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Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2025

Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]

Schedule of Components of Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes

The components of income (loss) before income taxes were as follows (in thousands):

	Year ended December 31,
	2025				2024				2023
United States	$	(463,858	)		$	(529,258	)		$	(230,487	)
Foreign		6,745				4,256				9,491
Total	$	(457,113	)		$	(525,002	)		$	(220,996	)

Schedule of Income Tax Expense (Benefit)

The income tax expense was as follows (in thousands):

	Year ended December 31,
	2025				2024				2023
Current:
Federal	$	-			$	-			$	-
State		-				-				-
Foreign		6,453				1,997				2,576
Total current		6,453				1,997				2,576
Deferred:
Federal		-				-				-
State		-				-				-
Foreign		(2,555	)			(669	)			(895	)
Total deferred		(2,555	)			(669	)			(895	)
Total income tax provision	$	3,898			$	1,328			$	1,681

Schedule of Income Taxes Paid

Income taxes paid for the year ended December 31, 2025 are as follows (in thousands):

	2025
Federal	$	-
State		-
Foreign
Saudi Arabia		4,000
Foreign other		2,798
Total cash paid for income taxes (net of refunds)	$	6,798

Summary of the Differences Between the Effective Income Tax Rate and the Statutory U.S. Federal Income Tax Rate

The differences between the effective income tax rate and the statutory U.S. federal income tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2025 are as follows (dollars in thousands):

	Year ended December 31, 2025
	Amount				Percent
U.S. federal statutory tax rate		(95,994	)			21	%
State and local income tax, net of federal (national) income tax effect(1)		(11	)			0	%
Foreign tax effects		2,481				(1	%)
Effect of cross-border tax laws		1,296				0	%
Tax credits
Research and development tax credit		(11,162	)			2	%
Changes in valuation allowances		66,265				(14	%)
Nontaxable or non-deductible items
Changes in fair value of warrant liability		14,312				(3	%)
Non-controlling interest		21,154				(5	%)
Non-deductible compensation		5,557				(1	%)
Effective tax rate		3,898				(1	%)

(1)State taxes in California and Massachusetts make up the majority (greater than 50 percent) of the tax effect in this category.

The differences between the effective income tax rate and the statutory U.S. federal income tax rate for years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

	Year ended December 31,
	2024				2023
Statutory U.S. federal income tax rate		21	%			21	%
Income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest and non taxable income (loss)		(4	%)			(13	%)
Changes in fair value of warrant liabilities		(11	%)			1	%
Change in valuation allowance		(7	%)			(10	%)
Research and development credit		1	%			1	%
Other		0	%			(1	%)
Effective income tax rate		0	%			(1	%)

Schedule Of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

Significant components of deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows (in thousands):

	As of December 31,
	2025				2024
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards	$	125,765			$	56,006
Basis difference in the equity of AST LLC		457,008				140,668
Research and development credit		25,243				13,223
Other		14,578				3,829
Total gross deferred tax assets		622,594				213,726
Less valuation allowance:		(618,440	)			(212,127	)
Net deferred tax assets		4,154				1,599
Deferred tax liabilities:
Intangibles		(14,902	)			-
Total gross deferred tax liabilities		(14,902	)			-
Net deferred tax (liabilities) assets	$	(10,748	)		$	1,599

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