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Stock Incentive Plans
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Stock Incentive Plans Stock Incentive Plans
 
The Company's stock incentive plans allow for the granting of restricted stock or restricted stock unit awards and options to purchase common stock. Both incentive stock options and nonqualified stock options can be awarded under the plans. However, an immaterial amount of options were granted, exercised or outstanding in 2024. The plans have 10 million shares available for future awards.

Compensation expense for stock options and restricted stock unit awards is recognized on a straight-line basis over the vesting period, generally three to five years for stock options and one to three years for restricted stock or restricted stock unit awards. Vesting is accelerated by one year for individuals who qualify under the Company's retirement eligible provisions. Certain restricted stock unit awards contain performance-based or market-based provisions as well as service-based provisions. The fair value of restricted stock and restricted stock units with only service-based or performance-based provisions is determined using the previous day's market close price at the time of grant. The fair value of restricted stock units with market-based provisions is determined using a Monte Carlo simulation model. The fair value of stock options is determined based on the Black-Scholes option-pricing model. Forfeitures for all stock awards are recognized as they occur. The total compensation cost that has been charged against income for the stock incentive plans was $212 million, $216 million and $234 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The total income tax benefit recognized in the Statements of Operations for stock-based compensation arrangements was $26 million, $101 million and $48 million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
A summary of the Company's non-vested restricted stock and restricted stock unit shares as of December 31, 2024, and changes during the year ended December 31, 2024, is presented below (shares in thousands):
 SharesWeighted Average
Grant Date Fair Value
Non-vested balance, December 31, 2023
7,462 $68.96 
Granted3,741 76.84 
Vested(4,196)69.42 
Forfeited(655)70.88 
Non-vested balance, December 31, 2024
6,352 $73.10 

The total fair value of restricted stock and restricted stock units vested during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, was $317 million, $185 million and $298 million, respectively.

As of December 31, 2024, there was $223 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to non-vested share-based compensation arrangements granted under the plans; that cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.9 years.
The Company maintains an employee stock purchase plan and issued 572 thousand shares, 607 thousand shares and 449 thousand shares in 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.