Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets

12 Months Ended

Dec. 28, 2019

Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by segment for 2019 and 2018 are as follows:


(Amounts in millions)	Commercial & Industrial Group		Snap-on Tools Group		Repair Systems & Information Group		Total
Balance as of 2017 year end	$	298.4	$	12.5	$	613.2	$	924.1
Currency translation	(16.3)		—		(9.7)		(26.0)
Acquisitions	4.1		—		—		4.1
Balance as of 2018 year end	$	286.2	$	12.5	$	603.5	$	902.2
Currency translation	(6.4)		—		(1.1)		(7.5)
Acquisitions	6.4		—		12.7		19.1
Balance as of 2019 year end	$	286.2	$	12.5	$	615.1	$	913.8

Goodwill of $913.8 million as of 2019 year end includes: (i) $11.4 million, on a preliminary basis, from the acquisition of Cognitran; (ii) $6.4 million from the acquisition of Power Hawk; and (iii) $1.3 million from the acquisition of TMB. The goodwill from the Cognitran and TMB acquisitions is included in the Repair Systems & Information Group. The goodwill from the Power Hawk acquisition is included in the Commercial & Industrial Group.

Goodwill of $902.2 million as of 2018 year end includes $2.6 million from the acquisition of Fastorq in 2018. During 2018, the purchase accounting valuations for the acquired net assets, including intangible assets, of Norbar and TCS were completed, resulting in an increase in goodwill of $1.4 million for Norbar and $0.1 million for TCS, which were both acquired in 2017. As of 2018 year end goodwill includes $25.1 million from the acquisition of Norbar and $2.0 million from the acquisition of TCS. The goodwill from the Fastorq, Norbar and TCS acquisitions is included in the Commercial & Industrial Group.

See Note 3 for additional information on acquisitions.

Additional disclosures related to other intangible assets as of 2019 and 2018 year end are as follows:


	2019						2018
(Amounts in millions)	Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization		Gross Carrying Value		Accumulated Amortization
Amortized other intangible assets:
Customer relationships	$	182.9	$	(117.9)	$	172.2	$	(107.6)
Developed technology	19.8		(18.9)		18.5		(18.3)
Internally developed software	168.0		(125.4)		156.6		(116.6)
Patents	38.5		(23.7)		35.7		(22.9)
Trademarks	3.5		(2.1)		3.2		(2.0)
Other	7.3		(3.1)		7.3		(2.9)
Total	420.0		(291.1)		393.5		(270.3)
Non-amortized trademarks	115.0		—		109.7		—
Total other intangible assets	$	535.0	$	(291.1)	$	503.2	$	(270.3)

As of year-end 2019, the gross carrying value of customer relationships includes $10.2 million related to the Cognitran acquisition and $0.9 million related to the Power Hawk acquisition. Additionally, the gross carrying value of intangible assets in 2019 includes $6.5 million of non-amortized trademarks and $1.1 million of developed technology as a result of the Cognitran acquisition. There were no acquisitions during 2018 that resulted in the recognition of other intangible assets as of year-end 2018.

Significant and unanticipated changes in circumstances, such as declines in profitability and cash flow due to significant and long-term deterioration in macroeconomic, industry and market conditions, the loss of key customers, changes in technology or markets, significant changes in key personnel or litigation, a significant and sustained decrease in share price and/or other events, including effects from the sale or disposal of a reporting unit, could require a provision for impairment of goodwill and/or other intangible assets in a future period. As of 2019 year end, the company had no accumulated impairment losses.

The weighted-average amortization periods related to other intangible assets are as follows:


						In Years
Customer relationships						15
Developed technology						2
Internally developed software						6
Patents						7
Trademarks						5
Other						39

Snap-on is amortizing its customer relationships on both an accelerated and straight-line basis over a 15 year weighted-average life; the remaining intangibles are amortized on a straight-line basis. The weighted-average amortization period for all amortizable intangibles on a combined basis is 12 years.

The company’s customer relationships generally have contractual terms of three to five years and are typically renewed without significant cost to the company. The weighted-average 15 year life for customer relationships is based on the company’s historical renewal experience. Intangible asset renewal costs are expensed as incurred.

The aggregate amortization expense was $22.3 million in 2019, $25.3 million in 2018 and $27.6 million in 2017. Based on current levels of amortizable intangible assets and estimated weighted-average useful lives, estimated annual amortization expense is expected to be $21.4 million in 2020, $18.9 million in 2021, $15.4 million in 2022, $13.2 million in 2023, and $10.6 million in 2024.