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Fair Value Measurements

3 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2023

In accordance with the authoritative guidance on fair value measurements and disclosure under GAAP, the Company determines fair value using a fair value hierarchy that distinguishes between market participant assumptions developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the reporting entity, and the reporting entity’s own assumptions about market participant assumptions developed based on the best information available in the circumstances and expands disclosure about fair value measurements.

Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date, essentially the exit price.

The levels of fair value hierarchy are:

Level 1: Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities at the measurement date that the Company has the ability to access.

Level 2: Observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1, such as quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar assets and liabilities in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data.

Level 3: Unobservable inputs for which there is little or no market data available. These inputs reflect management's assumptions of what market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.

Level 1 investments are valued based on quoted market prices in active markets and include the Company's cash equivalent investments. Level 2 investments, which include investments that are valued based on quoted prices in markets that are not active, broker or dealer quotations, actual trade data, benchmark yields or alternative pricing sources with reasonable levels of price transparency, include the Company's certificates of deposit, corporate bonds and notes, municipal bonds and notes, U.S. government securities, U.S. government agency securities and international government securities. Fair values for the Company's level 2 investments are based on similar assets without applying significant judgments. In addition, all of the Company's level 2 investments have a sufficient level of trading volume to demonstrate that the fair values used are appropriate for these investments.

A financial instrument's level within the fair value hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of any input that is significant to the fair value measurement. However, the determination of what constitutes "observable" requires significant judgment by the Company. The Company considers observable data to be market data which is readily available, regularly distributed or updated, reliable and verifiable, not proprietary, and provided by independent sources that are actively involved in the relevant market.

Assets and Liabilities Measured and Recorded at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The Company's financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis subject to the disclosure requirements at December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023, were as follows (in thousands):


				Gross Unrealized						Classification on Balance Sheet
December 31, 2023	Fair Value Level	Cost or Amortized Cost		Gains		Losses		Aggregate Fair Value		Cash and Cash Equivalents		Short-Term Investments		Long-Term Investments
Changes in fair value recorded in other comprehensive income
Money Market Funds	Level 1	$	383,794	$	—	$	—	$	383,794	$	383,794	$	—	$	—

Corporate bonds and notes	Level 2	3,227		—		(40)		3,187		—		3,187		—
Municipal bonds and notes	Level 2	100		—		—		100		—		100		—


Total debt investments		$	387,121	$	—	$	(40)	$	387,081	$	383,794	$	3,287	$	—
Changes in fair value recorded in other net income (expense)
Equity investments	*							$	6,170	$	—	$	—	$	6,170
Total equity investments								6,170		—		—		6,170
Total investments								$	393,251	$	383,794	$	3,287	$	6,170

* The fair value of this equity investment is measured at net asset value ("NAV") which approximates fair value and is not classified within the fair value hierarchy.


				Gross Unrealized						Classification on Balance Sheet
September 30, 2023	Fair Value Level	Cost or Amortized Cost		Gains		Losses		Aggregate Fair Value		Cash and Cash Equivalents		Short-Term Investments		Long-Term Investments
Changes in fair value recorded in other comprehensive income
Money Market Funds	Level 1	$	392,592	$	—	$	—	$	392,592	$	392,592	$	—	$	—

Corporate bonds and notes	Level 2	4,412		—		(88)		4,324		—		4,324		—
Municipal bonds and notes	Level 2	1,108		—		(9)		1,099		—		1,099		—

U.S. government agency securities	Level 2	740		—		(3)		737		—		737		—
Total debt investments		$	398,852	$	—	$	(100)	$	398,752	$	392,592	$	6,160	$	—
Changes in fair value recorded in other net income (expense)
Equity investments	*							$	5,068	$	—	$	—	$	5,068
Total equity investments								5,068		—		—		5,068
Total investments								$	403,820	$	392,592	$	6,160	$	5,068

* The fair value of this equity investment is measured at NAV which approximates fair value and is not classified within the fair value hierarchy.

The Company uses the fair value hierarchy for financial assets and liabilities. The carrying amounts of other current financial assets and other current financial liabilities approximate fair value due to their short-term nature.

Interest income from cash and cash equivalents and investments was $7.9 million and $3.2 million for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Interest income is included in other income (expense), net on the Company's consolidated income statements. Unrealized losses on investments held for a period greater than 12 months at December 31, 2023 and September 30, 2023 were not material.

The Company invests in debt securities that are rated investment grade. The Company reviews the individual debt securities in its portfolio to determine whether a credit loss exists by comparing the extent to which the fair value is less than the amortized cost and considering any changes to ratings of a debt security by a ratings agency. The Company determined that as of December 31, 2023, there were no credit losses on any investments within its portfolio.

Assets Measured and Recorded at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis

The Company's non-financial long-lived assets, which include goodwill and other intangible assets, are not required to be carried at fair value on a recurring basis. These non-financial assets are measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis when there is an indicator of impairment, and they are recorded at fair value only when impairment is recognized. The Company reviews goodwill for impairment annually, during the second quarter of each fiscal year, or as circumstances indicate the possibility of impairment. The Company monitors the carrying value of tangible and intangible long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate its carrying amount may not be recoverable.

The Company did not recognize any impairment charges related to non-financial long-lived assets for the three months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

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