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Income Taxes
 12 Months Ended
Nov. 30, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes INCOME TAXES
The provision for income taxes for the years ended November 30 consists of the following:
(millions)202220212020
Income taxes
Current
Federal$62.8 $71.7 $98.3 
State14.8 14.0 14.8 
International69.2 71.0 73.0 
 146.8 156.7 186.1 
Deferred
Federal37.1 23.5 4.6 
State(3.2)16.8 0.5 
International(12.1)(4.3)(16.3)
 21.8 36.0 (11.2)
Total income tax expense (benefit)$168.6 $192.7 $174.9 
The components of income from consolidated operations before income taxes for the years ended November 30 follow:
(millions)202220212020
Pretax income
United States$600.7 $588.1 $624.3 
International212.1 307.7 257.2 
 $812.8 $895.8 $881.5 
A reconciliation of the U.S. federal statutory rate with the effective tax rate for the years ended November 30 follows:
202220212020
Federal statutory tax rate21.0 %21.0 %21.0 %
State income taxes, net of federal benefits1.2 1.6 1.5 
International tax at different effective rates(0.1)0.8 1.3 
U.S. tax on remitted and unremitted earnings0.6 0.1 0.8 
Stock compensation expense(1.1)(0.4)(1.5)
Changes in prior year tax contingencies(0.8)(2.5)(0.3)
Acquisition-related state tax rate change, net of federal benefits— 1.2 — 
Valuation allowance release(0.6)(0.5)(1.4)
Intra-entity asset transfer— — (1.1)
Other, net0.5 0.2 (0.5)
Total20.7 %21.5 %19.8 %
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are comprised of the following as of November 30:
(millions)20222021
Deferred tax assets
Employee benefit liabilities$49.9 $91.2 
Other accrued liabilities36.1 39.8 
Inventory17.4 12.9 
Tax loss and credit carryforwards59.7 56.6 
Lease liabilities18.1 33.3 
Other22.7 21.7 
Valuation allowance(26.4)(32.7)
 177.5 222.8 
Deferred tax liabilities
Depreciation93.0 97.5 
Intangible assets847.4 841.3 
Lease ROU assets12.3 3.3 
Other18.6 5.9 
 971.3 948.0 
Net deferred tax liability$(793.8)$(725.2)
At November 30, 2022, we have tax loss carryforwards of $162.6 million. Of these carryforwards, $5.1 million expire in 2023, $16.1 million from 2024 through 2025, $54.6 million from 2026 through 2039, and $86.8 million may be carried forward indefinitely. At November 30, 2022, we also have U.S. foreign tax credit carryforwards of $7.0 million, $3.9 million, and $5.3 million which expire in 2030, 2031, and 2032, respectively.
A valuation allowance has been provided to cover deferred tax assets that are not more likely than not realizable. The net decrease of $6.3 million in the valuation allowance from November 30, 2021 to November 30, 2022 resulted primarily from the net decrease of valuation allowances for net operating losses and other tax attributes in the U.S. and certain non-U.S. jurisdictions.
Our intent is to continue to reinvest undistributed earnings of our non-U.S. subsidiaries and joint ventures indefinitely. As of November 30, 2022, we have $1.4 billion of earnings that are considered indefinitely reinvested. We have not provided any deferred taxes with respect to items such as foreign withholding taxes, other income taxes, or foreign exchange gain or loss. It is not practicable for us to determine the amount of unrecognized tax expense on these reinvested international earnings.
The following table summarizes the activity related to our gross unrecognized tax benefits for the years ended November 30:
(millions)202220212020
Balance at beginning of year$26.8 $39.3 $32.0 
Additions for current year tax positions4.7 4.8 7.8 
Additions for prior year tax positions0.1 0.1 2.5 
Reductions of prior year tax positions(0.8)(11.6)— 
Statute expirations(5.0)(6.0)(4.2)
Settlements— (0.2)— 
Foreign currency translation(0.7)0.4 1.2 
Balance at November 30$25.1 $26.8 $39.3 
As of November 30, 2022, 2021, and 2020, if recognized, $25.1 million, $26.8 million, and $39.3 million, respectively, of the unrecognized tax benefits would affect the effective rate.
We record interest and penalties on income taxes in income tax expense. We recognized interest and penalty expense (benefit) of $0.2 million, $(3.7) million, and $0.8 million in 2022, 2021, and 2020, respectively. As of November 30, 2022 and 2021, we had accrued $4.7 million and $4.7 million, respectively, of interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits.

Tax settlements or statute of limitation expirations could result in a change to our uncertain tax positions. We believe that the reasonably possible total amount of unrecognized tax benefits as of November 30, 2022 that could decrease in the next 12 months as a result of various statute expirations, audit closures and/or tax settlements would not be material.
We file income tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various state and non-U.S. jurisdictions. The open years subject to tax audits vary depending on the tax jurisdictions. In the U.S federal jurisdiction, we are no longer subject to income tax audits by taxing authorities for years before 2019. In other major jurisdictions, we are no longer subject to income tax audits by taxing authorities for years before 2014.
We are under normal recurring tax audits in the U.S. and in several jurisdictions outside the U.S. While it is often difficult to predict the final outcome or the timing of resolution of any particular uncertain tax position, we believe that our reserves for uncertain tax positions are adequate to cover existing risks and exposures.