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Derivative Instruments
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2023
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities Disclosure [Abstract]  
Derivative Instruments Derivative Instruments
From time to time, we enter into derivative instruments to manage the economic risk of changes in interest rates. We do not enter into derivative transactions for speculative or trading purposes. Designated hedges are derivatives that meet the criteria for hedge accounting and that we have elected to designate as hedges. Non-designated hedges are derivatives that do not meet the criteria for hedge accounting or that we did not elect to designate as hedges.
Designated Hedges
We have entered into various interest rate swap agreements, which are used to hedge the variable cash flows associated with variable-rate interest payments. Each of our swap agreements is designated for hedge accounting purposes and is currently indexed to either one month SOFR or one month LIBOR. On April 18, 2023, we completed a series of transactions related to certain of our variable rate debt and derivative agreements that were originally indexed to LIBOR to effectuate a transition to SOFR. While the original agreements provided for a prescribed transition to an alternate rate, this series of transactions amended or modified our Credit Facility and all of our LIBOR-indexed interest rate swap agreements such that each agreement is now indexed to SOFR. Pursuant to the terms of its underlying loan agreement, one of our mortgage loans, IH 2018-4, will remain indexed to LIBOR until the discontinuation thereof on June 30, 2023. At that time, the loan will transition to SOFR, and the related interest rap cap will be amended. See Note 2 for additional information about reference rate reform and our transition from LIBOR and Note 15 regarding the swap modifications that occurred subsequent to March 31, 2023. Changes in the fair value of these swaps are recorded in other comprehensive income and are subsequently reclassified into earnings in the period in which the hedged forecasted transactions affect earnings.
The table below summarizes our interest rate swap instruments as of March 31, 2023:
Agreement Date
Forward
Effective Date
Maturity
Date		Strike
Rate
Index(1)
Notional
Amount
April 19, 2018January 31, 2019January 31, 20252.86%One month LIBOR$400,000 
April 19, 2018March 15, 2019November 30, 20242.85%One month LIBOR400,000 
April 19, 2018March 15, 2019February 28, 20252.86%One month LIBOR400,000 
May 8, 2018March 9, 2020June 9, 20252.99%One month LIBOR325,000 
May 8, 2018June 9, 2020June 9, 20252.99%One month LIBOR595,000 
June 28, 2018August 7, 2020July 9, 20252.90%One month LIBOR1,100,000 
December 9, 2019July 15, 2021November 30, 20242.90%One month LIBOR400,000 
November 7, 2018March 15, 2022July 31, 20253.14%One month LIBOR200,000 
March 22, 2023July 9, 2025May 31, 20292.99%One month SOFR300,000 
(1)On April 18, 2023, we converted the variable rate on each of our interest rate swap agreements indexed to one month LIBOR to one month Term SOFR. These modifications did not change the notional amounts or maturity dates noted in the table above, and the new strike rates range from 2.78% to 3.08%. The effective date of these modifications varies based on the monthly interest re-set date within the existing interest rate swap agreements, and two of the agreements have an effective modification date of March 31, 2023. See Note 15 for additional information about these modifications.
During the three months ended March 31, 2022, we terminated interest rate swaps or portions thereof and paid the counterparties $13,292 in connection with these terminations. There were no such terminations during the three months ended March 31, 2023.
During the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022, the derivatives in the table above were used to hedge the variable cash flows associated with existing variable-rate interest payments. Amounts reported in accumulated other comprehensive income related to derivatives will be reclassified to interest expense as interest payments are made on our variable-rate debt. During the next 12 months, we estimate that $57,795 will be reclassified to earnings as a decrease in interest expense.
Non-Designated Hedges
Concurrent with entering into certain of the mortgage loan agreements and in connection with previous mergers, we entered into or acquired and maintain interest rate cap agreements with terms and notional amounts equivalent to the terms and amounts of the mortgage loans made by the third party lenders. Currently, each of our cap agreements is indexed to one month LIBOR, which will not be published after June 30, 2023. We will work with the counterparties to our cap agreements to adjust each floating rate to a comparable or successor rate. To the extent that the maturity date of one or more of the mortgage loans is extended through an exercise of one or more extension options, replacement or extension interest rate cap agreements must be executed with terms similar to those associated with the initial interest rate cap agreements and strike prices equal to the greater of the interest rate cap strike price and the interest rate at which the debt service coverage ratio (as defined) is not less than 1.2 to 1.0. The interest rate cap agreements, including all of our rights to payments owed by the counterparties and all other rights, have been pledged as additional collateral for the mortgage loans. Additionally, in certain instances, in order to minimize the cash impact of purchasing required interest rate caps, we simultaneously sell interest rate caps (which have identical terms and notional amounts) such that the purchase price and sales proceeds of the related interest rate caps are intended to offset each other. The purchased and sold interest rate caps have strike prices ranging from approximately 8.46% to 9.00%.
Fair Values of Derivative Instruments on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets
The table below presents the fair value of our derivative financial instruments as well as their classification on the condensed consolidated balance sheets as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022:
Asset DerivativesLiability Derivatives
Fair Value as ofFair Value as of
Balance
Sheet Location		March 31, 2023December 31, 2022Balance
Sheet Location		March 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate swapsOther assets$86,808 $119,157 Other liabilities$1,696 $— 
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate capsOther assets51 36 Other liabilities— — 
Total$86,859 $119,193 $1,696 $— 
Offsetting Derivatives
We enter into master netting arrangements, which reduce risk by permitting net settlement of transactions with the same counterparty. The tables below present a gross presentation, the effects of offsetting, and a net presentation of our derivatives as of March 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022:
March 31, 2023
Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Statement of Financial Position
Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets/ LiabilitiesGross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial PositionNet Amounts of Assets/ Liabilities Presented in the Statement of Financial PositionFinancial InstrumentsCash Collateral ReceivedNet
Amount
Offsetting assets:
Derivatives$86,859 $— $86,859 $— $— $86,859 
Offsetting liabilities:
Derivatives$1,696 $— $1,696 $— $— $1,696 
December 31, 2022
Gross Amounts Not Offset in the Statement of Financial Position
Gross Amounts of Recognized Assets/ LiabilitiesGross Amounts Offset in the Statement of Financial PositionNet Amounts of Assets/ Liabilities Presented in the Statement of Financial PositionFinancial InstrumentsCash Collateral ReceivedNet
Amount
Offsetting assets:
Derivatives$119,193 $— $119,193 $— $— $119,193 
Offsetting liabilities:
Derivatives$— $— $— $— $— $— 
Effect of Derivative Instruments on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) and the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
The tables below present the effect of our derivative financial instruments in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) and the condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three months ended March 31, 2023 and 2022:

Amount of Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI on DerivativeLocation of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Net IncomeAmount of Gain (Loss) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Net Income
Total Amount of Interest Expense Presented in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations
For the Three Months
Ended March 31,
For the Three Months
Ended March 31,
For the Three Months
Ended March 31,
202320222023202220232022
    Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships:
Interest rate swaps$(18,755)$176,065 Interest expense$12,981 $(31,228)$78,047 $74,389 

Location of
Gain
Recognized in
Net Income on Derivative		Amount of Gain Recognized in Net Income on Derivative
For the Three Months
Ended March 31,
20232022
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Interest rate capsInterest expense$(15)$(20)
Credit-Risk-Related Contingent Features
The agreements with our derivative counterparties which govern our interest rate swap agreements contain a provision where we could be declared in default on our derivative obligations if repayment of the underlying indebtedness is accelerated by the lender due to our default on the indebtedness.
As of March 31, 2023, the fair value of certain derivatives in a net liability position was $1,696. If we had breached any of these provisions at March 31, 2023, we could have been required to settle the obligations under the agreements at their termination value, which includes accrued interest and excludes the nonperformance risk related to these agreements, of $1,798.