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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (a) Basis of Presentation and Description of Business. Tempur Sealy International, Inc., a Delaware corporation, together with its subsidiaries, is a U.S. based, multinational company. The term "Tempur Sealy International" refers to Tempur Sealy International, Inc. only, and the term "Company" refers to Tempur Sealy International, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries. Certain prior period amounts have been reclassified in the accompanying consolidated financial statements and notes thereto to conform to the current period presentation. The Company designs, manufactures and distributes bedding products, which includes mattresses, foundations and adjustable bases, and other products, which include pillows and other accessories. The Company also derives income from royalties by licensing Sealy® and Stearns & Foster® brands, technology and trademarks to other manufacturers. The Company sells its products through two sales channels: Wholesale and Direct. (b) Basis of Consolidation. The accompanying financial statements include the accounts of Tempur Sealy International and its controlled subsidiaries. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. The Company has ownership interests in Asia-Pacific joint ventures to develop markets for Sealy® and Stearns & Foster® branded products and ownership in a United Kingdom joint venture to manufacture, market and distribute Sealy® and Stearns & Foster® branded products. The Company's ownership interest in each of these joint ventures is 50.0%. The equity method of accounting is used for these joint ventures, over which the Company has significant influence but does not have control, and consolidation is not otherwise required. The Company's equity in the net income and losses of these investments is reported in equity income in earnings of unconsolidated affiliates in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income. (c) Use of Estimates. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ("GAAP") requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the Consolidated Financial Statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. The Company's results are affected by economic, political, legislative, regulatory and legal actions. Economic conditions, such as recessionary trends, inflation, interest and monetary exchange rates, government fiscal policies and changes in the prices of raw materials, can have a significant effect on operations. (d) Adoption of New Accounting Standards. Reference Rate Reform. In March 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2020-04, "Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Facilitation of the Effects of Reference Rate Reform on Financial Reporting," which provides guidance on the accounting impacts due to the expected market transition from the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") and other interbank offered rates to alternative reference rates, such as the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR"). The FASB continued to refine its guidance with the January 2021 ASU 2021-01 issued update, "Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Scope" and the December 2022 ASU 2022-06 issued update, "Reference Rate Reform ("Topic 848"): Deferral of the Sunset Date of Topic 848", of which all were effective upon issuance. These updates provide entities with certain optional relief expedients and exceptions for applying GAAP to contract modifications, hedge accounting and other transactions affected by reference rate reform if certain criteria are met. An entity that makes this election would present and account for a modified contract as a continuation of the existing contract. Entities are afforded these relief options until December 31, 2024, after which time they will no longer be permitted. In May 2023, the Company amended its 2019 Credit Agreement to transition the applicable reference rate from LIBOR to SOFR. In October 2023, the Company entered into the 2023 Credit Agreement, which uses SOFR as the applicable reference rate. See "Note 6 - Debt" for additional details. The results of this guidance did not have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements. (e) Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted Segments Reporting Disclosures. In November 2023, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2023-07, "Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosure", which improves reportable segment disclosure requirements for public business entities primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker (“CODM”) and included within each reported measure of segment profit (referred to as the “significant expense principle”). ASU 2023-07 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2023 (year ending December 31, 2024 for the Company), and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024 on a retrospective basis. Early adoption is permitted. The Company expects the adoption of the standard to result in additional segment footnote disclosures. Income Tax Disclosures. In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, "Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures", which enhances income tax disclosure requirements for all entities by requiring specified categories and greater disaggregation within the rate reconciliation table, disclosure of income taxes paid by jurisdiction, and providing clarification on uncertain tax positions and related financial statement impacts. ASU 2023-09 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024 (year ending December 31, 2025 for the Company). Early adoption is permitted. The Company expects the adoption of the standard to result in additional disaggregation in the income tax footnote disclosures. (f) Foreign Currency. Assets and liabilities of non-U.S. subsidiaries, whose functional currency is the local currency, are translated into U.S. Dollars at period-end exchange rates. Income and expense items are translated at the average rates of exchange prevailing during the period. The adjustments resulting from translating the financial statements of foreign subsidiaries are included in accumulated other comprehensive loss ("AOCL"), a component of stockholders' equity, and included in net earnings only upon sale or liquidation of the underlying foreign subsidiary or affiliated company. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are recognized in net earnings based on differences between foreign exchange rates on the transaction date and on the settlement date. These amounts are not considered material to the Consolidated Financial Statements. (g) Cash and Cash Equivalents. Cash and cash equivalents consist of all highly liquid investments with initial maturities of three months or less. The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents approximates fair value because of the short-term maturity of those instruments. (h) Inventories. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value, determined by the first-in, first-out method and consist of the following:
| December 31,
(in millions) | 2023 |  | 2022
Finished goods | $ | 335.4 |  |  | $ | 383.7 |
Work-in-process | 16.5 |  |  | 19.4 |
Raw materials and supplies | 131.2 |  |  | 151.9 |
| $ | 483.1 |  |  | $ | 555.0 |
(i) Property, Plant and Equipment. Property, plant and equipment are carried at cost at acquisition date and are depreciated using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives as follows:
| Estimated Useful Lives (in years)
Buildings | 25-30
Computer equipment and software | 3-7
Leasehold improvements | 4-7
Machinery and equipment | 3-7
Office furniture and fixtures | 5-7
The Company records depreciation and amortization in cost of sales for long-lived assets used in the manufacturing process, and within each line item of operating expenses for all other long-lived assets. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the life of the lease or seven years. Assets under finance leases are included within property, plant and equipment and represent non-cash investing activities. Property, plant and equipment, net consisted of the following:
| December 31,
(in millions) | 2023 |  | 2022
Machinery and equipment | $ | 599.1 |  |  | $ | 533.9 |
Land and buildings | 526.3 |  |  | 437.8 |
Computer equipment and software | 247.3 |  |  | 231.1 |
Furniture and fixtures | 99.8 |  |  | 83.2 |
Construction in progress | 250.2 |  |  | 236.9 |
Total property, plant and equipment | 1,722.7 |  |  | 1,522.9 |
Accumulated depreciation | (844.4) |  |  | (731.8) |
Total property, plant and equipment, net | $ | 878.3 |  |  | $ | 791.1 |
Depreciation expense, which includes depreciation expense for finance lease assets, for the Company was $125.1 million, $111.4 million and $94.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. (j) Long-Lived Assets. Long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of long-lived assets is assessed by a comparison of the carrying amount of the asset to the estimated future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset or group of assets. If estimated future undiscounted net cash flows are less than the carrying amount of the asset or group of assets, the asset is considered impaired and an expense is recorded in an amount required to reduce the carrying amount of the asset to its then fair value. Fair value generally is determined from estimated discounted future net cash flows (for assets held for use) or net realizable value (for assets held for sale). The Company did not identify any impairments for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. (k) Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets. Intangible assets with finite useful lives are amortized over their respective estimated useful lives to their estimated residual values and reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate impairment may have occurred. The Company performs an annual impairment test on goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets on October 1 of each year and whenever events or circumstances make it more likely than not that impairment may have occurred. This assessment may be performed quantitatively or qualitatively. In conducting the impairment test for the North America, International and Dreams reporting units, the fair value of each is compared to its respective carrying amount including goodwill. If the fair value exceeds the carrying amount, then no impairment exists. If the carrying amount exceeds the fair value, the goodwill is written down for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the fair value. However, the loss recognized cannot exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. Using the quantitative approach, the Company makes various estimates and assumptions in determining the estimated fair value of each reporting unit using a combination of discounted cash flow models and valuations based on earnings multiples for guideline public companies in each reporting unit’s industry peer group, when externally quoted market prices are not readily available. Discounted cash flow models are reliant on various assumptions, including projected business results, long-term growth factors and weighted-average cost of capital. Management judgment is involved in estimating these variables, and they include inherent uncertainties as they are forecasting future events. The Company performs sensitivity analyses by using a range of inputs to confirm the reasonableness of the long-term growth rate and weighted average cost of capital. Additionally, the Company compares the indicated equity value to its market capitalization and evaluates the resulting implied control premium/discount to determine if the estimated enterprise value is reasonable compared to external market indicators. Using the qualitative approach, the Company reviews macroeconomic conditions, industry and market conditions and entity specific factors, including strategies and financial performance for potential indicators of impairment. The Company also tests its indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment, principally the Tempur, Sealy and Dreams trade names. Under a quantitative approach, the Company uses a "relief-from-royalty" method. Significant assumptions inherent in the methodologies are employed and include such estimates as royalty and discount rates. The Company performed its annual impairment test of goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets quantitatively in 2023, and qualitatively in 2022 and 2021, none of which resulted in the recognition of impairment charges. For further information on goodwill and other intangible assets, refer to Note 4, "Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets." (l) Accrued Sales Returns. The Company allows product returns through certain sales channels and on certain products. Estimated sales returns are provided at the time of sale based on historical sales channel return rates. Estimated future obligations related to these products are provided by a reduction of sales in the period in which the revenue is recognized. The Company considers the impact of recoverable salvage value on sales returns by product in determining its estimate of future sales returns. The Company recognizes a return asset for the right to recover the goods returned by the customer. The right of return asset is recognized on a gross basis outside of the accrued sales returns and is not material to the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company had the following activity for accrued sales returns from December 31, 2021 to December 31, 2023:
(in millions) |
Balance as of December 31, 2021 | $ | 49.8 |
Amounts accrued | 146.6 |
Returns charged to accrual | (155.9) |
Balance as of December 31, 2022 | 40.5 |
Amounts accrued | 208.2 |
Returns charged to accrual | (205.0) |
Balance as of December 31, 2023 | $ | 43.7 |
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, $30.4 million and $27.5 million of accrued sales returns is included as a component of accrued expenses and other current liabilities and $13.3 million and $13.0 million of accrued sales returns is included in other non-current liabilities on the Company’s accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets, respectively. (m) Warranties. The Company provides warranties on certain products, which vary by segment, product and brand. Estimates of warranty expenses are based primarily on historical claims experience and product testing. Estimated future obligations related to these products are charged to cost of sales in the period in which the related revenue is recognized. The Company considers the impact of recoverable salvage value on warranty costs in determining its estimate of future warranty obligations. The Company provides warranties on mattresses with varying warranty terms. Tempur-Pedic mattresses sold in the North America segment and all Sealy mattresses have warranty terms ranging from 10 to 25 years, generally non-prorated for the first 10 to 15 years and then prorated for the balance of the warranty term. Tempur-Pedic mattresses sold in the International segment have warranty terms ranging from 5 to 15 years, non-prorated for the first 5 years and then prorated on a straight-line basis for the last 10 years of the warranty term. Tempur-Pedic pillows have a warranty term of 3 years, non-prorated. The Company had the following activity for its accrued warranty expense from December 31, 2021 to December 31, 2023:
(in millions) |
Balance as of December 31, 2021 | $ | 43.9 |
Amounts accrued | 17.0 |
Warranties charged to accrual | (19.3) |
Balance as of December 31, 2022 | 41.6 |
Amounts accrued | 19.6 |
Warranties charged to accrual | (20.4) |
Balance as of December 31, 2023 | $ | 40.8 |
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, $18.9 million and $17.8 million of accrued warranty expense is included as a component of accrued expenses and other current liabilities and $21.9 million and $23.8 million of accrued warranty expense is included in other non-current liabilities on the Company's accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets, respectively. (n) Allowance for Credit Losses. The allowance for credit losses is the Company's best estimate of the amount of estimated lifetime credit losses in the Company's accounts receivable. The Company regularly reviews the adequacy of its allowance for credit losses. The Company estimates losses over the contractual life using assumptions to capture the risk of loss, even if remote, based principally on how long a receivable has been outstanding. Account balances are charged off against the allowance for credit losses after all reasonable means of collection have been exhausted and the potential for recovery is considered remote. As of December 31, 2023, the Company's accounts receivable were substantially current. Other factors considered include historical write-off experience, current economic conditions and also factors such as customer credit, past transaction history with the customer and changes in customer payment terms. The allowance for credit losses is included in accounts receivable, net in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets. The Company had the following activity for its allowance for credit losses from December 31, 2021 to December 31, 2023.
(in millions) |
Balance as of December 31, 2021 | $ | 62.1 |
Amounts accrued | 6.7 |
Write-offs charged against the allowance | (6.4) |
Balance as of December 31, 2022 | 62.4 |
Amounts accrued | 8.2 |
Write-offs charged against the allowance | (3.7) |
Balance as of December 31, 2023 | $ | 66.9 |
(o) Fair Value. Financial instruments, although not recorded at fair value on a recurring basis, include cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, accounts payable and the Company's debt obligations. The carrying value of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate fair value because of the short-term maturity of those instruments. Borrowings under the 2023 Credit Agreement (as defined in Note 6, "Debt") and the securitized debt are at variable interest rates and accordingly their carrying amounts approximate fair value. The fair value of the following material financial instruments were based on Level 2 inputs, which include observable inputs estimated using discounted cash flows and market-based expectations for interest rates, credit risk, and the contractual terms of debt instruments:
|  | Fair Value
(in millions) |  | December 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
2029 Senior Notes |  | $ | 724.2 |  |  | $ | 672.7 |
2031 Senior Notes |  | 677.6 |  |  | 627.1 |
(p) Income Taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to temporary differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. Deferred tax assets are also recognized for the estimated future effects of tax loss carry forwards. The effect of changes in tax rates on deferred taxes is recognized in the period in which the enactment dates change. Valuation allowances are established when necessary on a jurisdictional basis to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts expected to be realized. The Company accounts for uncertain foreign and domestic tax positions utilizing a proscribed recognition threshold and measurement attributes for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. Interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions are recognized as part of the income tax provision and are accrued beginning in the period that such interest and penalties would be applicable under relevant tax law and until such time that the related tax benefits are recognized. (q) Cost of Sales. Costs associated with net sales are recorded in cost of sales. Cost of sales includes the costs of receiving, producing, inspecting, warehousing, insuring and shipping goods during the period, as well as depreciation and amortization of long-lived assets used in these processes. Cost of sales also includes shipping and handling costs associated with the delivery of goods to customers and costs associated with internal transfers between plant locations. Amounts included in cost of sales for shipping and handling were $322.2 million, $330.3 million and $294.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Additionally, cost of sales include royalties that the Company pays to other entities for the use of their names on products produced by the Company. Royalty expense is not material to the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income. (r) Cooperative Advertising, Rebate and Other Promotional Programs. The Company enters into programs with customers to provide funds for advertising and promotions. The Company also enters into volume and other rebate programs with customers. When sales are made to these customers, the Company records liabilities pursuant to these programs. The Company periodically assesses these liabilities based on actual sales and claims to determine whether all of the cooperative advertising earned will be used by the customer or whether the customer will meet the requirements to receive rebate funds. The Company generally negotiates these programs on a customer-by-customer basis. Some of these agreements extend over several years. Significant estimates are required at any point in time with regard to the ultimate reimbursement to be claimed by the customers. Subsequent revisions to the estimates are recorded and charged to earnings in the period in which they are identified. Rebates and cooperative advertising are classified as a reduction of revenue and presented within net sales in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income. Certain cooperative advertising expenses are reported as components of selling and marketing expenses in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income because the Company receives an identifiable benefit and the fair value of the advertising benefit can be reasonably estimated. (s) Advertising Costs. The Company expenses advertising costs as incurred except for production costs and advance payments, which are deferred and expensed when advertisements run for the first time. Direct response advance payments are deferred and amortized over the life of the program. Advertising costs are included in selling and marketing expenses in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income. Advertising costs charged to expense were $469.0 million, $448.0 million and $432.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Advertising costs include expenditures for shared advertising costs that the Company reimburses to customers under its integrated and cooperative advertising programs. Advertising costs deferred and included in prepaid expenses and other current assets in the accompanying Consolidated Balance Sheets were $10.2 million and $12.4 million as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. (t) Research and Development Expenses. Research and development expenses for new products are expensed as they are incurred and are included in general, administrative and other expenses in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Income. Research and development costs charged to expense were $30.6 million, $29.2 million and $27.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, respectively. (u) Stock-based Compensation. The Company accounts for stock-based payment transactions in which the Company receives employee services in exchange for equity instruments of the Company. Stock-based compensation cost for restricted stock units ("RSUs") and performance restricted stock units ("PRSUs") is measured based on the closing fair market value of the Company's common stock on the date of grant. Stock-based compensation cost for stock options is estimated at the grant date based on each option's fair value as calculated by the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Stock-based compensation cost for equity instruments that include a market performance condition are determined using a Monte Carlo simulation valuation model. The Company recognizes stock-based compensation cost as expense for awards other than its PRSUs ratably on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. The Company recognizes stock-based compensation cost associated with its PRSUs over the requisite service period if it is probable that the performance conditions will be satisfied. The Company evaluates its awards, including modifications, and will adjust the fair value if any are determined to be spring-loaded. The Company recognizes forfeitures of awards as they occur. Further information regarding stock-based compensation can be found in Note 11, "Stock-based Compensation." (v) Treasury Stock. Subject to Delaware law, and the limitations in the 2023 Credit Agreement (as defined in Note 6, "Debt") and the Company's other debt agreements, the Board of Directors may authorize share repurchases of the Company's common stock. Purchases made pursuant to these authorizations may be carried out through open market transactions, negotiated purchases or otherwise, at times and in such amounts as the Company deems appropriate. Shares repurchased under such authorizations are held in treasury for general corporate purposes, including issuances under various employee stock-based award plans. On February 1, 2016, the Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program pursuant to which the Company was permitted to repurchase shares of Tempur Sealy International's common stock. Treasury stock is accounted for under the cost method and reported as a reduction of stockholders' equity. The authority provided under the share repurchase program may be suspended, limited or terminated at any time without notice. Please refer to Note 9, "Stockholders' Equity", for additional information. (w) Pension Obligations. The Company has a noncontributory, defined benefit pension plan covering current and former hourly employees at two of its active Sealy plants and ten previously-closed Sealy U.S. facilities. Sealy Canada, Ltd. (a 100.0% owned subsidiary of the Company) also sponsors a noncontributory, defined benefit pension plan covering hourly employees at one of its facilities. Both plans provide retirement and survivorship benefits based on the employees' credited years of service. The Company's funding policy provides for contributions of an amount between the minimum required and maximum amount that can be deducted for federal income tax purposes. The funded status is measured as the difference between the fair value of plan assets and the benefit obligation at December 31, the measurement date. The benefit obligation is the projected benefit obligation ("PBO"). The PBO represents the actuarial present value of benefits expected to be paid upon retirement based on estimated future compensation levels. The measurement of the PBO is based on the Company's estimates and actuarial valuations. The fair value of plan assets represents the current market value of assets held by an irrevocable trust fund for the sole benefit of participants. These valuations reflect the terms of the plans and use participant-specific information such as compensation, age and years of service, as well as certain assumptions, including discount rates, expected return on plan assets, rate of compensation increases, interest crediting rates and mortality rates. The Company's PBO and fair value of plan assets were $32.6 million and $27.9 million as of December 31, 2023, respectively, and $30.1 million and $25.8 million as of December 31, 2022, respectively. The Company recognizes the funded status of each applicable plan within the Consolidated Balance Sheets as either an asset or liability based on its funded status measured as the difference between the fair value of plan assets and the PBO, which was not material as of December 31, 2023 or 2022.

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