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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2025
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Basis of Presentation and Principles of Consolidation The accompanying consolidated financial statements and related notes have been prepared by the Company in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“U.S. GAAP”) and the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company, AST LLC and its subsidiaries. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated upon consolidation. Certain comparative amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current period presentation. These reclassifications had no effect on the reported results of operations. As the Company is the sole managing member of AST LLC and has full, exclusive and complete discretion to manage and control the business of AST LLC and to take all actions it deems necessary, appropriate, advisable, incidental, or convenient to accomplish the purposes of AST LLC, the financial statements of AST LLC and its subsidiaries have been prepared on a consolidated basis with the Company. Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. The Company bases its estimates and assumptions on historical experience when available and on other market-specific or other relevant assumptions that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Significant estimates and assumptions reflected in these financial statements include, but are not limited to, useful lives assigned to property and equipment, the fair values of warrant liabilities, potential impairment of long-lived assets and indefinite-lived intangibles, and equity-based compensation expense. The Company assesses estimates on an ongoing basis; however, actual results could materially differ from those estimates due to risks and uncertainties, including the continued uncertainty surrounding rapidly changing market and economic conditions due to geopolitical conflicts and macroeconomic conditions including changes in inflation and interest rates. Related Parties and Related Party Transactions A related party is a person who has the ability to exert significant influence over the Company and may include executive officers and directors, including members of their immediate families, shareholders owning more than 10% of the Company’s voting securities, or other entities deemed to be affiliates, as defined in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 850, Related Party Disclosures (“ASC 850”). The Company assesses its related parties and applicable disclosures on a quarterly basis, considering all relevant facts and circumstances. According to the Company’s Stockholders’ Agreement, as amended, certain investors of the Company have the right to nominate directors to the Company’s Board of Directors. These investors include AT&T, Vodafone, American Tower and Antares Technologies. However, none of these investors have ownership rights or any voting rights that qualify them as related parties under ASC 850. Therefore, the Company has concluded that none of these investors with board representation are related parties as of December 31, 2025, and no disclosures under ASC 850 are required for these investors. On July 7, 2025, the Company and Vodafone entered into an agreement to create a jointly-owned European satellite service business (“SatCo”). As an equity method investee, SatCo is a related party of the Company under ASC 850. S ee Note 16 Vodafone Joint Venture for further details. Foreign Currency Translation and Transaction Gains and Losses The financial statements of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries are translated from local currency into reporting currency, which is U.S. dollars, using the current exchange rate at the balance sheet date for assets and liabilities, and the weighted average exchange rate prevailing during the period for revenues and expenses. The functional currency of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries is the local currency for each entity and, accordingly, translation adjustments for these subsidiaries are included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) wi thin stockholders’ equity. Realized and unrealized gains and losses resulting from foreign currency transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are reflected as other (expense) income, net in the consolidated statements of operations. Segment Operating segments are defined as components of an entity for which separate financial information is available and that is regularly reviewed by the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) in deciding how to allocate resources to an individual segment and in assessing performance. The Company’s CODM is its Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. The Company has determined that it operates in one operating segment, as the CODM reviews financial information presented on a consolidated basis for purposes of making operating decisions, allocating resources, and evaluating financial performance. Consolidated net loss before allocation to noncontrolling interest is the reported measure of segment profit or loss and is the primary measure used by the CODM to assess segment performance and decide how to allocate resources. This measure is used to monitor operating results, compare actual performance to internal budgets and forecasts, evaluate performance relative to strategic objectives, and determine the level of operating and capital resources required. Consolidated net loss before allocation to noncontrolling interest is presented in the consolidated statements of operations as revenues less total operating expenses and other segment items. Other segment items include loss and gain on remeasurement of warrant liabilities, interest income and expense, and income taxes expense. Other segment items also include induced conversion expense related to the repurchases of the 2032 4.25% Convertible Notes, loss on extinguishment of debt, and a charge for penalty paid in accordance with a contractual agreement for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, respectively. The measure of segment assets is reported on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as total assets. Cash and Cash Equivalents The Company’s cash equivalents consist of short-term money market funds. The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity date of 90 days or less at the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash is primarily maintained at Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”) insured financial institutions. The Company maintains its cash in accounts at financial institutions that the Company believes are of high credit quality. At times, the cash balance may exceed federally insured limits. The Company's foreign subsidiaries may deposit cash at institutions that are not insured by the FDIC. Interest income earned on cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash is reported under interest income in the consolidated statement of operations. Cash and cash equivalents and restricted cash as of December 31, 2025 are subject to minimal credit risk. Restricted Cash Restricted cash represents cash held in escrow and deposit accounts. These funds are restricted as to withdrawal or use under the terms of the contractual agreements. Property and Equipment Property and equipment are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation. The cost of self-constructed BB satellite assets consists of direct materials, direct labor, launch costs, and other direct costs attributable to bringing the asset to a working condition and desired location for the intended use. Costs incurred, including direct materials purchased, launch payments made, direct labor costs and overheads such as launch insurance and satellite transportation costs to the launch site, until the completion of the construction and launch of the BB satellites are reported as satellite materials, satellites under construction, and advance launch payments within construction-in-progress. Once launched in orbit, the costs of the BB satellites are reported as satellites in orbit and depreciation of the satellites commences once the BB satellites are ready for their intended use. To date, the Company has capitalized five Block 1 BB satellites which are reported as part of satellites in orbit within property and equipment. The Block 1 BB satellites were reclassified from Construction in progress to Satellites in orbit as of October 29, 2024, the date they were determined to be ready for their intended use, and are depreciated over their expected remaining useful lives of approximately 60 months. The Company capitalizes the costs of the test satellites if there is an alternative future use for the test satellites. The Company capitalizes only those expenditures and ancillary costs that are directly attributable to assembly and testing and necessarily incurred to place the test satellites into their intended location and use. These costs include materials costs, launch cost, and other non-recurring costs directly associated with the development of the test satellites. The other non-recurring costs primarily include third-party vendors who are hired solely for the design, assembly, and testing of the test satellite and are responsible for the value and progression of the project. The costs for internal recurring engineering employees and consultants are expensed as engineering services costs and not capitalized to the cost of the test satellites, as these employees are not directly associated with the development of the test satellites. To date, the Company has capitalized one test satellite, BW3, which is reported as part of satellites in orbit within property and equipment. BW3 test satellite was capitalized in 2023 and has been fully depreciated in August 2024. The Company capitalizes the costs of software obtained for internal use in accordance with the guidance for accounting for costs of computer software obtained for internal use. Capitalization of software obtained for internal use commences during the development phase of the project and ends when the asset is ready for its intended use. Software obtained for internal use is generally amortized on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful life and included within property and equipment on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet. Capitalized costs of software obtained for internal use for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023 were $17.5 million, $13.5 million and $7.0 million, respectively, all of which were developed by third parties to the Company. Amortization of capitalized internal use software for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 was approximately $1.4 million and $1.1 million, respectively. No amortization was recognized for the year ended December 31, 2023. The Company records depreciation in a manner that recognizes the cost of its depreciable assets over their estimated useful lives primarily using the straight-line method. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the terms of the underlying leases or the estimated useful lives of the improvements. Repairs and maintenance costs that do not extend the useful life or enhance the productive capacity of an asset are expensed as incurred. Upon retirement or disposal of property and equipment, the Company derecognizes the cost and accumulated depreciation balance associated with the asset, with a resulting gain or loss from disposal included in the determination of net income or loss. The Company depreciates the assets over the estimated useful lives as follows:
| Estimated Useful Life
Building and building improvements | 10 to 30 years
Computers, software, and equipment | 2 to 10 years
Leasehold improvements | Shorter of estimated useful life or lease term
Satellite antennas | 5 years
Satellites in orbit | 2 to 7 years
Lab, assembly, and integration equipment | 2 to 10 years
Others (1) | 5 to 7 years
(1) Includes vehicles, furniture and fixtures, and a phased array test facility. Cloud Computing Software Implementation Costs Cloud computing software implementation costs incurred in hosting arrangements are capitalized and reported as a component of Other current assets and Other non-current assets in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Once available for their intended use, these costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over their respective contract service periods, including periods covered by any reasonably probable options to extend, ranging from three to five years. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, capitalized costs, net of accumulated amortization, totaled $2.9 million and $0.7 million, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, amortization expense associated with hosting arrangements was $0.4 million, $0.8 million and $0.2 million, respectively, and recognized within General and administrative costs in the consolidated statements of operations. Impairment of Long Lived Assets Long-lived assets consist of property and equipment and operating lease right-of-use assets. Long-lived assets are tested for recoverability whenever events or changes in business circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be fully recoverable. The Company continually evaluates whether events or circumstances have occurred that indicate that the estimated remaining useful life of long-lived assets may warrant revision or if events or circumstances indicate that the carrying value of these assets may be impaired. To compute whether assets have been impaired, the estimated undiscounted future cash flows for the estimated remaining useful life of the assets are compared to the carrying value. To the extent that the future cash flows are less than the carrying value, the assets are written down to the estimated fair value of the asset. There were no impairment charges for long-lived assets recognized for the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023. Warrant Liabilities The Company accounts for warrants as either equity-classified or liability-classified instruments based on an assessment of the warrant’s specific terms and applicable authoritative guidance in ASC 480, Distinguishing Liabilities from Equity (“ASC 480”), and ASC 815, Derivatives and Hedging (“ASC 815”). Management’s assessment considers whether the warrants are freestanding financial instruments pursuant to ASC 480, whether they meet the definition of a liability pursuant to ASC 480, and whether the warrants meet all of the requirements for equity classification under ASC 815, including whether the warrants are indexed to the Company’s own Common Stock and whether the warrant holders could potentially require “net cash settlement” in a circumstance outside of the Company’s control, among other conditions for equity classification. This assessment, which requires the use of professional judgment, is conducted at the time of warrant issuance and as of each subsequent quarterly period-end date while the warrants are outstanding. Issued or modified warrants that meet all of the criteria for equity classification are recorded as a component of additional paid-in capital at the time of issuance. Issued or modified warrants that do not meet all the criteria for equity classification are recorded as a liability at their initial fair value on the date of issuance and subject to remeasurement each balance sheet date with changes in the estimated fair value of the warrants to be recognized as an unrealized gain or loss in the consolidated statements of operations. Fair Value Measurements The Company measures certain assets and liabilities at fair value, either upon initial recognition or for subsequent accounting or reporting. The fair value of the financial instruments is not necessarily representative of the amount that could be realized or settled, nor does the fair value amount consider the tax consequences of realization or settlement. In assessing the fair value of financial instruments, the Company uses a variety of methods and assumptions, which are based on estimates of market conditions and risks existing at the time. The Company uses the following valuation techniques to measure fair value for its assets and liabilities: • Level 1: Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities. • Level 2: Observable inputs other than Level 1 inputs. Examples of Level 2 inputs include quoted prices in active markets for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable such as interest rate and yield curves, and market-corroborated inputs. • Level 3: Unobservable inputs based on the Company's assessment of the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. Revenue Recognition Revenue generated from sales of goods and services is recognized when a customer obtains control of promised goods or services in accordance with ASC 606, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. During the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized $44.4 million, $0.5 million and $0 million of Products revenue from the sale of gateway equipment and related software to MNOs. These arrangements typically involve multiple performance obligations, which include hardware, software, and optional installation and support services. Revenue for hardware and software sales is recognized at a point in time when control transfers to the customer, which is generally upon delivery of the equipment and activation of the software. Revenue for installation and support services is generally recognized as services are performed. During the years ended December 31, 2025, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized $26.5 million , $3.9 million, and $0 million of Services revenue mainly from performance obligations completed under agreements with the U.S. Government to date either directly as a prime contractor or indirectly through prime contractors. Under these arrangements, the Company has provided testing and other development services designed to enable future service capabilities. These contracts typically contain a single performance obligation and include a series of fixed-price milestones for which the Company has the right to invoice upon completion and customer acceptance. The Company recognizes revenue from these contracts over time when milestones are achieved and accepted by the customer, which reflects the pattern by which the Company satisfies its performance obligation through the transfer of service to the customer. Additionally, the Company has definitive commercial agreements with MNOs to provide SpaceMobile Service. These arrangements contain multiple performance obligations, including sale of gateway equipment hardware and software and a stand ready obligation to provide SpaceMobile Service. Revenue for SpaceMobile Service will be recognized over the life of the contract, beginning when AST provides MNOs access to its satellite network. To date, the Company has not recognized any revenues from its SpaceMobile Service. The Company defers revenue and recognizes contract liabilities in the event the performance obligations are not satisfied for which payment has been received. As of December 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, $227.0 million and $42.0 million, respectively, of current and non-current contract liabilities were recorded for advance consideration received from customers for which the associated performance obligations were not yet satisfied. The significant increase in contract liabilities during the year ended December 31, 2025 was primarily due to advance payments received from MNOs related to the provision of SpaceMobile Service. The amount of revenue recognized for the year ended December 31, 2025 that was included in the December 31, 2024 contract liability balance was approximately $6.4 million. Revenue allocated to remaining performance obligations, which includes contract liabilities and amounts that will be invoiced and recognized as revenue in future periods, was approximately $1.2 billion as of December 31, 2025. The Company expects to recognize approximately 9.0% of its remaining performance obligations as revenue over the next 12 months and the remainder thereafter. The Company’s contracts with MNOs to provide SpaceMobile Service contain multiple performance obligations. Revenue allocated to remaining SpaceMobile Service performance obligations does not include variable consideration that has not been included in the transaction price, specifically consideration from revenue sharing with MNOs based on revenue generated from end customers’ usage of the satellite services. That consideration is constrained due to the uncertainty about the amount of the consideration to be received, which may not be resolved for a period of time. Intangible Assets The Company’s intangible assets consist of the spectrum usage rights of up to 45 MHz of lower mid-band satellite spectrum in the United States and Canada for direct-to-device satellite applications and certain S-Band International Telecommunication Union (“ITU”) priority rights to Mobile Satellite Services frequencies in the range of 1980-2010 MHz and 2170-2200 MHz, for use in LEO. The Company capitalizes spectrum payments, regulatory filing and other direct costs incurred to ready the spectrum usage rights for their intended use as an intangible asset. The Company will commence amortization of the spectrum usage rights once applicable regulatory approvals are received and the asset is considered ready for its intended use. The Company determined that the S-Band ITU priority rights is an indefinite-lived intangible asset as there are currently no legal, regulatory, contractual, competitive, economic or other factors that limit the useful life of its priority rights. The Company will re-evaluate the useful life determination each year to determine whether events and circumstances continue to support an indefinite useful life. The Company tests its definite and indefinite-lived intangible assets for potential impairment annually or more frequently if impairment indicators are present. The Company has the option to first perform a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is necessary to perform a quantitative impairment test. However, the Company may elect to bypass the qualitative assessment in any period and proceed directly to performing the quantitative impairment test. See Note 14 Spectrum Usage Rights and Related Financing and Note 15 Global S-Band Spectrum Priority Rights Acquisition for further details. Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses Accounts receivable are reported net of an allowance for credit losses that are not expected to be recovered. The Company recognizes the allowance for credit losses at inception of sales and reassesses quarterly based on management’s expectation of the asset’s collectability. The allowance is based on multiple factors including historical experience with bad debts, the credit quality of the customer base, the aging of such receivables and current macroeconomic conditions. The Company elected the practical expe dient, available as part of the early adoption of ASU 2025-05 (see below), not to consider management’s expectations of conditions in the future for current accounts receivable and current contract assets arising from transactions accounted for under ASC 606. The Company’s contractual payment terms with its customers average between 60 to 90 days. As of December 31, 2025, the majority of outstanding accounts receivable are considered current. For the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company’s customers had high credit ratings and the allowance for credit losses was immaterial. Inventory Inventory consists of gateway equipment held for sale and is stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Cost is determined using the weighted-average cost method and includes the average purchase price of equipment acquired, inbound freight, and other direct costs necessary to prepare the equipment for sale. Net realizable value represents the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation. The Company periodically reviews inventory on hand and records provisions for excess, slow-moving, or obsolete inventory based on historical usage, expected demand, and technological obsolescence among other factors. Inventory write-downs are recorded as a component of cost of revenues and are not subsequently reversed. Engineering Services Costs Engineering services costs are charged to expense as incu rred. Engineering services costs consist primarily of the cost of employees and consultants involved in designing and developing the BB satellites, managing the network and satellite operations centers, and indirectly supporting the assembly, integration and testing of the BB satellites, license cost, and general expenses related to AIT facilities and engineering development centers. General and Administrative Costs General and administrative costs primarily consist of compensation and related expenses for non-engineering personnel, office and facilities expenses, and professional services, including legal fees, accounting, and public relations. These costs also include insurance, software licensing and subscriptions. Research and Development Costs Research and development costs are charged to expense as incurred. Research and development costs consist principally of development activities in which the Company typically engages third-party vendors for the design and development of the electronic componentry, software, and mechanical deployment systems and materials and supplies consumed in the development activities. Stock-Based Compensation The Company accounts for equity awards, including grants of stock options, restricted stock and restricted stock units, in accordance with ASC 718, Compensation – Stock Compensation (“ASC 718”). ASC 718 requires all equity-based payments to employees, which includes grants of employee equity awards, to be recognized in the consolidated statements of operations based on their grant date fair values. The Company issues stock-based compensation awards to the employees, non-employees, and non-employee members of the Board of Directors. The Company accounts for stock-based compensation for awards granted to non-employees in a similar fashion to the way it accounts for stock-based compensation awards to employees. The Company estimates the grant date fair value of stock options granted to employees, non-employees, and non-employee members of the Board of Directors using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Use of the Black-Scholes model requires the Company to make assumptions with respect to the expected term of stock options, the expected volatility of the Common Stock consistent with the expected life of the option, risk-free interest rates and expected dividend yields of the Common Stock. The fair value of restricted stock and restricted stock units granted to employees, non-employees and non-employee members of the Board of Directors is based on the fair value of the Company’s stock on the grant date. For awards that vest based solely on achievement of a service condition, the Company recognizes expense on a straight-line basis over the period during which the award holder provides such services. For awards that vest based on both service and performance conditions, the Company recognizes expense using a graded method for such awards only to the extent it believes achievement of the performance conditions is probable. The Company recognizes forfeitures as they occur and reverses any previously recognized compensation cost associated with forfeited awards. The Company accounts for the compensation associated with equity awards by offsetting expense with additional paid-in capital. The Company’s less than wholly owned subsidiary, AST LLC, has issued stock-based compensation awards to its employees, non-employees, and non-employee members of the Board of Directors. The exercise of these awards decreases the Company’s ownership interest in AST LLC. The Company accounts for the compensation associated with these awards similarly to the awards described above; however, the offset to the expense is recorded to noncontrolling interest rather than additional paid-in capital. Income Taxes The Company follows the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes under ASC 740, Income Taxes (“ASC 740”). Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statements carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that included the enactment date. In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considered whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. Management considers the scheduled reversal of deferred tax liabilities, projected future taxable income, and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. ASC 740 prescribes a recognition threshold and a measurement attribute for the recognition and measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. For those benefits to be recognized, a tax position must be more likely than not (i.e., a likelihood of more than 50%) to be sustained upon examination by taxing authorities. A recognized tax position is then measured at the largest amount of benefit with greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement. The Company recognizes accrued interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions as income tax expense. Th ere were no uncertain tax positions and no amounts accrued for interest and penalties as of December 31, 2025 and 2024. The Company is currently not aware of any issues under review that could result in significant payments, accruals or material deviation from its position. Noncontrolling Interests The noncontrolling interests primarily represent the equity interest in AST LLC held by members other than the Company. Changes in the Company’s ownership interest in AST LLC while retaining control of AST LLC are accounted for as equity transactions. Income or loss is attributed to the noncontrolling interests based on their contractual distribution rights, and the relative percentages of equity interest held by the Company and the other members during the period. Net Loss per Share The Company reports both basic and diluted net loss per share. Basic net loss per share is calculated based on the weighted average number of shares of Common Stock outstanding and excludes the dilutive effect of warrants, stock options, and other types of convertible securities. Diluted net loss per share is calculated based on the weighted average number of shares of Common Stock outstanding and the dilutive effect of stock options, warrants and other types of convertible securities is included in the calculation. Dilutive securities are excluded from the diluted net loss per share calculation in periods where the Company reports a net loss as such dilutive securities have an anti-dilutive effect on net loss per share. Recently Adopted and Issued Accounting Pronouncements In November 2024, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2024-04, Induced Conversions of Convertible Debt Instruments, which clarifies the requirements for determining whether certain settlements of convertible debt instruments should be accounted for as an induced conversion. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2025 and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. The Company early adopted the new standard, effective January 1, 2025, on a prospective basis, and the accounting requirements of this ASU have been reflected in the Company’s accounting for the repurchase of a portion of the 2032 4.25% Convertible Notes in the consolidated financial statements. In July 2025, FASB issued ASU 2025-05, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses for Accounts Receivable and Contract Assets (“ASU 2025-05”), which amends ASC 326-20, Financial Instruments – Credit Losses – Measured at Amortized Cost to introduce a practical expedient that permits entities to assume that current conditions as of the balance sheet date do not change for the remaining life of current accounts receivable and/or current contract assets arising from transactions accounted for under ASC 606. The standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2025, including interim periods within those annual periods. The Company early adopted the new standard, effective January 1, 2025, on a prospective basis, and the accounting requirements of this ASU have been reflected in the Company’s evaluation of allowance for accounts receivable in the consolidated financial statements. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740), Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures (“ASU 2023-09”). ASU 2023-09 requires a public business entity (PBE) to disclose, on an annual basis, a tabular rate reconciliation using both percentages and currency amounts, broken out into specified categories with certain reconciling items further broken out by nature and jurisdiction to the extent those items exceed a specified threshold. In addition, all entities are required to disclose income taxes paid, net of refunds received disaggregated by federal, state/local, and foreign and by jurisdiction if the amount is at least 5% of total income tax payments, net of refunds received. The Company adopted the ASU for annual periods beginning January 1, 2025 and the adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Future Adoption of Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income – Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, which is intended to improve the disclosures of expenses by providing more detailed information about the types of expenses in commonly presented expense captions. The standard is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The standard can be applied either prospectively or retrospectively. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of adopting this ASU on the presentation of its consolidated financial statements. In September 2025, FASB issued ASU 2025-06, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other – Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software (“ASU 2025-06”). ASU 2025-06 modernizes the accounting for internal-use software costs by eliminating the prescriptive "project stage" model and introducing a principles-based framework that is intended to better reflect current software development practices. The amendment is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027, and interim reporting periods within those annual reporting periods. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impacts of adopting this ASU on its consolidated financial statements. All other new accounting pronouncements issued, but not yet effective or adopted, have been deemed to be not relevant to the Company and, accordingly, are not expected to have a material impact once adopted.

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