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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
(Mark One)

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2019

| or

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

| For the transition period from ________ to ________

Commission File No. 1-7259
SOUTHWEST AIRLINES CO.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Texas | 74-1563240
(State or other jurisdiction of | (IRS Employer
incorporation or organization) | Identification No.)
P.O. Box 36611 |
Dallas, | Texas | 75235-1611
(Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code)

Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (214) 792-4000
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock ($1.00 par value) | LUV | New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | x | Accelerated filer | ☐
Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Smaller reporting company | ☐
|  | Emerging growth company | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).Yes ☐ No x
Number of shares of Common Stock outstanding as of the close of business on November 6, 2019: 526,276,126

TABLE OF CONTENTS TO FORM 10-Q
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Stockholders' Equity as of September 30, 2019 and 2018
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
Item 1A. Risk Factors
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Item 5. Other Information
Item 6. Exhibits
SIGNATURES
2

SOUTHWEST AIRLINES CO.
FORM 10-Q
PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements
Southwest Airlines Co.
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet
(in millions)
(unaudited)

| September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
ASSETS |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 2,488 |  |  | $ | 1,854 |
Short-term investments | 1,528 |  |  | 1,835 |
Accounts and other receivables | 867 |  |  | 568 |
Inventories of parts and supplies, at cost | 528 |  |  | 461 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 239 |  |  | 310 |
Total current assets | 5,650 |  |  | 5,028 |
Property and equipment, at cost: |  |  |  |  |
Flight equipment | 21,736 |  |  | 21,753 |
Ground property and equipment | 5,446 |  |  | 4,960 |
Deposits on flight equipment purchase contracts | 933 |  |  | 775 |
Assets constructed for others | 172 |  |  | 1,768 |
| 28,287 |  |  | 29,256 |
Less allowance for depreciation and amortization | 10,445 |  |  | 9,731 |
| 17,842 |  |  | 19,525 |
Goodwill | 970 |  |  | 970 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets | 1,352 |  |  | — |
Other assets | 653 |  |  | 720 |
| $ | 26,467 |  |  | $ | 26,243 |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable | $ | 1,274 |  |  | $ | 1,416 |
Accrued liabilities | 1,456 |  |  | 1,749 |
Current operating lease liabilities | 332 |  |  | — |
Air traffic liability | 4,930 |  |  | 4,134 |
Current maturities of long-term debt | 637 |  |  | 606 |
Total current liabilities | 8,629 |  |  | 7,905 |
Long-term debt less current maturities | 2,398 |  |  | 2,771 |
Air traffic liability - noncurrent | 1,036 |  |  | 936 |
Deferred income taxes | 2,643 |  |  | 2,427 |
Construction obligation | 172 |  |  | 1,701 |
Noncurrent operating lease liabilities | 1,014 |  |  | — |
Other noncurrent liabilities | 644 |  |  | 650 |
Stockholders' equity: |  |  |  |  |
Common stock | 808 |  |  | 808 |
Capital in excess of par value | 1,554 |  |  | 1,510 |
Retained earnings | 17,525 |  |  | 15,967 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | (63 | ) |  | 20 |
Treasury stock, at cost | (9,893 | ) |  | (8,452 | )
Total stockholders' equity | 9,931 |  |  | 9,853 |
| $ | 26,467 |  |  | $ | 26,243 |

See accompanying notes.
3

Southwest Airlines Co.
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income
(in millions, except per share amounts)
(unaudited)

| Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
OPERATING REVENUES: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Passenger | $ | 5,230 |  |  | $ | 5,194 |  |  | $ | 15,462 |  |  | $ | 15,137 |
Freight | 42 |  |  | 43 |  |  | 129 |  |  | 130 |
Other | 367 |  |  | 338 |  |  | 1,107 |  |  | 994 |
Total operating revenues | 5,639 |  |  | 5,575 |  |  | 16,698 |  |  | 16,261 |
OPERATING EXPENSES: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Salaries, wages, and benefits | 2,002 |  |  | 1,912 |  |  | 6,046 |  |  | 5,659 |
Fuel and oil | 1,090 |  |  | 1,205 |  |  | 3,242 |  |  | 3,425 |
Maintenance materials and repairs | 313 |  |  | 283 |  |  | 916 |  |  | 814 |
Landing fees and airport rentals | 345 |  |  | 337 |  |  | 1,036 |  |  | 1,011 |
Depreciation and amortization | 308 |  |  | 301 |  |  | 906 |  |  | 870 |
Other operating expenses | 762 |  |  | 739 |  |  | 2,260 |  |  | 2,096 |
Total operating expenses | 4,820 |  |  | 4,777 |  |  | 14,406 |  |  | 13,875 |
OPERATING INCOME | 819 |  |  | 798 |  |  | 2,292 |  |  | 2,386 |
OTHER EXPENSES (INCOME): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense | 30 |  |  | 33 |  |  | 90 |  |  | 99 |
Capitalized interest | (10 | ) |  | (9 | ) |  | (27 | ) |  | (29 | )
Interest income | (23 | ) |  | (20 | ) |  | (70 | ) |  | (47 | )
Other (gains) losses, net | 3 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 16 |
Total other expenses (income) | — |  |  | 12 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 39 |
INCOME BEFORE INCOME TAXES | 819 |  |  | 786 |  |  | 2,291 |  |  | 2,347 |
PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES | 160 |  |  | 171 |  |  | 504 |  |  | 536 |
NET INCOME | $ | 659 |  |  | $ | 615 |  |  | $ | 1,787 |  |  | $ | 1,811 |
NET INCOME PER SHARE, BASIC | $ | 1.24 |  |  | $ | 1.08 |  |  | $ | 3.30 |  |  | $ | 3.13 |
NET INCOME PER SHARE, DILUTED | $ | 1.23 |  |  | $ | 1.08 |  |  | $ | 3.29 |  |  | $ | 3.13 |
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME | $ | 566 |  |  | $ | 729 |  |  | $ | 1,704 |  |  | $ | 2,229 |
WEIGHTED AVERAGE SHARES OUTSTANDING |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | 533 |  |  | 569 |  |  | 542 |  |  | 578 |
Diluted | 534 |  |  | 569 |  |  | 543 |  |  | 579 |

See accompanying notes.
4

Southwest Airlines Co.
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Stockholders' Equity
(in millions, except per share amounts)
(unaudited)

|  | Common Stock |  | Capital in excess of par value |  | Retained earnings |  | Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) |  | Treasury stock |  | Total
Balance at December 31, 2018 (as reported) |  | $ | 808 |  |  | $ | 1,510 |  |  | $ | 15,967 |  |  | $ | 20 |  |  | $ | (8,452 | ) |  | $ | 9,853 |
Cumulative effect of adopting Accounting Standards Update No. 2016-02, Leases, codified in Accounting Standards Codification 842 (See Note 2) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 55 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 55 |
Balance after adjustment for the new accounting standard |  | $ | 808 |  |  | $ | 1,510 |  |  | $ | 16,022 |  |  | $ | 20 |  |  | $ | (8,452 | ) |  | $ | 9,908 |
Repurchase of common stock |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (500 | ) |  | (500 | )
Issuance of common and treasury stock pursuant to Employee stock plans |  | — |  |  | (10 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6 |  |  | (4 | )
Share-based compensation |  | — |  |  | 13 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 13 |
Cash dividends, $.160 per share |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (89 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (89 | )
Comprehensive income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 387 |  |  | 76 |  |  | — |  |  | 463 |
Balance at March 31, 2019 |  | $ | 808 |  |  | $ | 1,513 |  |  | $ | 16,320 |  |  | $ | 96 |  |  | $ | (8,946 | ) |  | $ | 9,791 |
Repurchase of common stock |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (450 | ) |  | (450 | )
Issuance of common and treasury stock pursuant to Employee stock plans |  | — |  |  | 8 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | 10 |
Share-based compensation |  | — |  |  | 13 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 13 |
Cash dividends, $.180 per share |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (99 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (99 | )
Comprehensive income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 741 |  |  | (66 | ) |  | — |  |  | 675 |
Balance at June 30, 2019 |  | $ | 808 |  |  | $ | 1,534 |  |  | $ | 16,962 |  |  | $ | 30 |  |  | $ | (9,394 | ) |  | $ | 9,940 |
Repurchase of common stock |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (500 | ) |  | (500 | )
Issuance of common and treasury stock pursuant to Employee stock plans |  | — |  |  | 8 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 9 |
Share-based compensation |  | — |  |  | 12 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 12 |
Cash dividends, $.180 per share |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (96 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (96 | )
Comprehensive income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 659 |  |  | (93 | ) |  | — |  |  | 566 |
Balance at September 30, 2019 |  | $ | 808 |  |  | $ | 1,554 |  |  | $ | 17,525 |  |  | $ | (63 | ) |  | $ | (9,893 | ) |  | $ | 9,931 |

5

Southwest Airlines Co.
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Stockholders' Equity
(in millions, except per share amounts)
(unaudited)

|  | Common Stock |  | Capital in excess of par value |  | Retained earnings |  | Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) |  | Treasury stock |  | Total
Balance at December 31, 2017 (as reported) |  | $ | 808 |  |  | $ | 1,451 |  |  | $ | 13,832 |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | (6,462 | ) |  | $ | 9,641 |
Cumulative effect of adopting Accounting Standards Update No. 2017-12, Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 18 |  |  | (18 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |
Balance after adjustment for the new accounting standard |  | $ | 808 |  |  | $ | 1,451 |  |  | $ | 13,850 |  |  | $ | (6 | ) |  | $ | (6,462 | ) |  | $ | 9,641 |
Repurchase of common stock |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (500 | ) |  | (500 | )
Issuance of common and treasury stock pursuant to Employee stock plans |  | — |  |  | (9 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | (4 | )
Share-based compensation |  | — |  |  | 10 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 10 |
Cash dividends, $.125 per share |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (75 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (75 | )
Comprehensive income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 463 |  |  | 84 |  |  | — |  |  | 547 |
Balance at March 31, 2018 |  | $ | 808 |  |  | $ | 1,452 |  |  | $ | 14,238 |  |  | $ | 78 |  |  | $ | (6,957 | ) |  | $ | 9,619 |
Repurchase of common stock |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (500 | ) |  | (500 | )
Issuance of common and treasury stock pursuant to Employee stock plans |  | — |  |  | 8 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 9 |
Share-based compensation |  | — |  |  | 9 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9 |
Cash dividends, $.160 per share |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (93 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (93 | )
Comprehensive income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 733 |  |  | 220 |  |  | — |  |  | 953 |
Balance at June 30, 2018 |  | $ | 808 |  |  | $ | 1,469 |  |  | $ | 14,878 |  |  | $ | 298 |  |  | $ | (7,456 | ) |  | $ | 9,997 |
Repurchase of common stock |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (500 | ) |  | (500 | )
Issuance of common and treasury stock pursuant to Employee stock plans |  | — |  |  | 7 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | 9 |
Share-based compensation |  | — |  |  | 9 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9 |
Cash dividends, $.160 per share |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (91 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (91 | )
Comprehensive income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 615 |  |  | 114 |  |  | — |  |  | 729 |
Balance at September 30, 2018 |  | $ | 808 |  |  | $ | 1,485 |  |  | $ | 15,402 |  |  | $ | 412 |  |  | $ | (7,954 | ) |  | $ | 10,153 |

See accompanying notes.
6

Southwest Airlines Co.
Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
(in millions)
(unaudited)

| Three months ended |  | Nine months ended
| September 30, |  | September 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income | $ | 659 |  |  | $ | 615 |  |  | $ | 1,787 |  |  | $ | 1,811 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by (used in) operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 308 |  |  | 301 |  |  | 906 |  |  | 870 |
Unrealized/realized gains on fuel derivative instruments | — |  |  | (2 | ) |  | — |  |  | (13 | )
Deferred income taxes | 174 |  |  | 104 |  |  | 224 |  |  | 308 |
Changes in certain assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts and other receivables | (88 | ) |  | (13 | ) |  | (292 | ) |  | (109 | )
Other assets | 79 |  |  | (30 | ) |  | 195 |  |  | (243 | )
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities | 106 |  |  | 161 |  |  | (240 | ) |  | 80 |
Air traffic liability | (17 | ) |  | 52 |  |  | 897 |  |  | 1,018 |
Other liabilities | (87 | ) |  | — |  |  | (210 | ) |  | — |
Cash collateral received from derivative counterparties | — |  |  | 10 |  |  | — |  |  | 150 |
Other, net | (43 | ) |  | 73 |  |  | (104 | ) |  | 32 |
Net cash provided by operating activities | 1,091 |  |  | 1,271 |  |  | 3,163 |  |  | 3,904 |
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Capital expenditures | (375 | ) |  | (454 | ) |  | (766 | ) |  | (1,384 | )
Assets constructed for others | — |  |  | (8 | ) |  | — |  |  | (49 | )
Purchases of short-term investments | (529 | ) |  | (678 | ) |  | (1,329 | ) |  | (1,607 | )
Proceeds from sales of short-term and other investments | 545 |  |  | 531 |  |  | 1,648 |  |  | 1,665 |
Other, net | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |
Net cash used in investing activities | (359 | ) |  | (604 | ) |  | (447 | ) |  | (1,370 | )
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from Employee stock plans | 9 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 29 |  |  | 26 |
Reimbursement for assets constructed for others | — |  |  | 8 |  |  | — |  |  | 165 |
Payments of long-term debt and finance lease obligations | (70 | ) |  | (98 | ) |  | (245 | ) |  | (255 | )
Payments of cash dividends | (96 | ) |  | (91 | ) |  | (372 | ) |  | (332 | )
Repayment of construction obligation | — |  |  | (8 | ) |  | — |  |  | (22 | )
Repurchase of common stock | (500 | ) |  | (500 | ) |  | (1,450 | ) |  | (1,500 | )
Other, net | (33 | ) |  | 3 |  |  | (44 | ) |  | (7 | )
Net cash used in financing activities | (690 | ) |  | (677 | ) |  | (2,082 | ) |  | (1,925 | )
NET CHANGE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS | 42 |  |  | (10 | ) |  | 634 |  |  | 609 |
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT BEGINNING OF PERIOD | 2,446 |  |  | 2,114 |  |  | 1,854 |  |  | 1,495 |
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AT END OF PERIOD | $ | 2,488 |  |  | $ | 2,104 |  |  | $ | 2,488 |  |  | $ | 2,104 |
CASH PAYMENTS FOR: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest, net of amount capitalized | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 18 |  |  | $ | 59 |  |  | $ | 70 |
Income taxes | $ | 169 |  |  | $ | 38 |  |  | $ | 487 |  |  | $ | 212 |
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF NONCASH TRANSACTIONS |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Flight equipment under finance leases | $ | — |  |  | $ | 18 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 32 |
Assets constructed for others | $ | 28 |  |  | $ | 46 |  |  | $ | 73 |  |  | $ | 126 |

See accompanying notes.
7

Southwest Airlines Co.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION
Southwest Airlines Co. (the "Company" or "Southwest") operates Southwest Airlines, a major passenger airline that provides scheduled air transportation in the United States and near-international markets. The unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements include accounts of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries.
The accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company and its subsidiaries have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by generally accepted accounting principles in the United States ("GAAP") for complete financial statements. The unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for the interim periods ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 include all adjustments which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of the results for the interim periods. This includes all normal and recurring adjustments and elimination of significant intercompany transactions. Financial results for the Company and airlines in general can be seasonal in nature. In many years, the Company's revenues, as well as its Operating income and Net income, have been better in its second and third fiscal quarters than in its first and fourth fiscal quarters. Air travel is also significantly impacted by general economic conditions, the amount of disposable income available to consumers, unemployment levels, corporate travel budgets, extreme or severe weather and natural disasters, fears of terrorism or war, and other factors beyond the Company's control. These and other factors, such as the price of jet fuel in some periods, the nature of the Company's fuel hedging program, and the periodic volatility of commodities used by the Company for hedging jet fuel, have created, and may continue to create, significant volatility in the Company's financial results. See Note 3 for further information on fuel and the Company's hedging program. Operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for future quarters or for the year ended December 31, 2019. For further information, refer to the Consolidated Financial Statements and footnotes thereto included in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.
Effective as of January 1, 2019, the Company adopted Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2016-02, Leases, codified in Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 842 (the "New Lease Standard"). All amounts and disclosures set forth in this Form 10-Q for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 reflect the adoption of this ASU, while all periods prior to 2019 remain in accordance with prior accounting requirements. See Note 2 for further information.
2. NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS
On August 29, 2018, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (the "FASB") issued ASU No. 2018-15, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software. This new standard requires a customer in a cloud computing arrangement that is a service contract to follow the internal-use software guidance in ASC 350-40, Accounting for Internal-Use Software, to determine which implementation costs to (i) capitalize as assets and amortize over the term of the hosting arrangement or (ii) expense as incurred. This new standard is effective for public business entities in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and for interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, including during an interim period. Entities have the option to apply this standard prospectively to all implementation costs incurred after the date of adoption or retrospectively. The Company is evaluating this new standard, but does not expect it to have a significant impact on its financial statement presentation or results.
On August 28, 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-13, Fair Value Measurement. This standard is effective for public business entities in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and for interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted, including during an interim period. This new standard requires changes to the disclosure requirements for fair value measurements for certain Level 3 items, and specifies that some of the changes must be applied prospectively, while others should be applied retrospectively. The Company is evaluating this new standard,
8

Southwest Airlines Co.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
but does not expect it to have a significant impact on its financial statement disclosures. See Note 8 for further information on the Company's fair value measurements.
On February 25, 2016, the FASB issued the New Lease Standard. The New Lease Standard requires lessees to recognize a right-of-use asset and a lease liability on the balance sheet for all leases (with the exception of short-term leases, as defined in the New Lease Standard) at the lease commencement date and recognize expenses on the income statement in a similar manner to the legacy guidance in ASC 840, Leases ("ASC 840"). The lease liability is measured as the present value of the unpaid lease payments and the right-of-use asset will be derived from the calculation of the lease liability. Lease payments include fixed and in-substance fixed payments, variable payments based on an index or rate, reasonably certain purchase options, termination penalties, fees paid by the lessee to the owners of a special-purpose entity for restructuring the transaction, and probable amounts the lessee will owe under a residual value guarantee. Lease payments do not include (i) variable lease payments other than those that depend on an index or rate, (ii) any guarantee by the lessee of the lessor’s debt, or (iii) any amount allocated to non-lease components, if such election is made upon adoption, per the provisions of the New Lease Standard.
The Company adopted the provisions of the New Lease Standard effective January 1, 2019, using the modified retrospective adoption method, utilizing the simplified transition option available in the New Lease Standard, which allows entities to continue to apply the legacy guidance in ASC 840, including its disclosure requirements, in the comparative periods presented in the year of adoption. The Company elected the package of practical expedients available under the transition provisions of the New Lease Standard, including (i) not reassessing whether expired or existing contracts contain leases, (ii) not reassessing lease classification, and (iii) not revaluing initial direct costs for existing leases.
In addition, the New Lease Standard eliminated the previous build-to-suit lease accounting guidance and resulted in derecognition of build-to-suit assets and liabilities that remained on the balance sheet after the end of the construction period, including the related deferred taxes. However, given the Company's guarantee associated with the bonds issued to fund the Dallas Love Field Modernization Program (the "LFMP"), the remaining debt service amount as of the adoption date was considered a minimum rental payment under the New Lease Standard, and therefore was recorded as a lease liability on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet that will be reduced through future debt service payments made in 2019 and beyond. See Note 7 for disclosures related to the New Lease Standard, and Note 10 for further information on the Company’s build-to-suit projects.
9

Southwest Airlines Co.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
The following table provides the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet impact of applying the New Lease Standard effective as of January 1, 2019. The impact to the Company's results of operations and cash flows was not significant:

| Balance as of January 1, 2019
(in millions) | Balances removed under prior accounting |  | Balances added under New Lease Standard |  | Net impact of New Lease Standard
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (1 | )
Flight equipment | — |  |  | (110 | ) |  | (110 | )
Assets constructed for others | 1,669 |  |  | — |  |  | (1,669 | )
Less allowance for depreciation and amortization | (166 | ) |  | (2 | ) |  | 164 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets | — |  |  | 1,466 |  |  | 1,466 |
Other assets | 121 |  |  | — |  |  | (121 | )
Total assets | $ | 1,625 |  |  | $ | 1,354 |  |  | $ | (271 | )
Accounts payable | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (8 | )
Accrued liabilities | 37 |  |  | — |  |  | (37 | )
Current operating lease liabilities | — |  |  | 355 |  |  | 355 |
Current maturities of long-term debt | — |  |  | (14 | ) |  | (14 | )
Long-term debt less current maturities | — |  |  | (96 | ) |  | (96 | )
Deferred income taxes | (17 | ) |  | — |  |  | 17 |
Construction obligation | 1,602 |  |  | — |  |  | (1,602 | )
Noncurrent operating lease liabilities | — |  |  | 1,119 |  |  | 1,119 |
Other noncurrent liabilities | 60 |  |  | — |  |  | (60 | )
Retained earnings | (65 | ) |  | (10 | ) |  | 55 |
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | $ | 1,625 |  |  | $ | 1,354 |  |  | $ | (271 | )

3. FINANCIAL DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS
Fuel Contracts
Airline operators are inherently dependent upon energy to operate and, therefore, are impacted by changes in jet fuel prices. Furthermore, jet fuel and oil typically represents one of the largest operating expenses for airlines. The Company endeavors to acquire jet fuel at the lowest possible cost and to reduce volatility in operating expenses through its fuel hedging program. Although the Company may periodically enter into jet fuel derivatives for short-term timeframes, because jet fuel is not widely traded on an organized futures exchange, there are limited opportunities to hedge directly in jet fuel for time horizons longer than approximately 24 months into the future. However, the Company has found that financial derivative instruments in other commodities, such as West Texas Intermediate ("WTI") crude oil, Brent crude oil, and refined products, such as heating oil and unleaded gasoline, can be useful in decreasing its exposure to jet fuel price volatility. The Company does not purchase or hold any financial derivative instruments for trading or speculative purposes.
The Company has used financial derivative instruments for both short-term and long-term timeframes, and primarily uses a mixture of purchased call options, collar structures (which include both a purchased call option and a sold put option), call spreads (which include a purchased call option and a sold call option), put spreads (which include a purchased put option and a sold put option), and fixed price swap agreements in its portfolio. Although the use of collar structures and swap agreements can reduce the overall cost of hedging, these instruments carry more risk than purchased call options in that the Company could end up in a liability position when the collar structure or swap agreement settles.
10

Southwest Airlines Co.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
With the use of purchased call options and call spreads, the Company cannot be in a liability position at settlement, but does not have coverage once market prices fall below the strike price of the purchased call option.
For the purpose of evaluating its net cash spend for jet fuel and for forecasting its future estimated jet fuel expense, the Company evaluates its hedge volumes strictly from an "economic" standpoint and thus does not consider whether the hedges have qualified or will qualify for hedge accounting. The Company defines its "economic" hedge as the net volume of fuel derivative contracts held, including the impact of positions that have been offset through sold positions, regardless of whether those contracts qualify for hedge accounting. The level at which the Company is economically hedged for a particular period is also dependent on current market prices for that period, as well as the types of derivative instruments held and the strike prices of those instruments. For example, the Company may enter into "out-of-the-money" option contracts (including "catastrophic" protection), which may not generate intrinsic gains at settlement if market prices do not rise above the option strike price. Therefore, even though the Company may have an economic hedge in place for a particular period, that hedge may not produce any hedging gains at settlement and may even produce hedging losses depending on market prices, the types of instruments held, and the strike prices of those instruments.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company had fuel derivative instruments in place for up to 66 percent and 76 percent, respectively, of its fuel consumption. As of September 30, 2019, the Company also had fuel derivative instruments in place to provide coverage at varying price levels, but up to a maximum of approximately 65 percent of its remaining 2019 estimated fuel consumption, depending on where market prices settle. The following table provides information about the Company’s volume of fuel hedging on an economic basis:

|  | Maximum fuel hedged as of |  |
|  | September 30, 2019 |  | Derivative underlying commodity type as of
Period (by year) |  | (gallons in millions) (a) |  | September 30, 2019
Remainder of 2019 |  | 344 |  |  | WTI crude oil and Brent crude oil
2020 |  | 1,301 |  |  | WTI crude oil, Brent crude oil, and Heating oil
2021 |  | 1,169 |  |  | WTI crude oil and Brent crude oil
2022 |  | 552 |  |  | WTI crude oil and Brent crude oil

(a) Due to the types of derivatives utilized by the Company and different price levels of those contracts, these volumes represent the maximum economic hedge in place.
Upon proper qualification, the Company accounts for its fuel derivative instruments as cash flow hedges. All periodic changes in fair value of the derivatives designated as hedges are recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) ("AOCI") until the underlying jet fuel is consumed. See Note 4.
The Company's results are subject to the possibility that the derivatives will no longer qualify for hedge accounting, in which case any change in the fair value of derivative instruments since the last reporting period would be recorded in Other (gains) losses, net, in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income in the period of the change; however, any amounts previously recorded to AOCI would remain there until such time as the original forecasted transaction occurs, at which time these amounts would be reclassified to Fuel and oil expense. Factors that have and may continue to lead to the loss of hedge accounting include: significant fluctuation in energy prices, significant weather events affecting refinery capacity and the production of refined products, and the volatility of the different types of products the Company uses in hedging. Increased volatility in these commodity markets for an extended period of time, especially if such volatility were to worsen, could cause the Company to lose hedge accounting altogether for the commodities used in its fuel hedging program, which would create further volatility in the Company’s GAAP financial results. However, even though derivatives may not qualify for hedge accounting, the Company continues to hold the instruments as management believes derivative instruments continue to afford the Company the opportunity to stabilize jet fuel costs. When the Company has sold derivative positions in order to effectively "close" or offset a derivative already held as part of its fuel derivative instrument portfolio, any subsequent
11

Southwest Airlines Co.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
changes in fair value of those positions are marked to market through earnings. Likewise, any changes in fair value of those positions that were offset by entering into the sold positions and were de-designated as hedges are concurrently marked to market through earnings. However, any changes in value related to hedges that were deferred as part of AOCI while designated as a hedge would remain until the originally forecasted transaction occurs. In a situation where it becomes probable that a fuel hedged forecasted transaction will not occur, any gains and/or losses that have been recorded to AOCI would be required to be immediately reclassified into earnings. The Company did not have any such situations occur during 2018, or during the nine months ended September 30, 2019.
All cash flows associated with purchasing and selling fuel derivatives are classified as Other operating cash flows in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. The following table presents the location of all assets and liabilities associated with the Company’s derivative instruments within the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet:

|  |  |  | Asset derivatives |  | Liability derivatives
|  | Balance Sheet |  | Fair value at |  | Fair value at |  | Fair value at |  | Fair value at
(in millions) |  | location |  | 9/30/2019 |  | 12/31/2018 |  | 9/30/2019 |  | 12/31/2018
Derivatives designated as hedges (a) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fuel derivative contracts (gross) |  | Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  | $ | 35 |  |  | $ | 43 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Fuel derivative contracts (gross) |  | Other assets |  | 79 |  |  | 95 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Interest rate derivative contracts |  | Other assets |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Interest rate derivative contracts |  | Accrued liabilities |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 20 |  |  | 2 |
Interest rate derivative contracts |  | Other noncurrent liabilities |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |  |  | 12 |
Total derivatives designated as hedges |  | $ | 115 |  |  | $ | 138 |  |  | $ | 24 |  |  | $ | 14 |

(a) Represents the position of each trade before consideration of offsetting positions with each counterparty and does not include the impact of cash collateral deposits provided to or received from counterparties. See discussion of credit risk and collateral following in this Note.
The following table presents the amounts recorded on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet related to fair value hedges:

Balance Sheet location of hedged item |  | Carrying amount of the hedged liabilities |  | Cumulative amount of fair value hedging adjustment included in the carrying amount of the hedged liabilities (a)
|  | September 30, |  | September 30,
(in millions) |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Current maturities of long-term debt |  | $ | 300 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | — |
Long-term debt less current maturities |  | 501 |  |  | 783 |  |  | 18 |  |  | 3 |
|  | $ | 801 |  |  | $ | 783 |  |  | $ | 20 |  |  | $ | 3 |

(a) At September 30, 2019 and 2018, these amounts include the cumulative amount of fair value hedging adjustments remaining for which hedge accounting has been discontinued of $19 million and $20 million, respectively.
12

Southwest Airlines Co.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
In addition, the Company had the following amounts associated with fuel derivative instruments and hedging activities in its unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet:

|  | Balance Sheet |  | September 30, |  | December 31,
(in millions) |  | location |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Due to third parties for fuel contracts |  | Accounts payable |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | — |
Receivable from third parties for fuel contracts |  | Accounts and other receivables |  | — |  |  | 2 |

All of the Company's fuel derivative instruments and interest rate swaps are subject to agreements that follow the netting guidance in the applicable accounting standards for derivatives and hedging. The types of derivative instruments the Company has determined are subject to netting requirements in the accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet are those in which the Company pays or receives cash for transactions with the same counterparty and in the same currency via one net payment or receipt. For cash collateral held by the Company or provided to counterparties, the Company nets such amounts against the fair value of the Company's derivative portfolio by each counterparty. The Company has elected to utilize netting for both its fuel derivative instruments and interest rate swap agreements and also classifies such amounts as either current or noncurrent, based on the net fair value position with each of the Company's counterparties in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. As of September 30, 2019, no cash collateral deposits were provided by or held by the Company from counterparties based on its outstanding fuel derivative portfolio, and no cash collateral deposits were provided by or held by the Company based on its outstanding interest rate swap agreements.
13

Southwest Airlines Co.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
The Company has the following recognized financial assets and financial liabilities resulting from those transactions that meet the scope of the disclosure requirements as necessitated by applicable accounting guidance for balance sheet offsetting:

Offsetting of derivative assets |
(in millions) |
|  |  |  | (i) |  | (ii) |  | (iii) = (i) + (ii) |  | (i) |  | (ii) |  | (iii) = (i) + (ii) |
|  |  |  | September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018 |
Description |  | Balance Sheet location |  | Gross amounts of recognized assets |  | Gross amounts offset in the Balance Sheet |  | Net amounts of assets presented in the Balance Sheet |  | Gross amounts of recognized assets |  | Gross amounts offset in the Balance Sheet |  | Net amounts of assets presented in the Balance Sheet |
Fuel derivative contracts |  | Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  | $ | 35 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 35 |  |  | $ | 43 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 43 |  |
Fuel derivative contracts |  | Other assets |  | $ | 79 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 79 |  | (a) | $ | 95 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 95 |  | (a)
Interest rate derivative contracts |  | Other assets |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1 |  | (a) | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  | (a)

(a) The net amounts of derivative assets and liabilities are reconciled to the individual line item amounts presented in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet in Note 9.

Offsetting of derivative liabilities |
(in millions) |
|  |  |  | (i) |  | (ii) |  | (iii) = (i) + (ii) |  | (i) |  | (ii) |  | (iii) = (i) + (ii) |
|  |  |  | September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018 |
Description |  | Balance Sheet location |  | Gross amounts of recognized liabilities |  | Gross amounts offset in the Balance Sheet |  | Net amounts of liabilities presented in the Balance Sheet |  | Gross amounts of recognized liabilities |  | Gross amounts offset in the Balance Sheet |  | Net amounts of liabilities presented in the Balance Sheet |
Interest rate derivative contracts |  | Accrued liabilities |  | $ | 20 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 20 |  |  | $ | 2 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2 |  |
Interest rate derivative contracts |  | Other noncurrent liabilities |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4 |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 12 |  |

14

Southwest Airlines Co.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
The following tables present the impact of derivative instruments and their location within the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018:

Location and amount recognized in income on cash flow and fair value hedging relationships
|  | Three months ended September 30, 2019 |  | Three months ended September 30, 2018
(in millions) |  | Fuel and oil |  | Interest expense |  | Fuel and oil |  | Interest expense
Total |  | $ | 19 |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | (20 | ) |  | $ | 9 |
(Gain) loss on cash flow hedging relationships: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodity contracts: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amount of (gain) loss reclassified from AOCI into income |  | 19 |  |  | — |  |  | (20 | ) |  | — |
Interest contracts: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amount of loss reclassified from AOCI into income |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |
Impact of fair value hedging relationships: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest contracts: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Hedged items |  | — |  |  | 6 |  |  | — |  |  | 6 |
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2 |

Location and amount recognized in income on cash flow and fair value hedging relationships
|  | Nine months ended September 30, 2019 |  | Nine months ended September 30, 2018
(in millions) |  | Fuel and oil |  | Interest expense |  | Fuel and oil |  | Interest expense
Total |  | $ | 28 |  |  | $ | 21 |  |  | $ | (32 | ) |  | $ | 26 |
(Gain) loss on cash flow hedging relationships: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodity contracts: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amount of (gain) loss reclassified from AOCI into income |  | 28 |  |  | — |  |  | (32 | ) |  | — |
Interest contracts: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amount of loss reclassified from AOCI into income |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | 4 |
Impact of fair value hedging relationships: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest contracts: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Hedged items |  | — |  |  | 17 |  |  | — |  |  | 17 |
Derivatives designated as hedging instruments |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |

15

Southwest Airlines Co.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)

Derivatives designated and qualified in cash flow hedging relationships
| (Gain) loss recognized in AOCI on derivatives, net of tax
| Three months ended
| September 30,
(in millions) | 2019 |  | 2018
Fuel derivative contracts | $ | 95 |  |  | $ | (122 | )
Interest rate derivatives | 17 |  |  | — |
Total | $ | 112 |  |  | $ | (122 | )

Derivatives designated and qualified in cash flow hedging relationships
| (Gain) loss recognized in AOCI on derivatives, net of tax
| Nine months ended
| September 30,
(in millions) | 2019 |  | 2018
Fuel derivative contracts | $ | 83 |  |  | $ | (428 | )
Interest rate derivatives | 43 |  |  | (2 | )
Total | $ | 126 |  |  | $ | (430 | )

Derivatives not designated as hedges
| Gain recognized in income on derivatives |  |
| Nine months ended |  | Location of gain recognized in income on derivatives
| September 30, |
(in millions) | 2019 |  | 2018 |
Interest rate derivatives | $ | — |  |  | $ | (2 | ) |  | Interest expense

The Company also recorded expense associated with premiums paid for fuel derivative contracts that settled/expired during the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 of $20 million and $34 million, respectively, and the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 of $75 million and $101 million, respectively. These amounts are recognized through changes in fair value within AOCI for designated hedges, and are ultimately recorded as a component of Fuel and oil in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income during the period the contracts settle.
The fair values of the derivative instruments, depending on the type of instrument, were determined by the use of present value methods or option value models with assumptions about commodity prices based on those observed in underlying markets or provided by third parties. Included in the Company’s cumulative net unrealized losses from fuel hedges as of September 30, 2019, recorded in AOCI, were approximately $43 million in unrealized losses, net of taxes, which are expected to be realized in earnings during the twelve months subsequent to September 30, 2019.
Interest Rate Swaps
The Company is party to certain interest rate swap agreements that are accounted for as either fair value hedges or cash flow hedges, as defined in the applicable accounting guidance for derivative instruments and hedging. Several of the Company's interest rate swap agreements qualify for the "shortcut" method of accounting for hedges, which dictates that the hedges are assumed to be perfectly effective, and thus there is no ineffectiveness to be recorded in earnings.
16

Southwest Airlines Co.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
For the Company’s interest rate swap agreements that do not qualify for the "shortcut" or "critical terms match" methods of accounting, ineffectiveness is assessed at each reporting period. If hedge accounting is achieved, all periodic changes in fair value of the interest rate swaps are recorded in AOCI.
Credit Risk and Collateral
Credit exposure related to fuel derivative instruments is represented by the fair value of contracts that are an asset to the Company at the reporting date. At such times, these outstanding instruments expose the Company to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the counterparties to the agreements. However, the Company has not experienced any significant credit loss as a result of counterparty nonperformance in the past. To manage credit risk, the Company selects and periodically reviews counterparties based on credit ratings, limits its exposure with respect to each counterparty, and monitors the market position of the fuel hedging program and its relative market position with each counterparty. At September 30, 2019, the Company had agreements with all of its active counterparties containing early termination rights and/or bilateral collateral provisions whereby security is required if market risk exposure exceeds a specified threshold amount based on the counterparty credit rating. The Company also had agreements with counterparties in which cash deposits, letters of credit, and/or pledged aircraft are required to be posted as collateral whenever the net fair value of derivatives associated with those counterparties exceeds specific thresholds. In certain cases, the Company has the ability to substitute among these different forms of collateral at its discretion.
17

Southwest Airlines Co.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
The following table provides the fair values of fuel derivatives, amounts posted as collateral, and applicable collateral posting threshold amounts as of September 30, 2019, at which such postings are triggered:

| Counterparty (CP) |  |
(in millions) | A |  | B |  | C |  | D |  | E |  | F |  | Other (a) |  | Total
Fair value of fuel derivatives | $ | 25 |  |  | $ | 18 |  |  | $ | 35 |  |  | $ | 12 |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | 7 |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 114 |
Cash collateral held from CP | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Aircraft collateral pledged to CP | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Letters of credit (LC) | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Option to substitute LC for aircraft | (200) to (600)(b) |  | N/A |  | (150) to (550)(c) |  | (150) to (550)(c) |  | N/A |  | N/A |  |  |  |
Option to substitute LC for cash | N/A |  | N/A |  | (75) to (150) or >(550)(c) |  | (125) to (150) or >(550)(d) |  | (d) |  | N/A |  |  |  |
If credit rating is investment grade, fair value of fuel derivative level at which: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash is provided to CP | (50) to (200) or >(600) |  | >(50) |  | (75) to (150) or >(550)(e) |  | (125) to (150) or >(550)(e) |  | >(40) |  | >(70)(e) |  |  |  |
Cash is received from CP | >50(e) |  | >150(e) |  | >250(e) |  | >125(e) |  | >100(e) |  | >70(e) |  |  |  |
Aircraft or cash can be pledged to CP as collateral | (200) to (600)(f) |  | N/A |  | (150) to (550)(c) |  | (150) to (550)(c) |  | N/A |  | N/A |  |  |  |
If credit rating is non-investment grade, fair value of fuel derivative level at which: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash is provided to CP | (0) to (200) or >(600) |  | (g) |  | (0) to (150) or >(550) |  | (0) to (150) or >(550) |  | (g) |  | (g) |  |  |  |
Cash is received from CP | (g) |  | (g) |  | (g) |  | (g) |  | (g) |  | (g) |  |  |  |
Aircraft or cash can be pledged to CP as collateral | (200) to (600) |  | N/A |  | (150) to (550) |  | (150) to (550) |  | N/A |  | N/A |  |  |  |

(a) Individual counterparties with fair value of fuel derivatives < $7 million.
(b) The Company has the option of providing letters of credit in addition to aircraft collateral if the appraised value of the aircraft does not meet the collateral requirements.
(c) The Company has the option of providing cash, letters of credit, or pledging aircraft as collateral.
(d) The Company has the option to substitute letters of credit for 100 percent of cash collateral requirement.
(e) Thresholds may vary based on changes in credit ratings within investment grade.
(f) The Company has the option of providing cash or pledging aircraft as collateral.
(g) Cash collateral is provided at 100 percent of fair value of fuel derivative contracts.
18

Southwest Airlines Co.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
4. COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
Comprehensive income includes changes in the fair value of certain financial derivative instruments that qualify for hedge accounting, unrealized gains and losses on certain investments, and actuarial gains/losses arising from the Company’s postretirement benefit obligation. The differences between Net income and Comprehensive income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 were as follows:

| Three months ended September 30,
(in millions) | 2019 |  | 2018
NET INCOME | $ | 659 |  |  | $ | 615 |
Unrealized gain (loss) on fuel derivative instruments, net of deferred taxes of ($24) and $32 | (80 | ) |  | 107 |
Unrealized gain (loss) on interest rate derivative instruments, net of deferred taxes of ($5) and $- | (15 | ) |  | 1 |
Other, net of deferred taxes of $- and $1 | 2 |  |  | 6 |
Total other comprehensive income (loss) | $ | (93 | ) |  | $ | 114 |
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME | $ | 566 |  |  | $ | 729 |

| Nine months ended September 30,
(in millions) | 2019 |  | 2018
NET INCOME | $ | 1,787 |  |  | $ | 1,811 |
Unrealized gain (loss) on fuel derivative instruments, net of deferred taxes of ($18) and $123 | (61 | ) |  | 404 |
Unrealized gain (loss) on interest rate derivative instruments, net of deferred taxes of ($13) and $1 | (40 | ) |  | 5 |
Other, net of deferred taxes of $4 and $1 | 18 |  |  | 9 |
Total other comprehensive income (loss) | $ | (83 | ) |  | $ | 418 |
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME | $ | 1,704 |  |  | $ | 2,229 |

A rollforward of the amounts included in AOCI is shown below for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019:

(in millions) | Fuel derivatives |  | Interest rate derivatives |  | Defined benefit plan items |  | Other |  | Deferred tax |  | Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
Balance at June 30, 2019 | $ | (31 | ) |  | $ | (33 | ) |  | $ | 58 |  |  | $ | 45 |  |  | $ | (9 | ) |  | $ | 30 |
Changes in fair value | (123 | ) |  | (22 | ) |  | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | 33 |  |  | (110 | )
Reclassification to earnings | 19 |  |  | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (4 | ) |  | 17 |
Balance at September 30, 2019 | $ | (135 | ) |  | $ | (53 | ) |  | $ | 58 |  |  | $ | 47 |  |  | $ | 20 |  |  | $ | (63 | )

19

Southwest Airlines Co.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)

(in millions) | Fuel derivatives |  | Interest rate derivatives |  | Defined benefit plan items |  | Other |  | Deferred tax |  | Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)
Balance at December 31, 2018 | $ | (56 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 58 |  |  | $ | 25 |  |  | $ | (7 | ) |  | $ | 20 |
Changes in fair value | (107 | ) |  | (56 | ) |  | — |  |  | 22 |  |  | 33 |  |  | (108 | )
Reclassification to earnings | 28 |  |  | 3 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (6 | ) |  | 25 |
Balance at September 30, 2019 | $ | (135 | ) |  | $ | (53 | ) |  | $ | 58 |  |  | $ | 47 |  |  | $ | 20 |  |  | $ | (63 | )

The following tables illustrate the significant amounts reclassified out of each component of AOCI for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019:

Three months ended September 30, 2019
(in millions) |  | Amounts reclassified from AOCI |  | Affected line item in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income
AOCI components |  |
Unrealized loss on fuel derivative instruments |  | $ | 19 |  |  | Fuel and oil expense
|  | 4 |  |  | Less: Tax expense
|  | $ | 15 |  |  | Net of tax
Unrealized loss on interest rate derivative instruments |  | $ | 2 |  |  | Interest expense
|  | — |  |  | Less: Tax expense
|  | $ | 2 |  |  | Net of tax
Total reclassifications for the period |  | $ | 17 |  |  | Net of tax

Nine months ended September 30, 2019
(in millions) |  | Amounts reclassified from AOCI |  | Affected line item in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income
AOCI components |  |
Unrealized loss on fuel derivative instruments |  | $ | 28 |  |  | Fuel and oil expense
|  | 6 |  |  | Less: Tax Expense
|  | $ | 22 |  |  | Net of tax
Unrealized loss on interest rate derivative instruments |  | $ | 3 |  |  | Interest expense
|  | — |  |  | Less: Tax Expense
|  | $ | 3 |  |  | Net of tax
Total reclassifications for the period |  | $ | 25 |  |  | Net of tax

20

Southwest Airlines Co.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
5. REVENUE
Passenger Revenues
The Company’s contracts with its Customers primarily consist of its tickets sold, which are initially deferred as Air traffic liability. Passenger revenue associated with tickets is recognized when the performance obligation to the Customer is satisfied, which is primarily when travel is provided.
Revenue is categorized by revenue source as the Company believes it best depicts the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flow. The following table provides the components of Passenger revenue recognized for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018:

| Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
(in millions) | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Passenger non-loyalty | $ | 4,400 |  |  | $ | 4,417 |  |  | $ | 13,126 |  |  | $ | 12,969 |
Passenger loyalty - air transportation | 657 |  |  | 623 |  |  | 1,814 |  |  | 1,702 |
Passenger ancillary sold separately | 173 |  |  | 154 |  |  | 522 |  |  | 466 |
Total passenger revenues | $ | 5,230 |  |  | $ | 5,194 |  |  | $ | 15,462 |  |  | $ | 15,137 |

As of September 30, 2019, and December 31, 2018, the components of Air traffic liability, including contract liabilities based on tickets sold, unused funds available to the Customer, and loyalty points available for redemption, net of expected spoilage, within the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet were as follows:

| Balance as of
(in millions) | September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Air traffic liability - passenger travel and ancillary passenger services | $ | 2,627 |  |  | $ | 2,059 |
Air traffic liability - loyalty program | 3,339 |  |  | 3,011 |
Total Air traffic liability | $ | 5,966 |  |  | $ | 5,070 |

21

Southwest Airlines Co.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
The balance in Air traffic liability – passenger travel and ancillary passenger services also includes unused funds that are available for use by Customers and are not currently associated with a ticket, but represent funds effectively refunded and made available for use to purchase a ticket for a flight that occurs prior to their expiration. These funds are typically created as a result of a prior ticket cancellation or exchange. These performance obligations are expected to have a duration of twelve months or less; therefore, the Company has elected to not disclose the amount of the remaining transaction price and its expected timing of recognition for passenger tickets. Recognition of revenue associated with the Company’s loyalty liability can be difficult to predict, as the number of award seats available to members is not currently restricted and they could choose to redeem their points at any time that a seat is available. The performance obligations classified as a current liability related to the Company’s loyalty program were estimated based on expected redemptions utilizing historical redemption patterns, and forecasted flight availability, fares, and coefficients. The entire balance classified as Air traffic liability – noncurrent relates to loyalty points that were estimated to be redeemed in periods beyond 12 months following the representative balance sheet date. Based on historical trends, the Company expects the majority of loyalty points to be redeemed within two years. Rollforwards of the Company's Air traffic liability - loyalty program for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 were as follows (in millions):

| Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
Air traffic liability - loyalty program - beginning balance | $ | 3,289 |  |  | $ | 2,919 |  |  | $ | 3,011 |  |  | $ | 2,667 |
Amounts deferred associated with points awarded | 727 |  |  | 669 |  |  | 2,195 |  |  | 2,027 |
Revenue recognized from points redeemed - Passenger | (657 | ) |  | (623 | ) |  | (1,814 | ) |  | (1,702 | )
Revenue recognized from points redeemed - Other | (20 | ) |  | (17 | ) |  | (53 | ) |  | (44 | )
Air traffic liability - loyalty program - ending balance | $ | 3,339 |  |  | $ | 2,948 |  |  | $ | 3,339 |  |  | $ | 2,948 |

Air traffic liability includes consideration received for ticket and loyalty related performance obligations which have not been satisfied as of a given date. Rollforwards of the amounts included in Air traffic liability as of September 30, 2019 and 2018 were as follows (in millions):

| Air traffic liability
Balance at December 31, 2018 | $ | 5,070 |
Current period sales (passenger travel, ancillary services, flight loyalty, and partner loyalty) | 16,410 |
Revenue from amounts included in contract liability opening balances | (3,160 | )
Revenue from current period sales | (12,354 | )
Balance at September 30, 2019 | $ | 5,966 |

| Air traffic liability
Balance at December 31, 2017 | $ | 4,565 |
Current period sales (passenger travel, ancillary services, flight loyalty, and partner loyalty) | 16,200 |
Revenue from amounts included in contract liability opening balances | (3,098 | )
Revenue from current period sales | (12,084 | )
Balance at September 30, 2018 | $ | 5,583 |

The Company has a co-branded credit card agreement (“Agreement”) with Chase Bank USA, N.A. (“Chase”), through which the Company sells loyalty points and certain marketing components, which consist of the use of Southwest Airlines’ brand and access to Rapid Rewards Member lists, licensing and advertising elements, and the use of the Company’s resource team. The Company recognized revenue related to the marketing, advertising, and other travel-related benefits of the revenue associated with various loyalty partner agreements including, but not limited to, the
22

Southwest Airlines Co.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
Agreement with Chase, within Other operating revenues. For the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company recognized $329 million and $290 million, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018, the Company recognized $984 million and $856 million, respectively.
6. NET INCOME PER SHARE
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net income per share (in millions, except per share amounts):

| Three months ended September 30, |  | Nine months ended September 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
NUMERATOR: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income | $ | 659 |  |  | $ | 615 |  |  | $ | 1,787 |  |  | $ | 1,811 |
DENOMINATOR: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted-average shares outstanding, basic | 533 |  |  | 569 |  |  | 542 |  |  | 578 |
Dilutive effect of restricted stock units | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 |
Adjusted weighted-average shares outstanding, diluted | 534 |  |  | 569 |  |  | 543 |  |  | 579 |
NET INCOME PER SHARE: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 1.24 |  |  | $ | 1.08 |  |  | $ | 3.30 |  |  | $ | 3.13 |
Diluted | $ | 1.23 |  |  | $ | 1.08 |  |  | $ | 3.29 |  |  | $ | 3.13 |

7. LEASES
The Company enters into leases for aircraft, property, and other types of equipment in the normal course of business. The accounting for these leases follows the requirements of the New Lease Standard, which the Company adopted as of January 1, 2019. See Note 2. For leases with terms greater than 12 months, an asset and lease liability are initially recorded at an amount equal to the present value of the unpaid lease payments. The Company's lease term includes any option to extend the lease when it is reasonably certain that it will exercise that option. The Company uses its estimated incremental borrowing rate, which is derived from information available at the lease commencement date, in determining the present value of lease payments, since the Company does not know the actual implicit rates in its leases. The Company gives consideration to its recent debt issuances as well as publicly available data for instruments with similar characteristics when calculating its incremental borrowing rate. The Company does not separate lease and nonlease components within any of its agreements.
As of September 30, 2019, the Company held aircraft leases with remaining terms ranging from one month to 12 years. The aircraft leases generally can be renewed for one to five years at rates based on fair market value at the end of the lease term. Residual value guarantees included in the Company's lease agreements are not material. On July 9, 2012, the Company signed an agreement with Delta Air Lines, Inc. and Boeing Capital Corp. to lease or sublease 88 AirTran Airways, Inc. Boeing 717-200 aircraft ("B717s") to Delta at agreed-upon lease rates. Excluding aircraft for which the leases had expired as of September 30, 2019, the following remained: 68 on operating leases, ten owned, and two on finance leases. The sublease terms for the 68 B717s on operating lease and the two B717s on finance lease coincide with the Company's remaining lease terms for these aircraft from the original lessor, which have remaining lease terms ranging from approximately one month to five years. The Company's future sublease income associated with the 68 B717s on operating lease as of September 30, 2019 was as follows: $23 million remaining in 2019, $78 million in 2020, $41 million in 2021, $17 million in 2022, $7 million in 2023, and $1 million in 2024. The leasing of the ten B717s that are owned by the Company is subject to certain conditions, and the remaining lease terms are up to four years, after which Delta will have the option to purchase the aircraft at the then-prevailing fair market value. The ten owned B717s are accounted for as sales type leases, the two B717s classified by the Company as finance leases are accounted
23

Southwest Airlines Co.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
for as direct financing leases, and the remaining 68 subleases are accounted for as operating leases. There are no contingent payments and no significant residual value conditions associated with the transaction.
At each airport where the Company conducts flight operations, the Company has lease agreements, generally with a governmental unit or authority, for the use of airport terminals, airfields, office space, cargo warehouses, and/or maintenance facilities. These leases are classified as operating lease agreements and have lease terms remaining ranging from one month to 27 years. The majority of the airport terminal leases contain certain provisions for periodic adjustments to rates that depend upon airport operating costs or use of the facilities, and are reset at least annually. Due to the nature and variability of the rates, the majority of these leases are not recorded on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.
The Company also leases certain technology assets, fuel storage tanks, and various other equipment that qualify as leases under the New Lease Standard. The remaining lease terms range from three months to eight years. Certain leases can be renewed from one to five years.
Lease-related assets and liabilities recorded on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet were as follows:

(in millions) | Balance Sheet location | September 30, 2019
Assets |  |
Operating | Operating lease right-of-use assets (net) | $ | 1,352 |
Finance | Property and equipment (net of allowance for depreciation and amortization of $430) | 835 |
Total lease assets |  | $ | 2,187 |
Liabilities |  |
Current |  |
Operating | Current operating lease liabilities | $ | 332 |
Finance | Current maturities of long-term debt | 86 |
Noncurrent |  |
Operating | Noncurrent operating lease liabilities | 1,014 |
Finance | Long-term debt less current maturities | 586 |
Total lease liabilities |  | $ | 2,018 |

The components of lease costs, included in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income, were as follows:

(in millions) | Statement of Comprehensive Income location | Three months ended September 30, 2019 |  | Nine months ended September 30, 2019
Operating lease cost - aircraft (a) | Other operating expenses | $ | 44 |  |  | $ | 132 |
Operating lease cost - other | Landing fees and airport rentals, and Other operating expenses | 22 |  |  | 66 |
Short-term lease cost | Other operating expenses | 1 |  |  | 3 |
Variable lease cost | Landing fees and airport rentals, and Other operating expenses | 337 |  |  | 1,016 |
Finance lease cost: |  |  |  |
Amortization of lease liabilities | Depreciation and amortization | 29 |  |  | 87 |
Interest on lease liabilities | Interest expense | 6 |  |  | 20 |
Total net lease cost |  | $ | 439 |  |  | $ | 1,324 |

(a) Net of sublease income of $25 million and $75 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively.
24

Southwest Airlines Co.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
Supplemental cash flow information related to leases, included in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows, was as follows:

(in millions) | Three months ended September 30, 2019 |  | Nine months ended September 30, 2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: |  |  |
Operating cash flows for operating leases | $ | 95 |  |  | $ | 298 |
Operating cash flows for finance leases | 6 |  |  | 20 |
Financing cash flows for finance leases | 21 |  |  | 64 |
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations: |  |  |
Operating leases | 6 |  |  | 130 |
Finance leases | — |  |  | 1 |

As of September 30, 2019, maturities of lease liabilities were as follows:

(in millions) | Operating leases |  | Finance leases
Remainder of 2019 | $ | 115 |  |  | $ | 28 |
2020 | 347 |  |  | 109 |
2021 | 213 |  |  | 104 |
2022 | 141 |  |  | 101 |
2023 | 111 |  |  | 97 |
Thereafter | 753 |  |  | 338 |
Total lease payments | $ | 1,680 |  |  | $ | 777 |
Less imputed interest | (334 | ) |  | (105 | )
Total lease obligations | 1,346 |  |  | 672 |
Less current obligations | (332 | ) |  | (86 | )
Long-term lease obligations | $ | 1,014 |  |  | $ | 586 |

The table below presents additional information related to the Company's leases as of September 30, 2019:

Weighted average remaining lease term |
Operating leases | 9 years |
Finance leases | 8 years |
Weighted average discount rate |
Operating leases (a) | 3.8 | %
Finance leases | 3.8 | %

(a) Upon adoption of the New Lease Standard, the incremental borrowing rate used for existing leases was established as of January 1, 2019.
As of September 30, 2019, the Company had additional operating lease commitments that had not yet commenced of approximately $533 million for 16 Boeing 737 MAX 8 aircraft expected to be delivered in 2019 and 2020, each with lease terms that range from eight to nine years.
25

Southwest Airlines Co.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
Disclosures related to periods prior to the adoption of the New Lease Standard
Future minimum lease payments under capital leases and noncancelable operating leases and rentals to be received under subleases with initial or remaining terms in excess of one year at December 31, 2018, were as follows:

(in millions) |  | Capital leases |  | Operating leases |  | Subleases |  | Operating leases, net
2019 |  | $ | 111 |  |  | $ | 348 |  |  | $ | (92 | ) |  | $ | 256 |
2020 |  | 109 |  |  | 357 |  |  | (78 | ) |  | 279 |
2021 |  | 105 |  |  | 244 |  |  | (41 | ) |  | 203 |
2022 |  | 100 |  |  | 172 |  |  | (17 | ) |  | 155 |
2023 |  | 97 |  |  | 146 |  |  | (7 | ) |  | 139 |
Thereafter |  | 335 |  |  | 474 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | 473 |
Total minimum lease payments |  | $ | 857 |  |  | $ | 1,741 |  |  | $ | (236 | ) |  | $ | 1,505 |
Less amount representing interest |  | 126 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Present value of minimum lease payments (a) |  | 731 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Less current portion |  | 85 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Long-term portion |  | $ | 646 |  |  |  |  |  |  |

(a) Excludes lease incentive obligation of $114 million.
8. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
Accounting standards pertaining to fair value measurements establish a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. These tiers include: Level 1, defined as observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets; Level 2, defined as inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable; and Level 3, defined as unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions.
As of September 30, 2019, the Company held certain items that are required to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis. These included cash equivalents, short-term investments (primarily treasury bills and certificates of deposit), interest rate derivative contracts, fuel derivative contracts, and available-for-sale securities. The majority of the Company’s short-term investments consist of instruments classified as Level 1. However, the Company has certificates of deposit, commercial paper, and time deposits that are classified as Level 2, due to the fact that the fair value for these instruments is determined utilizing observable inputs in non-active markets. Other available-for-sale securities primarily consist of investments associated with the Company’s excess benefit plan.
The Company’s fuel and interest rate derivative instruments consist of over-the-counter contracts, which are not traded on a public exchange. Fuel derivative instruments currently consist solely of option contracts, whereas interest rate derivatives consist solely of swap agreements. See Note 3 for further information on the Company’s derivative instruments and hedging activities. The fair values of swap contracts are determined based on inputs that are readily available in public markets or can be derived from information available in publicly quoted markets. Therefore, the Company has categorized these swap contracts as Level 2. The Company’s Treasury Department, which reports to the Chief Financial Officer, determines the value of option contracts utilizing an option pricing model based on inputs that are either readily available in public markets, can be derived from information available in publicly quoted markets, or are provided by financial institutions that trade these contracts. The option pricing model used by the Company is an industry standard model for valuing options and is the same model used by the broker/dealer community (i.e., the Company’s counterparties). The inputs to this option pricing model are the option strike price, underlying price, risk free rate of interest, time to expiration, and volatility. Because certain inputs used to determine the fair value of option contracts are unobservable (principally implied volatility), the Company has categorized these option contracts as Level 3. Volatility information is obtained from external sources, but is analyzed by the Company for reasonableness and compared to similar information received from other external sources. The fair value of option contracts considers both the intrinsic value and any remaining time value associated with those derivatives that have not yet settled. The
26

Southwest Airlines Co.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
Company also considers counterparty credit risk and its own credit risk in its determination of all estimated fair values. To validate the reasonableness of the Company’s option pricing model, on a monthly basis, the Company compares its option valuations to third party valuations. If any significant differences were to be noted, they would be researched in order to determine the reason. However, historically, no significant differences have been noted. The Company has consistently applied these valuation techniques in all periods presented and believes it has obtained the most accurate information available for the types of derivative contracts it holds.
Included in Other available-for-sale securities are the Company’s investments associated with its deferred compensation plans, which consist of mutual funds that are publicly traded and for which market prices are readily available. These plans are non-qualified deferred compensation plans designed to hold contributions in excess of limits established by the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. The distribution timing and payment amounts under these plans are made based on the participant’s distribution election and plan balance. Assets related to the funded portions of the deferred compensation plans are held in a rabbi trust, and the Company remains liable to these participants for the unfunded portion of the plans. The Company records changes in the fair value of the assets in the Company’s earnings.
The following tables present the Company’s assets and liabilities that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis at September 30, 2019, and December 31, 2018:

|  |  |  | Fair value measurements at reporting date using:
|  |  |  | Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets |  | Significant other observable inputs |  | Significant unobservable inputs
Description |  | September 30, 2019 |  | (Level 1) |  | (Level 2) |  | (Level 3)
Assets |  | (in millions)
Cash equivalents |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash equivalents (a) |  | $ | 2,078 |  |  | $ | 2,078 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Commercial paper |  | 405 |  |  | — |  |  | 405 |  |  | — |
Certificates of deposit |  | 5 |  |  | — |  |  | 5 |  |  | — |
Short-term investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Treasury bills |  | 1,195 |  |  | 1,195 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Certificates of deposit |  | 274 |  |  | — |  |  | 274 |  |  | — |
Time deposits |  | 59 |  |  | — |  |  | 59 |  |  | — |
Interest rate derivatives (see Note 3) |  | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |  |  | — |
Fuel derivatives: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Option contracts (b) |  | 114 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 114 |
Other available-for-sale securities |  | 178 |  |  | 178 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total assets |  | $ | 4,309 |  |  | $ | 3,451 |  |  | $ | 744 |  |  | $ | 114 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate derivatives (see Note 3) |  | $ | (24 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (24 | ) |  | $ | — |

(a) Cash equivalents are primarily composed of money market investments.
(b) In the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet amounts are presented as an asset. See Note 3.
27

Southwest Airlines Co.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)

|  |  |  | Fair value measurements at reporting date using:
|  |  |  | Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets |  | Significant other observable inputs |  | Significant unobservable inputs
Description |  | December 31, 2018 |  | (Level 1) |  | (Level 2) |  | (Level 3)
Assets |  | (in millions)
Cash equivalents |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash equivalents (a) |  | $ | 1,392 |  |  | $ | 1,392 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Commercial paper |  | 454 |  |  | — |  |  | 454 |  |  | — |
Certificates of deposit |  | 8 |  |  | — |  |  | 8 |  |  | — |
Short-term investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Treasury bills |  | 1,582 |  |  | 1,582 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Certificates of deposit |  | 228 |  |  | — |  |  | 228 |  |  | — |
Time deposits |  | 25 |  |  | — |  |  | 25 |  |  | — |
Fuel derivatives: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Option contracts (b) |  | 138 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 138 |
Other available-for-sale securities |  | 127 |  |  | 127 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total assets |  | $ | 3,954 |  |  | $ | 3,101 |  |  | $ | 715 |  |  | $ | 138 |
Liabilities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest rate derivatives (see Note 3) |  | $ | (14 | ) |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (14 | ) |  | $ | — |

(a) Cash equivalents are primarily composed of money market investments.
(b) In the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet amounts are presented as a net asset. See Note 3.
28

Southwest Airlines Co.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
The Company had no transfers of assets or liabilities between any of the above levels during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, or the year ended December 31, 2018. The Company did not have any assets or liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, or the year ended December 31, 2018. The following tables present the Company’s activity for items measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019:

Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)
(in millions) | Fuel derivatives |
Balance at June 30, 2019 | $ | 187 |  |
Total losses (realized or unrealized) included in other comprehensive income | (123 | ) |
Purchases | 50 |  | (a)
Balance at September 30, 2019 | $ | 114 |  |

(a) The purchase of fuel derivatives is recorded gross based on the structure of the derivative instrument and whether a contract with multiple derivatives was purchased as a single instrument or separate instruments.

Fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3)
(in millions) | Fuel derivatives |
Balance at December 31, 2018 | $ | 138 |  |
Total losses (realized or unrealized) included in other comprehensive income | (101 | ) |
Purchases | 126 |  | (a)
Sales | (2 | ) | (a)
Settlements | (47 | ) |
Balance at September 30, 2019 | $ | 114 |  |

(a) The purchase and sale of fuel derivatives are recorded gross based on the structure of the derivative instrument and whether a contract with multiple derivatives was purchased as a single instrument or separate instruments.
The significant unobservable input used in the fair value measurement of the Company’s derivative option contracts is implied volatility. Holding other inputs constant, an increase (decrease) in implied volatility would result in a higher (lower) fair value measurement, respectively, for the Company’s derivative option contracts.
The following table presents a range of the unobservable inputs utilized in the fair value measurements of the Company’s fuel derivatives classified as Level 3 at September 30, 2019:

Quantitative information about Level 3 fair value measurements
|  | Valuation technique |  | Unobservable input |  | Period (by year) |  | Range
Fuel derivatives |  | Option model |  | Implied volatility |  | Fourth quarter 2019 |  | 22-38%
|  |  |  |  |  | 2020 |  | 24-42%
|  |  |  |  |  | 2021 |  | 20-29%
|  |  |  |  |  | 2022 |  | 19-21%

29

Southwest Airlines Co.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of the Company’s long-term debt (including current maturities), as well as the applicable fair value hierarchy tier, at September 30, 2019, are presented in the table below. The fair values of the Company’s publicly held long-term debt are determined based on inputs that are readily available in public markets or can be derived from information available in publicly quoted markets; therefore, the Company has categorized these agreements as Level 2. Debt under three of the Company’s debt agreements is not publicly held. The Company has determined the estimated fair value of this debt to be Level 3, as certain inputs used to determine the fair value of these agreements are unobservable. The Company utilizes indicative pricing from counterparties and a discounted cash flow method to estimate the fair value of the Level 3 items.

(in millions) | Carrying value |  | Estimated fair value |  | Fair value level hierarchy
2.75% Notes due November 2019 | $ | 300 |  |  | $ | 300 |  |  | Level 2
2.65% Notes due 2020 | 501 |  |  | 504 |  |  | Level 2
Term Loan Agreement payable through 2020 - 5.223% | 147 |  |  | 147 |  |  | Level 3
737 Aircraft Notes payable through 2020 | 21 |  |  | 21 |  |  | Level 3
2.75% Notes due 2022 | 300 |  |  | 304 |  |  | Level 2
Pass Through Certificates due 2022 - 6.24% | 197 |  |  | 208 |  |  | Level 2
Term Loan Agreement payable through 2026 - 3.71% | 188 |  |  | 188 |  |  | Level 3
3.00% Notes due 2026 | 300 |  |  | 307 |  |  | Level 2
3.45% Notes due 2027 | 300 |  |  | 315 |  |  | Level 2
7.375% Debentures due 2027 | 123 |  |  | 152 |  |  | Level 2

30

Southwest Airlines Co.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
9. SUPPLEMENTAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION

(in millions) | September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Derivative contracts | $ | 80 |  |  | $ | 95 |
Intangible assets, net | 311 |  |  | 400 |
Finance lease receivable | 50 |  |  | 61 |
Other | 212 |  |  | 164 |
Other assets | $ | 653 |  |  | $ | 720 |

(in millions) | September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Accounts payable trade | $ | 270 |  |  | $ | 263 |
Salaries payable | 199 |  |  | 216 |
Taxes payable excluding income taxes | 188 |  |  | 220 |
Aircraft maintenance payable | 109 |  |  | 69 |
Fuel payable | 120 |  |  | 122 |
Other payable | 388 |  |  | 526 |
Accounts payable | $ | 1,274 |  |  | $ | 1,416 |

(in millions) | September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Profitsharing and savings plans | $ | 423 |  |  | $ | 580 |
Vacation pay | 427 |  |  | 403 |
Health | 118 |  |  | 107 |
Workers compensation | 169 |  |  | 166 |
Property and income taxes | 70 |  |  | 68 |
Other | 249 |  |  | 425 |
Accrued liabilities | $ | 1,456 |  |  | $ | 1,749 |

(in millions) | September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
Postretirement obligation | $ | 245 |  |  | $ | 232 |
Other deferred compensation | 288 |  |  | 247 |
Other | 111 |  |  | 171 |
Other noncurrent liabilities | $ | 644 |  |  | $ | 650 |

For further information on fuel derivative and interest rate derivative contracts, see Note 3.
Other Operating Expenses
Other operating expenses consist of distribution costs, advertising expenses, personnel expenses, professional fees, and other operating costs, none of which individually exceeded 10 percent of Operating expenses.
10. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
The Company adopted the provisions of the New Lease Standard effective January 1, 2019, using the modified retrospective adoption method. The New Lease Standard eliminated the previous build-to-suit lease accounting guidance and resulted in the derecognition of build-to-suit assets and liabilities that remained on the balance sheet after the end of the construction period. See Note 2 for further information. Descriptions of the Company's recently completed and current build-to-suit projects follows.
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport
In December 2013, the Company entered into an agreement with Broward County, Florida, which owns and operates Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport ("FLL"), to oversee and manage the design and construction of the
31

Southwest Airlines Co.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
airport's Terminal 1 Modernization Project. In addition to significant improvements to the existing Terminal 1, the project included the design and construction of a new five-gate Concourse A with an international processing facility. Funding for the project came directly from Broward County aviation sources, but flowed through the Company in its capacity as manager of the project. Construction of Concourse A was completed during second quarter 2017, and construction on Terminal 1 was substantially complete and operational as of the end of third quarter 2018. As construction was completed prior to adoption of the New Lease Standard, the Company derecognized the FLL related Assets constructed for others ("ACFO") and Construction obligation within the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of January 1, 2019.
Los Angeles International Airport
In March 2013, the Company executed a lease agreement (the "T1 Lease") with Los Angeles World Airports ("LAWA"), which owns and operates Los Angeles International Airport ("LAX"). Under the T1 Lease, which was amended in June 2014 and September 2017, the Company oversaw and managed the design, development, financing, construction, and commissioning of the airport's Terminal 1 Modernization Project. Construction on the Terminal 1 Modernization Project began during 2014 and was substantially complete and operational during fourth quarter 2018. As construction was completed prior to adoption of the New Lease Standard, the Company derecognized the LAX T1 Lease related ACFO and Construction obligation within the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of January 1, 2019.
In October 2017, the Company executed a separate lease agreement with LAWA (the "T1.5 Lease"). Under the T1.5 Lease, the Company is overseeing and managing the design, development, financing, construction, and commissioning of a passenger processing facility between Terminal 1 and 2 (the "Terminal 1.5 Project"). The Terminal 1.5 Project is expected to include ticketing, baggage claim, passenger screening, and a bus gate at a cost not to exceed $479 million for site improvements and non-proprietary improvements. Construction on the Terminal 1.5 Project began during third quarter 2017 and is estimated to be substantially completed during 2020. The Company has determined that due to its role in the project, it is considered the owner of the Terminal 1.5 Project for accounting purposes under the New Lease Standard. As a result, the costs incurred to fund the Terminal 1.5 Project are included within ACFO and all amounts that have been or will be reimbursed will be included within Construction obligation on the accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. Upon completion of the Terminal 1.5 Project, the Company will perform an evaluation to determine the treatment of these associated assets and liabilities.
Funding for these projects is primarily through the Regional Airports Improvement Corporation (the "RAIC"), which is a quasi-governmental special purpose entity that acts as a conduit borrower under syndicated credit facilities provided by groups of lenders. The Company guaranteed the obligations of the RAIC under separate credit facilities associated with the respective lease agreements. As of September 30, 2019, the Company's outstanding remaining guaranteed obligation under the credit facility for the Terminal 1.5 Project was $183 million. Loans made under the separate credit facility for the Terminal 1.5 Project are being used to reimburse the Company for the site improvements and non-proprietary improvements of the Terminal 1.5 Project, and the outstanding loans will be repaid with the proceeds of LAWA’s payments to purchase completed construction phases.
Dallas Love Field
During 2008, the City of Dallas approved the LFMP, a project to reconstruct Dallas Love Field with modern, convenient air travel facilities. Pursuant to a Program Development Agreement with the City of Dallas and the Love Field Airport Modernization Corporation (or the "LFAMC," a Texas non-profit "local government corporation" established by the City of Dallas to act on the City of Dallas' behalf to facilitate the development of the LFMP), the Company managed this project. Major construction was effectively completed in 2014. During second quarter 2017, the City of Dallas approved using the remaining bond funds for additional terminal construction projects, which were effectively completed in 2018. As construction was completed prior to adoption of the New Lease Standard, the Company derecognized the LFMP Terminal related ACFO and Construction obligation within the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of January 1, 2019.
Although the City of Dallas received commitments from various sources that helped to fund portions of the LFMP project, including the Federal Aviation Administration ("FAA"), the Transportation Security Administration, and the City of Dallas' Aviation Fund, the majority of the funds used were from the issuance of bonds. The Company guaranteed
32

Southwest Airlines Co.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
principal and interest payments on bonds issued by the LFAMC. As of September 30, 2019, $416 million of principal remained outstanding. The net present value of the future principal and interest payments associated with the bonds was $458 million as of September 30, 2019, and was reflected as part of the Company's operating lease right–of–use assets and lease obligations in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet. See Notes 2 and 7 for further information.
During 2015, the City of Dallas issued additional bonds for the construction of a new parking garage at Dallas Love Field, which was completed and operational in fourth quarter 2018. As construction was completed prior to adoption of the New Lease Standard, the Company derecognized the LFMP Parking Garage related ACFO and Construction obligation within the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of January 1, 2019. The Company has not guaranteed the principal or interest payments on these bonds.
Construction costs recorded in ACFO for the Company's various projects as of September 30, 2019, and December 31, 2018, were as follows:

|  | September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
(in millions) |  | ACFO | ACFO, Net (a) | Construction Obligation |  | ACFO | ACFO, Net (a) | Construction Obligation
FLL Terminal |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 313 |  | $ | 304 |  | $ | 308 |
LAX Terminal 1 |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |  | 485 |  | 459 |  | 476 |
LAX Terminal 1.5 | (b) | 172 |  | 172 |  | 172 |  |  | 99 |  | 99 |  | 99 |
LFMP Terminal |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |  | 545 |  | 460 |  | 502 |
LFMP Parking Garage |  | — |  | — |  | — |  |  | 200 |  | 200 |  | 200 |
HOU International Terminal | (c) | — |  | — |  | — |  |  | 126 |  | 115 |  | 116 |
|  | $ | 172 |  | $ | 172 |  | $ | 172 |  |  | $ | 1,768 |  | $ | 1,637 |  | $ | 1,701 |

(a) Net of accumulated depreciation.
(b) Project still in progress.
(c) Project completed in 2015 at Houston William P. Hobby Airport ("HOU").
Contingencies
The Company is from time to time subject to various legal proceedings and claims arising in the ordinary course of business, including, but not limited to, examinations by the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS"). The Company's management does not expect that the outcome of any of its currently ongoing legal proceedings or the outcome of any adjustments presented by the IRS, individually or collectively, will have a material adverse effect on the Company's financial condition, results of operations, or cash flow.
11. BOEING 737 MAX AIRCRAFT GROUNDING
On March 13, 2019, the FAA issued an emergency order for all U.S. airlines to ground all Boeing 737 MAX aircraft. The Company immediately complied with the order and grounded all 34 737 MAX 8 aircraft in its fleet. The Company will continue to monitor the situation and any potential future accounting implications that arise. The most significant financial impacts of this grounding to the Company thus far have been lost revenues, operating income, and operating cash flows, and delayed capital expenditures, directly associated with its grounded 737 MAX 8 fleet and other new aircraft that have not been able to be delivered. In July 2019, the Boeing Company announced a $4.9 billion after-tax charge for "potential concessions and other considerations to customers for disruptions related to the 737 MAX grounding." The Company has had discussions with Boeing regarding compensation for damages due to the MAX groundings, but has not reached any conclusions regarding these matters, and no amounts expected from Boeing have been included in 2019 results.
As of September 30, 2019, there had been no change to the Company's contractual obligations and commitments with regard to future purchases of aircraft. However, Boeing is not delivering new MAX aircraft and, therefore, not meeting
33

Southwest Airlines Co.
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements
(unaudited)
its contractual delivery schedule. Based on the Company's current contractual obligations and Boeing's targeted regulatory approval of MAX return to service in fourth quarter 2019, the Company is still targeting receipt of seven MAX aircraft deliveries during fourth quarter 2019, with the remaining 34 MAX aircraft originally scheduled for delivery in 2019 shifting into 2020; however, the FAA will ultimately determine the timing of MAX return to service, and the Company therefore offers no assurances that current estimations and timelines are correct.
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Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Relevant comparative operating statistics for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 are included below. The Company provides these operating statistics because they are commonly used in the airline industry and, as such, allow readers to compare the Company’s performance against its results for the prior year period, as well as against the performance of the Company’s peers.

|  | Three months ended September 30, |  |
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | Change
Revenue passengers carried (000s) |  | 33,538 |  |  | 33,860 |  |  | (1.0 | )% |
Enplaned passengers (000s) |  | 41,098 |  |  | 41,424 |  |  | (0.8 | )% |
Revenue passenger miles (RPMs) (in millions)(a) |  | 32,889 |  |  | 34,024 |  |  | (3.3 | )% |
Available seat miles (ASMs) (in millions)(b) |  | 39,379 |  |  | 40,570 |  |  | (2.9 | )% |
Load factor(c) |  | 83.5 | % |  | 83.9 | % |  | (0.4 | ) | pts.
Average length of passenger haul (miles) |  | 981 |  |  | 1,005 |  |  | (2.4 | )% |
Average aircraft stage length (miles) |  | 737 |  |  | 760 |  |  | (3.0 | )% |
Trips flown |  | 348,237 |  |  | 347,555 |  |  | 0.2 | % |
Seats flown (000s)(d) |  | 52,441 |  |  | 52,329 |  |  | 0.2 | % |
Seats per trip(e) |  | 150.6 |  |  | 150.6 |  |  | — |  |
Average passenger fare |  | $ | 155.95 |  |  | $ | 153.40 |  |  | 1.7 | % |
Passenger revenue yield per RPM (cents)(f) |  | 15.90 |  |  | 15.27 |  |  | 4.1 | % |
Operating revenues per ASM (cents)(g) |  | 14.32 |  |  | 13.74 |  |  | 4.2 | % |
Passenger revenue per ASM (cents)(h) |  | 13.28 |  |  | 12.80 |  |  | 3.8 | % |
Operating expenses per ASM (cents)(i) |  | 12.24 |  |  | 11.77 |  |  | 4.0 | % |
Operating expenses per ASM, excluding fuel (cents) |  | 9.47 |  |  | 8.81 |  |  | 7.5 | % |
Operating expenses per ASM, excluding fuel and profitsharing (cents) |  | 9.11 |  |  | 8.47 |  |  | 7.6 | % |
Fuel costs per gallon, including fuel tax |  | $ | 2.07 |  |  | $ | 2.24 |  |  | (7.6 | )% |
Fuel costs per gallon, including fuel tax, economic |  | $ | 2.07 |  |  | $ | 2.25 |  |  | (8.0 | )% |
Fuel consumed, in gallons (millions) |  | 524 |  |  | 535 |  |  | (2.1 | )% |
Active fulltime equivalent Employees |  | 60,590 |  |  | 58,559 |  |  | 3.5 | % |
Aircraft at end of period |  | 752 |  |  | 742 |  |  | 1.3 | % |

35

|  | Nine months ended September 30, |  |  |
|  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | Change
Revenue passengers carried (000s) |  | 99,758 |  |  | 100,458 |  |  | (0.7 | )% |
Enplaned passengers (000s) |  | 121,480 |  |  | 121,898 |  |  | (0.3 | )% |
Revenue passenger miles (RPMs) (in millions)(a) |  | 98,121 |  |  | 99,606 |  |  | (1.5 | )% |
Available seat miles (ASMs) (in millions)(b) |  | 117,250 |  |  | 119,428 |  |  | (1.8 | )% |
Load factor(c) |  | 83.7 | % |  | 83.4 | % |  | 0.3 |  | pts.
Average length of passenger haul (miles) |  | 984 |  |  | 992 |  |  | (0.8 | )% |
Average aircraft stage length (miles) |  | 746 |  |  | 758 |  |  | (1.6 | )% |
Trips flown |  | 1,022,311 |  |  | 1,027,699 |  |  | (0.5 | )% |
Seats flown (000s)(d) |  | 154,312 |  |  | 154,746 |  |  | (0.3 | )% |
Seats per trip(e) |  | 150.9 |  |  | 150.6 |  |  | 0.2 | % |
Average passenger fare |  | $ | 154.99 |  |  | $ | 150.68 |  |  | 2.9 | % |
Passenger revenue yield per RPM (cents)(f) |  | 15.76 |  |  | 15.20 |  |  | 3.7 | % |
Operating revenues per ASM (cents)(g) |  | 14.24 |  |  | 13.62 |  |  | 4.6 | % |
Passenger revenue per ASM (cents)(h) |  | 13.19 |  |  | 12.67 |  |  | 4.1 | % |
Operating expenses per ASM (cents)(i) |  | 12.29 |  |  | 11.62 |  |  | 5.8 | % |
Operating expenses per ASM, excluding fuel (cents) |  | 9.52 |  |  | 8.75 |  |  | 8.8 | % |
Operating expenses per ASM, excluding fuel and profitsharing (cents) |  | 9.18 |  |  | 8.41 |  |  | 9.2 | % |
Fuel costs per gallon, including fuel tax |  | $ | 2.09 |  |  | $ | 2.18 |  |  | (4.1 | )% |
Fuel costs per gallon, including fuel tax, economic |  | $ | 2.09 |  |  | $ | 2.19 |  |  | (4.6 | )% |
Fuel consumed, in gallons (millions) |  | 1,550 |  |  | 1,567 |  |  | (1.1 | )% |
Active fulltime equivalent Employees |  | 60,590 |  |  | 58,559 |  |  | 3.5 | % |
Aircraft at end of period |  | 752 |  |  | 742 |  |  | 1.3 | % |

(a) A revenue passenger mile is one paying passenger flown one mile. Also referred to as "traffic," which is a measure of demand for a given period.
(b) An available seat mile is one seat (empty or full) flown one mile. Also referred to as "capacity," which is a measure of the space available to carry passengers in a given period.
(c) Revenue passenger miles divided by available seat miles.
(d) Seats flown is calculated using total number of seats available by aircraft type multiplied by the total trips flown by the same aircraft type during a particular period.
(e) Seats per trip is calculated by dividing seats flown by trips flown.
(f) Calculated as passenger revenue divided by revenue passenger miles. Also referred to as "yield," this is the average cost paid by a paying passenger to fly one mile, which is a measure of revenue production and fares.
(g) Calculated as operating revenues divided by available seat miles. Also referred to as "operating unit revenues," or "RASM," this is a measure of operating revenue production based on the total available seat miles flown during a particular period.
(h) Calculated as passenger revenue divided by available seat miles. Also referred to as "passenger unit revenues," this is a measure of passenger revenue production based on the total available seat miles flown during a particular period.
(i) Calculated as operating expenses divided by available seat miles. Also referred to as "unit costs," "cost per available seat mile," or "CASM" this is the average cost to fly an aircraft seat (empty or full) one mile, which is a measure of cost efficiencies.
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Financial Overview
The Company recorded third quarter and year-to-date GAAP and non-GAAP results for 2019 and 2018 as noted in the following tables. See Note Regarding Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures and the Reconciliation of Reported Amounts to Non-GAAP Financial Measures for additional detail regarding non-GAAP financial measures.

|  | Three months ended |  |  |  | Nine months ended |  |
(in millions, except per share amounts) |  | September 30, |  |  |  | September 30, |  |
GAAP |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | Percent Change |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | Percent Change
Operating income |  | $ | 819 |  |  | $ | 798 |  |  | 2.6 | % |  | $ | 2,292 |  |  | $ | 2,386 |  |  | (3.9 | )%
Net income |  | $ | 659 |  |  | $ | 615 |  |  | 7.2 | % |  | $ | 1,787 |  |  | $ | 1,811 |  |  | (1.3 | )%
Net income per share, diluted |  | $ | 1.23 |  |  | $ | 1.08 |  |  | 13.9 | % |  | $ | 3.29 |  |  | $ | 3.13 |  |  | 5.1 | %
Non-GAAP |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating income |  | $ | 819 |  |  | $ | 796 |  |  | 2.9 | % |  | $ | 2,292 |  |  | $ | 2,347 |  |  | (2.3 | )%
Net income |  | $ | 659 |  |  | $ | 614 |  |  | 7.3 | % |  | $ | 1,787 |  |  | $ | 1,781 |  |  | 0.3 | %
Net income per share, diluted |  | $ | 1.23 |  |  | $ | 1.08 |  |  | 13.9 | % |  | $ | 3.29 |  |  | $ | 3.08 |  |  | 6.8 | %

Third quarter 2019 Net income was a third quarter record of $659 million, a 7.2 percent increase, as compared with third quarter 2018 Net income of $615 million. Diluted earnings per share for third quarter 2019 was a third quarter record of $1.23, as compared with third quarter 2018 diluted earnings per share of $1.08. Third quarter 2019 non-GAAP Net income was also a third quarter record of $659 million, a 7.3 percent increase, as compared with third quarter 2018 non-GAAP Net income of $614 million. Non-GAAP diluted earnings per share was a third quarter record of $1.23, as compared with $1.08 for third quarter 2018. Third quarter 2019 Operating income was $819 million, a 2.6 percent increase year-over-year. Third quarter 2019 non-GAAP Operating income was also $819 million, a 2.9 percent increase year-over-year. The increase in both GAAP and non-GAAP Net income was primarily driven by a 9.5 percent decrease in Fuel and oil expense, coupled with a 1.1 percent increase in revenues. This was partially offset by a 4.7 percent increase in Salaries, wages, and benefits expense. See below for further information. The Company estimates the impact of the grounding of the Boeing 737 MAX 8 aircraft ("MAX") reduced its Operating income (both GAAP and non-GAAP) for third quarter 2019 by approximately $210 million. The Company is engaged in ongoing discussions with Boeing regarding compensation for damages related to the MAX groundings; however, it has not reached a settlement with Boeing, and no estimated settlement amounts have been included in third quarter 2019 results. See Note 11 to the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, Net income was $1.8 billion, a 1.3 percent decrease year-over-year. Diluted earnings per share for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was $3.29, as compared with $3.13 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, non-GAAP Net income was also $1.8 billion, a 0.3 percent increase year-over-year. Non-GAAP diluted earnings per share for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was also $3.29, as compared with $3.08 for the nine months ended September 30, 2018. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, Operating income was $2.3 billion, a 3.9 percent decrease year-over-year. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, non-GAAP Operating income was also $2.3 billion, a 2.3 percent decrease year-over-year. The decrease in GAAP Net income was primarily due to the impact of the grounding of the MAX aircraft, unscheduled maintenance disruptions in first quarter, and the U.S. government shutdown in first quarter. The Company estimates the impact of the MAX groundings reduced its Operating income for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, by approximately $435 million. See Note 11 to the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further information about the MAX groundings. The decrease in GAAP Net income also resulted from a 6.8 percent increase in Salaries, wages, and benefits expense, coupled with a 7.8 percent increase in Other operating expenses. This decrease was partially offset by a 2.7 percent increase in revenues, and a 5.3 percent decrease in Fuel and oil expense. See below for further information.
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For the twelve months ended September 30, 2019, the Company's earnings performance, combined with its actions to manage invested capital, produced a 23.7 percent pre-tax non-GAAP return on invested capital ("ROIC"), or 18.6 percent on an after-tax basis, compared with the Company's pre-tax ROIC of 23.4 percent, or 18.1 percent on an after-tax basis, for the twelve months ended September 30, 2018. As a result of not receiving its scheduled MAX aircraft deliveries following the grounding in March 2019, the Company's cash balance at September 30, 2019, was higher than expected. However, the Company has not factored any amounts for excess cash into its invested capital and ROIC calculations for any of the periods presented. See the Company's calculation of ROIC in the accompanying reconciliation tables as well as the Note Regarding Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures.
Company Overview
The Company ended third quarter 2019 with 752 aircraft in its fleet. All 34 of the Company's Boeing 737 MAX 8 aircraft have remained grounded since March 13, 2019. See Note 11 to the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further information. Further, Boeing is not delivering new MAX aircraft and, therefore, not meeting its contractual delivery schedule. Based on Boeing's targeted regulatory approval of MAX return to service in fourth quarter 2019, the Company currently expects to receive seven MAX aircraft deliveries during fourth quarter 2019, with the remaining 34 MAX aircraft originally scheduled for delivery in 2019 shifting into 2020. As previously disclosed, as a result of the MAX groundings, the Company deferred the retirement of seven of its owned Boeing 737-700 aircraft to future years. The Company retired one 737-700 aircraft during third quarter 2019, and plans to retire an additional 10 737-700 aircraft during fourth quarter 2019.
On October 23, 2019, Boeing announced a target regulatory approval of MAX return to service in fourth quarter 2019. Upon a rescission of the Federal Aviation Administration ("FAA") order to ground the MAX, the Company continues to estimate it will take one to two months to comply with applicable FAA directives, including all necessary Pilot training. As such, the MAX has been removed from the Company's flight schedule through February 8, 2020. Based on continued uncertainty around the timing of MAX return to service, the Company soon plans to proactively remove the MAX from its flight schedule through March 6, 2020. The Company previously provided first quarter 2020 available seat mile guidance to increase in the range of 2 to 3 percent, year-over-year, based on MAX flight cancellations through February 8, 2020. Due to the planned future removal of MAX flights through March 6, 2020, the Company is unable to provide updated first quarter 2020 available seat mile guidance at this time. The FAA will determine the timing of MAX return to service, and the Company offers no assurances that current estimations and timelines are correct. The Company continues to be focused on proactively managing cancellations, minimizing operational disruptions, reaccommodating Customers, and minimizing the impact on its ontime performance.
Based on MAX flight cancellations through the remainder of 2019, the Company currently expects its fourth quarter 2019 ASMs to decrease in the range of 0.5 to 1 percent, compared with fourth quarter 2018, and expects its 2019 ASMs to decrease approximately 1.5 percent, year-over-year.
Regulatory approval of MAX return to service is subject to Boeing's ongoing work with the FAA, who will determine the timing of MAX return to service. Any changes to current estimations could result in additional flight schedule adjustments and reductions beyond March 6, 2020, further delays in aircraft deliveries, and additional financial damages. The Company continues to plan for multiple MAX return to service scenarios.
The Company began service to Hawaii in March 2019, from Oakland to Honolulu, and began Hawaii service to and from San Jose, California in May 2019. The Company currently operates a dozen flights daily between Hawaii and the mainland, and offers 16 interisland daily departures amongst the Hawaiian Islands. By April 20, 2020, the Company plans to offer 28 daily departures between California and Hawaii, and 38 daily departures among the Hawaiian Islands. On November 10, 2019, the Company is scheduled to begin service between Sacramento and Honolulu, as well as interisland service between Honolulu and Lihue, which was accelerated from the Company's previous plan to begin in January 2020. The Company is scheduled to begin service from Oakland and San Jose to both Lihue and Kona, and new interisland service between Honolulu and Hilo, and Kona and Kahului, beginning January 2020. The Company is also scheduled to begin service from San Diego to Kahului on Maui on April 14, 2020, and from San Diego to Honolulu on April 20, 2020.
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In July 2019, the Company announced its decision to cease service at Newark Liberty International Airport and consolidate its New York City presence at New York LaGuardia Airport, effective November 3, 2019. The Company has also announced its intention to begin service at Cozumel International Airport beginning March 7, 2020, subject to requisite governmental approvals.
The Company continued to return value to its Shareholders. During third quarter 2019, the Company launched a new accelerated share repurchase program by advancing $500 million to a third party financial institution in a privately negotiated transaction ("Third Quarter 2019 ASR Program"). This completed the remaining $400 million of its previous $2.0 billion share repurchase program that had been authorized by its Board of Directors in May 2018 and initiated the $2.0 billion share repurchase program authorized by its Board of Directors in May 2019. The Company received 9.5 million shares in total under the Third Quarter 2019 ASR Program, which was completed in October 2019. The purchase was recorded as a treasury share repurchase for purposes of calculating earnings per share. As of September 30, 2019, the Company had $1.9 billion remaining under its May 2019 $2.0 billion share repurchase authorization. The Company also made cash dividend payments totaling $96 million during third quarter 2019.
Material Changes in Results of Operations
Comparison of three months ended September 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018
Operating Revenues
Total operating revenues for third quarter 2019 increased by $64 million, or 1.1 percent, year-over-year, to a third quarter record of $5.6 billion, despite the negative revenue impacts as a result of the MAX groundings. Third quarter 2019 RASM increased 4.2 percent, year-over-year, to a third quarter record of 14.32 cents, largely driven by a Passenger revenue yield increase of 4.1 percent, year-over-year, offset slightly by a Load factor decrease of 0.4 points, year-over-year, to 83.5 percent. Third quarter 2019 year-over-year RASM benefited by approximately two points as a result of lower third quarter 2019 ASMs due to the MAX groundings, as well as an approximate one-point tailwind—with one-half point related to the Company's third quarter 2018 suboptimal schedule from the 2017 accelerated retirement of its Boeing 737-300 ("Classic") fleet, and one-half point related to the negative revenue effects from the Flight 1380 accident in April 2018. On April 17, 2018, Southwest Airlines Flight 1380 from New York-LaGuardia to Dallas Love Field suffered an uncontained failure of its port CFM56-7B engine, resulting in a Customer fatality. Further, third quarter 2019 year-over-year RASM benefited by an approximate one-half point due to revenue management capabilities implemented in 2018.
Passenger revenues for third quarter 2019 increased by $36 million, or 0.7 percent, year-over-year. On a unit basis, Passenger revenues increased 3.8 percent, year-over-year, largely driven by the 4.1 percent increase in Passenger revenue yield, offset slightly by the decrease in Load factor. The increase in Passenger revenues was primarily due to higher passenger yields as a result of an increase in average fares.
Freight revenues for third quarter 2019 decreased by $1 million, or 2.3 percent, compared with third quarter 2018, primarily due to decreased demand. Based on current trends, the Company expects fourth quarter 2019 Freight revenues to increase, compared with fourth quarter 2018.
Other revenues for third quarter 2019 increased by $29 million, or 8.6 percent, year-over-year. The increase was primarily due to an increase in revenues associated with cardholder spend on the Company's co-branded Chase® Visa credit card, driven by the Company's bonus point offer in third quarter 2019. Based on current trends, the Company expects fourth quarter 2019 Other revenues to increase, compared with fourth quarter 2018.
Based on current bookings and revenue trends, the Company expects fourth quarter 2019 RASM to be in the range of flat to up 2 percent, compared with fourth quarter 2018. The Company's outlook for fourth quarter 2019 assumes no year-over-year RASM net benefit due to the MAX groundings, unlike second and third quarter 2019. The estimated year-over-year RASM benefit of two to three points driven by lower fourth quarter 2019 capacity from the MAX groundings is expected to be offset by the negative year-over-year RASM effects from the complexity of adjusting the
39

Company's previously published fourth quarter 2019 flight schedule. The Company's adjustments to remove MAX aircraft from its fourth quarter 2019 flight schedule provide for a more uniform week-to-week schedule over the peak holiday period relative to fourth quarter 2018, which is needed to maintain schedule feasibility and minimize disruption to Customers and the operation. As a result, there is more year-over-year flying in off-peak periods and—due to a fleet deficit—less flying in peak periods than planned, or optimal.
Operating Expenses
Operating expenses for third quarter 2019 increased by $43 million, or 0.9 percent, compared with third quarter 2018, while capacity decreased 2.9 percent over the same period. Historically, except for changes in the price of fuel, changes in Operating expenses for airlines have been largely driven by changes in capacity, or ASMs. However, the Company's Operating expenses are largely fixed once flight schedules are published; and the Company experienced lower than expected ASMs during third quarter due to the MAX groundings. Flight cancellations are expected to drive unit cost pressure for the duration of the MAX groundings. The following table presents the Company's Operating expenses per ASM for the third quarter of 2019 and 2018, followed by explanations of these changes on a per ASM basis and dollar basis:

| Three months ended September 30, |  | Per ASM change |  | Percent change
(in cents, except for percentages) | 2019 |  | 2018 |  |
Salaries, wages, and benefits |  | 5.08 | ¢ |  |  | 4.71 | ¢ |  |  | 0.37 | ¢ |  | 7.9 | %
Fuel and oil | 2.77 |  |  | 2.96 |  |  | (0.19 | ) |  | (6.4 | )
Maintenance materials and repairs | 0.80 |  |  | 0.70 |  |  | 0.10 |  |  | 14.3 |
Landing fees and airport rentals | 0.88 |  |  | 0.83 |  |  | 0.05 |  |  | 6.0 |
Depreciation and amortization | 0.78 |  |  | 0.74 |  |  | 0.04 |  |  | 5.4 |
Other operating expenses | 1.93 |  |  | 1.83 |  |  | 0.10 |  |  | 5.5 |
Total |  | 12.24 | ¢ |  |  | 11.77 | ¢ |  |  | 0.47 | ¢ |  | 4.0 | %

Operating expenses per ASM for third quarter 2019 increased by 4.0 percent, compared with third quarter 2018. Operating expenses per ASM for third quarter 2019, excluding Fuel and oil expense, special items, and profitsharing (a non-GAAP financial measure), increased 7.6 percent, compared with third quarter 2018. On both a GAAP and non-GAAP basis, excluding Fuel and oil expense, special items, and profitsharing, approximately six to seven points of the year-over-year unit cost increases were due to the MAX groundings and the resulting lower third quarter 2019 capacity. See Note Regarding Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures and the Reconciliation of Reported Amounts to Non-GAAP Financial Measures for additional detail regarding non-GAAP financial measures. Based on current trends and excluding Fuel and oil expense and profitsharing expense, the Company expects its fourth quarter 2019 unit costs to increase in the 4 to 6 percent range, compared with fourth quarter 2018. Prior to the MAX groundings, the Company expected fourth quarter 2019 unit costs, excluding fuel and oil expense and profitsharing expense, to decrease approximately two percent, year-over-year. Approximately six points of the expected incremental year-over-year unit cost increase in fourth quarter 2019 are driven by lower fourth quarter 2019 capacity as a result of the MAX groundings, net of two to three points of year-over-year unit cost benefit driven by more year-over-year flying in off-peak periods as a result of fourth quarter 2019 flight schedule adjustments. Additionally, the Company expects approximately one point of year-over-year unit cost increase in fourth quarter 2019 due to the shifting of maintenance and technology expenses from third quarter into fourth quarter 2019.
Salaries, wages, and benefits expense for third quarter 2019 increased by $90 million, or 4.7 percent, compared with third quarter 2018. On a per ASM basis, third quarter 2019 Salaries, wages, and benefits expense increased 7.9 percent, compared with third quarter 2018. On both a dollar and per ASM basis, the majority of the increases were the result of higher salaries expense, driven by annual wage rate increases as well as increased headcount. The remainder of the increases were driven by higher health benefit expense due to higher headcount and medical inflation. Based on current cost trends and anticipated capacity, the Company expects fourth quarter 2019 Salaries, wages, and benefits expense per ASM, excluding profitsharing expense, to increase, compared with fourth quarter 2018.
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Fuel and oil expense for third quarter 2019 decreased by $115 million, or 9.5 percent, compared with third quarter 2018. On a per ASM basis, third quarter 2019 Fuel and oil expense decreased 6.4 percent, compared with third quarter 2018. On both a dollar and per ASM basis, the decreases were attributable to lower market jet fuel prices. The Company's average economic jet fuel cost per gallon decreased 8.0 percent, year-over-year, to $2.07 for third quarter 2019, from $2.25 for third quarter 2018. See Note Regarding Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures and the Reconciliation of Reported Amounts to Non-GAAP Financial Measures for additional detail regarding non-GAAP financial measures. These figures include $.04 per gallon in premium expense with no cash settlements from fuel derivative contracts in third quarter 2019, compared with $.06 per gallon in premium expense and $.10 per gallon in favorable cash settlements from fuel derivative contracts in third quarter 2018. The decrease was partially offset by a decline in the Company's fuel efficiency during third quarter 2019, compared with the same prior year period, when measured on the basis of ASMs generated per gallon of fuel. The decline in fuel efficiency was primarily due to the removal of the Company's most fuel-efficient aircraft from its schedule as a result of the MAX groundings. Fuel gallons consumed decreased 2.1 percent, as compared with third quarter 2018, while year-over-year capacity decreased 2.9 percent. The Company estimates fourth quarter 2019 fuel efficiency to decrease in the range of 1 to 2 percent, year-over-year, as a result of the MAX groundings.
As of October 18, 2019, on an economic basis, the Company had derivative contracts in place related to expected future fuel consumption as follows:

Period | Maximum percent of estimated fuel consumption covered by fuel derivative contracts at varying West Texas Intermediate/Brent Crude Oil, Heating Oil, and Gulf Coast Jet Fuel-equivalent price levels (a)
2019 | 73%
2020 | 58%
2021 | 49%
2022 | 24%

(a) The Company’s hedge position includes prices at which the Company considers "catastrophic" coverage. The percentages provided are not indicative of the Company's hedge coverage at every price, but represent the highest level of coverage at a single price. See Note 3 to the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.
As a result of applying hedge accounting in prior periods, the Company has amounts in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) ("AOCI") that will be recognized in earnings in future periods when the underlying fuel derivative contracts settle. The following table displays the Company's estimated fair value of remaining fuel derivative contracts (not considering the impact of the cash collateral provided to or received from counterparties—see Note 3 to the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further information), as well as the amount of deferred losses in AOCI at September 30, 2019, and the expected future periods in which these items are expected to settle and/or be recognized in earnings (in millions):

Year |  | Fair value of fuel derivative contracts at September 30, 2019 |  | Amount of losses deferred in AOCI at September 30, 2019 (net of tax)
Remainder of 2019 |  | $ | 3 |  |  | $ | 14 |
2020 |  | 45 |  |  | 38 |
2021 |  | 38 |  |  | 39 |
2022 |  | 28 |  |  | 12 |
Total |  | $ | 114 |  |  | $ | 103 |

Assuming no changes to the Company's current fuel derivative portfolio, but including all previous hedge activity for fuel derivatives that have not yet settled, and considering only the expected net cash receipts related to hedges that will settle, the Company is providing the below sensitivity table for fourth quarter 2019 jet fuel prices at different crude oil assumptions as of October 18, 2019, and for expected premium costs associated with settling contracts.
41

|  | Estimated economic fuel price per gallon, including taxes and fuel hedging premiums (d)
Average Brent Crude Oil price per barrel |  | Fourth Quarter 2019 (c)
$40 |  | $1.60 - $1.70
$50 |  | $1.75 - $1.85
Current Market (a) |  | $2.05 - $2.15
$70 |  | $2.20 - $2.30
$80 |  | $2.35 - $2.45
$90 |  | $2.45 - $2.55
Estimated fuel hedging premium expense per gallon (b) |  | $.04

(a) Brent crude oil average market price as of October 18, 2019, was approximately $59 per barrel for fourth quarter 2019.
(b) Fuel hedging premium expense per gallon is included in the Company's estimated economic fuel price per gallon estimates above.
(c) Based on the Company's existing fuel derivative contracts and market prices as of October 18, 2019, fourth quarter 2019 GAAP and economic fuel costs are estimated to be in the $2.05 to $2.15 per gallon range, including fuel hedging premium expense of approximately $20 million, or $.04 per gallon, with no cash settlements from fuel derivative contracts. See Note Regarding Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures.
(d) The Company's current fuel derivative contracts contain a combination of instruments based in West Texas Intermediate and Brent crude oil; however, the economic fuel price per gallon sensitivities provided assume the relationship between Brent crude oil and refined products based on market prices as of October 18, 2019.
Maintenance materials and repairs expense for third quarter 2019 increased by $30 million, or 10.6 percent, compared with third quarter 2018. On a per ASM basis, Maintenance materials and repairs expense increased 14.3 percent, compared with third quarter 2018. On both a dollar and per ASM basis, the increases were primarily due to the timing of regular airframe maintenance checks. The Company currently expects Maintenance materials and repairs expense per ASM for fourth quarter 2019 to increase, compared with fourth quarter 2018.
Landing fees and airport rentals expense for third quarter 2019 increased by $8 million, or 2.4 percent, compared with third quarter 2018. On a per ASM basis, Landing fees and airport rentals expense increased 6.0 percent, compared with third quarter 2018. On both a dollar and per ASM basis, the majority of the increases were due to an increase in space rental rates and usage at various stations throughout the network, partially offset by higher settlements and credits from various airports received in third quarter 2019. The Company currently expects Landing fees and airport rentals expense per ASM for fourth quarter 2019 to increase, compared with fourth quarter 2018.
Depreciation and amortization expense for third quarter 2019 increased by $7 million, or 2.3 percent, compared with third quarter 2018. On a per ASM basis, Depreciation and amortization expense increased 5.4 percent, compared with third quarter 2018. On both a dollar and per ASM basis, the majority of the increases were associated with the deployment of new technology assets, and the remainder were associated with the additional depreciation from purchases of new owned MAX aircraft, prior to the grounding of the MAX aircraft in March 2019. The Company currently expects Depreciation and amortization expense per ASM for fourth quarter 2019 to decrease, compared with fourth quarter 2018.
Other operating expenses for third quarter 2019 increased by $23 million, or 3.1 percent, compared with third quarter 2018. On a per ASM basis, Other operating expenses increased 5.5 percent, compared with third quarter 2018. On both a dollar and per ASM basis, the majority of the third quarter 2019 increases were due to an increase in software agreement costs, including cloud based services. The Company expects Other operating expenses per ASM for fourth quarter 2019 to increase, compared with fourth quarter 2018.
Other
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Other expenses (income) include interest expense, capitalized interest, interest income, and other gains and losses. Total other expenses (income) for third quarter 2019 decreased by $12 million primarily due to higher interest income as a result of higher interest rates, and lower interest expense as a result of lower debt balances. The Company currently expects Other expenses (income) for fourth quarter 2019 to decrease, compared with fourth quarter 2018.
Income Taxes
The Company's effective tax rate was approximately 19.5 percent in third quarter 2019, compared with 21.7 percent in third quarter 2018. This decrease was primarily attributable to a recent clarification of certain tax laws regarding bonus depreciation, which resulted in a third quarter 2019 reduction in income tax expense of $31 million. The Company estimates its fourth quarter 2019 effective tax rate to be approximately 23.0 percent.
Comparison of nine months ended September 30, 2019 and September 30, 2018
Operating Revenues
Passenger revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, increased by $325 million, or 2.1 percent, compared with the first nine months of 2018. On a unit basis, Passenger revenues increased 4.1 percent, year-over-year, largely driven by a 3.7 percent increase in Passenger revenue yield and an increase in Load factor, year-over-year, to 83.7 percent. The increase in Passenger revenues was largely due to higher passenger yields as a result of an increase in average fares. In addition, prior year results included negative revenue effects from the Flight 1380 accident in April 2018. The increase was partially offset by several unexpected events during the first nine months of 2019 that contributed to a negative revenue impact, including the MAX groundings, unscheduled maintenance disruptions in first quarter, and the U.S. government shutdown in first quarter.
Freight revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 decreased by $1 million, or 0.8 percent, compared with the nine months ended September 30, 2018, primarily due to decreased demand.
Other revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, increased by $113 million, or 11.4 percent, year-over-year. This increase was primarily due to an increase in revenues associated with cardholder spend on the Company's co-branded Chase® Visa credit card, driven by the Company's bonus point offers in the second and third quarters of 2019, and the success of its Companion Pass promotion in first quarter 2019 for new Cardholders.
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Operating Expenses
Operating expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, increased by $531 million, or 3.8 percent, compared with the first nine months of 2018, while capacity decreased 1.8 percent over the same period. Historically, except for changes in the price of fuel, changes in Operating expenses for airlines have been largely driven by changes in capacity, or ASMs. However, the Company's Operating expenses are largely fixed once flight schedules are published; and the Company experienced lower than expected ASMs during the first nine months of the year due to the MAX groundings, unscheduled maintenance disruptions, and the U.S. government shutdown. Flight cancellations are expected to drive unit cost pressure for the duration of the MAX groundings. The following table presents the Company's Operating expenses per ASM for the first nine months of 2019 and 2018, followed by explanations of these changes on a per ASM basis and dollar basis:

| Nine months ended September 30, |  | Per ASM |  | Percent
(in cents, except for percentages) | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | change |  | change
Salaries, wages, and benefits |  | 5.16 | ¢ |  |  | 4.74 | ¢ |  |  | 0.42 | ¢ |  | 8.9 | %
Fuel and oil | 2.77 |  |  | 2.87 |  |  | (0.10 | ) |  | (3.5 | )
Maintenance materials and repairs | 0.78 |  |  | 0.68 |  |  | 0.10 |  |  | 14.7 |
Landing fees and airport rentals | 0.88 |  |  | 0.85 |  |  | 0.03 |  |  | 3.5 |
Depreciation and amortization | 0.77 |  |  | 0.73 |  |  | 0.04 |  |  | 5.5 |
Other operating expenses | 1.93 |  |  | 1.75 |  |  | 0.18 |  |  | 10.3 |
Total |  | 12.29 | ¢ |  |  | 11.62 | ¢ |  |  | 0.67 | ¢ |  | 5.8 | %

Operating expenses per ASM for the first nine months of 2019 increased by 5.8 percent, compared with the first nine months of 2018, as a result of higher Salaries, wages, and benefits expense. See below for further information. Operating expenses per ASM for the first nine months of 2019, excluding Fuel and oil expense, special items, and profitsharing (a non-GAAP financial measure), increased 8.9 percent, year-over-year, also as a result of higher Salaries, wages, and benefits expense. See Note Regarding Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures and the Reconciliation of Reported Amounts to Non-GAAP Financial Measures for additional detail regarding non-GAAP financial measures.
Salaries, wages, and benefits expense for the first nine months of 2019 increased by $387 million, or 6.8 percent, compared with the first nine months of 2018. On a per ASM basis, Salaries, wages, and benefits expense for the first nine months of 2019 increased 8.9 percent, compared with the first nine months of 2018. On both a dollar and per ASM basis, the majority of the increases were the result of higher salaries expense, driven by annual wage rate increases as well as increased headcount. The remainder of the increases were driven by higher health benefit expense due to higher headcount and medical inflation.
Fuel and oil expense for the first nine months of 2019 decreased by $183 million, or 5.3 percent, compared with the first nine months of 2018. On a per ASM basis, Fuel and oil expense for the first nine months of 2019 decreased 3.5 percent, compared with the first nine months of 2018. On both a dollar and per ASM basis, the decreases were primarily attributable to lower market jet fuel prices. The Company's average economic jet fuel cost per gallon decreased 4.6 percent, year-over-year, to $2.09 for the first nine months of 2019, from $2.19 for the first nine months of 2018. See Note Regarding Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures and the Reconciliation of Reported Amounts to Non-GAAP Financial Measures for additional detail regarding non-GAAP financial measures. These figures include $.05 per gallon in premium expense and $.03 per gallon in favorable cash settlements from fuel derivative contracts for the first nine months of 2019, compared with $.06 per gallon in premium expense and $.08 per gallon in favorable cash settlements from fuel derivative contracts for the first nine months of 2018. The decrease was partially offset by a decline in the Company's fuel efficiency during the first nine months of 2019, compared with the same prior year period, when measured on the basis of ASMs generated per gallon of fuel. The decline in fuel efficiency was primarily due to the removal of the Company's most fuel efficient aircraft from its schedule as a result of the MAX groundings.
Maintenance materials and repairs expense for the first nine months of 2019 increased by $102 million, or 12.5 percent, compared with the first nine months of 2018. On a per ASM basis, Maintenance materials and repairs expense increased
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14.7 percent, compared with the first nine months of 2018. On both a dollar and per ASM basis, the increases were primarily due to the timing of regular airframe maintenance checks.
Landing fees and airport rentals expense for the first nine months of 2019 increased by $25 million, or 2.5 percent, compared with the first nine months of 2018. On a per ASM basis, Landing fees and airport rentals expense increased 3.5 percent, compared with the first nine months of 2018. On both a dollar and per ASM basis, the majority of the increases were due to an increase in space rental rates and usage at various stations throughout the network, partially offset by higher settlements and credits from various airports received in the first nine months of 2019.
Depreciation and amortization expense for the first nine months of 2019 increased by $36 million, or 4.1 percent, compared with the first nine months of 2018. On a per ASM basis, Depreciation and amortization expense increased 5.5 percent, compared with the first nine months of 2018. On both a dollar and per ASM basis, the majority of the increases were associated with the deployment of new technology assets, and the remainder were associated with the additional depreciation from purchases of new owned MAX aircraft, prior to the grounding of the MAX aircraft in March 2019.
Other operating expenses for the first nine months of 2019 increased by $164 million, or 7.8 percent, compared with the first nine months of 2018. On a per ASM basis, Other operating expenses increased 10.3 percent, compared with the first nine months of 2018. On both a dollar and per ASM basis, the increases in Other operating expenses were partially due to $25 million of gains from the sale of 39 owned Boeing 737-300 aircraft and a number of spare engines to a third party recognized during first quarter 2018, which reduced Other operating expenses for first quarter 2018. This gain on sale of retired Boeing 737-300 aircraft was considered a special item and thus excluded from the Company's non-GAAP results. See Note Regarding Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures and the Reconciliation of Reported Amounts to Non-GAAP Financial Measures for additional detail regarding non-GAAP financial measures. Excluding this item, approximately 40 percent of the increases were due to technology project-related expenses. Approximately 20 percent of the increases were due to insurance recoveries from the impacts of irregular operations, which were received in first quarter 2018 and reduced Other operating expenses for first quarter 2018, and the biggest portion of the remainder was due to expenses related to the grounding of the MAX aircraft, such as additional compensation issued to inconvenienced Passengers associated with flight cancellations.
Other
Other expenses (income) include interest expense, capitalized interest, interest income, and other gains and losses. Total other expenses (income) for the first nine months of 2019 decreased by $38 million primarily due to higher interest income as a result of a higher interest rates, and lower interest expense as a result of lower debt balances.
Income Taxes
The Company's effective tax rate was approximately 22.0 percent for the first nine months of 2019, compared with 22.8 percent for the first nine months of 2018. This decrease was primarily attributable to a recent clarification of certain tax laws regarding bonus depreciation, which resulted in a third quarter 2019 reduction in income tax expense of $31 million.
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Reconciliation of Reported Amounts to Non-GAAP Financial Measures (excluding special items) (unaudited)
(in millions, except per share amounts and per ASM amounts)

| Three months ended September 30, |  | Percent |  | Nine months ended September 30, |  | Percent
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | Change |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |  | Change
Fuel and oil expense, unhedged | $ | 1,070 |  |  | $ | 1,225 |  |  |  |  | $ | 3,214 |  |  | $ | 3,459 |  |  |
Add: Premium cost of fuel contracts | 20 |  |  | 34 |  |  |  |  | 75 |  |  | 101 |  |  |
Deduct: Fuel hedge gains included in Fuel and oil expense, net | — |  |  | (54 | ) |  |  |  | (47 | ) |  | (135 | ) |  |
Fuel and oil expense, as reported | $ | 1,090 |  |  | $ | 1,205 |  |  |  |  | $ | 3,242 |  |  | $ | 3,425 |  |  |
Add: Contracts settling in the current period, but for which the impact has been recognized in a prior period (a) | — |  |  | 2 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 14 |  |  |
Fuel and oil expense, excluding special items (economic) | $ | 1,090 |  |  | $ | 1,207 |  |  | (9.7)% |  | $ | 3,242 |  |  | $ | 3,439 |  |  | (5.7)%
Total operating expenses, as reported | $ | 4,820 |  |  | $ | 4,777 |  |  |  |  | $ | 14,406 |  |  | $ | 13,875 |  |  |
Add: Contracts settling in the current period, but for which the impact has been recognized in a prior period (a) | — |  |  | 2 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 14 |  |  |
Add: Gain on sale of retired Boeing 737-300 aircraft | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 25 |  |  |
Total operating expenses, excluding special items | $ | 4,820 |  |  | $ | 4,779 |  |  | 0.9% |  | $ | 14,406 |  |  | $ | 13,914 |  |  | 3.5%
Operating income, as reported | $ | 819 |  |  | $ | 798 |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,292 |  |  | $ | 2,386 |  |  |
Deduct: Contracts settling in the current period, but for which the impact has been recognized in a prior period (a) | — |  |  | (2 | ) |  |  |  | — |  |  | (14 | ) |  |
Deduct: Gain on sale of retired Boeing 737-300 aircraft | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | (25 | ) |  |
Operating income, excluding special items | $ | 819 |  |  | $ | 796 |  |  | 2.9% |  | $ | 2,292 |  |  | $ | 2,347 |  |  | (2.3)%
Net income, as reported | $ | 659 |  |  | $ | 615 |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,787 |  |  | $ | 1,811 |  |  |
Deduct: Contracts settling in the current period, but for which the impact has been recognized in a prior period (a) | — |  |  | (2 | ) |  |  |  | — |  |  | (14 | ) |  |
Deduct: Gain on sale of retired Boeing 737-300 aircraft | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | (25 | ) |  |
Add: Net income tax impact of special items (b) | — |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 9 |  |  |
Net income, excluding special items | $ | 659 |  |  | $ | 614 |  |  | 7.3% |  | $ | 1,787 |  |  | $ | 1,781 |  |  | 0.3%
Net income per share, diluted, as reported | $ | 1.23 |  |  | $ | 1.08 |  |  |  |  | $ | 3.29 |  |  | $ | 3.13 |  |  |
Deduct: Impact from fuel contracts | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | (0.02 | ) |  |
Deduct: Impact of special items | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | (0.04 | ) |  |
Add: Net income tax impact of special items (b) | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 0.01 |  |  |
Net income per share, diluted, excluding special items | $ | 1.23 |  |  | $ | 1.08 |  |  | 13.9% |  | $ | 3.29 |  |  | $ | 3.08 |  |  | 6.8%
Operating expenses per ASM (cents) |  | 12.24 | ¢ |  |  | 11.77 | ¢ |  |  |  |  | 12.29 | ¢ |  |  | 11.62 | ¢ |  |
Deduct: Fuel and oil expense divided by ASMs | (2.77 | ) |  | (2.96 | ) |  |  |  | (2.77 | ) |  | (2.87 | ) |  |
Add: Impact of special items | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 0.02 |  |  |
Deduct: Profitsharing expense divided by ASMs | (0.36 | ) |  | (0.34 | ) |  |  |  | (0.34 | ) |  | (0.34 | ) |  |
Operating expenses per ASM, excluding Fuel and oil expense, special items, and profitsharing (cents) |  | 9.11 | ¢ |  |  | 8.47 | ¢ |  | 7.6% |  |  | 9.18 | ¢ |  |  | 8.43 | ¢ |  | 8.9%

(a) As a result of prior hedge ineffectiveness.
(b) Tax amounts for each individual special item are calculated at the Company's effective rate for the applicable period and totaled in this line item.
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Non-GAAP Return on Invested Capital (ROIC) (in millions) (unaudited)

| Twelve months ended |  | Twelve months ended |
| September 30, 2019 |  | September 30, 2018 |
Operating income, as reported | $ | 3,112 |  |  | $ | 3,127 |  |
Net impact from fuel contracts | — |  |  | (41 | ) |
Gain on sale of retired Boeing 737-300 aircraft | — |  |  | (25 | ) |
Operating income, non-GAAP | $ | 3,112 |  |  | $ | 3,061 |  |
Net adjustment for aircraft leases (a) | 108 |  |  | 100 |  |
Adjusted operating income, non-GAAP (A) | $ | 3,220 |  |  | $ | 3,161 |  |
Non-GAAP tax rate (B) | 21.5 | % | (d) | 22.8 | % | (e)
Net operating profit after-tax, NOPAT (A* (1-B) = C) | $ | 2,529 |  |  | $ | 2,439 |  |
Debt, including finance leases (b) | $ | 3,227 |  |  | $ | 3,461 |  |
Equity (b) | 9,933 |  |  | 9,513 |  |
Net present value of aircraft operating leases (b) | 530 |  |  | 624 |  |
Average invested capital | $ | 13,690 |  |  | $ | 13,598 |  |
Equity adjustment for hedge accounting (c) | (92 | ) |  | (98 | ) |
Adjusted average invested capital (D) | $ | 13,598 |  |  | $ | 13,500 |  |
Non-GAAP ROIC, pre-tax (A/D) | 23.7 | % |  | 23.4 | % |
Non-GAAP ROIC, after tax (C/D) | 18.6 | % |  | 18.1 | % |

(a) Net adjustment related to presumption that all aircraft in fleet are owned (i.e., the impact of eliminating aircraft rent expense and replacing with estimated depreciation expense for those same aircraft). The Company makes this adjustment to enhance comparability to other entities that have different capital structures by utilizing alternative financing decisions.
(b) Calculated as an average of the five most recent quarter end balances or remaining obligations. The Net present value of aircraft operating leases represents the assumption that all aircraft in the Company’s fleet are owned, as it reflects the remaining contractual commitments discounted at the Company's estimated incremental borrowing rate as of the time each individual lease was signed.
(c) The Equity adjustment for hedge accounting in the denominator adjusts for the cumulative impacts, in AOCI and Retained earnings, of gains and/or losses associated with hedge accounting related to fuel hedge derivatives that will settle in future periods. The current period impact of these gains and/or losses is reflected in the Net impact from fuel contracts in the numerator.
(d) The GAAP twelve month rolling tax rate as of September 30, 2019, was 21.5 percent, and the Non-GAAP twelve month rolling tax rate was also 21.5 percent. See Note Regarding Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures for additional information. For annual 2019, the Company estimates its effective tax rate to be in the range of 22.0 to 22.5 percent.
(e) As the twelve month rolling tax rate no longer approximated an annual tax rate due to the significant impact the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act legislation enacted in December 2017 had on corporate tax rates, the Company utilized the 2018 year-to-date tax rate for 2018 ROIC, after-tax. The 2018 year-to-date GAAP tax rate was 22.8 percent, and the Non-GAAP tax rate for the period was also 22.8 percent. Utilizing the Company's tax rate based on Operating income, non-GAAP for the twelve months ended September 30, 2018, of 25.7 percent, Non-GAAP ROIC, after-tax, would have been 17.4 percent. See Note Regarding Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures for additional information.
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Note Regarding Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures
The Company's unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements are prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("GAAP"). These GAAP financial statements may include (i) unrealized noncash adjustments and reclassifications, which can be significant, as a result of accounting requirements and elections made under accounting pronouncements relating to derivative instruments and hedging and (ii) other charges and benefits the Company believes are unusual and/or infrequent in nature and thus may make comparisons to its prior or future performance difficult.
As a result, the Company also provides financial information in this filing that was not prepared in accordance with GAAP and should not be considered as an alternative to the information prepared in accordance with GAAP. The Company provides supplemental non-GAAP financial information (also referred to as "excluding special items"), including results that it refers to as "economic," which the Company's management utilizes to evaluate its ongoing financial performance and the Company believes provides additional insight to investors as supplemental information to its GAAP results. The non-GAAP measures provided that relate to the Company’s performance on an economic fuel cost basis include Fuel and oil expense, non-GAAP; Total operating expenses, non-GAAP; Operating income, non-GAAP; Net income, non-GAAP; Net income per share, diluted, non-GAAP; Operating expenses per ASM, non-GAAP, excluding Fuel and oil expense and profitsharing; Adjusted operating income, non-GAAP; Income tax rate, non-GAAP; and 12 month rolling income tax rate, non-GAAP. The Company's economic Fuel and oil expense results differ from GAAP results in that they only include the actual cash settlements from fuel hedge contracts - all reflected within Fuel and oil expense in the period of settlement. Thus, Fuel and oil expense on an economic basis has historically been utilized by the Company, as well as some of the other airlines that utilize fuel hedging, as it reflects the Company’s actual net cash outlays for fuel during the applicable period, inclusive of settled fuel derivative contracts. Any net premium costs paid related to option contracts that are designated as hedges are reflected as a component of Fuel and oil expense, for both GAAP and non-GAAP (including economic) purposes in the period of contract settlement. The Company believes these economic results provide further insight on the impact of the Company's fuel hedges on its operating performance and liquidity since they exclude the unrealized, noncash adjustments and reclassifications that are recorded in GAAP results in accordance with accounting guidance relating to derivative instruments, and they reflect all cash settlements related to fuel derivative contracts within Fuel and oil expense. This enables the Company's management, as well as investors and analysts, to consistently assess the Company's operating performance on a year-over-year or quarter-over-quarter basis after considering all efforts in place to manage fuel expense. However, because these measures are not determined in accordance with GAAP, such measures are susceptible to varying calculations, and not all companies calculate the measures in the same manner. As a result, the aforementioned measures, as presented, may not be directly comparable to similarly titled measures presented by other companies.
Further information on (i) the Company's fuel hedging program, (ii) the requirements of accounting for derivative instruments, and (iii) the causes of hedge ineffectiveness and/or mark-to-market gains or losses from derivative instruments is included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018 and Note 3 to the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
The Company’s GAAP results in the applicable periods may include other charges or benefits that are also deemed "special items," that the Company believes make its results difficult to compare to prior periods, anticipated future periods, or industry trends. Financial measures identified as non-GAAP (or as excluding special items) have been adjusted to exclude special items. For the periods presented, in addition to the items discussed above, special items include a gain recognized in first quarter 2018, associated with the sale of 39 owned Boeing 737-300 aircraft and a number of spare engines to a third party. These aircraft were previously retired as part of the Company's exit of its Boeing 737-300 fleet. The gain was not anticipated, and the Company associates it with the grounding charge recorded in third quarter 2017.
Because management believes special items can distort the trends associated with the Company’s ongoing performance as an airline, the Company believes that evaluation of its financial performance can be enhanced by a supplemental presentation of results that exclude the impact of special items in order to enhance consistency and comparativeness with results in prior periods that do not include such items and as a basis for evaluating operating results in future
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periods. The following measures are often provided, excluding special items, and utilized by the Company’s management, analysts, and investors to enhance comparability of year-over-year results, as well as to industry trends: Total operating expenses, non-GAAP; Operating income, non-GAAP; Net income, non-GAAP; Net income per share, diluted, non-GAAP; Operating expenses per ASM, non-GAAP, excluding Fuel and oil expense and profitsharing; Adjusted operating income, non-GAAP; Income tax rate, non-GAAP; and 12 month rolling income tax rate, non-GAAP.
The Company has also provided its calculation of return on invested capital, which is a measure of financial performance used by management to evaluate its investment returns on capital. Return on invested capital is not a substitute for financial results as reported in accordance with GAAP, and should not be utilized in place of such GAAP results. Although return on invested capital is not a measure defined by GAAP, it is calculated by the Company, in part, using non-GAAP financial measures. Those non-GAAP financial measures are utilized for the same reasons as those noted above for Net income, non-GAAP and Operating income, non-GAAP. The comparable GAAP measures include charges or benefits that are deemed "special items" that the Company believes make its results difficult to compare to prior periods, anticipated future periods, or industry trends, and the Company’s profitability targets and estimates, both internally and externally, are based on non-GAAP results since in the vast majority of cases the "special items" cannot be reliably predicted or estimated. The Company believes non-GAAP return on invested capital is a meaningful measure because it quantifies the Company's effectiveness in generating returns relative to the capital it has invested in its business. Although return on invested capital is commonly used as a measure of capital efficiency, definitions of return on invested capital differ; therefore, the Company is providing an explanation of its calculation for non-GAAP return on invested capital in the accompanying reconciliation, in order to allow investors to compare and contrast its calculation to the calculations provided by other companies.
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Liquidity and Capital Resources
Net cash provided by operating activities was $1.1 billion for the three months ended September 30, 2019, compared with $1.3 billion provided by operating activities in the same prior year period. For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, net cash provided by operating activities was $3.2 billion, compared with $3.9 billion provided by operating activities in the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The operating cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, were impacted primarily by the Company's Net income (as adjusted for noncash items) and an $897 million increase in Air traffic liability as a result of bookings for future travel and sales of loyalty points to business partners. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, in addition to the Company's Net income (as adjusted for noncash items), there was a $1.0 billion increase in Air traffic liability as a result of bookings for future travel and sales of loyalty points to business partners, and the Company had net cash inflows of $150 million in cash collateral from fuel derivative counterparties. Net cash provided by operating activities is primarily used to finance capital expenditures, repay debt, fund stock repurchases, pay dividends, and provide working capital.
Net cash used in investing activities was $359 million during the three months ended September 30, 2019, compared with $604 million used in investing activities in the same prior year period. Net cash used in investing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, totaled $447 million, compared with $1.4 billion used in investing activities in the same prior year period. Investing activities in both years included Capital expenditures and changes in the balance of the Company's short-term and noncurrent investments. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, Capital expenditures were $766 million, the majority of which included ongoing technology projects, airport and other facility construction projects, and progress payments related to new aircraft to be delivered to the Company. This compared with $1.4 billion in Capital expenditures during the same prior year period, the majority of which were payments for new aircraft delivered to the Company, but also included payments related to technology projects, as well as airport and other facility construction projects. Capital expenditures decreased, year-over-year, largely due to delayed Boeing deliveries as a result of the grounding of the MAX aircraft. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company's transactions in short-term and noncurrent investments resulted in a net cash inflow of $319 million, compared with a $58 million inflow during the same prior year period. Based on aircraft commitments as of September 30, 2019, and based on Boeing's targeted regulatory approval of MAX aircraft return to service during fourth quarter 2019, the Company estimates its annual 2019 capital expenditures to be in the range of $1.1 billion to $1.2 billion. However, all further MAX deliveries are suspended until the FAA rescinds its order grounding the MAX and the timeline of future deliveries is uncertain.
Net cash used in financing activities was $690 million during the three months ended September 30, 2019, compared with $677 million used in financing activities for the same prior year period. Net cash used in financing activities during the nine months ended September 30, 2019, was $2.1 billion, compared with $1.9 billion used in financing activities for the same prior year period. During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, the Company repaid $245 million in debt and finance lease obligations, repurchased $1.45 billion of its outstanding common stock through accelerated share repurchase programs and open market share repurchases, and paid $372 million in cash dividends to Shareholders. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the Company repaid $255 million in debt and finance lease obligations, repurchased $1.5 billion of its outstanding common stock through accelerated share repurchase programs, paid $332 million in cash dividends to Shareholders, and received a reimbursement from the City of Houston for $116 million for the investment and updates made at Houston William P. Hobby Airport.
The Company is a "well-known seasoned issuer" and has an effective shelf registration statement registering an indeterminate amount of debt and equity securities for future sales. The Company currently intends to use the proceeds from any future securities sales off this shelf registration statement for general corporate purposes.
The Company has access to a $1.0 billion unsecured revolving credit facility expiring in August 2022. The revolving credit agreement has an accordion feature that would allow the Company, subject to, among other things, the procurement of incremental commitments, to increase the size of the facility to $1.5 billion. Interest on the facility is based on the Company's credit ratings at the time of borrowing. At the Company's current ratings, the interest cost would be LIBOR plus a spread of 100.0 basis points. The facility contains a financial covenant requiring a minimum
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coverage ratio of adjusted pre-tax income to fixed obligations, as defined. As of September 30, 2019, the Company was in compliance with this covenant and there were no amounts outstanding under the revolving credit facility.
During third quarter 2019, the Company launched the Third Quarter 2019 ASR Program by advancing $500 million to a third party financial institution in a privately negotiated transaction. This completed the remaining $400 million of its previous $2.0 billion share repurchase program that had been authorized by its Board of Directors in May 2018 and initiated the $2.0 billion share repurchase program authorized by its Board of Directors in May 2019. The Company received 9.5 million shares in total under the Third Quarter 2019 ASR Program, which was completed in October 2019. The purchase was recorded as a treasury share repurchase for purposes of calculating earnings per share. As of September 30, 2019, the Company had $1.9 billion remaining under its May 2019 $2.0 billion share repurchase authorization.
The Company routinely carries a working capital deficit, in which its current liabilities exceed its current assets. This is common within the airline industry and is primarily due to the nature of the Air traffic liability account, which is related to advance ticket sales, unused funds available to Customers, and loyalty deferred revenue, which are performance obligations for future Customer flights, do not require future settlement in cash, and are mostly nonrefundable. See Note 5 to the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further information. The Company believes that its current liquidity position, including unrestricted cash and short-term investments of $4.0 billion as of September 30, 2019, anticipated future internally generated funds from operations, and its fully available, unsecured revolving credit facility of $1.0 billion that expires in August 2022, will enable it to meet its future known obligations in the ordinary course of business. However, if a liquidity need were to arise, the Company believes it has access to financing arrangements because of its investment grade credit ratings, large value of unencumbered assets, and modest leverage, which should enable it to meet its ongoing capital, operating, and other liquidity requirements. The Company will continue to consider various borrowing or leasing options to maximize liquidity and supplement cash requirements, as necessary.
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Contractual Obligations and Contingent Liabilities and Commitments
The Company has contractual obligations and commitments primarily with regard to future purchases of aircraft, repayment of debt, and lease arrangements. As of September 30, 2019, the Company had firm deliveries and options for 737 MAX 7 and 737 MAX 8 aircraft as follows in the table below. This delivery schedule reflects contractual commitments; however, MAX deliveries were suspended as of March 13, 2019, upon the FAA emergency order for all U.S. airlines to ground all MAX aircraft. The timeline of future deliveries is uncertain; however, based on the Company's current contractual obligations and Boeing's targeted regulatory approval of MAX return to service in fourth quarter 2019, the Company is still targeting the receipt of seven MAX aircraft deliveries during fourth quarter 2019, with the remaining 34 MAX aircraft originally scheduled for delivery in 2019 shifting into 2020. The FAA will ultimately determine the timing of MAX return to service, and the Company therefore offers no assurances that current estimations and timelines are correct.

| The Boeing Company |  |  |  |  |
| MAX 7 Firm Orders | MAX 8 Firm Orders |  | MAX 8 Options |  | Additional MAX 8s |  | Total |
2019 | 7 |  | 21 |  |  | — |  |  | 16 |  |  | 44 |  | (c)
2020 | — |  | 35 |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | 38 |  |
2021 | — |  | 44 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 44 |  |
2022 | — |  | 27 |  |  | 14 |  |  | — |  |  | 41 |  |
2023 | 12 |  | 22 |  |  | 23 |  |  | — |  |  | 57 |  |
2024 | 11 |  | 30 |  |  | 23 |  |  | — |  |  | 64 |  |
2025 | — |  | 40 |  |  | 36 |  |  | — |  |  | 76 |  |
2026 | — |  | — |  |  | 19 |  |  | — |  |  | 19 |  |
| 30 |  | 219 |  | (a) | 115 |  |  | 19 |  | (b) | 383 |  |

(a) The Company has flexibility to substitute 737 MAX 7 in lieu of 737 MAX 8 firm orders, upon written advance notification as stated in the contract.
(b) To be acquired in leases from various third parties.
(c) Includes three 737 MAX 8 aircraft delivered prior to the March 13, 2019, FAA emergency order issued for all U.S. airlines to ground all MAX aircraft.
Based on aircraft commitments as of September 30, 2019, the Company's capital commitments associated with these firm orders are as follows: $805 million remaining in 2019, $1.4 billion in 2020, $1.6 billion in 2021, $1.2 billion in 2022, $1.6 billion in 2023, and $3.4 billion thereafter. However, based on the Company's current contractual obligations and Boeing's targeted regulatory approval of MAX return to service in fourth quarter 2019, the Company expects approximately $700 million of 2019's scheduled aircraft capital expenditures to shift into 2020. The Company's aircraft spending could be further impacted by the grounding of the MAX aircraft, as all MAX deliveries are suspended until the FAA order is rescinded. The timeline of future deliveries is uncertain.
For aircraft commitments with Boeing, the Company is required to make cash deposits toward the purchase of aircraft in advance. These deposits are classified as Deposits on flight equipment purchase contracts in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet until the aircraft is delivered, at which time deposits previously made are deducted from the final purchase price of the aircraft and are reclassified as Flight equipment.
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The following table details information on the aircraft in the Company's fleet as of September 30, 2019:

|  |  |  | Average Age (Yrs) |  | Number of Aircraft |  | Number Owned |  | Number Leased
Type |  | Seats |  |  |  |
737-700 |  | 143 |  | 15 |  |  | 511 |  |  | 395 |  |  | 116 |
737-800 |  | 175 |  | 4 |  |  | 207 |  |  | 200 |  |  | 7 |
737 MAX 8 |  | 175 |  | 1 |  |  | 34 |  | (a) | 31 |  |  | 3 |
Totals |  |  |  | 12 |  |  | 752 |  |  | 626 |  |  | 126 |

(a) All 34 of the Company's MAX 8 aircraft were grounded as of March 13, 2019, to comply with an FAA emergency order issued for all U.S. airlines to ground all MAX aircraft. See Note 11 to the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.
Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This Form 10-Q contains “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Forward-looking statements are based on, and include statements about, the Company's estimates, expectations, beliefs, intentions, and strategies for the future, and the assumptions underlying these forward-looking statements. Specific forward-looking statements can be identified by the fact that they do not relate strictly to historical or current facts and include, without limitation, statements related to the following:

• | the expected timing of aircraft deliveries, including the factors underlying the Company’s expectations;

• | the Company’s fleet plans;

• | the Company's plans and expectations related to the return of the MAX to service;

• | the Company’s capacity plans and expectations;

• | the Company’s network plans;

• | the Company’s financial outlook and projected results of operations, including assumptions underlying the Company’s projections, in particular assumptions regarding the impact of the MAX groundings and the timing of its return to service;

• | the Company’s plans, expectations, and estimates related to fuel efficiency and fuel costs and the Company’s related management of risk associated with changing jet fuel prices, including the assumptions underlying the estimates;

• | the Company's expectations with respect to capital expenditures and liquidity, including its ability to meet its ongoing capital, operating, and other obligations, and the Company’s anticipated needs for, and sources of, funds;

• | the Company's assessment of market risks; and

• | the Company's plans and expectations related to legal and regulatory proceedings.

While management believes these forward-looking statements are reasonable as and when made, forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks and uncertainties that are difficult to predict. Therefore, actual results may differ materially from what is expressed in or indicated by the Company's forward-looking statements or from historical experience or the Company's present expectations. Factors that could cause these differences include, among others:

• | the Company’s dependence on Boeing and the FAA with respect to the timing of the return of the MAX to service and any related changes to the Company’s operational and financial assumptions and decisions;

• | the impact of governmental regulations and other governmental actions, as well as related consumer perception, on consumer behavior;

• | the impact of changes in consumer behavior, economic conditions, extreme or severe weather and natural disasters, fears of terrorism or war, actions of competitors, and other factors beyond the Company’s control, on the Company's results of operations and business plans;

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• | the impact of any fuel price increases and fuel price volatility on the Company’s business plans and results of operations;

• | the volatility of commodities used by the Company for hedging jet fuel and any changes to the Company's fuel hedging strategies and positions; and

• | other factors as set forth in the Company's filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including the detailed factors discussed under the heading “Risk Factors” in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, and in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2019.

Caution should be taken not to place undue reliance on the Company's forward-looking statements, which represent the Company's views only as of the date this report is filed. The Company undertakes no obligation to update publicly or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
As discussed in Note 3 to the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, the Company endeavors to acquire jet fuel at the lowest possible price and to reduce volatility in operating expenses through its fuel hedging program with the use of financial derivative instruments. At September 30, 2019, the estimated fair value of outstanding contracts was an asset of $114 million.
The Company's credit exposure related to fuel derivative instruments is represented by the fair value of contracts that are in an asset position to the Company. At such times, these outstanding instruments expose the Company to credit loss in the event of nonperformance by the counterparties to the agreements. As of September 30, 2019, the Company had agreements with nine counterparties with respect to which the derivatives held were an asset. To manage credit risk, the Company selects and periodically reviews counterparties based on credit ratings, limits its exposure with respect to each counterparty, and monitors the market position of the fuel hedging program and its relative market position with each counterparty. However, if one or more of these counterparties were in a liability position to the Company and were unable to meet their obligations, any open derivative contracts with the counterparty could be subject to early termination, which could result in substantial losses for the Company. At September 30, 2019, the Company had agreements with all of its active counterparties containing early termination rights and/or bilateral collateral provisions whereby security is required if market risk exposure exceeds a specified threshold amount based on the counterparty's credit rating. The Company also had agreements with counterparties in which cash deposits, letters of credit, and/or pledged aircraft are required to be posted as collateral whenever the net fair value of derivatives associated with those counterparties exceeds specific thresholds.
At September 30, 2019, no cash collateral deposits were provided by or held by the Company from counterparties based on its outstanding fuel derivative instrument portfolio. Due to the types of derivatives held as of September 30, 2019, the Company does not have cash collateral exposure. See Note 3 to the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
The Company is also subject to the risk that the fuel derivatives it uses to hedge against fuel price volatility do not provide adequate protection. The Company has found that financial derivative instruments in commodities, such as West Texas Intermediate crude oil, Brent crude oil, and refined products, such as heating oil and unleaded gasoline, can be useful in decreasing its exposure to jet fuel price volatility. In addition, to add further protection, the Company may periodically enter into jet fuel derivatives for short-term timeframes. Jet fuel is not widely traded on an organized futures exchange and, therefore, there are limited opportunities to hedge directly in jet fuel for time horizons longer than approximately 24 months into the future.
See Item 7A "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk" in the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, for further information about market risk, and Note 3 to the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in this Form 10-Q for further information about the Company's fuel derivative instruments.
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Item 4. Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The Company maintains disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "Exchange Act")) designed to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and forms. These include controls and procedures designed to ensure that this information is accumulated and communicated to the Company's management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management, with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2019. Based on this evaluation, the Company's Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of September 30, 2019, at the reasonable assurance level.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) during the fiscal quarter ended September 30, 2019, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
On June 30, 2015, the U.S. Department of Justice ("DOJ") issued a Civil Investigative Demand ("CID") to the Company. The CID seeks information and documents about the Company’s capacity from January 2010 to the date of the CID including public statements and communications with third parties about capacity. In June 2015, the Company also received a letter from the Connecticut Attorney General requesting information about capacity. The Company is cooperating fully with the DOJ CID and the state inquiry.
On July 1, 2015, a complaint was filed in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York on behalf of putative classes of consumers alleging collusion among the Company, American Airlines, Delta Air Lines, and United Airlines to limit capacity and maintain higher fares in violation of Section 1 of the Sherman Act. Since then, a number of similar class action complaints were filed in the United States District Courts for the Central District of California, the Northern District of California, the District of Columbia, the Middle District of Florida, the Southern District of Florida, the Northern District of Georgia, the Northern District of Illinois, the Southern District of Indiana, the Eastern District of Louisiana, the District of Minnesota, the District of New Jersey, the Eastern District of New York, the Southern District of New York, the Middle District of North Carolina, the District of Oklahoma, the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, the Northern District of Texas, the District of Vermont, and the Eastern District of Wisconsin. On October 13, 2015, the Judicial Panel on Multi-District Litigation centralized the cases to the United States District Court in the District of Columbia. On March 25, 2016, the plaintiffs filed a Consolidated Amended Complaint in the consolidated cases alleging that the defendants conspired to restrict capacity from 2009 to present. The plaintiffs seek to bring their claims on behalf of a class of persons who purchased tickets for domestic airline travel on the defendants' airlines from July 1, 2011 to present. They seek treble damages, injunctive relief, and attorneys' fees and expenses. On May 11, 2016, the defendants moved to dismiss the Consolidated Amended Complaint, and on October 28, 2016, the Court denied this motion. On December 20, 2017, the Company reached an agreement to settle these cases with a proposed class of all persons who purchased domestic airline transportation services from July 1, 2011, to the date of the settlement. The Company agreed to pay $15 million and to provide certain cooperation with the plaintiffs as set forth in the settlement agreement. The Court granted preliminary approval of the settlement on January 3, 2018, and the plaintiffs provided notice to the proposed settlement class. The Court held a fairness hearing on March 22, 2019, and it issued an order granting final approval of the settlement on May 9, 2019. On June 10, 2019, three objectors filed notices of appeal to the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. Two of the objectors dismissed their appeals. The Company and the other settling parties have moved to dismiss the remaining appeal because the district court did not certify the approval order as appealable. The plaintiffs have filed a motion asking the district court to certify the order as appealable, and on October 22, 2019, the court of appeals issued an order holding the appeal in abeyance pending the district court's decision. The Company denies all allegations of wrongdoing.
On July 8, 2015, the Company was named as a defendant in a putative class action filed in the Federal Court in Canada alleging that the Company, Air Canada, American Airlines, Delta Air Lines, and United Airlines colluded to restrict capacity and maintain higher fares for Canadian residents traveling in the United States and for travel between the United States and Canada. Similar lawsuits were filed in the Supreme Court of British Columbia on July 15, 2015, Court of Queen's Bench for Saskatchewan on August 4, 2015, Superior Court of the Province of Quebec on September 21, 2015, and Ontario Superior Court of Justice on October 6, 2015. In December 2015, the Company entered into Tolling and Discontinuance agreements with putative class counsel in the Federal Court, British Columbia, and Ontario proceedings and a discontinuance agreement with putative class counsel in the Quebec proceeding. The other defendants entered into an agreement with the same putative class counsel to stay the Federal Court, British Columbia, and Quebec proceedings and to proceed in Ontario. On June 10, 2016, the Federal Court granted plaintiffs' motion to discontinue that action against the Company without prejudice and stayed the action against the other defendants. On July 13, 2016, the plaintiff unilaterally discontinued the action against the Company in British Columbia. On February 14, 2017, the Quebec Court granted the plaintiff’s motion to discontinue the Quebec proceeding against the Company and to stay that proceeding against the other defendants. On March 10, 2017, the Ontario Court granted the plaintiff’s motion to discontinue that proceeding as to the Company. On September 29, 2017, the Company and the other defendants entered into a tolling agreement suspending any limitations periods that may apply to possible claims among them for
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contribution and indemnity arising from the Canadian litigation. The Saskatchewan claim has not been served on the Company, and the time for the Company to respond to that complaint has not yet begun to run. The plaintiff in that case generally seeks damages (including punitive damages in certain cases), prejudgment interest, disgorgement of any benefits accrued by the defendants as a result of the allegations, injunctive relief, and attorneys' fees and other costs. The Company denies all allegations of wrongdoing and intends to vigorously defend this civil case in Canada. The Company does not currently serve Canada.
On July 11, 2019, a complaint alleging violations of federal and state laws and seeking certification as a class action was filed against Boeing and the Company in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Texas in Sherman. The complaint alleges that Boeing and the Company colluded to conceal defects with the MAX aircraft in violation of the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organization Act and also asserts related state law claims based upon the same alleged facts. The initial complaint seeks damages on behalf of putative classes of customers who purchased tickets for air travel from either the Company or American Airlines between August 29, 2017, and March 13, 2019. The complaint generally seeks money damages, equitable monetary relief, injunctive relief, declaratory relief, and attorneys’ fees and other costs. On September 13, 2019, the Company filed a motion to dismiss the complaint and to strike certain class allegations. The plaintiffs have filed a response to the Company's motion, but the briefing to the court has not yet been completed. The Company denies all allegations of wrongdoing, including those in the complaint. The Company believes the plaintiffs' positions are without merit and intends to vigorously defend itself.
The Company is from time to time subject to various legal proceedings and claims arising in the ordinary course of business, including, but not limited to, examinations by the Internal Revenue Service.
The Company’s management does not expect that the outcome in any of its currently ongoing legal proceedings or the outcome of any proposed adjustments presented to date by the Internal Revenue Service, individually or collectively, will have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, or cash flow.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
Except for the additional risk factor set forth below, there have been no material changes to the factors disclosed in Item 1A. Risk Factors in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.
The Federal Aviation Administration’s grounding of the Boeing 737 MAX aircraft and issuance of other orders or directives relating to the Company's fleet may materially and adversely affect the Company’s business plans, strategies, and results of operations.
The Company is dependent on Boeing as its sole supplier for new aircraft, as reflected in the delivery schedule disclosed in "Liquidity and Capital Resources." The Boeing 737 MAX aircraft are key to the Company’s fleet modernization initiative. On March 13, 2019, the Federal Aviation Administration ("FAA") issued an emergency order for all U.S. airlines to ground the 737 MAX, including the 34 737 MAX aircraft in the Company’s fleet (the “MAX groundings”). The FAA continues to exercise extensive regulatory oversight of the Company’s operations, and, from time to time, issues orders or directives relating to the maintenance and operation of aircraft that require significant expenditures or operational restrictions. FAA orders and directives can be issued with little or no notice, and in certain instances, require the temporary grounding of aircraft.
The Company does not know whether, on what conditions, or when the MAX groundings will end. Boeing has stated that it is targeting regulatory approval of MAX return to service in fourth quarter 2019; however, the timing of regulatory approval of MAX return to service has continued to protract beyond the Company’s expectations, and the Company continues to make adjustments to its flight schedule due to ongoing uncertainty of the specific timing of the MAX return to service. Regulatory approval of MAX return to service is subject to Boeing's ongoing work with the FAA, who will determine the timing of MAX return to service. The MAX groundings have adversely affected operating results for the nine months ended September 30, 2019, and may have a material, adverse effect on the Company’s operating results in future periods. An extended or permanent grounding of the 737 MAX, as well as the issuance of other FAA orders or directives, could result in additional flight schedule adjustments and further groundings or delays
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in aircraft deliveries, as well as lower operating revenues, operating income, and net income due to a variety of factors, including, among others, lost revenue due to flight cancellations and disruptions as a result of a smaller operating aircraft fleet, the lack of ability to make corresponding reductions in expenses because of the fixed nature of many expenses, and possible negative effects on Customer confidence and airline choice. Boeing no longer manufactures versions of the 737 other than the 737 MAX family of aircraft. If Boeing 737 MAX aircraft remain unavailable for the Company’s flight operations, the Company may be required to shift to other aircraft for fleet modernization or to service the routes in its business plan. Such a shift could materially increase the Company’s costs, including the cost of other aircraft and the cost of training pilots, mechanics, and other personnel to operate other types of aircraft. Any of these events could have a material, adverse effect on the Company’s business, operating results, and financial condition.
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Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities (1)
|  | (a) |  | (b) |  | (c) |  | (d)
|  |  |  |  |  | Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs |  | Maximum dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs
|  | Total number of shares purchased |  | Average price paid per share |  |
Period |  |  |  |
July 1, 2019 through July 31, 2019 |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  | (2) | — |  |  | $ | 1,900,051,674 |
August 1, 2019 through August 31, 2019 |  | 9,491,900 |  |  | $ | — |  | (2)(3) | 9,491,900 |  |  | $ | 1,900,051,674 |
September 1, 2019 through September 30, 2019 |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 1,900,051,674 |
Total |  | 9,491,900 |  |  |  |  | 9,491,900 |  |  |

(1) | On May 16, 2018, the Company's Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $2.0 billion of the Company's common stock. On May 15, 2019, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of up to $2.0 billion of the Company’s common stock in a new share repurchase authorization, upon the completion of the May 2018 share repurchase authorization. Repurchases are made in accordance with applicable securities laws in open market or private, including accelerated, repurchase transactions from time to time, depending on market conditions, and may be discontinued at any time.

(2) | Under the Third Quarter 2019 ASR Program launched in July 2019, the Company paid $500 million and received an initial delivery of 7,471,534 shares during August 2019, representing an estimated 75 percent of the shares to be purchased by the Company under the Third Quarter 2019 ASR Program based on a volume-weighted average price of $50.1905 per share of the Company’s common stock on the New York Stock Exchange during a calculation period between July 30, 2019 and August 20, 2019. Final settlement of the Third Quarter 2019 ASR Program occurred in October 2019 and was determined based generally on a discount to the volume-weighted average price per share of the Company's common stock during a calculation period completed in October 2019. Upon settlement, the third party financial institution delivered 2,019,792 additional shares of the Company’s common stock to the Company. In total, the average purchase price per share for the 9,491,326 shares repurchased under the Third Quarter 2019 ASR Program, upon completion of the Third Quarter 2019 ASR Program in October 2019, was $52.6797.

(3) | Under an accelerated share repurchase program entered into by the Company with a third party financial institution in second quarter 2019 (the “Second Quarter 2019 ASR Program”), the Company paid $400 million and received an initial delivery of 5,795,570 shares during June 2019, representing an estimated 75 percent of the shares to be purchased by the Company under the Second Quarter 2019 ASR Program based on a volume-weighted average price of $51.7637 per share of the Company’s common stock on the New York Stock Exchange during a calculation period between April 29, 2019 and June 4, 2019. Final settlement of the Second Quarter 2019 ASR Program occurred in August 2019 and was determined based generally on a discount to the volume-weighted average price per share of the Company's common stock during a calculation period completed in July 2019. Upon settlement, the third party financial institution delivered 2,020,366 additional shares of the Company’s common stock to the Company. In total, the average purchase price per share for the 7,815,936 shares repurchased under the Second Quarter 2019 ASR Program, upon completion of the Second Quarter 2019 ASR Program in August 2019, was $51.1775.

Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable
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Item 5. Other Information
None
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Item 6. Exhibits

3.1 | Restated Certificate of Formation of the Company, effective May 18, 2012 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2012 (File No. 1-7259)).
3.2 | Second Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company, effective November 17, 2016 (incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 21, 2016 (File No. 1-7259)).
31.1 | Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Chief Executive Officer.
31.2 | Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of Chief Financial Officer.
32.1 | Section 1350 Certifications of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. (1)
101.INS | XBRL Instance Document - The instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).

(1) Furnished, not filed.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

| SOUTHWEST AIRLINES CO.
November 8, 2019 | By: | /s/ Tammy Romo
|  | Tammy Romo
|  | Executive Vice President & Chief Financial Officer
|  | (On behalf of the Registrant and in
|  | her capacity as Principal Financial
|  | and Accounting Officer)

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