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Pay vs Performance Disclosure - USD ($) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023 | Dec. 31, 2022 | Dec. 31, 2021 | Dec. 31, 2020
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure, Table |
​ | Year | ​ | ​ | ​ | Summary Compensation Table Total for PEO 1 | ​ | ​ | ​ | Compensation Actually Paid to PEO 1,3,4 | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average Summary Compensation Table Total for Non-PEO NEOs 2 | ​ | ​ | ​ | Average Compensation Actually Paid to Non-PEO NEOs 2,3,4 | ​ | ​ | ​ | Value of Initial Fixed $100 Investment Based On: | ​ | ​ | ​ | Net Income (in millions)6 | ​ | ​ | ​ | Non-GAAP Operating Earnings (in millions)6 | ​
​ | Total Shareholder Return | ​ | ​ | ​ | Peer Group Total Shareholder Return 5 | ​ | ​
​ | 2023 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $15,118,828 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $12,277,460 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $5,445,220 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $4,620,616 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $167.46 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $141.43 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $670.1 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $1,602.8 | ​
​ | 2022 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $13,804,149 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $22,337,042 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $4,697,081 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $6,610,684 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $172.34 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $128.51 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $4,852.2 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $1,700.9 | ​
​ | 2021 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $17,566,163 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $30,384,681 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $5,217,527 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $7,526,148 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $143.50 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $136.28 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $1,757.4 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $1,847.6 | ​
​ | 2020 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $15,614,418 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $9,311,899 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $4,508,046 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $3,109,284 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $94.81 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $100.64 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $1,428.5 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $1,366.4 | ​
​ 1 Daniel J. Houston was our Chief Executive Officer in all years reported. ​ 2 During 2023, our non-PEO NEOs consisted of Deanna D. Strable-Soethout, Patrick G. Halter, Amy C. Friedrich, and Vivek Agrawal. During 2022, our non-PEO NEOs consisted of Deanna D. Strable-Soethout, Patrick G. Halter, Amy C. Friedrich, and Natalie Lamarque. During 2021, our non-PEO NEOs consisted of Deanna D. Strable-Soethout, Patrick G. Halter, Amy C. Friedrich and Renee Schaff. During 2020, our non-PEO NEOs consisted of Deanna D. Strable-Soethout, Patrick G. Halter, Timothy M. Dunbar and Luis Valdes. ​ 3 Adjustments were as follows: ​
​ | Adjustments to Determine “Compensation Actually Paid” for PEO and Non-PEO NEOs | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2023 | ​
​ | PEO | ​ | ​ | ​ | NEOs | ​
​ | Deduction for Change in the Actuarial Present Values reported under the “Change in Pension Value and Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Earnings” Column of the SCT | ​ | ​ | ​ | $765,298 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $335,688 | ​
​ | Increase for “Service Cost” for Pension Plans | ​ | ​ | ​ | $409,088 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $77,410 | ​
​ | Increase for “Prior Service Cost” for Pension Plans | ​ | ​ | ​ | $0 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $0 | ​
​ | Deduction for Amounts Reported under the “Stock Awards” Column in the SCT | ​ | ​ | ​ | $9,661,687 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $3,097,172 | ​
​ | Deduction for Amounts Reported under the “Option Awards” Column in the SCT | ​ | ​ | ​ | $0 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $0 | ​
​ | Increase for Fair Value of Awards Granted during year that Remain Unvested as of Year-end | ​ | ​ | ​ | $8,247,736 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $2,510,760 | ​
​ | Increase for Fair Value of Awards Granted during year that Vest during year | ​ | ​ | ​ | $0 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $183,596 | ​
​ | Increase/deduction for Change in Fair Value from prior Year-end to current Year-end of Awards Granted Prior to year that were Outstanding and Unvested as of Year-end | ​ | ​ | ​ | $(1,932,300) | ​ | ​ | ​ | $(363,815) | ​
​ | Increase/deduction for Change in Fair Value from prior Year-end to Vesting Date of Awards Granted Prior to year that Vested during year | ​ | ​ | ​ | $38,367 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $3,814 | ​
​ | Deduction of Fair Value of Awards Granted Prior to year that were Forfeited during year | ​ | ​ | ​ | $0 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $0 | ​
​ | Increase based upon Incremental Fair Value of Awards Modified during year | ​ | ​ | ​ | $0 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $0 | ​
​ | Increase based on Dividends or Other Earnings Paid during year prior to Vesting Date of Award | ​ | ​ | ​ | $822,726 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $196,491 | ​
​ | Total Adjustments | ​ | ​ | ​ | $(2,841,368) | ​ | ​ | ​ | $(824,604) | ​
​ 4 Compensation Actually Paid for the PEO and NEOs was erroneously reported in the 2023 Proxy Statement. The following corrections were made, 2022, 2021, and 2020 PEO total adjustments were reported as $8,669,690, $13,534,312, and ($6,120,358) and have been corrected to $8,532,893, $12,818,518, and ($6,302,519). 2022, 2021 and 2020 NEOs total adjustments were reported as $3,569,762, $2,430,837, and ($1,362,316) and have been corrected to $1,913,603, $2,308,621, and (1,398,762). ​ 5 Peer Group used is the S&P 500 Financials Index. ​ 6 In 2023, Principal adopted new accounting guidance that required us to recast 2021 and 2022 financial results. Amounts shown were used to determine executive compensation based on accounting policies during the period. Additional details of our implementation of the new accounting guidance can be found in Note 1 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of our 2023 Form 10-K. |  |  |
Company Selected Measure Name | Non-GAAP Operating Earnings |  |  |
Named Executive Officers, Footnote | 1 Daniel J. Houston was our Chief Executive Officer in all years reported. ​ 2 During 2023, our non-PEO NEOs consisted of Deanna D. Strable-Soethout, Patrick G. Halter, Amy C. Friedrich, and Vivek Agrawal. During 2022, our non-PEO NEOs consisted of Deanna D. Strable-Soethout, Patrick G. Halter, Amy C. Friedrich, and Natalie Lamarque. During 2021, our non-PEO NEOs consisted of Deanna D. Strable-Soethout, Patrick G. Halter, Amy C. Friedrich and Renee Schaff. During 2020, our non-PEO NEOs consisted of Deanna D. Strable-Soethout, Patrick G. Halter, Timothy M. Dunbar and Luis Valdes |  |  |
Peer Group Issuers, Footnote | Peer Group used is the S&P 500 Financials Index. ​ |  |  |
PEO Total Compensation Amount | $ 15,118,828 | $ 13,804,149 | $ 17,566,163 | $ 15,614,418
PEO Actually Paid Compensation Amount | $ 12,277,460 | 22,337,042 | 30,384,681 | 9,311,899
Adjustment To PEO Compensation, Footnote |
​ | Adjustments to Determine “Compensation Actually Paid” for PEO and Non-PEO NEOs | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2023 | ​
​ | PEO | ​ | ​ | ​ | NEOs | ​
​ | Deduction for Change in the Actuarial Present Values reported under the “Change in Pension Value and Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Earnings” Column of the SCT | ​ | ​ | ​ | $765,298 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $335,688 | ​
​ | Increase for “Service Cost” for Pension Plans | ​ | ​ | ​ | $409,088 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $77,410 | ​
​ | Increase for “Prior Service Cost” for Pension Plans | ​ | ​ | ​ | $0 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $0 | ​
​ | Deduction for Amounts Reported under the “Stock Awards” Column in the SCT | ​ | ​ | ​ | $9,661,687 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $3,097,172 | ​
​ | Deduction for Amounts Reported under the “Option Awards” Column in the SCT | ​ | ​ | ​ | $0 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $0 | ​
​ | Increase for Fair Value of Awards Granted during year that Remain Unvested as of Year-end | ​ | ​ | ​ | $8,247,736 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $2,510,760 | ​
​ | Increase for Fair Value of Awards Granted during year that Vest during year | ​ | ​ | ​ | $0 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $183,596 | ​
​ | Increase/deduction for Change in Fair Value from prior Year-end to current Year-end of Awards Granted Prior to year that were Outstanding and Unvested as of Year-end | ​ | ​ | ​ | $(1,932,300) | ​ | ​ | ​ | $(363,815) | ​
​ | Increase/deduction for Change in Fair Value from prior Year-end to Vesting Date of Awards Granted Prior to year that Vested during year | ​ | ​ | ​ | $38,367 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $3,814 | ​
​ | Deduction of Fair Value of Awards Granted Prior to year that were Forfeited during year | ​ | ​ | ​ | $0 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $0 | ​
​ | Increase based upon Incremental Fair Value of Awards Modified during year | ​ | ​ | ​ | $0 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $0 | ​
​ | Increase based on Dividends or Other Earnings Paid during year prior to Vesting Date of Award | ​ | ​ | ​ | $822,726 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $196,491 | ​
​ | Total Adjustments | ​ | ​ | ​ | $(2,841,368) | ​ | ​ | ​ | $(824,604) | ​
Non-PEO NEO Average Total Compensation Amount | $ 5,445,220 | 4,697,081 | 5,217,527 | 4,508,046
Non-PEO NEO Average Compensation Actually Paid Amount | $ 4,620,616 | 6,610,684 | 7,526,148 | 3,109,284
Adjustment to Non-PEO NEO Compensation Footnote |
​ | Adjustments to Determine “Compensation Actually Paid” for PEO and Non-PEO NEOs | ​ | ​ | ​ | 2023 | ​
​ | PEO | ​ | ​ | ​ | NEOs | ​
​ | Deduction for Change in the Actuarial Present Values reported under the “Change in Pension Value and Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Earnings” Column of the SCT | ​ | ​ | ​ | $765,298 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $335,688 | ​
​ | Increase for “Service Cost” for Pension Plans | ​ | ​ | ​ | $409,088 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $77,410 | ​
​ | Increase for “Prior Service Cost” for Pension Plans | ​ | ​ | ​ | $0 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $0 | ​
​ | Deduction for Amounts Reported under the “Stock Awards” Column in the SCT | ​ | ​ | ​ | $9,661,687 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $3,097,172 | ​
​ | Deduction for Amounts Reported under the “Option Awards” Column in the SCT | ​ | ​ | ​ | $0 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $0 | ​
​ | Increase for Fair Value of Awards Granted during year that Remain Unvested as of Year-end | ​ | ​ | ​ | $8,247,736 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $2,510,760 | ​
​ | Increase for Fair Value of Awards Granted during year that Vest during year | ​ | ​ | ​ | $0 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $183,596 | ​
​ | Increase/deduction for Change in Fair Value from prior Year-end to current Year-end of Awards Granted Prior to year that were Outstanding and Unvested as of Year-end | ​ | ​ | ​ | $(1,932,300) | ​ | ​ | ​ | $(363,815) | ​
​ | Increase/deduction for Change in Fair Value from prior Year-end to Vesting Date of Awards Granted Prior to year that Vested during year | ​ | ​ | ​ | $38,367 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $3,814 | ​
​ | Deduction of Fair Value of Awards Granted Prior to year that were Forfeited during year | ​ | ​ | ​ | $0 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $0 | ​
​ | Increase based upon Incremental Fair Value of Awards Modified during year | ​ | ​ | ​ | $0 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $0 | ​
​ | Increase based on Dividends or Other Earnings Paid during year prior to Vesting Date of Award | ​ | ​ | ​ | $822,726 | ​ | ​ | ​ | $196,491 | ​
​ | Total Adjustments | ​ | ​ | ​ | $(2,841,368) | ​ | ​ | ​ | $(824,604) | ​
Compensation Actually Paid vs. Total Shareholder Return | Compensation Actually Paid vs. Total Shareholder Return |  |  |
Compensation Actually Paid vs. Net Income | Compensation Actually Paid vs. Net Income ($M) |  |  |
Compensation Actually Paid vs. Company Selected Measure | Compensation Actually Paid vs. Non-GAAP Operating Earnings |  |  |
Total Shareholder Return Vs Peer Group | Compensation Actually Paid vs. Total Shareholder Return |  |  |
Tabular List, Table | Pay Versus Performance—Tabular List of Most Important Financial Performance Measures
​ | Financial Performance Measures | ​
​ | Non-GAAP Operating Earnings | ​
​ | Non-GAAP Return on Equity | ​
​ | Operating Margin | ​
Total Shareholder Return Amount | $ 167.46 | 172.34 | 143.5 | 94.81
Peer Group Total Shareholder Return Amount | 141.43 | 128.51 | 136.28 | 100.64
Net Income (Loss) | $ 670,100,000 | $ 4,852,200,000 | $ 1,757,400,000 | $ 1,428,500,000
Company Selected Measure Amount | 1,602,800,000 | 1,700,900,000 | 1,847,600,000 | 1,366,400,000
PEO Name | Daniel J. Houston |  |  |
Measure:: 1 |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |
Name | Non-GAAP Operating Earnings |  |  |
Non-GAAP Measure Description |  |  | 5 |
Measure:: 2 |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |
Name | Non-GAAP Return on Equity |  |  |
Measure:: 3 |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |
Name | Operating Margin |  |  |
PEO [Member] | Pension Adjustments Pension Value In Summary Compensation Table [Member] |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount | $ (765,298) |  |  |
PEO [Member] | Pension Adjustments Service Cost [Member] |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount | 409,088 |  |  |
PEO [Member] | Pension Adjustments Prior Service Cost [Member] |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount | 0 |  |  |
PEO [Member] | Stock Awards Adjustments [Member] |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount | (9,661,687) |  |  |
PEO [Member] | Option Awards Adjustments [Member] |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount | 0 |  |  |
PEO [Member] | Year-end Fair Value Of Awards Granted In The Current Fiscal Year [Member] |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount | 8,247,736 |  |  |
PEO [Member] | Change In Fair Value As Of Vesting Date Of Current Year Awards Vested During Current Year [Member] |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount | 0 |  |  |
PEO [Member] | Change In Fair Value Of Outstanding And Unvested Awards Granted In Prior Fiscal Years [Member] |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount | (1,932,300) |  |  |
PEO [Member] | Change In Fair Value As Of Vesting Date Of Prior Year Awards Vested During Current Year [Member] |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount | 38,367 |  |  |
PEO [Member] | Change In Fair Value Of Awards Granted Prior To Year That Were Forfeited During Year [Member] |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount | 0 |  |  |
PEO [Member] | Increase Based Upon Incremental Fair ValueO f Awards Modified During Year [Member] |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount | 0 |  |  |
PEO [Member] | Dividends Or Other Earnings Paid On Equity Awards Not Otherwise Reflected In Fair Value [Member] |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount | 822,726 |  |  |
PEO [Member] | Total Net Adjustments For Pension And Equity Awards [Member] |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount | (2,841,368) |  |  |
PEO [Member] | Total Equity Awards Adjustments [Member] |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |  | $ 8,532,893 | $ 12,818,518 | $ (6,302,519)
Error Correction, Adjustment to Compensation Amount |  | 8,669,690 | 13,534,312 | (6,120,358)
Non-PEO NEO [Member] | Pension Adjustments Pension Value In Summary Compensation Table [Member] |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount | (335,688) |  |  |
Non-PEO NEO [Member] | Pension Adjustments Service Cost [Member] |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount | 77,410 |  |  |
Non-PEO NEO [Member] | Pension Adjustments Prior Service Cost [Member] |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount | 0 |  |  |
Non-PEO NEO [Member] | Stock Awards Adjustments [Member] |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount | (3,097,172) |  |  |
Non-PEO NEO [Member] | Option Awards Adjustments [Member] |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount | 0 |  |  |
Non-PEO NEO [Member] | Year-end Fair Value Of Awards Granted In The Current Fiscal Year [Member] |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount | 2,510,760 |  |  |
Non-PEO NEO [Member] | Change In Fair Value As Of Vesting Date Of Current Year Awards Vested During Current Year [Member] |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount | 183,596 |  |  |
Non-PEO NEO [Member] | Change In Fair Value Of Outstanding And Unvested Awards Granted In Prior Fiscal Years [Member] |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount | (363,815) |  |  |
Non-PEO NEO [Member] | Change In Fair Value As Of Vesting Date Of Prior Year Awards Vested During Current Year [Member] |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount | 3,814 |  |  |
Non-PEO NEO [Member] | Change In Fair Value Of Awards Granted Prior To Year That Were Forfeited During Year [Member] |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount | 0 |  |  |
Non-PEO NEO [Member] | Increase Based Upon Incremental Fair ValueO f Awards Modified During Year [Member] |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount | 0 |  |  |
Non-PEO NEO [Member] | Dividends Or Other Earnings Paid On Equity Awards Not Otherwise Reflected In Fair Value [Member] |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount | 196,491 |  |  |
Non-PEO NEO [Member] | Total Net Adjustments For Pension And Equity Awards [Member] |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount | $ (824,604) |  |  |
Non-PEO NEO [Member] | Total Equity Awards Adjustments [Member] |  |  |  |
Pay vs Performance Disclosure |  |  |  |
Adjustment to Compensation, Amount |  | 1,913,603 | 2,308,621 | (1,398,762)
Error Correction, Adjustment to Compensation Amount |  | $ 3,569,762 | $ 2,430,837 | $ (1,362,316)

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