10-Q 1 wst10q63017.htm 10-Q

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

þ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended June 30, 2017
or

¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to
Commission File Number 1-8036

WEST PHARMACEUTICAL SERVICES, INC. (Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Pennsylvania | 23-1210010
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)
530 Herman O. West Drive, Exton, PA | 19341-0645
(Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code)

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: 610-594-2900
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | þ |  | Accelerated filer | o
Non-accelerated filer | o | (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) | Smaller reporting company | o
|  |  | Emerging growth company | o

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes o No þ
As of June 30, 2017, there were 74,002,454 shares of the Registrant’s common stock outstanding.

Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS

|  | Page
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
ITEM 1. | FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED) |
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Income for the Three and Six Months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 | 3
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Three and Six Months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 | 4
| Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016 | 5
| Condensed Consolidated Statement of Equity for the Six Months ended June 30, 2017 | 6
| Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Six Months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016 | 7
| Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 8
ITEM 2. | MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS | 22
ITEM 3. | QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK | 35
ITEM 4. | CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES | 35
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION |
ITEM 1. | LEGAL PROCEEDINGS | 35
ITEM 1A. | RISK FACTORS | 35
ITEM 2. | UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS | 36
ITEM 6. | EXHIBITS | 36
SIGNATURE |  | 37
EXHIBIT INDEX |  | F-1

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (UNAUDITED)
West Pharmaceutical Services, Inc. and Subsidiaries
(In millions, except per share data)

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Net sales | $ | 397.6 |  |  | $ | 388.0 |  |  | $ | 785.3 |  |  | $ | 750.1 |
Cost of goods and services sold | 272.6 |  |  | 254.7 |  |  | 526.2 |  |  | 493.5 |
Gross profit | 125.0 |  |  | 133.3 |  |  | 259.1 |  |  | 256.6 |
Research and development | 10.0 |  |  | 8.8 |  |  | 20.3 |  |  | 18.2 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses | 60.6 |  |  | 62.5 |  |  | 122.2 |  |  | 120.6 |
Other expense (Note 12) | 11.7 |  |  | 0.8 |  |  | 12.6 |  |  | 26.6 |
Operating profit | 42.7 |  |  | 61.2 |  |  | 104.0 |  |  | 91.2 |
Interest expense | 2.3 |  |  | 2.0 |  |  | 4.4 |  |  | 4.5 |
Interest income | 0.3 |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | 0.6 |  |  | 0.6 |
Income before income taxes | 40.7 |  |  | 59.5 |  |  | 100.2 |  |  | 87.3 |
Income tax expense | 2.9 |  |  | 17.0 |  |  | 5.1 |  |  | 23.9 |
Equity in net income of affiliated companies | 1.0 |  |  | 2.2 |  |  | 4.6 |  |  | 3.5 |
Net income | $ | 38.8 |  |  | $ | 44.7 |  |  | $ | 99.7 |  |  | $ | 66.9 |
Net income per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 0.53 |  |  | $ | 0.61 |  |  | $ | 1.35 |  |  | $ | 0.92 |
Diluted | $ | 0.51 |  |  | $ | 0.60 |  |  | $ | 1.32 |  |  | $ | 0.90 |
Weighted average shares outstanding: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | 73.9 |  |  | 73.3 |  |  | 73.6 |  |  | 72.9 |
Diluted | 75.8 |  |  | 74.8 |  |  | 75.7 |  |  | 74.5 |
Dividends declared per share | $ | 0.13 |  |  | $ | 0.12 |  |  | $ | 0.26 |  |  | $ | 0.24 |

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)
West Pharmaceutical Services, Inc. and Subsidiaries
(In millions)

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Net income | $ | 38.8 |  |  | $ | 44.7 |  |  | $ | 99.7 |  |  | $ | 66.9 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustments | 36.3 |  |  | (4.9 | ) |  | 42.2 |  |  | 10.0 |
Defined benefit pension and other postretirement plan adjustments, net of tax of $(0.3), $0.4, $(0.4) and $0.6, respectively | (0.8 | ) |  | 1.2 |  |  | (0.9 | ) |  | 1.6 |
Net loss on investment securities, net of tax of $(3.0) and $(2.9), respectively | (5.4 | ) |  | — |  |  | (5.1 | ) |  | — |
Net (loss) gain on derivatives, net of tax of $(1.1), $0.7, $(0.3) and $0.5, respectively | (2.9 | ) |  | 1.4 |  |  | (1.2 | ) |  | 0.7 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | 27.2 |  |  | (2.3 | ) |  | 35.0 |  |  | 12.3 |
Comprehensive income | $ | 66.0 |  |  | $ | 42.4 |  |  | $ | 134.7 |  |  | $ | 79.2 |

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)
West Pharmaceutical Services, Inc. and Subsidiaries
(In millions, except per share data)

| June 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
ASSETS |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 226.6 |  |  | $ | 203.0 |
Accounts receivable, net | 242.4 |  |  | 200.5 |
Inventories | 211.3 |  |  | 199.3 |
Other current assets | 37.5 |  |  | 39.1 |
Total current assets | 717.8 |  |  | 641.9 |
Property, plant and equipment | 1,646.7 |  |  | 1,554.7 |
Less: accumulated depreciation and amortization | 834.9 |  |  | 776.4 |
Property, plant and equipment, net | 811.8 |  |  | 778.3 |
Investments in affiliated companies | 83.6 |  |  | 82.7 |
Goodwill | 105.8 |  |  | 103.0 |
Deferred income taxes | 85.1 |  |  | 66.2 |
Intangible assets, net | 22.9 |  |  | 23.3 |
Other noncurrent assets | 16.0 |  |  | 21.3 |
Total Assets | $ | 1,843.0 |  |  | $ | 1,716.7 |
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |  |  |
Notes payable and other current debt | $ | 33.8 |  |  | $ | 2.4 |
Accounts payable | 130.9 |  |  | 122.0 |
Pension and other postretirement benefits | 2.3 |  |  | 2.2 |
Accrued salaries, wages and benefits | 48.1 |  |  | 51.6 |
Income taxes payable | 2.4 |  |  | 4.5 |
Other current liabilities | 71.5 |  |  | 58.3 |
Total current liabilities | 289.0 |  |  | 241.0 |
Long-term debt | 195.7 |  |  | 226.2 |
Deferred income taxes | 9.2 |  |  | 9.2 |
Pension and other postretirement benefits | 60.1 |  |  | 75.6 |
Other long-term liabilities | 46.6 |  |  | 47.2 |
Total Liabilities | 600.6 |  |  | 599.2 |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 14) |  |  |  |  |
Equity: |  |  |
Preferred stock, 3.0 million shares authorized; 0 shares issued and outstanding | — |  |  | — |
Common stock, $0.25 par value; 100.0 million shares authorized; issued: 74.8 million and 73.7 million; outstanding: 74.0 million and 73.1 million | 18.7 |  |  | 18.4 |
Capital in excess of par value | 292.3 |  |  | 260.4 |
Retained earnings | 1,148.0 |  |  | 1,071.6 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (151.8 | ) |  | (186.8 | )
Treasury stock, at cost (0.8 million and 0.6 million shares) | (64.8 | ) |  | (46.1 | )
Total Equity | 1,242.4 |  |  | 1,117.5 |
Total Liabilities and Equity | $ | 1,843.0 |  |  | $ | 1,716.7 |

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF EQUITY (UNAUDITED)
West Pharmaceutical Services, Inc. and Subsidiaries
(In millions)

| Common Stock |  | Capital in Excess of Par Value |  | Treasury Stock |  | Retained earnings |  | Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income |  | Total
| Shares |  | Amount |  |  |  |  |
Balance, December 31, 2016 | 73.7 |  |  | $ | 18.4 |  |  | $ | 260.4 |  |  | $ | (46.1 | ) |  | $ | 1,071.6 |  |  | $ | (186.8 | ) |  | $ | 1,117.5 |
Effect of modified retrospective application of a new accounting standard (see Note 2) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4.1 | ) |  | — |  |  | (4.1 | )
Net income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 99.7 |  |  | — |  |  | 99.7 |
Stock-based compensation | — |  |  | — |  |  | (0.4 | ) |  | 7.5 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7.1 |
Shares issued under stock plans | 1.1 |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | 28.0 |  |  | 4.1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 32.4 |
Shares purchased under share repurchase program | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (26.9 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (26.9 | )
Shares repurchased for employee tax withholdings | — |  |  | — |  |  | (0.4 | ) |  | (3.4 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3.8 | )
Dividends declared | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (19.2 | ) |  | — |  |  | (19.2 | )
Other adjustments to capital in excess of par value | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4.7 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4.7 |
Other comprehensive income, net of tax | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 35.0 |  |  | 35.0 |
Balance, June 30, 2017 | 74.8 |  |  | $ | 18.7 |  |  | $ | 292.3 |  |  | $ | (64.8 | ) |  | $ | 1,148.0 |  |  | $ | (151.8 | ) |  | $ | 1,242.4 |

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)
West Pharmaceutical Services, Inc. and Subsidiaries
(In millions)

| Six Months Ended June 30,
| 2017 |  | 2016
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |
Net income | $ | 99.7 |  |  | $ | 66.9 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation | 45.4 |  |  | 43.7 |
Amortization | 1.4 |  |  | 1.3 |
Stock-based compensation | 9.0 |  |  | 9.5 |
Non-cash restructuring charges | — |  |  | 15.0 |
Venezuela deconsolidation | 11.1 |  |  | — |
Other non-cash items, net | (3.6 | ) |  | 3.3 |
Changes in assets and liabilities | (57.0 | ) |  | (60.5 | )
Net cash provided by operating activities | 106.0 |  |  | 79.2 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |  |  |
Capital expenditures | (67.0 | ) |  | (74.0 | )
Purchase of cost-method investment | — |  |  | (8.4 | )
Cash related to deconsolidated Venezuelan subsidiary | (6.0 | ) |  | — |
Other, net | 2.8 |  |  | 1.2 |
Net cash used in investing activities | (70.2 | ) |  | (81.2 | )
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |  |  |
Repayments of long-term debt | (1.2 | ) |  | (68.6 | )
Dividend payments | (19.1 | ) |  | (17.5 | )
Excess tax benefits from employee stock plans | — |  |  | 13.1 |
Shares purchased under share repurchase program | (26.9 | ) |  | (17.2 | )
Shares repurchased for employee tax withholdings | (3.8 | ) |  | (3.7 | )
Proceeds from exercise of stock options and stock appreciation rights | 29.5 |  |  | 19.7 |
Employee stock purchase plan contributions | 2.2 |  |  | 1.7 |
Contingent consideration payments | (0.2 | ) |  | — |
Net cash used in financing activities | (19.5 | ) |  | (72.5 | )
Effect of exchange rates on cash | 7.3 |  |  | 2.6 |
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents | 23.6 |  |  | (71.9 | )
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period | 203.0 |  |  | 274.6 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period | $ | 226.6 |  |  | $ | 202.7 |

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
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NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
Note 1: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation: The condensed consolidated financial statements included in this report are unaudited and have been prepared in accordance with United States (“U.S.”) generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) for interim financial reporting and U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) regulations. The year-end condensed consolidated balance sheet data was derived from audited financial statements, but does not include all disclosures required by U.S. GAAP. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in annual financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted. In the opinion of management, these financial statements include all adjustments, which are of a normal recurring nature, necessary for a fair statement of the financial position, results of operations, cash flows and the change in equity for the periods presented. The condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto of West Pharmaceutical Services, Inc. and its majority-owned subsidiaries (which may be referred to as “West”, the “Company”, “we”, “us” or “our”) appearing in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 (the “2016 Annual Report”). The results of operations for any interim period are not necessarily indicative of results for the full year.
Beginning with the three months ended June 30, 2017, our consolidated financial statements exclude the results of our Venezuelan subsidiary. Please refer to Note 12, Other Expense, for further discussion.
Note 2: New Accounting Standards
Recently Adopted Standards
In January 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued guidance which removes the second step of the goodwill impairment test. A goodwill impairment charge will now be the amount by which a reporting unit's carrying amount exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2019. Early adoption is permitted. We adopted this guidance as of January 1, 2017, on a prospective basis. The adoption did not have a material impact on our financial statements.
In January 2017, the FASB issued guidance which clarifies the definition of a business to assist entities with evaluating whether transactions should be accounted for as acquisitions (or disposals) of assets or businesses. This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2017. We adopted this guidance as of January 1, 2017, on a prospective basis. The adoption did not have a material impact on our financial statements.
In October 2016, the FASB issued guidance which requires companies to recognize the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory when the transfer occurs. This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted. We adopted this guidance as of January 1, 2017, on a modified retrospective basis. As a result of the adoption, a cumulative-effect adjustment of $4.1 million was recorded within retained earnings in our condensed consolidated balance sheet as of January 1, 2017, for unamortized tax expense previously deferred and previously unrecognized deferred tax assets.
In March 2016, the FASB issued guidance that simplifies several aspects of the accounting for share-based payment transactions, including income tax consequences, classification of awards as either equity or liabilities, and classification on the statement of cash flows. We adopted this guidance as of January 1, 2017, on a prospective basis as it relates to the timing or recognition and classification of share-based compensation award-related income tax effects. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, we recorded a tax benefit of $9.6 million and $25.5 million, respectively, within income tax expense in our condensed consolidated statement of income. These tax benefits were recorded within capital in excess of par value in our condensed consolidated balance sheet in the prior-
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year period. Also per the amended guidance, we classified the $25.5 million of excess tax benefits within net cash provided by operating activities in our condensed consolidated statement of cash flows, rather than net cash used in financing activities, which included the excess tax benefits for the six months ended June 30, 2016. The amended guidance allows entities to account for award forfeitures as they occur, however, we have elected to continue to estimate forfeitures expected to occur to determine the amount of compensation cost to be recognized in each period. We expect to record additional tax benefits throughout 2017.
In March 2016, the FASB issued guidance that simplifies the transition to the equity method of accounting. This guidance eliminates the requirement to retroactively adopt the equity method of accounting when there is an increase in the level of ownership interest or degree of influence. We adopted this guidance as of January 1, 2017, on a prospective basis. The adoption did not have a material impact on our financial statements.
In July 2015, the FASB issued guidance regarding the subsequent measurement of inventory. This guidance requires inventory measured using any method other than last-in, first-out or the retail inventory method to be measured at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Net realizable value represents estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal and transportation. We adopted this guidance as of January 1, 2017, on a prospective basis. The adoption did not have a material impact on our financial statements.
Standards Issued Not Yet Adopted
In May 2017, the FASB issued guidance which amends the scope of modification accounting for share-based payment arrangements. The guidance focuses on changes to the terms or conditions of share-based payment awards that would require the application of modification accounting and specifies that an entity would not apply modification accounting if its fair value, vesting conditions and classification of the awards are the same immediately before and after the modification. This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact that this guidance will have on our financial statements.
In March 2017, the FASB issued guidance on the presentation of net periodic pension and postretirement benefit cost (net benefit cost). The guidance requires the bifurcation of net benefit cost. The service cost component will be presented with other employee compensation costs in operating income (or capitalized in assets) and the other components will be reported separately outside of operations, and will not be eligible for capitalization. This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact that this guidance will have on our financial statements.
In November 2016, the FASB issued guidance on the classification and presentation of restricted cash in the statement of cash flows. This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted. As of June 30, 2017, we had no restricted cash.
In August 2016, the FASB issued guidance to reduce the diversity in how certain cash receipts and cash payments are presented and classified in the statement of cash flows. This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted. We are currently evaluating the impact that this guidance will have on our financial statements.
In February 2016, the FASB issued guidance on the accounting for leases. This guidance requires lessees to recognize lease assets and lease liabilities on the balance sheet and to expand disclosures about leasing arrangements, both qualitative and quantitative. In terms of transition, the guidance requires adoption based upon a modified retrospective approach. This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2018. We are currently evaluating the impact that this guidance will have on our financial statements. As of June 30, 2017, future minimum rental payments under non-cancelable operating leases were $71.8 million.
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In January 2016, the FASB issued guidance that addresses certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial instruments. This guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those years, beginning after December 15, 2017. We believe that the adoption of this guidance will not have a material impact on our financial statements.
In May 2014, the FASB issued guidance on the accounting for revenue from contracts with customers that will supersede most existing revenue recognition guidance, including industry-specific guidance. The core principle requires an entity to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. In addition, the guidance requires enhanced disclosures regarding the nature, timing and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from an entity's contracts with customers. The FASB subsequently issued additional clarifying standards to address issues arising from implementation of the new revenue recognition standard. This guidance is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning on or after December 15, 2017. Early adoption is permitted as of one year prior to the current effective date. Entities can choose to apply the guidance using either a full retrospective approach or a modified retrospective approach. We continue to make progress towards completion of our evaluation of the potential impact that the adoption of this guidance will have on our financial statements. Based on the results of the procedures performed through June 30, 2017, we believe that the adoption of this guidance will not have a material impact on our financial statements and we expect to apply the guidance using the modified retrospective approach. We also continue to review the impact that the adoption of this guidance will have on our financial statement disclosures.
Note 3: Net Income Per Share
The following table reconciles the shares used in the calculation of basic net income per share to those used for diluted net income per share:

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
(In millions) | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Net income | $ | 38.8 |  |  | $ | 44.7 |  |  | $ | 99.7 |  |  | $ | 66.9 |
Weighted average common shares outstanding | 73.9 |  |  | 73.3 |  |  | 73.6 |  |  | 72.9 |
Dilutive effect of equity awards, based on the treasury stock method | 1.9 |  |  | 1.5 |  |  | 2.1 |  |  | 1.6 |
Weighted average shares assuming dilution | 75.8 |  |  | 74.8 |  |  | 75.7 |  |  | 74.5 |

During the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, there were 0.5 million and 0.1 million shares, respectively, from stock-based compensation plans not included in the computation of diluted net income per share because their impact was antidilutive. There were 0.3 million and 0.4 million antidilutive shares outstanding during the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.
In December 2016, we announced a share repurchase program authorizing the repurchase of up to 800,000 shares of our common stock from time to time on the open market or in privately-negotiated transactions as permitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 Rule 10b-18. The number of shares to be repurchased and the timing of such transactions will depend on a variety of factors, including market conditions. The program commenced on January 1, 2017 and is expected to be completed by December 31, 2017. There were no shares purchased during the three months ended June 30, 2017. During the six months ended June 30, 2017, we purchased 325,000 shares of our common stock under the program at a cost of $26.9 million, or an average price of $82.84 per share.
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Note 4: Inventories
Inventories are valued at the lower of cost (on a first-in, first-out basis) and net realizable value. Inventory balances were as follows:

($ in millions) | June 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
Raw materials | $ | 85.5 |  |  | $ | 78.0 |
Work in process | 33.3 |  |  | 28.9 |
Finished goods | 92.5 |  |  | 92.4 |
| $ | 211.3 |  |  | $ | 199.3 |

Note 5: Affiliated Companies
At June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the aggregate carrying amount of investments in equity-method affiliates was $70.2 million and $69.3 million, respectively, and the aggregate carrying amount of cost-method investments, for which fair value was not readily determinable, was $13.4 million at both period-ends. We test our cost-method investments for impairment whenever circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the investments may not be recoverable. Please refer to Note 5, Affiliated Companies, to the consolidated financial statements in our 2016 Annual Report for additional details.
Note 6: Debt
The following table summarizes our long-term debt obligations, net of unamortized debt issuance costs and current maturities. The interest rates shown in parentheses are as of June 30, 2017.

($ in millions) | June 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
Term loan, due January 1, 2018 (2.55%) | $ | 33.7 |  |  | $ | 34.9 |
Note payable, due December 31, 2019 | 0.2 |  |  | 0.2 |
Credit Facility, due October 15, 2020 (1.00%) | 28.4 |  |  | 26.4 |
Series A notes, due July 5, 2022 (3.67%) | 42.0 |  |  | 42.0 |
Series B notes, due July 5, 2024 (3.82%) | 53.0 |  |  | 53.0 |
Series C notes, due July 5, 2027 (4.02%) | 73.0 |  |  | 73.0 |
| 230.3 |  |  | 229.5 |
Less: unamortized debt issuance costs | 0.8 |  |  | 0.9 |
Total debt | 229.5 |  |  | 228.6 |
Less: current portion of long-term debt | 33.8 |  |  | 2.4 |
Long-term debt, net | $ | 195.7 |  |  | $ | 226.2 |

Please refer to Note 8, Debt, to the consolidated financial statements in our 2016 Annual Report for additional details regarding our debt agreements.
At June 30, 2017, we had $28.4 million in outstanding long-term borrowings under our $300.0 million multi-currency revolving credit facility (the “Credit Facility”), of which $4.5 million was denominated in Japanese Yen (“Yen”) and $23.9 million was denominated in Euro. These borrowings, together with outstanding letters of credit of $3.0 million, resulted in an available borrowing capacity under the Credit Facility of $268.6 million at June 30, 2017. Please refer to Note 7, Derivative Financial Instruments, for a discussion of the foreign currency hedges associated with this facility.
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In addition, at June 30, 2017, we had $33.7 million outstanding under our five-year term loan due January 2018, all of which was classified as current. Please refer to Note 7, Derivative Financial Instruments, for a discussion of the interest-rate swap agreement associated with this loan.
Note 7: Derivative Financial Instruments
Our ongoing business operations expose us to various risks such as fluctuating interest rates, foreign exchange rates and increasing commodity prices. To manage these market risks, we periodically enter into derivative financial instruments such as interest rate swaps, options and foreign exchange contracts for periods consistent with and for notional amounts equal to or less than the related underlying exposures. We do not purchase or hold any derivative financial instruments for investment or trading purposes. All derivatives are recorded in our condensed consolidated balance sheet at fair value.
Interest Rate Risk
At June 30, 2017, we had a $33.7 million forward-start interest rate swap outstanding that hedges the variability in cash flows due to changes in the applicable interest rate of our variable-rate five-year term loan. Under this swap, we receive variable interest rate payments based on one-month London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) plus a margin in return for making monthly fixed interest payments at 5.41%. We designated this swap as a cash flow hedge.
Foreign Exchange Rate Risk
We have entered into forward exchange contracts, designated as fair value hedges, to manage our exposure to fluctuating foreign exchange rates on cross-currency intercompany loans. As of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, the total amount of these forward exchange contracts was €73.0 million and €57.5 million, respectively.
In addition, we have entered into several foreign currency contracts, designated as cash flow hedges, for periods of up to eighteen months, intended to hedge the currency risk associated with a portion of our forecasted transactions denominated in foreign currencies. As of June 30, 2017, we had outstanding foreign currency contracts to purchase and sell certain pairs of currencies, as follows:

(in millions) |  |  | Sell
Currency | Purchase |  | U. S. Dollar (“USD”) | Euro
USD | 38.2 |  |  | — |  | 35.6 |
Yen | 4,082.1 |  |  | 24.0 |  | 11.5 |
Singapore Dollar | 25.6 |  |  | 12.4 |  | 5.3 |

At June 30, 2017, a portion of our debt consisted of borrowings denominated in currencies other than USD. We have designated our €21.0 million ($23.9 million) Euro-denominated borrowings under our Credit Facility as a hedge of our net investment in certain European subsidiaries. A cumulative foreign currency translation loss of $0.1 million pre-tax ($0.1 million after tax) on this debt was recorded within accumulated other comprehensive loss as of June 30, 2017. We have also designated our ¥500.0 million ($4.5 million) Yen-denominated borrowings under our Credit Facility as a hedge of our net investment in Daikyo Seiko, Ltd. (“Daikyo”). At June 30, 2017, there was a cumulative foreign currency translation loss on this Yen-denominated debt of $0.3 million pre-tax ($0.2 million after tax), which was also included within accumulated other comprehensive loss.
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Commodity Price Risk
Many of our proprietary products are made from synthetic elastomers, which are derived from the petroleum refining process. We purchase the majority of our elastomers via long-term supply contracts, some of which contain clauses that provide for surcharges related to fluctuations in crude oil prices. The following economic hedges did not qualify for hedge accounting treatment since they did not meet the highly effective requirement at inception.
In November 2016, we purchased a series of call options for a total of 96,525 barrels of crude oil to mitigate our exposure to such oil-based surcharges and protect operating cash flows with regards to a portion of our forecasted elastomer purchases through November 2017. With these contracts, we may benefit from an increase in crude oil prices, as there is no downward exposure other than the $0.2 million premium that we paid to purchase the contracts.
During the three months ended June 30, 2017, the loss recorded in cost of goods and services sold related to these call options was less than $0.1 million. During the six months ended June 30, 2017, the loss recorded in cost of goods and services sold related to these call options was $0.2 million.
As of June 30, 2017, we had outstanding contracts to purchase 43,875 barrels of crude oil, at a strike price of $60 per barrel.
Effects of Derivative Instruments on Financial Position and Results of Operations
Please refer to Note 8, Fair Value Measurements, for the balance sheet location and fair values of our derivative instruments as of June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016.
The following table summarizes the effects of derivative instruments designated as hedges on other comprehensive income (“OCI”) and earnings, net of tax:

| Amount of (Loss) Gain Recognized in OCI for the |  | Amount of Loss (Gain) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income for the |  | Location of Loss (Gain) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income
| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Three Months Ended June 30, |
($ in millions) | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  |
Cash Flow Hedges: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency hedge contracts | $ | (1.2 | ) |  | $ | 0.3 |  |  | $ | 0.2 |  |  | $ | 0.1 |  |  | Net sales
Foreign currency hedge contracts | (2.2 | ) |  | 0.9 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | — |  |  | Cost of goods and services sold
Interest rate swap contracts | — |  |  | (0.1 | ) |  | 0.2 |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | Interest expense
Total | $ | (3.4 | ) |  | $ | 1.1 |  |  | $ | 0.5 |  |  | $ | 0.3 |  |  |
Net Investment Hedges: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency-denominated debt | $ | (0.9 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | Other expense
Total | $ | (0.9 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |

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| Amount of (Loss) Gain Recognized in OCI for the |  | Amount of Loss (Gain) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income for the |  | Location of Loss (Gain) Reclassified from Accumulated OCI into Income
| Six Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |
($ in millions) | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  |
Cash Flow Hedges: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency hedge contracts | $ | (0.9 | ) |  | $ | (0.3 | ) |  | $ | 0.3 |  |  | $ | 0.1 |  |  | Net sales
Foreign currency hedge contracts | (1.1 | ) |  | 0.6 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | — |  |  | Cost of goods and services sold
Interest rate swap contracts | — |  |  | (0.2 | ) |  | 0.3 |  |  | 0.4 |  |  | Interest expense
Forward treasury locks | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | Interest expense
Total | $ | (2.0 | ) |  | $ | 0.1 |  |  | $ | 0.8 |  |  | $ | 0.6 |  |  |
Net Investment Hedges: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency-denominated debt | $ | (1.2 | ) |  | $ | (1.1 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | Other expense
Total | $ | (1.2 | ) |  | $ | (1.1 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, there was no material ineffectiveness related to our hedges.
Note 8: Fair Value Measurements
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The following fair value hierarchy classifies the inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into one of three levels:

• | Level 1: Unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

• | Level 2: Inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. These include quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets and quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities in markets that are not active.

• | Level 3: Unobservable inputs that reflect the reporting entity’s own assumptions.

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The following tables present the assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring basis:

| Balance at |  | Basis of Fair Value Measurements
($ in millions) | June 30, 2017 |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deferred compensation assets | $ | 8.0 |  |  | $ | 8.0 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Foreign currency contracts | 0.1 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | — |
| $ | 8.1 |  |  | $ | 8.0 |  |  | $ | 0.1 |  |  | $ | — |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Contingent consideration | $ | 8.5 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 8.5 |
Deferred compensation liabilities | 9.6 |  |  | 9.6 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Interest rate swap contract | 0.4 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.4 |  |  | — |
Foreign currency contracts | 4.9 |  |  | — |  |  | 4.9 |  |  | — |
| $ | 23.4 |  |  | $ | 9.6 |  |  | $ | 5.3 |  |  | $ | 8.5 |

| Balance at |  | Basis of Fair Value Measurements
($ in millions) | December 31, 2016 |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Deferred compensation assets | $ | 7.4 |  |  | $ | 7.4 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Foreign currency contracts | 0.2 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | — |
| $ | 7.6 |  |  | $ | 7.4 |  |  | $ | 0.2 |  |  | $ | — |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Contingent consideration | $ | 8.0 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 8.0 |
Deferred compensation liabilities | 8.4 |  |  | 8.4 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Interest rate swap contract | 1.0 |  |  | — |  |  | 1.0 |  |  | — |
Foreign currency contracts | 1.6 |  |  | — |  |  | 1.6 |  |  | — |
| $ | 19.0 |  |  | $ | 8.4 |  |  | $ | 2.6 |  |  | $ | 8.0 |

Deferred compensation assets are included within other noncurrent assets and are valued using a market approach based on quoted market prices in an active market. The fair value of our foreign currency contracts, included within other current assets and other current liabilities, is valued using an income approach based on quoted forward foreign exchange rates and spot rates at the reporting date. The fair value of our contingent consideration, included within other current and other long-term liabilities, is discussed further in the section related to Level 3 fair value measurements. The fair value of deferred compensation liabilities is based on quoted prices of the underlying employees’ investment selections and is included within other long-term liabilities. Our interest rate swap, included within other current and other long-term liabilities, is valued based on the terms of the contract and observable market inputs (i.e., LIBOR, Eurodollar synthetic forwards and swap spreads). Please refer to Note 7, Derivative Financial Instruments, for further discussion of our derivatives.
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Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
The fair value of the contingent consideration liability related to the SmartDose technology platform (the “SmartDose contingent consideration”) was initially determined using a probability-weighted income approach, and is revalued at each reporting date or more frequently if circumstances dictate. Changes in the fair value of this obligation are recorded as income or expense within other expense in our condensed consolidated statements of income. The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement of the SmartDose contingent consideration are the sales projections, the probability of success factors, and the discount rate. Significant increases or decreases in any of those inputs in isolation would result in a significantly lower or higher fair value measurement. As development and commercialization of the SmartDose technology platform progresses, we may need to update the sales projections, the probability of success factors, and the discount rate used. This could result in a material increase or decrease to the SmartDose contingent consideration.
The following table provides a summary of changes in our Level 3 fair value measurements:

| ($ in millions)
Balance, December 31, 2015 | $ | 6.0 |
Increase in fair value recorded in earnings | 2.3 |
Payments | (0.3 | )
Balance, December 31, 2016 | 8.0 |
Increase in fair value recorded in earnings | 0.7 |
Payments | (0.2 | )
Balance, June 30, 2017 | $ | 8.5 |

Other Financial Instruments
We believe that the carrying amounts of our cash and cash equivalents and accounts receivable approximate their fair values due to their near-term maturities.
The estimated fair value of long-term debt is based on quoted market prices for debt issuances with similar terms and maturities and is classified as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy. At June 30, 2017, the estimated fair value of long-term debt was $199.3 million compared to a carrying amount of $195.7 million. At December 31, 2016, the estimated fair value of long-term debt was $228.3 million and the carrying amount was $226.2 million.
Note 9: Stock-Based Compensation
The West Pharmaceutical Services, Inc. 2016 Omnibus Incentive Compensation Plan (the “2016 Plan”) provides for the granting of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards and performance awards to employees and non-employee directors. A committee of the Board of Directors determines the terms and conditions of awards to be granted. Vesting requirements vary by award. At June 30, 2017, there were 4,617,729 shares remaining in the 2016 Plan for future grants.
During the six months ended June 30, 2017, we granted 437,452 stock options at a weighted average exercise price of $83.92 per share based on the grant-date fair value of our stock to key employees under the 2016 Plan. The weighted average grant date fair value of options granted was $18.05 per share as determined by the Black-Scholes option valuation model using the following weighted average assumptions: a risk-free interest rate of 2.05%; expected life of 5.9 years based on prior experience; stock volatility of 19.9% based on historical data; and a dividend yield of 0.7%. Stock option expense is recognized over the vesting period, net of forfeitures.
During the six months ended June 30, 2017, we granted 90,429 performance share unit (“PSU”) awards at a weighted average grant-date fair value of $83.89 per share to key employees under the 2016 Plan. Each PSU award entitles the holder to one share of our common stock if the annual growth rate of revenue and return on invested
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capital targets are achieved over a three-year performance period. Shares earned under PSU awards may vary from 0% to 200% of an employee’s targeted award. The fair value of PSU awards is based on the market price of our stock at the grant date and is recognized as expense over the performance period, adjusted for estimated target outcomes and net of forfeitures.
Total stock-based compensation expense was $5.5 million and $9.0 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, stock-based compensation expense was $4.9 million and $9.5 million, respectively.
Note 10: Benefit Plans
The components of net periodic benefit cost for the three months ended June 30 were as follows ($ in millions):

| Pension benefits |  | Other retirement benefits |  | Total
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Service cost | $ | 2.6 |  |  | $ | 2.7 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 0.1 |  |  | $ | 2.6 |  |  | $ | 2.8 |
Interest cost | 2.4 |  |  | 2.6 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | 0.1 |  |  | 2.5 |  |  | 2.7 |
Expected return on assets | (3.3 | ) |  | (3.2 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3.3 | ) |  | (3.2 | )
Amortization of prior service credit | (0.4 | ) |  | (0.3 | ) |  | (0.2 | ) |  | — |  |  | (0.6 | ) |  | (0.3 | )
Recognized actuarial losses (gains) | 1.2 |  |  | 1.1 |  |  | (0.4 | ) |  | (0.3 | ) |  | 0.8 |  |  | 0.8 |
Net periodic benefit cost | $ | 2.5 |  |  | $ | 2.9 |  |  | $ | (0.5 | ) |  | $ | (0.1 | ) |  | $ | 2.0 |  |  | $ | 2.8 |

| Pension benefits |  | Other retirement benefits |  | Total
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
U.S. plans | $ | 1.8 |  |  | $ | 2.3 |  |  | $ | (0.5 | ) |  | $ | (0.1 | ) |  | $ | 1.3 |  |  | $ | 2.2 |
International plans | 0.7 |  |  | 0.6 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 0.7 |  |  | 0.6 |
Net periodic benefit cost | $ | 2.5 |  |  | $ | 2.9 |  |  | $ | (0.5 | ) |  | $ | (0.1 | ) |  | $ | 2.0 |  |  | $ | 2.8 |

The components of net periodic benefit cost for the six months ended June 30 were as follows ($ in millions):

| Pension benefits |  | Other retirement benefits |  | Total
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Service cost | $ | 5.3 |  |  | $ | 5.3 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 0.3 |  |  | $ | 5.3 |  |  | $ | 5.6 |
Interest cost | 4.9 |  |  | 5.2 |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | 5.1 |  |  | 5.4 |
Expected return on assets | (6.7 | ) |  | (6.3 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (6.7 | ) |  | (6.3 | )
Amortization of prior service credit | (0.7 | ) |  | (0.7 | ) |  | (0.4 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1.1 | ) |  | (0.7 | )
Recognized actuarial losses (gains) | 2.4 |  |  | 2.3 |  |  | (1.1 | ) |  | (0.7 | ) |  | 1.3 |  |  | 1.6 |
Net periodic benefit cost | $ | 5.2 |  |  | $ | 5.8 |  |  | $ | (1.3 | ) |  | $ | (0.2 | ) |  | $ | 3.9 |  |  | $ | 5.6 |

| Pension benefits |  | Other retirement benefits |  | Total
| 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
U.S. plans | $ | 3.8 |  |  | $ | 4.6 |  |  | $ | (1.3 | ) |  | $ | (0.2 | ) |  | $ | 2.5 |  |  | $ | 4.4 |
International plans | 1.4 |  |  | 1.2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1.4 |  |  | 1.2 |
Net periodic benefit cost | $ | 5.2 |  |  | $ | 5.8 |  |  | $ | (1.3 | ) |  | $ | (0.2 | ) |  | $ | 3.9 |  |  | $ | 5.6 |

During the six months ended June 30, 2017, we contributed $20.0 million to our U.S. qualified pension plan.
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Note 11: Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
The following table presents the changes in the components of accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, for the six months ended June 30, 2017:

($ in millions) | Losses on cash flow hedges |  | Unrealized gains on investment securities |  | Defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans |  | Foreign currency translation |  | Total
Balance, December 31, 2016 | $ | (3.2 | ) |  | $ | 5.2 |  |  | $ | (45.4 | ) |  | $ | (143.4 | ) |  | $ | (186.8 | )
Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications | (2.0 | ) |  | (5.1 | ) |  | (1.1 | ) |  | 42.2 |  |  | 34.0 |
Amounts reclassified out | 0.8 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | — |  |  | 1.0 |
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax | (1.2 | ) |  | (5.1 | ) |  | (0.9 | ) |  | 42.2 |  |  | 35.0 |
Balance, June 30, 2017 | $ | (4.4 | ) |  | $ | 0.1 |  |  | $ | (46.3 | ) |  | $ | (101.2 | ) |  | $ | (151.8 | )

A summary of the reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive loss is presented in the following table ($ in millions):

|  | Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30, |  | Location on Statement of Income
Detail of components |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016 |
Losses on cash flow hedges: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency contracts |  | $ | (0.2 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (0.3 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | Net sales
Foreign currency contracts |  | (0.1 | ) |  | (0.1 | ) |  | (0.1 | ) |  | (0.1 | ) |  | Cost of goods and services sold
Interest rate swap contracts |  | (0.3 | ) |  | (0.3 | ) |  | (0.5 | ) |  | (0.6 | ) |  | Interest expense
Forward treasury locks |  | (0.1 | ) |  | (0.1 | ) |  | (0.2 | ) |  | (0.2 | ) |  | Interest expense
Total before tax |  | (0.7 | ) |  | (0.5 | ) |  | (1.1 | ) |  | (0.9 | ) |  |
Tax expense |  | 0.2 |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | 0.3 |  |  |
Net of tax |  | $ | (0.5 | ) |  | $ | (0.3 | ) |  | $ | (0.8 | ) |  | $ | (0.6 | ) |  |
Amortization of defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Prior service credit |  | $ | 0.6 |  |  | $ | 0.3 |  |  | $ | 1.1 |  |  | $ | 0.7 |  |  | (a)
Actuarial losses |  | (0.8 | ) |  | (0.8 | ) |  | (1.3 | ) |  | (1.6 | ) |  | (a)
Total before tax |  | (0.2 | ) |  | (0.5 | ) |  | (0.2 | ) |  | (0.9 | ) |  |
Tax expense |  | — |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | — |  |  | 0.3 |  |  |
Net of tax |  | $ | (0.2 | ) |  | $ | (0.3 | ) |  | $ | (0.2 | ) |  | $ | (0.6 | ) |  |
Total reclassifications for the period, net of tax |  | $ | (0.7 | ) |  | $ | (0.6 | ) |  | $ | (1.0 | ) |  | $ | (1.2 | ) |  |

(a) These components are included in the computation of net periodic benefit cost. Please refer to Note 10, Benefit Plans, for additional details.
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Note 12: Other Expense
Other expense consists of:

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
($ in millions) | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Restructuring and related charges: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Severance and post-employment benefits | $ | — |  |  | $ | (1.5 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6.4 |
Asset-related charges | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 15.0 |
Total restructuring and related charges | — |  |  | (1.5 | ) |  | — |  |  | 21.4 |
Venezuela currency devaluation | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2.7 |
Venezuela deconsolidation | 11.1 |  |  | — |  |  | 11.1 |  |  | — |
Development income | (0.4 | ) |  | (0.4 | ) |  | (0.8 | ) |  | (0.8 | )
Contingent consideration costs | 0.4 |  |  | 1.7 |  |  | 0.7 |  |  | 1.9 |
Other items | 0.6 |  |  | 1.0 |  |  | 1.6 |  |  | 1.4 |
Total other expense | $ | 11.7 |  |  | $ | 0.8 |  |  | $ | 12.6 |  |  | $ | 26.6 |

Restructuring and Related Charges
On February 15, 2016, our Board of Directors approved a restructuring plan designed to repurpose several of our production facilities in support of growing high-value proprietary products and to realign operational and commercial activities to meet the needs of our new market-focused commercial organization.
During the three months ended June 30, 2016, we recorded $1.5 million in reversals of previously-recorded restructuring and related charges. During the six months ended June 30, 2016, we incurred $21.4 million in restructuring and related charges, consisting of $6.4 million for severance charges, $10.0 million for a non-cash asset write-down associated with the discontinued use of a trademark, and $5.0 million for non-cash asset write-downs associated with the discontinued use of a patent and certain equipment.
The balance of the charges related to this plan will be recognized as incurred in 2017.
The following table presents activity related to our restructuring obligations:

($ in millions) | Severance and benefits |  | Asset-related charges |  | Other charges |  | Total
Balance, December 31, 2015 | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Charges | 8.9 |  |  | 17.3 |  |  | 0.2 |  |  | 26.4 |
Cash payments | (3.0 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3.0 | )
Non-cash asset write-downs | — |  |  | (17.3 | ) |  | (0.2 | ) |  | (17.5 | )
Balance, December 31, 2016 | 5.9 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5.9 |
Cash payments | (1.7 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1.7 | )
Balance, June 30, 2017 | $ | 4.2 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4.2 |

Other Items
On February 17, 2016, the Venezuelan government announced a devaluation of the Bolivar, from the previously-prevailing official exchange rate of 6.3 Bolivars to USD to 10.0 Bolivars to USD, and streamlined the previous three-tiered currency exchange mechanism into a dual currency exchange mechanism. As a result, during the six months ended June 30, 2016, we recorded a $2.7 million charge. During the three and six months ended June 30,
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2017, as a result of the continued deterioration of conditions in Venezuela as well as our continued reduced access to USD settlement controlled by the Venezuelan government, we recorded a charge of $11.1 million related to the deconsolidation of our Venezuelan subsidiary, following our determination that we no longer met the U.S. GAAP criteria for control of that subsidiary. This charge included the derecognition of the carrying amounts of our Venezuelan subsidiary's assets and liabilities, as well as the write-off of our investment in our Venezuelan subsidiary, related unrealized translation adjustments and the elimination of intercompany accounts. Beginning with the three months ended June 30, 2017, our consolidated financial statements exclude the results of our Venezuelan subsidiary except for income from sales of inventory or from dividends only to the extent that USD is received from our Venezuelan subsidiary. We will continue to actively monitor the political and economic developments in Venezuela.
In addition, during both the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, we recognized development income of $0.4 million and $0.8 million, respectively, within Proprietary Products, related to a nonrefundable customer payment of $20.0 million received in June 2013 in return for the exclusive use of the SmartDose technology platform within a specific therapeutic area. As of June 30, 2017, there was $13.6 million of unearned income related to this payment, of which $1.5 million was included in other current liabilities and $12.1 million was included in other long-term liabilities. The unearned income is being recognized as development income on a straight-line basis over the remaining term of the agreement. The agreement does not include a future minimum purchase commitment from the customer.
Contingent consideration costs represent changes in the fair value of the SmartDose contingent consideration. Please refer to Note 8, Fair Value Measurements, for additional details.
Other items consist of foreign exchange transaction gains and losses, gains and losses on the sale of fixed assets, and miscellaneous income and charges.
Note 13: Income Taxes
The tax provision for interim periods is determined using the estimated annual effective consolidated tax rate, based on the current estimate of full-year earnings before taxes, adjusted for the impact of discrete quarterly items. The provision for income taxes was $2.9 million and $17.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and the effective tax rate was 7.1% and 28.6%, respectively. The provision for income taxes was $5.1 million and $23.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and the effective tax rate was 5.1% and 27.4%, respectively.
The decrease in the effective tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, as compared to the same periods in 2016, reflects the impact of a tax benefit of $9.6 million and $25.5 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively, associated with our adoption of the guidance issued by the FASB regarding share-based payment transactions. Please refer to Note 2, New Accounting Standards, for further discussion of the new accounting guidance. The decrease in the effective tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, as compared to the same periods in 2016, also reflects the impact of a tax benefit of $3.5 million related to a planned repatriation of approximately $65.0 million of cash held by non-U.S. subsidiaries during 2017.
Note 14: Commitments and Contingencies
From time to time, we are involved in product liability matters and other legal proceedings and claims generally incidental to our normal business activities. We accrue for loss contingencies when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. While the outcome of current proceedings cannot be accurately predicted, we believe their ultimate resolution should not have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.
There have been no significant changes to the commitments and contingencies included in our 2016 Annual Report.
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Note 15: Segment Information
Our business operations are organized into two reportable segments, Proprietary Products and Contract-Manufactured Products. Our Proprietary Products reportable segment develops commercial, operational, and innovation strategies across our global network, with specific emphasis on product offerings to biotechnology, generics, and pharmaceutical customers. Our Contract-Manufactured Products reportable segment serves as a fully integrated business focused on the design, manufacture, and automated assembly of complex devices, primarily for pharmaceutical, diagnostic, and medical device customers.
Segment operating profit excludes general corporate costs, which include executive and director compensation, stock-based compensation, adjustments to annual incentive plan expense for over- or under-attainment of targets, certain pension and other retirement benefit costs, and other corporate facilities and administrative expenses not allocated to the segments. Also excluded are items that we consider not representative of ongoing operations. Such items are referred to as other unallocated items and generally include restructuring and related charges, certain asset impairments and other specifically-identified income or expense items.
The following table presents information about our reportable segments, reconciled to consolidated totals:

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
($ in millions) | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Net sales: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Proprietary Products | $ | 312.8 |  |  | $ | 311.0 |  |  | $ | 621.6 |  |  | $ | 601.8 |
Contract-Manufactured Products | 84.9 |  |  | 77.2 |  |  | 164.0 |  |  | 148.8 |
Intersegment sales elimination | (0.1 | ) |  | (0.2 | ) |  | (0.3 | ) |  | (0.5 | )
Consolidated net sales | $ | 397.6 |  |  | $ | 388.0 |  |  | $ | 785.3 |  |  | $ | 750.1 |
Operating profit (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Proprietary Products | $ | 56.3 |  |  | $ | 66.2 |  |  | $ | 121.2 |  |  | $ | 128.1 |
Contract-Manufactured Products | 10.5 |  |  | 9.7 |  |  | 19.3 |  |  | 16.7 |
Corporate | (13.0 | ) |  | (16.2 | ) |  | (25.4 | ) |  | (29.5 | )
Other unallocated items | (11.1 | ) |  | 1.5 |  |  | (11.1 | ) |  | (24.1 | )
Total operating profit | $ | 42.7 |  |  | $ | 61.2 |  |  | $ | 104.0 |  |  | $ | 91.2 |
Interest expense | 2.3 |  |  | 2.0 |  |  | 4.4 |  |  | 4.5 |
Interest income | 0.3 |  |  | 0.3 |  |  | 0.6 |  |  | 0.6 |
Income before income taxes | $ | 40.7 |  |  | $ | 59.5 |  |  | $ | 100.2 |  |  | $ | 87.3 |

The intersegment sales elimination, which is required for the presentation of consolidated net sales, represents the elimination of components sold between our segments.
Other unallocated items, during the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, consisted of a charge of $11.1 million related to the deconsolidation of our Venezuelan subsidiary. Other unallocated items, during the three and six months ended June 30, 2016, consisted of $(1.5) million and $21.4 million, respectively, in restructuring and related (reversals) charges. In addition, during the six months ended June 30, 2016, other unallocated items included a charge of $2.7 million related to the devaluation of the Venezuelan Bolivar from the previously-prevailing official exchange rate of 6.3 Bolivars to USD to 10.0 Bolivars to USD. Please refer to Note 12, Other Expense, for further discussion of these items.
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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
OVERVIEW
The following discussion is intended to further the reader’s understanding of the consolidated financial condition and results of operations of our Company. It should be read in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (“Form 10-Q”) as well as Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included in our 2016 Annual Report. Our historical financial statements may not be indicative of our future performance. This Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contains a number of forward-looking statements, all of which are based on our current expectations and could be affected by the uncertainties and risks discussed in Part I, Item 1A of our 2016 Annual Report and in Part II, Item 1A of this Form 10-Q.
Throughout this section, references to “Notes” refer to the notes to our condensed consolidated financial statements (unaudited) in Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q, unless otherwise indicated.
Non-U.S. GAAP Financial Measures
For the purpose of aiding the comparison of our year-over-year results, we may refer to net sales and other financial results excluding the effects of changes in foreign currency exchange rates. The constant-currency amounts are calculated by translating the current year’s functional currency results at the prior-year period’s exchange rate. We may also refer to consolidated operating profit and consolidated operating profit margin excluding the effects of unallocated items. The re-measured results excluding effects from currency translation and excluding the effects of unallocated items are not in conformity with U.S. GAAP and should not be used as a substitute for the comparable U.S. GAAP financial measures. The non-U.S. GAAP financial measures are incorporated into our discussion and analysis as management uses them in evaluating our results of operations, and believes that this information provides users a valuable insight into our results.
Our Operations
We are a manufacturer of packaging components and delivery systems for injectable drugs and healthcare products. Our products include vial containment solutions, prefillable systems, self-injection platforms, cartridge systems and components, reconstitution and transfer systems, intradermal delivery solutions, specialty components, and contract manufacturing and analytical services. Our customers include the leading biotechnology, generics, pharmaceutical, diagnostic, and medical device companies in the world. The Company was incorporated under the laws of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania on July 27, 1923.
Our business operations are organized into two reportable segments, Proprietary Products and Contract-Manufactured Products. Our Proprietary Products reportable segment develops commercial, operational, and innovation strategies across our global network, with specific emphasis on product offerings to biotechnology, generics, and pharmaceutical customers. Our Contract-Manufactured Products reportable segment serves as a fully integrated business focused on the design, manufacture, and automated assembly of complex devices, primarily for pharmaceutical, diagnostic, and medical device customers. We also maintain global partnerships to share technologies and market products with affiliates in Japan and Mexico.
2017 Financial Performance Summary
Consolidated net sales increased by $9.6 million, or 2.5%, for the three months ended June 30, 2017, as compared to the same period in 2016. Excluding foreign currency translation effects, consolidated net sales for the three months ended June 30, 2017 increased by $15.2 million, or 3.9%, as compared to the same period in 2016.
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Consolidated net sales increased by $35.2 million, or 4.7%, for the six months ended June 30, 2017, as compared to the same period in 2016. Excluding foreign currency translation effects, consolidated net sales for the six months ended June 30, 2017 increased by $46.6 million, or 6.2%, as compared to the same period in 2016.
Consolidated gross profit decreased by $8.3 million, or 6.2%, for the three months ended June 30, 2017, as compared to the same period in 2016, primarily as a result of an unfavorable mix of products sold and increased labor and overhead costs.
Consolidated gross profit increased by $2.5 million, or 1.0%, for the six months ended June 30, 2017, as compared to the same period in 2016, primarily as sales price increases, higher sales volume, and production efficiencies were partially offset by increased labor and overhead costs.
Net income per diluted share was $0.51 for the three months ended June 30, 2017, as compared to $0.60 in the same period in 2016. Results for the three months ended June 30, 2017 included the impact of a tax benefit of $0.13 per diluted share associated with our adoption of the guidance issued by the FASB regarding share-based payment transactions and a charge related to the deconsolidation of our Venezuelan subsidiary, which reduced net income per diluted share by $0.15. Results for the three months ended June 30, 2016 included the impact of reversals of previously-recorded restructuring and related charges, which increased net income per diluted share by $0.01.
Net income per diluted share was $1.32 for the six months ended June 30, 2017, as compared to $0.90 in the same period in 2016. Results for the six months ended June 30, 2017 included the impact of a tax benefit of $0.34 per diluted share associated with our adoption of the guidance issued by the FASB regarding share-based payment transactions and a charge related to the deconsolidation of our Venezuelan subsidiary, which reduced net income per diluted share by $0.15. Results for the six months ended June 30, 2016 included the impact of restructuring and related charges and a charge related to the devaluation of the Venezuelan Bolivar, which reduced net income per diluted share by $0.19 and $0.03, respectively.
At June 30, 2017, our cash and cash equivalents balance totaled $226.6 million and our available borrowing capacity under our Credit Facility was $268.6 million.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
We evaluate the performance of our segments based upon, among other things, segment net sales and operating profit. Segment operating profit excludes general corporate costs, which include executive and director compensation, stock-based compensation, adjustments to annual incentive plan expense for over- or under-attainment of targets, certain pension and other retirement benefit costs, and other corporate facilities and administrative expenses not allocated to the segments. Also excluded are items that we consider not representative of ongoing operations. Such items are referred to as other unallocated items and generally include restructuring and related charges, certain asset impairments and other specifically-identified income or expense items.
Percentages in the following tables and throughout the Results of Operations section may reflect rounding adjustments.
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Net Sales
The following table presents net sales, consolidated and by reportable segment, for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016:

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | % Change
($ in millions) | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | As-Reported |  | Ex-Currency
Proprietary Products | $ | 312.8 |  |  | $ | 311.0 |  |  | 0.6 | % |  | 2.2 | %
Contract-Manufactured Products | 84.9 |  |  | 77.2 |  |  | 9.9 | % |  | 10.5 | %
Intersegment sales elimination | (0.1 | ) |  | (0.2 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Consolidated net sales | $ | 397.6 |  |  | $ | 388.0 |  |  | 2.5 | % |  | 3.9 | %

Consolidated net sales increased by $9.6 million, or 2.5%, for the three months ended June 30, 2017, as compared to the same period in 2016, including an unfavorable foreign currency translation impact of $5.6 million. Excluding foreign currency translation effects, consolidated net sales for the three months ended June 30, 2017 increased by $15.2 million, or 3.9%, as compared to the same period in 2016. Consolidated net sales originating in the U.S. for the three months ended June 30, 2017 were $190.7 million, an increase of 1.5% from the same period in 2016. Consolidated net sales generated outside of the U.S. (mainly in Europe) for the three months ended June 30, 2017 were $206.9 million, an increase of 3.4% from the same period in 2016. Excluding foreign currency translation effects, consolidated net sales generated outside of the U.S. for the three months ended June 30, 2017 increased by 6.2% from the same period in 2016.
Proprietary Products – Proprietary Products net sales increased by $1.8 million, or 0.6%, for the three months ended June 30, 2017, as compared to the same period in 2016, including an unfavorable foreign currency translation impact of $5.1 million. Excluding foreign currency translation effects, net sales for the three months ended June 30, 2017 increased by $6.9 million, or 2.2%, as compared to the same period in 2016, due to higher sales of delivery devices for self-administration of injectable medicines.
Contract-Manufactured Products – Contract-Manufactured Products net sales increased by $7.7 million, or 9.9%, for the three months ended June 30, 2017, as compared to the same period in 2016, including an unfavorable foreign currency translation impact of $0.5 million. Excluding foreign currency translation effects, net sales for the three months ended June 30, 2017 increased by $8.2 million, or 10.5%, as compared to the same period in 2016, primarily due to the initial commercial ramp-up of large projects that commenced in the latter half of 2016. Higher sales volume contributed 9.2 percentage points of the increase, and sales price increases contributed 1.3 percentage points of the increase.
The intersegment sales elimination, which is required for the presentation of consolidated net sales, represents the elimination of components sold between our segments.
The following table presents net sales, consolidated and by reportable segment, for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016:

| Six Months Ended June 30, |  | % Change
($ in millions) | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | As-Reported |  | Ex-Currency
Proprietary Products | $ | 621.6 |  |  | $ | 601.8 |  |  | 3.3 | % |  | 5.0 | %
Contract-Manufactured Products | 164.0 |  |  | 148.8 |  |  | 10.2 | % |  | 10.9 | %
Intersegment sales elimination | (0.3 | ) |  | (0.5 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Consolidated net sales | $ | 785.3 |  |  | $ | 750.1 |  |  | 4.7 | % |  | 6.2 | %

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Consolidated net sales increased by $35.2 million, or 4.7%, for the six months ended June 30, 2017, as compared to the same period in 2016, including an unfavorable foreign currency translation impact of $11.4 million. Excluding foreign currency translation effects, consolidated net sales for the six months ended June 30, 2017 increased by $46.6 million, or 6.2%, as compared to the same period in 2016. Consolidated net sales originating in the U.S. for the six months ended June 30, 2017 were $366.3 million, an increase of 1.1% from the same period in 2016. Consolidated net sales generated outside of the U.S. (mainly in Europe) for the six months ended June 30, 2017 were $419.0 million, an increase of 8.1% from the same period in 2016. Excluding foreign currency translation effects, consolidated net sales generated outside of the U.S. for the six months ended June 30, 2017 increased by 11.0% from the same period in 2016.
Proprietary Products – Proprietary Products net sales increased by $19.8 million, or 3.3%, for the six months ended June 30, 2017, as compared to the same period in 2016, including an unfavorable foreign currency translation impact of $10.3 million. Excluding foreign currency translation effects, net sales for the six months ended June 30, 2017 increased by $30.1 million, or 5.0%, as compared to the same period in 2016, primarily due to growth in our high-value product offerings, including our Envision line of vision-inspected components, our FluroTec®-coated components, our NovaPure® products, as well as our administration and self-injection systems. An improvement in product mix contributed 4.0 percentage points of the increase, and sales price increases contributed 1.0 percentage points of the increase.
Contract-Manufactured Products – Contract-Manufactured Products net sales increased by $15.2 million, or 10.2%, for the six months ended June 30, 2017, as compared to the same period in 2016, including an unfavorable foreign currency translation impact of $1.1 million. Excluding foreign currency translation effects, net sales for the six months ended June 30, 2017 increased by $16.3 million, or 10.9%, as compared to the same period in 2016, primarily due to the initial commercial ramp-up of large projects that commenced in the latter half of 2016. Higher sales volume contributed 9.4 percentage points of the increase, and sales price increases contributed 1.5 percentage points of the increase.
The intersegment sales elimination, which is required for the presentation of consolidated net sales, represents the elimination of components sold between our segments.
Gross Profit
The following table presents gross profit and related gross profit margins, consolidated and by reportable segment:

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
($ in millions) | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Proprietary Products: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gross Profit | $ | 110.8 |  |  | $ | 119.7 |  |  | $ | 232.0 |  |  | $ | 232.5 |
Gross Profit Margin | 35.4 | % |  | 38.5 | % |  | 37.3 | % |  | 38.6 | %
Contract-Manufactured Products: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gross Profit | $ | 14.2 |  |  | $ | 13.6 |  |  | $ | 27.1 |  |  | $ | 24.1 |
Gross Profit Margin | 16.8 | % |  | 17.6 | % |  | 16.6 | % |  | 16.2 | %
Consolidated Gross Profit | $ | 125.0 |  |  | $ | 133.3 |  |  | $ | 259.1 |  |  | $ | 256.6 |
Consolidated Gross Profit Margin | 31.4 | % |  | 34.4 | % |  | 33.0 | % |  | 34.2 | %

Consolidated gross profit decreased by $8.3 million, or 6.2%, for the three months ended June 30, 2017, as compared to the same period in 2016, including an unfavorable foreign currency translation impact of $1.5 million. Consolidated gross profit margin decreased by 3.0 margin points for the three months ended June 30, 2017, as compared to the same period in 2016.
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Consolidated gross profit increased by $2.5 million, or 1.0%, for the six months ended June 30, 2017, as compared to the same period in 2016, including an unfavorable foreign currency translation impact of $3.1 million. Consolidated gross profit margin decreased by 1.2 margin points for the six months ended June 30, 2017, as compared to the same period in 2016.
Proprietary Products – Proprietary Products gross profit decreased by $8.9 million, or 7.4%, and $0.5 million, or 0.2%, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2016, including an unfavorable foreign currency translation impact of $1.5 million and $3.1 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively. Proprietary Products gross profit margin decreased by 3.1 margin points for the three months ended June 30, 2017, as compared to the same period in 2016, primarily due to an unfavorable mix of products sold and increased labor and overhead costs. Proprietary Products gross profit margin decreased by 1.3 margin points for the six months ended June 30, 2017, as compared to the same period in 2016, as increased labor and overhead costs were partially offset by sales price increases and production efficiencies.
Contract-Manufactured Products – Contract-Manufactured Products gross profit increased by $0.6 million, or 4.4%, and $3.0 million, or 12.4%, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2016. Contract-Manufactured Products gross profit margin decreased by 0.8 margin points for the three months ended June 30, 2017, as compared to the same period in 2016, as increased labor and overhead costs were partially offset by sales price increases and production efficiencies. Contract-Manufactured Products gross profit margin increased by 0.4 margin points for the six months ended June 30, 2017, as compared to the same period in 2016, as sales price increases, higher sales volume, and production efficiencies were partially offset by increased labor and overhead costs.
Research and Development (“R&D”) Costs
The following table presents R&D costs, consolidated and by reportable segment:

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
($ in millions) | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Proprietary Products | $ | 10.0 |  |  | $ | 8.8 |  |  | $ | 20.3 |  |  | $ | 18.2 |
Contract-Manufactured Products | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Consolidated R&D Costs | $ | 10.0 |  |  | $ | 8.8 |  |  | $ | 20.3 |  |  | $ | 18.2 |

Consolidated R&D costs increased by $1.2 million, or 13.6%, and $2.1 million, or 11.5%, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2016, due to continued investment in self-injection systems development, advanced delivery research, and innovation.
All of the R&D costs incurred during the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 related to Proprietary Products.
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Selling, General and Administrative (“SG&A”) Costs
The following table presents SG&A costs, consolidated and by reportable segment and corporate:

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
($ in millions) | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Proprietary Products | $ | 43.7 |  |  | $ | 42.3 |  |  | $ | 88.8 |  |  | $ | 83.3 |
Contract-Manufactured Products | 3.8 |  |  | 4.0 |  |  | 7.9 |  |  | 7.8 |
Corporate | 13.1 |  |  | 16.2 |  |  | 25.5 |  |  | 29.5 |
Consolidated SG&A costs | $ | 60.6 |  |  | $ | 62.5 |  |  | $ | 122.2 |  |  | $ | 120.6 |
SG&A as a % of net sales | 15.2 | % |  | 16.1 | % |  | 15.6 | % |  | 16.1 | %

Consolidated SG&A costs decreased by $1.9 million, or 3.0%, for the three months ended June 30, 2017, as compared to the same period in 2016, including the impact of foreign currency translation, which decreased SG&A costs by $0.5 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017.
Consolidated SG&A costs increased by $1.6 million, or 1.3%, for the six months ended June 30, 2017, as compared to the same period in 2016, including the impact of foreign currency translation, which decreased SG&A costs by $0.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017.
Proprietary Products – Proprietary Products SG&A costs increased by $1.4 million, or 3.3%, and $5.5 million, or 6.6%, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2016, due to increases in compensation costs, primarily related to headcount increases. Foreign currency translation decreased Proprietary Products SG&A costs by $0.5 million and $0.9 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively.
Contract-Manufactured Products – Contract-Manufactured Products SG&A costs decreased by $0.2 million, or 5.0%, for the three months ended June 30, 2017, as compared to the same period in 2016, due to a decrease in outside services.
Contract-Manufactured Products SG&A costs increased by $0.1 million, or 1.3%, for the six months ended June 30, 2017, as compared to the same period in 2016, due to an increase in travel and maintenance costs.
Corporate – Corporate SG&A costs decreased by $3.1 million, or 19.1%, and $4.0 million, or 13.6%, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2016, primarily due to decreases in U.S. pension costs and incentive compensation costs.
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Other Expense
The following table presents other income and expense items, consolidated and by reportable segment and unallocated items:

Expense (income) | Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
($ in millions) | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Proprietary Products | $ | 0.8 |  |  | $ | 2.4 |  |  | $ | 1.7 |  |  | $ | 2.9 |
Contract-Manufactured Products | (0.1 | ) |  | (0.1 | ) |  | (0.1 | ) |  | (0.4 | )
Corporate | (0.1 | ) |  | — |  |  | (0.1 | ) |  | — |
Unallocated items | 11.1 |  |  | (1.5 | ) |  | 11.1 |  |  | 24.1 |
Consolidated other expense | $ | 11.7 |  |  | $ | 0.8 |  |  | $ | 12.6 |  |  | $ | 26.6 |

Other income and expense items, consisting of foreign exchange transaction gains and losses, gains and losses on the sale of fixed assets, development income, contingent consideration costs, and miscellaneous income and charges, are generally recorded within segment results.
Consolidated other expense increased by $10.9 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017, as compared to the same period in 2016. Consolidated other expense decreased by $14.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017, as compared to the same period in 2016.
Proprietary Products – Proprietary Products other expense decreased by $1.6 million and $1.2 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2016, due to a decrease in contingent consideration costs. During the three months ended June 30, 2016, we adjusted the SmartDose contingent consideration to reflect an increase in the estimated future contingent consideration payout.
Contract-Manufactured Products – Contract-Manufactured Products other income decreased by $0.3 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017, as compared to the same period in 2016, due to gains on the sale of fixed assets recorded during the six months ended June 30, 2016.
Corporate – Corporate other income increased by $0.1 million for both the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2016.
Unallocated items – During the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, as a result of the continued deterioration of conditions in Venezuela as well as our continued reduced access to USD settlement controlled by the Venezuelan government, we recorded a charge of $11.1 million related to the deconsolidation of our Venezuelan subsidiary, following our determination that we no longer met the U.S. GAAP criteria for control of that subsidiary. During the three months ended June 30, 2016, we recorded $1.5 million in reversals of previously-recorded restructuring and related charges. During the six months ended June 30, 2016, we incurred $21.4 million in restructuring and related charges, consisting of $6.4 million for severance charges, $10.0 million for a non-cash asset write-down associated with the discontinued use of a trademark, and $5.0 million for non-cash asset write-downs associated with the discontinued use of a patent and certain equipment. In addition, during the six months ended June 30, 2016, we recorded a $2.7 million charge related to the devaluation of the Venezuelan Bolivar from the previously-prevailing official exchange rate of 6.3 Bolivars to USD to 10.0 Bolivars to USD. Please refer to Note 12, Other Expense, for further discussion of these items.
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Operating Profit
The following table presents adjusted operating profit, consolidated and by reportable segment, corporate and unallocated items:

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
($ in millions) | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Proprietary Products | $ | 56.3 |  |  | $ | 66.2 |  |  | $ | 121.2 |  |  | $ | 128.1 |
Contract-Manufactured Products | 10.5 |  |  | 9.7 |  |  | 19.3 |  |  | 16.7 |
Corporate | (13.0 | ) |  | (16.2 | ) |  | (25.4 | ) |  | (29.5 | )
Adjusted consolidated operating profit | $ | 53.8 |  |  | $ | 59.7 |  |  | $ | 115.1 |  |  | $ | 115.3 |
Adjusted consolidated operating profit margin | 13.5 | % |  | 15.4 | % |  | 14.7 | % |  | 15.4 | %
Unallocated items | (11.1 | ) |  | 1.5 |  |  | (11.1 | ) |  | (24.1 | )
Consolidated operating profit | $ | 42.7 |  |  | $ | 61.2 |  |  | $ | 104.0 |  |  | $ | 91.2 |
Consolidated operating profit margin | 10.7 | % |  | 15.8 | % |  | 13.2 | % |  | 12.2 | %

Consolidated operating profit decreased by $18.5 million, or 30.2%, for the three months ended June 30, 2017, as compared to the same period in 2016, including an unfavorable foreign currency translation impact of $1.2 million.
Consolidated operating profit increased by $12.8 million, or 14.0%, for the six months ended June 30, 2017, as compared to the same period in 2016, including an unfavorable foreign currency translation impact of $2.3 million.
Proprietary Products – Proprietary Products operating profit decreased by $9.9 million, or 15.0%, and $6.9 million, or 5.4%, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2016, including an unfavorable foreign currency translation impact of $1.1 million and $2.2 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively, due to the factors described above.
Contract-Manufactured Products – Contract-Manufactured Products operating profit increased by $0.8 million, or 8.2%, and $2.6 million, or 15.6%, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2016, including an unfavorable foreign currency translation impact of $0.1 million for both periods, due to the factors described above.
Corporate – Corporate costs decreased by $3.2 million, or 19.8%, and $4.1 million, or 13.9%, for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively, as compared to the same periods in 2016, due to the factors described above.
Unallocated items – Please refer to the Other Expense section for details.
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Interest Expense, Net
The following table presents interest expense, net, by significant component:

| Three Months Ended June 30, |  | Six Months Ended June 30,
($ in millions) | 2017 |  | 2016 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Interest expense | $ | 2.8 |  |  | $ | 2.8 |  |  | $ | 5.5 |  |  | $ | 6.0 |
Capitalized interest | (0.5 | ) |  | (0.8 | ) |  | (1.1 | ) |  | (1.5 | )
Interest income | (0.3 | ) |  | (0.3 | ) |  | (0.6 | ) |  | (0.6 | )
Interest expense, net | $ | 2.0 |  |  | $ | 1.7 |  |  | $ | 3.8 |  |  | $ | 3.9 |

Interest expense, net, increased by $0.3 million, or 17.6%, for the three months ended June 30, 2017, as compared to the same period in 2016, due to a decrease in capitalized interest, including capitalized interest related to the construction of our new facility in Waterford, Ireland.
Interest expense, net, decreased by $0.1 million, or 2.6%, for the six months ended June 30, 2017, as compared to the same period in 2016, due to lower interest expense resulting from less debt outstanding during the six months ended June 30, 2017, as compared to the same period in 2016, partially offset by a decrease in capitalized interest.
Income Taxes
The provision for income taxes was $2.9 million and $17.0 million for the three months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and the effective tax rate was 7.1% and 28.6%, respectively. The provision for income taxes was $5.1 million and $23.9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively, and the effective tax rate was 5.1% and 27.4%, respectively.
The decrease in the effective tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, as compared to the same periods in 2016, reflects the impact of a tax benefit of $9.6 million and $25.5 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, respectively, associated with our adoption of the guidance issued by the FASB regarding share-based payment transactions. Please refer to Note 2, New Accounting Standards, for further discussion of the new accounting guidance. The decrease in the effective tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, as compared to the same periods in 2016, also reflects the impact of a tax benefit of $3.5 million related to a planned repatriation of approximately $65.0 million of cash held by non-U.S. subsidiaries during 2017.
Equity in Net Income of Affiliated Companies
Equity in net income of affiliated companies represents the contribution to earnings from our 25% ownership interest in Daikyo and our 49% ownership interest in four companies in Mexico. Equity in net income of affiliated companies decreased by $1.2 million, or 54.5%, for the three months ended June 30, 2017, as compared to the same period in 2016, primarily due to additional facility-related costs at Daikyo and foreign exchange transaction losses in Mexico. Equity in net income of affiliated companies increased by $1.1 million, or 31.4%, for the six months ended June 30, 2017, as compared to the same period in 2016, primarily due to the impact of gains on the sale of investment securities by Daikyo, partially offset by additional facility-related costs at Daikyo.
Net Income
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Net income for the three months ended June 30, 2017 was $38.8 million, which included the impact of a tax benefit of $9.6 million associated with our adoption of the guidance issued by the FASB regarding share-based payment transactions and a charge of $11.1 million related to the deconsolidation of our Venezuelan subsidiary. Net income for the three months ended June 30, 2016 was $44.7 million, which included $1.5 million in reversals of previously-recorded restructuring and related charges.
Net income for the six months ended June 30, 2017 was $99.7 million, which included the impact of a tax benefit of $25.5 million associated with our adoption of the guidance issued by the FASB regarding share-based payment transactions and a charge of $11.1 million related to the deconsolidation of our Venezuelan subsidiary. Net income for the six months ended June 30, 2016 was $66.9 million, which included $14.0 million (net of $7.4 million in tax) in restructuring and related charges and a charge of $2.7 million related to the devaluation of the Venezuelan Bolivar.
FINANCIAL CONDITION, LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Cash Flows
The following table presents cash flow data for the six months ended June 30:

($ in millions) | 2017 |  | 2016
Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 106.0 |  |  | $ | 79.2 |
Net cash used in investing activities | $ | (70.2 | ) |  | $ | (81.2 | )
Net cash used in financing activities | $ | (19.5 | ) |  | $ | (72.5 | )

Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities – Net cash provided by operating activities increased by $26.8 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017, as compared to the same period in 2016, primarily due to improved operating results and the impact of a tax benefit associated with our adoption of the guidance issued by FASB regarding share-based payment transactions, partially offset by an increase in working capital and a $20.0 million pension plan contribution to our U.S. qualified pension plan during the six months ended June 30, 2017.
Net Cash Used in Investing Activities – Net cash used in investing activities decreased by $11.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017, as compared to the same period in 2016, due to a $7.0 million decrease in capital spending and the impact of the deconsolidation of our Venezuelan subsidiary, partially offset by our receipt of insurance proceeds. The capital spending for the six months ended June 30, 2017 consisted of spending for new products, expansion activity, and emerging markets, including the construction of our new facility in Waterford, Ireland.
Net Cash Used in Financing Activities – Net cash used in financing activities decreased by $53.0 million for the six months ended June 30, 2017, as compared to the same period in 2016, primarily due to a decrease in net debt repayments, as our Euro note B matured in February 2016, partially offset by increases in purchases under our share repurchase programs and proceeds from employee stock plans. Please refer to Note 3, Net Income Per Share, for further discussion of the share repurchase program announced in December 2016.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
The table below presents selected liquidity and capital measures:

($ in millions) | June 30, 2017 |  | December 31, 2016
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 226.6 |  |  | $ | 203.0 |
Working capital | $ | 428.8 |  |  | $ | 400.9 |
Total debt | $ | 229.5 |  |  | $ | 228.6 |
Total equity | $ | 1,242.4 |  |  | $ | 1,117.5 |
Net debt-to-total invested capital | 0.2 | % |  | 2.2 | %

Cash and cash equivalents include all instruments that have maturities of ninety days or less when purchased. Working capital is defined as current assets less current liabilities. Net debt is defined as total debt less cash and cash equivalents, and total invested capital is defined as the sum of net debt and total equity. Net debt and total invested capital are non-U.S. GAAP financial measures that should not be used as a substitute for the comparable U.S. GAAP financial measures. The non-U.S. GAAP financial measures are incorporated into our discussion and analysis as management believes that this information provides users a valuable insight into our overall performance and financial position.
Cash and cash equivalents – Our cash and cash equivalents balance at June 30, 2017 consisted of cash held in depository accounts with banks around the world and cash invested in high-quality, short-term investments. The cash and cash equivalents balance at June 30, 2017 included $69.1 million of cash held by subsidiaries within the U.S., and $157.5 million of cash held by subsidiaries outside of the U.S. During 2017, we intend to repatriate approximately $65.0 million of cash held by non-U.S. subsidiaries. We do not expect any additional tax costs associated with the planned repatriation. Deferred income taxes have not been provided for any funds remaining in the subsidiaries outside of the U.S., as such earnings are intended to be reinvested indefinitely outside of the U.S.
Working capital – Working capital at June 30, 2017 increased by $27.9 million, or 7.0%, as compared to December 31, 2016, including an increase of $15.7 million due to foreign currency translation, due to increases in cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, and inventories, partially offset by an increase in total current liabilities. Excluding the impact of currency exchange rates, cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, inventories, and total current liabilities increased by $16.3 million, $33.1 million, $4.6 million, and $39.1 million, respectively. The increase in inventories was due to timing, as inventories are typically lower at year-end due to plant shutdowns. The increase in current liabilities was primarily due to the reclassification of our term loan from long-term debt to current liabilities between those period ends and an increase in other current liabilities.
Debt and credit facilities – The $0.9 million increase in total debt at June 30, 2017, as compared to December 31, 2016, resulted from foreign currency rate fluctuations of $2.0 million and a reduction of $0.1 million in unamortized debt issuance costs, partially offset by net debt repayments of $1.2 million.
Our sources of liquidity include our Credit Facility. At June 30, 2017, we had $28.4 million in outstanding long-term borrowings under this facility, of which $4.5 million was denominated in Yen and $23.9 million was denominated in Euro. These borrowings, together with outstanding letters of credit of $3.0 million, resulted in an available borrowing capacity under the Credit Facility of $268.6 million at June 30, 2017. We do not expect any significant limitations on our ability to access this source of funds.
Pursuant to the financial covenants in our debt agreements, we are required to maintain established interest coverage ratios and to not exceed established leverage ratios. In addition, the agreements contain other customary covenants, none of which we consider restrictive to our operations. At June 30, 2017, we were in compliance with all of our debt covenants.
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We believe that cash on hand and cash generated from operations, together with availability under our Credit Facility, will be adequate to address our foreseeable liquidity needs based on our current expectations of our business operations, capital expenditures and scheduled payments of debt obligations.
Commitments and Contractual Obligations
A table summarizing the amounts and estimated timing of future cash payments resulting from commitments and contractual obligations was provided in our 2016 Annual Report. During the three months ended June 30, 2017, there were no material changes outside of the ordinary course of business to our commitments and contractual obligations.
OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS
At June 30, 2017, we had no off-balance sheet financing arrangements other than operating leases, unconditional purchase obligations incurred in the ordinary course of business, and outstanding letters of credit related to various insurance programs, as noted in our 2016 Annual Report.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES
There have been no changes to the Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates disclosed in Part II, Item 7 of our 2016 Annual Report.
NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
For information on new accounting standards that were adopted, and those issued but not yet adopted, during the three months ended June 30, 2017, and the impact, if any, on our financial position or results of operations, see Note 2, New Accounting Standards.
CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Our disclosure and analysis in this Form 10-Q contains some forward-looking statements that are based on management's beliefs and assumptions, current expectations, estimates and forecasts. We also provide forward-looking statements in other materials we release to the public, as well as oral forward-looking statements. Such statements provide our current expectations or forecasts of future events. They do not relate strictly to historical or current facts. We have attempted, wherever possible, to identify forward-looking statements by using words such as “plan,” “expect,” “believe,” “intend,” “will,” “anticipate,” “estimate” and other words of similar meaning in conjunction with, among other things, discussions of future operations and financial performance, as well as our strategy for growth, product development, market position and expenditures. All statements that address operating performance or events or developments that we expect or anticipate will occur in the future - including statements relating to sales and earnings per share growth, cash flows or uses, and statements expressing views about future operating results - are forward-looking statements.
Forward-looking statements are based on current expectations of future events. The forward-looking statements are, and will be, based on management’s then-current views and assumptions regarding future events and operating performance, and speak only as of their dates. Investors should realize that, if underlying assumptions prove inaccurate or unknown risks or uncertainties materialize, actual results could vary materially from our expectations and projections. Investors are therefore cautioned not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements.
The following are some important factors that could cause our actual results to differ from our expectations in any forward-looking statements:

• | sales demand and our ability to meet that demand;

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• | competition from other providers in our businesses, including customers’ in-house operations, and from lower-cost producers in emerging markets, which can impact unit volume, price and profitability;

• | customers’ changing inventory requirements and manufacturing plans that alter existing orders or ordering patterns for the products we supply to them;

• | the timing, regulatory approval and commercial success of customer products that incorporate our products and systems;

• | whether customers agree to incorporate our products and delivery systems with their new and existing drug products, the ultimate timing and successful commercialization of those products and systems, which involves substantial evaluations of the functional, operational, clinical and economic viability of our products, and the rate, timing and success of regulatory approval for the drug products that incorporate our components and systems;

• | the timely and adequate availability of filling capacity, which is essential to conducting definitive stability trials and the timing of first commercialization of customers’ products in Daikyo Crystal Zenith® prefilled syringes;

• | average profitability, or mix, of the products sold in any reporting period, including lower-than-expected sales growth of our high-value proprietary product offerings;

• | maintaining or improving production efficiencies and overhead absorption;

• | dependence on third-party suppliers and partners, some of which are single-source suppliers of critical materials and products, including our Japanese partner and affiliate, Daikyo;

• | the loss of key personnel or highly-skilled employees;

• | the availability and cost of skilled employees required to meet increased production, managerial, research and other needs, including professional employees and persons employed under collective bargaining agreements;

• | interruptions or weaknesses in our supply chain, which could cause delivery delays or restrict the availability of raw materials, key purchased components and finished products;

• | the successful and timely implementation of price increases necessary to offset rising production costs, including raw material prices, particularly petroleum-based raw materials;

• | the cost and progress of development, regulatory approval and marketing of new products;

• | our ability to obtain and maintain licenses in any jurisdiction in which we do business;

• | the relative strength of USD in relation to other currencies, particularly the Euro, the Singapore Dollar, the Danish Krone, Yen, Venezuelan Bolivar, Colombian and Argentinian Peso, and Brazilian Real; and

• | the potential adverse effects of global healthcare legislation on customer demand, product pricing and profitability.

This list sets forth many, but not all, of the factors that could affect our ability to achieve results described in any forward-looking statements. Investors should understand that it is not possible to predict or identify all of the factors and should not consider this list to be a complete statement of all potential risks and uncertainties. For further discussion of these and other factors, see the risk factors disclosed in Part I, Item 1A of our 2016 Annual Report. Except as required by law or regulation, we do not intend to update any forward-looking statements.
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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
There have been no material changes in our exposure to market risk or the information provided in Part II, Item 7A of our 2016 Annual Report.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Disclosure controls are controls and procedures designed to reasonably ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Exchange Act, such as this quarterly report, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, is accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Our disclosure controls include some, but not all, components of our internal control over financial reporting.
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
An evaluation was performed under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our CEO and CFO, of the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934), as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report on Form 10-Q. Based on this evaluation, our CEO and CFO have concluded that, as of June 30, 2017, our disclosure controls and procedures are effective.
Changes in Internal Controls
During the quarter ended June 30, 2017, there have been no changes to our internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
None.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
There are no material changes to the risk factors disclosed in Part I, Item 1A of our 2016 Annual Report.
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ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
The following table shows information with respect to purchases of our common stock made during the three months ended June 30, 2017 by us or any of our “affiliated purchasers” as defined in Rule 10b-18(a)(3) under the Exchange Act:

Period |  | Total number of shares purchased (1) |  | Average price paid per share (1) |  | Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs (2) |  | Maximum number (or approximate dollar value) of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs (2)
April 1 – 30, 2017 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 475,000 |
May 1 – 31, 2017 |  | 70 |  |  | $ | 94.10 |  |  | — |  |  | 475,000 |
June 1 – 30, 2017 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 475,000 |
Total |  | 70 |  |  | $ | 94.10 |  |  | — |  |  | 475,000 |

(1) | Includes 70 shares purchased on behalf of employees enrolled in the Non-Qualified Deferred Compensation Plan for Designated Employees (Amended and Restated Effective January 1, 2008). Under the plan, Company match contributions are delivered to the plan’s investment administrator, who then purchases shares in the open market and credits the shares to individual plan accounts.

(2) | In December 2016, we announced a share repurchase program authorizing the repurchase of up to 800,000 shares of our common stock from time to time on the open market or in privately-negotiated transactions as permitted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 Rule 10b-18. The number of shares to be repurchased and the timing of such transactions will depend on a variety of factors, including market conditions. The program commenced on January 1, 2017 and is expected to be completed by December 31, 2017. There were no shares purchased during the three months ended June 30, 2017. During the six months ended June 30, 2017, we purchased 325,000 shares of our common stock under the program at a cost of $26.9 million, or an average price of $82.84 per share.

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
The list of exhibits in the Exhibit Index to this report is incorporated herein by reference.
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SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, West Pharmaceutical Services, Inc. has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
WEST PHARMACEUTICAL SERVICES, INC.
(Registrant)
By: /s/ William J. Federici
William J. Federici
Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
August 1, 2017
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EXHIBIT INDEX

Exhibit # | Description
3.1 | Our Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation are incorporated by reference from our Form 10-Q report for the quarter ended March 31, 2015.
3.2 | Our Bylaws, as amended through May 5, 2015, are incorporated by reference from our Form 10-Q report for the quarter ended March 31, 2015.
4.1 | Form of stock certificate for common stock is incorporated by reference from our annual report on Form 10-K dated May 6, 1999.
4.2 | Article 5, 6, 8(c) and 9 of our Amended and Restated Articles of Incorporation are incorporated by reference from our Form 10-Q report for the quarter ended March 31, 2015.
4.3 | Article I and V of our Bylaws, as amended through May 5, 2015, are incorporated by reference from our Form 10-Q report for the quarter ended March 31, 2015.
4.4 (1) | Instruments defining the rights of holders of long-term debt securities of West and its subsidiaries have been omitted.
31.1 | Certification by the Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2 | Certification by the Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1* | Certification by the Chief Executive Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2* | Certification by the Chief Financial Officer Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS | XBRL Instance Document
101.SCH | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.LAB | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document
101.PRE | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document
101.DEF | XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document

(1) We agree to furnish to the SEC, upon request, a copy of each instrument with respect to issuances of long-term debt of the Company and its subsidiaries.
* Furnished, not filed.
F-1