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Income Taxes (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract] |
Consolidated Income Tax Expense | The consolidated income tax expense consists of the following for the years ended December 31 ($ in millions):
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Current provision |  |  |  |  |
Federal | $ | 498 |  |  | $ | 421 |  |  | $ | 485 |
State and local | 107 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 22 |
Total current provision | 605 |  |  | 435 |  |  | 507 |
Deferred provision | (131 | ) |  | (109 | ) |  | 92 |
Total income tax expense | $ | 474 |  |  | $ | 326 |  |  | $ | 599 |
Reconciliation Of Tax Provision At The U.S. Federal Statutory Rate To Income Tax Expense | The reconciliation of the tax provision at the U.S. federal statutory rate to income tax expense for the years ended December 31 is as follows ($ in millions):
| 2018 |  | 2017 |  | 2016
Earnings from operations, before income tax expense | $ | 1,368 |  |  | $ | 1,134 |  |  | $ | 1,160 |
Loss (earnings) attributable to flow through noncontrolling interest | 4 |  |  | 15 |  |  | (8 | )
Earnings from operations, less noncontrolling interest, before income tax expense | 1,372 |  |  | 1,149 |  |  | 1,152 |
Tax provision at the U.S. federal statutory rate | 288 |  |  | 402 |  |  | 402 |
State income taxes, net of federal income tax benefit | 52 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 10 |
Nondeductible compensation | 33 |  |  | 58 |  |  | 23 |
ACA Health Insurer Fee | 149 |  |  | — |  |  | 162 |
Income Tax Reform | — |  |  | (125 | ) |  | — |
Valuation Allowance | (28 | ) |  | 14 |  |  | 10 |
Other, net | (20 | ) |  | (34 | ) |  | (8 | )
Income tax expense | $ | 474 |  |  | $ | 326 |  |  | $ | 599 |
Tax Effects Of Temporary Differences Which Give Rise To Deferred Tax Assets And Liabilities | The tax effects of temporary differences which give rise to deferred tax assets and liabilities are presented below for the years ended December 31 ($ in millions):
| 2018 |  | 2017
Deferred tax assets: |  |  |
Medical claims liability | $ | 78 |  |  | $ | 46 |
Nondeductible liabilities | 128 |  |  | 41 |
Net operating loss and tax credit carryforwards | 77 |  |  | 94 |
Compensation accruals | 109 |  |  | 129 |
Premium and trade receivables | 76 |  |  | 45 |
Other | 61 |  |  | 11 |
Deferred tax assets | 529 |  |  | 366 |
Valuation allowance | (53 | ) |  | (81 | )
Net deferred tax assets | $ | 476 |  |  | $ | 285 |
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |  |
Intangible assets | $ | 343 |  |  | $ | 342 |
Prepaid assets | 31 |  |  | 23 |
Fixed assets | 132 |  |  | 84 |
Investments in joint ventures | 27 |  |  | 20 |
Deferred revenue | 19 |  |  | 26 |
Other | 6 |  |  | 17 |
Deferred tax liabilities | 558 |  |  | 512 |
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities) | $ | (82 | ) |  | $ | (227 | )
Summary of Reserve for Uncertain Tax Positions | The Company maintains a reserve for uncertain tax positions that may be challenged by a tax authority. A rollforward of the beginning and ending amount of uncertain tax positions, exclusive of related interest and penalties, is as follows:
| Year Ended December 31,
| 2018 |  | 2017
Gross unrecognized tax benefits, beginning of period | $ | 257 |  |  | $ | 102 |
Gross increases: |  |  |
Current year tax positions | 7 |  |  | 43 |
Prior year tax positions | 14 |  |  | 113 |
Gross decreases: |  |  |
Statute of limitation lapses | (1 | ) |  | (1 | )
Gross unrecognized tax benefits, end of period | $ | 277 |  |  | $ | 257 |

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- Definition Tabular disclosure of the components of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for each year presented including, but not limited to: current tax expense (benefit), deferred tax expense (benefit), investment tax credits, government grants, the benefits of operating loss carryforwards, tax expense that results from allocating certain tax benefits either directly to contributed capital or to reduce goodwill or other noncurrent intangible assets of an acquired entity, adjustments of a deferred tax liability or asset for enacted changes in tax laws or rates or a change in the tax status of the entity, and adjustments of the beginning-of-the-year balances of a valuation allowance because of a change in circumstances that causes a change in judgment about the realizability of the related deferred tax asset in future years. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 9 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=84230637&loc=d3e32639-109319 + Details
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- Definition Tabular disclosure of the components of net deferred tax asset or liability recognized in an entity's statement of financial position, including the following: the total of all deferred tax liabilities, the total of all deferred tax assets, the total valuation allowance recognized for deferred tax assets. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=84230637&loc=d3e32537-109319 + Details
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- Definition Tabular disclosure of the reconciliation using percentage or dollar amounts of the reported amount of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for the year to the amount of income tax expense that would result from applying domestic federal statutory tax rates to pretax income from continuing operations. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 12 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=84230637&loc=d3e32687-109319 + Details
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- Definition Tabular disclosure of unrecognized tax benefits for which a material change is reasonably possible in the next twelve months, typically including the nature of the uncertainty, the event(s) that could cause a material change, and an estimate of the range of the reasonably possible change or a statement that an estimate of the range cannot be made. An unrecognized tax benefit is the difference between a tax position taken in a tax return and the amounts recognized in the financial statements for which it is more likely than not, based on the technical merits of the position, that the tax position will not be sustained upon examination. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 15 -Subparagraph (d) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=84230637&loc=d3e32718-109319 + Details
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