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Income Taxes
3 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Income Taxes  
Income Taxes

10.   Income Taxes

The Company's effective tax rate was 22.4% and 31.3% for the three months ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, respectively. The most significant items contributing to the difference between the statutory U.S. federal corporate tax rate of 21.0% and the Company's effective tax rate for the three month period ended December 31, 2020 were a tax benefit of $10.9 million related to income tax credits and incentives, tax expense of $7.2 million related to foreign residual income, and tax expense of $4.5 million related to state income taxes. All of these items are expected to have a continuing impact on the effective tax rate for the remainder of the fiscal year

The most significant items contributing to the difference between the statutory U.S. federal corporate tax rate of 21.0% and the Company’s effective tax rate for the three month period ended December 31, 2019 were tax expense of $5.6 million related to nondeductible costs, tax expense of $4.0 million related to foreign residual income, and tax expense of $2.8 million related to state income taxes. These items of tax expense were partially offset by a tax benefit of $7.4 million related to income tax credits and incentives.

The Company is utilizing the annual effective tax rate method under ASC 740 to compute its interim tax provision. The Company’s effective tax rate fluctuates from quarter to quarter due to various factors including the change in the mix of global income and expenses, outcomes of administrative audits, changes in the assessment of valuation allowances due to management’s consideration of new positive or negative evidence during the quarter, and changes in enacted tax laws. Many international legislative and regulatory bodies have proposed legislation that could significantly impact how our international business activities are taxed. These proposed changes could have a material impact on the Company’s income tax expense and deferred tax balances.

The Company is currently under tax audit in several jurisdictions including the U.S. and believes the outcomes which are reasonably possible within the next twelve months, including lapses in statutes of limitations, could result in future adjustments, but will not result in a material change in the liability for uncertain tax positions.

Generally, the Company does not provide for U.S. taxes or foreign withholding taxes on gross book-tax differences in its non-U.S. subsidiaries because such basis differences of approximately $1.5 billion are able to and intended to be reinvested indefinitely. If these basis differences were distributed, foreign tax credits could become available under current law to partially or fully reduce the resulting U.S. income tax liability. There may also be additional U.S. or foreign income tax liability upon repatriation, although the calculation of such additional taxes is not practicable.