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Stock-based Compensation and Other Stock Plans | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 30, 2017
Disclosure of Compensation Related Costs, Share-based Payments [Abstract] |
Stock-based Compensation and Other Stock Plans | Note 13: Stock-based Compensation and Other Stock Plans The 2011 Incentive Stock and Awards Plan (the “2011 Plan”) provides for the grant of stock options, performance awards, stock appreciation rights (“SARs”) and restricted stock awards (which may be designated as “restricted stock units” or “RSUs”). No further grants are being made under its predecessor, the 2001 Incentive Stock and Awards Plan (the “2001 Plan”), although outstanding awards under the 2001 Plan will continue in accordance with their terms. As of 2017 year end, the 2011 Plan had 3,296,859 shares available for future grants. The company uses treasury stock to deliver shares under both the 2001 and 2011 Plans. Net stock-based compensation expense was $30.3 million in 2017, $31.0 million in 2016 and $39.8 million in 2015. Cash received from stock purchase and option plan exercises was $46.2 million in 2017, $41.8 million in 2016 and $41.6 million in 2015. The tax benefit realized from both the exercise and vesting of share-based payment arrangements was $20.9 million in 2017, $24.8 million in 2016 and $26.4 million in 2015. Stock Options Stock options are granted with an exercise price equal to the market value of a share of Snap-on’s common stock on the date of grant and have a contractual term of ten years. Stock option grants vest ratably on the first, second and third anniversaries of the date of grant. The fair value of each stock option award is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes valuation model. The company uses historical data regarding stock option exercise and forfeiture behaviors for different participating groups to estimate the period of time that options granted are expected to be outstanding. Expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of the company’s stock for the length of time corresponding to the expected term of the option. The expected dividend yield is based on the company’s historical dividend payments. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. treasury yield curve on the grant date for the expected term of the option. The following weighted-average assumptions were used in calculating the fair value of stock options granted during 2017, 2016 and 2015, using the Black-Scholes valuation model:
|  | 2017 |  |  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |
Expected term of option (in years) |  |  | 5.15 |  |  |  | 5.05 |  |  |  | 4.76 |
Expected volatility factor |  |  | 22.01% |  |  |  | 22.17% |  |  |  | 24.13% |
Expected dividend yield |  |  | 1.63% |  |  |  | 1.77% |  |  |  | 2.04% |
Risk-free interest rate |  |  | 1.78% |  |  |  | 1.04% |  |  |  | 1.38% |
A summary of stock option activity during 2017 is presented below:
|  | Shares (in thousands) |  |  | Exercise Price per Share* |  |  | Remaining Contractual Term* (in years) |  |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in millions) |
Outstanding at beginning of year |  |  | 3,011 |  |  | $ | 100.78 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Granted |  |  | 655 |  |  |  | 168.71 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Exercised |  |  | (396) |  |  |  | 86.29 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Forfeited or expired |  |  | (72) |  |  |  | 153.53 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding at end of year |  |  | 3,198 |  |  |  | 115.30 |  |  |  | 6.4 |  |  | $ | 188.7 |
Exercisable at end of year |  |  | 1,990 |  |  |  | 91.27 |  |  |  | 5.1 |  |  |  | 165.2 |
* | Weighted-average
The weighted-average grant date fair value of options granted was $31.13 in 2017, $22.99 in 2016 and $25.64 in 2015. The intrinsic value of options exercised was $33.3 million in 2017, $35.2 million in 2016 and $37.6 million in 2015. The fair value of stock options vested was $14.0 million in 2017, $12.7 million in 2016 and $9.9 million in 2015. As of 2017 year end, there was $19.3 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock options that is expected to be recognized as a charge to earnings over a weighted-average period of 1.5 years. Performance Awards Performance awards, which are granted as performance share units (“PSUs”) and performance-based RSUs, are earned and expensed using the fair value of the award over a contractual term of three years based on the company’s performance. Vesting of the performance awards is dependent upon performance relative to pre-defined goals for revenue growth and return on net assets for the applicable performance period. For performance achieved above specified levels, the recipient may earn additional shares of stock, not to exceed 100% of the number of performance awards initially granted. The PSUs have a three-year performance period based on the results of the consolidated financial metrics of the company. The performance-based RSUs have a one-year performance period based on the results of the consolidated financial metrics of the company followed by a two-year cliff vesting schedule, assuming continued employment. The fair value of performance awards is calculated using the market value of a share of Snap-on’s common stock on the date of grant and assumed forfeitures based on recent historical experience; in recent years, forfeitures have not been significant. The weighted-average grant date fair value of performance awards granted during 2017, 2016 and 2015 was $168.70, $138.83 and $139.30, respectively. Vested PSUs totaled 50,316 shares as of 2017 year end, 61,149 shares as of 2016 year end and 94,186 shares as of 2015 year end. PSUs related to 60,980 shares, 94,186 shares and 130,764 shares were paid out in 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Earned PSUs are generally paid out following the conclusion of the applicable performance period upon approval by the Organization and Executive Compensation Committee of the company’s Board of Directors (the “Board”). Based on the company’s 2017 performance, 13,648 RSUs granted in 2017 were earned; assuming continued employment, these RSUs will vest at the end of fiscal 2019. Based on the company’s 2016 performance, 45,502 RSUs granted in 2016 were earned; assuming continued employment, these RSUs will vest at the end of fiscal 2018. Based on the company’s 2015 performance, 64,327 RSUs granted in 2015 were earned; these RSUs vested as of fiscal 2017 year end and were paid out shortly thereafter. Changes to the company’s non-vested performance awards in 2017 are as follows:
|  | Shares (in thousands) |  |  | Fair Value Price per Share* |
Non-vested performance awards at beginning of year |  |  | 207 |  |  | $ | 141.94 |
Granted |  |  | 77 |  |  |  | 168.70 |
Vested |  |  | (114) |  |  |  | 144.61 |
Cancellations and other |  |  | (38) |  |  |  | 159.80 |
Non-vested performance awards at end of year |  |  | 132 |  |  |  | 149.93 |
* | Weighted-average
As of 2017 year end, there was $9.5 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested performance awards that is expected to be recognized as a charge to earnings over a weighted-average period of 1.6 years. Stock Appreciation Rights (“SARs”) The company also issues stock-settled and cash-settled SARs to certain key non-U.S. employees. SARs have a contractual term of ten years and vest ratably on the first, second and third anniversaries of the date of grant. SARs are granted with an exercise price equal to the market value of a share of Snap-on’s common stock on the date of grant. Stock-settled SARs are accounted for as equity instruments and provide for the issuance of Snap-on common stock equal to the amount by which the company’s stock has appreciated over the exercise price. Stock-settled SARs have an effect on dilutive shares and shares outstanding as any appreciation of Snap-on’s common stock value over the exercise price will be settled in shares of common stock. Cash-settled SARs provide for the cash payment of the excess of the fair market value of Snap-on’s common stock price on the date of exercise over the grant price. Cash-settled SARs have no effect on dilutive shares or shares outstanding as any appreciation of Snap-on’s common stock over the grant price is paid in cash and not in common stock. The fair value of stock-settled SARs is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes valuation model. The fair value of cash-settled SARs is revalued (mark-to-market) each reporting period using the Black-Scholes valuation model based on Snap-on’s period-end stock price. The company uses historical data regarding SARs exercise and forfeiture behaviors for different participating groups to estimate the expected term of the SARs granted based on the period of time that similar instruments granted are expected to be outstanding. Expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of the company’s stock for the length of time corresponding to the expected term of the SARs. The expected dividend yield is based on the company’s historical dividend payments. The risk-free interest rate is based on the U.S. treasury yield curve in effect as of the grant date (for stock-settled SARs) or reporting date (for cash-settled SARs) for the length of time corresponding to the expected term of the SARs. The following weighted-average assumptions were used in calculating the fair value of stock-settled SARs granted during 2017, 2016 and 2015, using the Black-Scholes valuation model:
|  | 2017 |  |  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |
Expected term of stock-settled SARs (in years) |  |  | 3.99 |  |  |  | 4.03 |  |  |  | 4.72 |
Expected volatility factor |  |  | 19.39% |  |  |  | 20.09% |  |  |  | 23.66% |
Expected dividend yield |  |  | 1.46% |  |  |  | 1.66% |  |  |  | 2.04% |
Risk-free interest rate |  |  | 1.55% |  |  |  | 1.11% |  |  |  | 1.50% |
Changes to the company’s stock-settled SARs in 2017 are as follows:
|  | Stock-settled SARs (in thousands) |  | Exercise Price per Share* |  |  | Remaining Contractual Term* (in years) |  |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in millions) |
Outstanding at beginning of year |  | 303 |  | $ | 125.38 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Granted |  | 100 |  |  | 168.73 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Exercised |  | (13) |  |  | 103.16 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Forfeited or expired |  | (30) |  |  | 121.53 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding at end of year |  | 360 |  |  | 138.63 |  |  |  | 7.6 |  |  | $ | 12.8 |
Exercisable at end of year |  | 165 |  |  | 119.46 |  |  |  | 6.6 |  |  |  | 9.1 |
* | Weighted-average
The weighted-average grant date fair value of stock-settled SARs granted was $24.13 in 2017, $19.47 in 2016 and $25.37 in 2015. The intrinsic value of stock-settled SARs exercised was $0.9 million in 2017, $1.9 million in 2016 and $1.0 million in 2015. The fair value of stock-settled SARs vested was $2.1 million in both 2017 and 2016 and $1.4 million in 2015. As of 2017 year end there was $2.5 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested stock-settled SARs that is expected to be recognized as a charge to earnings over a weighted-average period of 1.5 years. The following weighted-average assumptions were used in calculating the fair value of cash-settled SARs granted during 2017, 2016 and 2015, using the Black-Scholes valuation model:
|  | 2017 |  |  | 2016 |  |  | 2015 |
Expected term of cash-settled SARs (in years) |  |  | 3.09 |  |  |  | 3.11 |  |  |  | 3.10 |
Expected volatility factor |  |  | 19.93% |  |  |  | 19.53% |  |  |  | 18.14% |
Expected dividend yield |  |  | 1.59% |  |  |  | 1.56% |  |  |  | 1.69% |
Risk-free interest rate |  |  | 1.98% |  |  |  | 1.47% |  |  |  | 1.31% |
The intrinsic value of cash-settled SARs exercised was $1.6 million in 2017, $3.3 million in 2016 and $11.0 million in 2015. The fair value of cash-settled SARs vested during both 2017 and 2016 was $0.2 million and was $4.6 million in 2015. Changes to the company’s non-vested cash-settled SARs in 2017 are as follows:
|  | Cash-settled SARs (in thousands) |  | Fair Value Price per Share* |
Non-vested cash-settled SARs at beginning of year |  | 7 |  | $ | 40.83 |
Granted |  | 1 |  |  | 26.36 |
Vested |  | (3) |  |  | 46.16 |
Non-vested cash-settled SARs at end of year |  | 5 |  |  | 35.41 |
* | Weighted-average
As of 2017 year end there was $0.2 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested cash-settled SARs that is expected to be recognized as a charge to earnings over a weighted-average period of 1.1 years. Restricted Stock Awards – Non-employee Directors The company awarded 6,966 shares, 7,145 shares and 8,640 shares of restricted stock to non-employee directors in 2017, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The fair value of the restricted stock awards is expensed over a one-year vesting period based on the fair value on the date of grant. All restrictions for the restricted stock generally lapse upon the earlier of the first anniversary of the grant date, the recipient’s death or disability or in the event of a change in control, as defined in the 2011 Plan. If termination of the recipient’s service occurs prior to the first anniversary of the grant date for any reason other than death or disability, the shares of restricted stock would be forfeited, unless otherwise determined by the Board. Directors’ Fee Plan Under the Directors’ 1993 Fee Plan, as amended, non-employee directors may elect to receive up to 100% of their fees and retainer in shares of Snap-on’s common stock. Directors may elect to defer receipt of all or part of these shares. For 2017, 2016 and 2015, issuances under the Directors’ Fee Plan totaled 1,800 shares, 2,579 shares and 2,747 shares, respectively, of which 1,312 shares, 2,019 shares and 1,969 shares, respectively, were deferred. As of 2017 year end, shares reserved for issuance to directors under this plan totaled 169,080 shares. Employee Stock Purchase Plan Substantially all Snap-on employees in the United States and Canada are eligible to participate in an employee stock purchase plan. The purchase price of the company’s common stock to participants is the lesser of the mean of the high and low price of the stock on the beginning date (May 15) or ending date (the following May 14) of each plan year. For 2017, 2016 and 2015, issuances under this plan totaled 26,963 shares, 27,156 shares and 57,324 shares, respectively. As of 2017 year end, shares reserved for issuance under this plan totaled 753,600 shares and Snap-on held participant contributions of approximately $2.5 million. Participants are able to withdraw from the plan at any time prior to the ending date and receive back all contributions made during the plan year. Compensation expense for plan participants was $0.1 million in 2017, zero in 2016 and $2.3 million in 2015. Franchisee Stock Purchase Plan All franchisees in the United States and Canada are eligible to participate in a franchisee stock purchase plan. The purchase price of the company’s common stock to participants is the lesser of the mean of the high and low price of the stock on the beginning date (May 15) or ending date (the following May 14) of each plan year. For 2017, 2016 and 2015, issuances under this plan totaled 47,314 shares, 42,867 shares and 74,001 shares, respectively. As of 2017 year end, shares reserved for issuance under this plan totaled 566,155 shares and Snap-on held participant contributions of approximately $4.8 million. Participants are able to withdraw from the plan at any time prior to the ending date and receive back all contributions made during the plan year. The company recognized mark-to-market expense of $0.2 million in 2017, a mark-to-market benefit of $0.2 million in 2016, and mark-to-market expense of $2.9 million in 2015.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for compensation-related costs for equity-based compensation, which may include disclosure of policies, compensation plan details, allocation of equity compensation, incentive distributions, equity-based arrangements to obtain goods and services, deferred compensation arrangements, employee stock ownership plan details and employee stock purchase plan details. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 718 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2228938 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 505 -SubTopic 50 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/subtopic&trid=2208855 + Details
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