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Income Taxes (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2020
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
Reconciliation of Beginning and Ending Liability for Unrecognized Tax Benefits | A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of the liability for unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:
($ in millions) | 2020 |  | 2019
Balance at January 1 | $ | 5.0 |  |  | $ | 3.9 |
Increase due to current year position | 4.9 |  |  | 1.6 |
Increase due to prior year position | 0.6 |  |  | — |
Reduction for expiration of statute of limitations/audits | (0.1) |  |  | (0.5) |
Balance at December 31 | $ | 10.4 |  |  | $ | 5.0 |
Schedule of Components of Income Before Income Taxes | The components of income before income taxes are:
($ in millions) | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
U.S. operations | $ | 227.0 |  |  | $ | 161.2 |  |  | $ | 132.9 |
International operations | 174.3 |  |  | 130.6 |  |  | 107.8 |
Total income before income taxes | $ | 401.3 |  |  | $ | 291.8 |  |  | $ | 240.7 |
Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense | The related provision for income taxes consists of:
($ in millions) | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Current: |  |  |  |  |
Federal | $ | 28.9 |  |  | $ | 10.8 |  |  | $ | 2.1 |
State | 3.4 |  |  | 2.4 |  |  | 3.3 |
International | 46.0 |  |  | 30.5 |  |  | 35.1 |
Current income tax provision | 78.3 |  |  | 43.7 |  |  | 40.5 |
Deferred: |  |  |  |  |
Federal and state | 0.2 |  |  | 10.3 |  |  | 1.4 |
International | (6.0) |  |  | 5.0 |  |  | (0.5) |
Deferred income tax provision | (5.8) |  |  | 15.3 |  |  | 0.9 |
Income tax expense | $ | 72.5 |  |  | $ | 59.0 |  |  | $ | 41.4 |
Schedule of Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities | The significant components of our deferred tax assets and liabilities at December 31 are:
($ in millions) | 2020 |  | 2019
Deferred tax assets |  |  |
Net operating loss carryforwards | $ | 21.4 |  |  | $ | 21.9 |
Tax credit carryforwards | 2.0 |  |  | 2.8 |
Restructuring and impairment charges | 0.4 |  |  | — |
Pension and deferred compensation | 35.3 |  |  | 25.6 |
Other | 10.6 |  |  | 9.2 |
Valuation allowance | (15.1) |  |  | (15.9) |
Total deferred tax assets | 54.6 |  |  | 43.6 |
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |  |
Property, plant, and equipment | 42.1 |  |  | 37.9 |
Tax on undistributed earnings of subsidiaries | 6.5 |  |  | 6.3 |
Other | 0.4 |  |  | 0.9 |
Total deferred tax liabilities | 49.0 |  |  | 45.1 |
Net deferred tax (liability) asset | $ | 5.6 |  |  | $ | (1.5) |
Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation | A reconciliation of the U.S. federal corporate tax rate to our effective consolidated tax rate on income before income taxes follows:
| 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
U.S. federal corporate tax rate | 21.0 | % |  | 21.0 | % |  | 21.0 | %
Tax on international operations other than U.S. tax rate | 1.2 |  |  | 2.7 |  |  | 4.8 |
Adjustments to reserves for unrecognized tax benefits | 1.4 |  |  | 0.4 |  |  | 0.2 |
U.S. tax on international earnings, net of foreign tax credits | 0.4 |  |  | 0.4 |  |  | (0.2) |
Foreign-Derived Intangible Income Deductions (FDII) | (1.1) |  |  | (0.6) |  |  | (0.4) |
State income taxes, net of federal tax effect | 1.2 |  |  | 1.4 |  |  | 2.3 |
U.S. research and development credits | (0.7) |  |  | (1.0) |  |  | (0.9) |
Excess tax benefits on share-based payments | (5.2) |  |  | (3.5) |  |  | (6.0) |
Impact of 2017 Tax Act | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2.9) |
Tax on undistributed earnings of subsidiaries | 0.1 |  |  | (0.2) |  |  | (1.3) |
Other | (0.2) |  |  | (0.4) |  |  | 0.6 |
Effective tax rate | 18.1 | % |  | 20.2 | % |  | 17.2 | %

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