
The provision (benefit) for income taxes from continuing operations is comprised of:
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
(in millions)
Current income tax expense (benefit):
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. federal
$
40

 
$
37

 
$
47

Non-U.S.
214

 
214

 
238

U.S. state and local
10

 
(2
)
 
3

Total current
264

 
249

 
288

Deferred income tax expense (benefit), net:
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. federal
13

 
(15
)
 
(88
)
Non-U.S.
(16
)
 
(12
)
 
(33
)
U.S. state and local
(11
)
 
1

 

Total deferred
(14
)
 
(26
)
 
(121
)
Total income tax provision
$
250

 
$
223

 
$
167

Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation
A reconciliation of the provision for income taxes compared with the amounts at the notional U.S. federal statutory rate was:
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
(in millions)
Notional U.S. federal income taxes at statutory rate
$
280

 
$
439

 
$
350

Income taxed at other rates
(106
)
 
(260
)
 
(86
)
Change in valuation allowance
(4
)
 
(6
)
 
(17
)
Other change in tax reserves
36

 
25

 
76

Withholding taxes
28

 
64

 
44

Tax credits
(18
)
 
(32
)
 
(196
)
Change in tax law
26

 
(6
)
 
(1
)
Other adjustments
8

 
(1
)
 
(3
)
Total income tax expense
$
250

 
$
223

 
$
167

Effective tax rate
19
%
 
18
%
 
17
%
Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities
Significant components of the deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:
 
December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
(in millions)
Deferred tax assets:
 
 
 
Pension
$
88

 
$
94

Employee benefits
43

 
12

Net operating loss carryforwards
1,089

 
976

Warranty and other liabilities
63

 
88

Other
136

 
210

Total gross deferred tax assets
1,419

 
1,380

Less: valuation allowances
(1,178
)
 
(1,008
)
Total deferred tax assets (1)
$
241

 
$
372

Deferred tax liabilities:
 
 
 
Fixed assets
$
38

 
$
33

Tax on unremitted profits of certain foreign subsidiaries
59

 
69

Intangibles
234

 
307

Total gross deferred tax liabilities
331

 
409

Net deferred tax liabilities
$
(90
)
 
$
(37
)
(1)
Reflects gross amount before jurisdictional netting of deferred tax assets and liabilities.
Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities, Balance Sheet Location
Net deferred tax assets and liabilities are included in the consolidated balance sheets as follows:
 
December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
(in millions)
Long-term assets
$
143

 
$
185

Long-term liabilities
(233
)
 
(222
)
Total deferred tax liability
$
(90
)
 
$
(37
)
Schedule of Unrecognized Tax Benefits Roll Forward
A reconciliation of the gross change in the unrecognized tax benefits balance, excluding interest and penalties is as follows:
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
(in millions)
Balance at beginning of year
$
224

 
$
180

 
$
43

Additions related to current year
33

 
51

 
94

Additions related to prior years
65

 
40

 
67

Reductions related to prior years
(19
)
 
(31
)
 
(15
)
Reductions due to expirations of statute of limitations
(78
)
 
(15
)
 
(8
)
Settlements
(16
)
 
(1
)
 
(1
)
Balance at end of year
$
209

 
$
224

 
$
180