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Revenue Recognition | 9 Months Ended
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Jun. 30, 2023
Revenue Recognition. |
Revenue Recognition | 4. Revenue Recognition ​ The Company follows accounting principles for recognizing revenue upon the transfer of control of promised goods or services to customers, in an amount that reflects the expected consideration received in exchange for those goods or services. The Company generally recognizes revenues over time as performance obligations are satisfied. The Company generally measures its progress to completion using an input measure of total costs incurred divided by total costs expected to be incurred, which it believes to be the best measure of progress towards completion of the performance obligation. In the course of providing its services, the Company routinely subcontracts for services and incurs other direct costs on behalf of its clients. These costs are passed through to clients and, in accordance with GAAP, are included in the Company’s revenue and cost of revenue. These pass-through revenues for the nine months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022 were $5.6 billion and $5.0 billion, respectively. ​ Recognition of revenue and profit is dependent upon a number of factors, including the accuracy of a variety of estimates made at the balance sheet date, such as engineering progress, material quantities, the achievement of milestones, penalty provisions, labor productivity and cost estimates. Additionally, the Company is required to make estimates for the amount of consideration to be received, including bonuses, awards, incentive fees, claims, unpriced change orders, penalties, and liquidated damages. Variable consideration is included in the estimate of the transaction price only to the extent that a significant reversal would not be probable. Management continuously monitors factors that may affect the quality of its estimates, and material changes in estimates are disclosed accordingly. Costs attributable to claims are treated as costs of contract performance as incurred. ​ The following summarizes the Company’s major contract types: ​ Cost Reimbursable Contracts ​ Cost reimbursable contracts include cost-plus fixed fee, cost-plus fixed rate, and time-and-materials price contracts. Under cost-plus contracts, the Company charges clients for its costs, including both direct and indirect costs, plus a negotiated fee or rate. The Company recognizes revenue based on actual direct costs incurred and the applicable fixed rate or portion of the fixed fee earned as of the balance sheet date. Under time-and-materials price contracts, the Company negotiates hourly billing rates and charges its clients based on the actual time that it expends on a project. In addition, clients reimburse the Company for materials and other direct incidental expenditures incurred in connection with its performance under the contract. The Company may apply a practical expedient to recognize revenue in the amount in which it has the right to invoice if its right to consideration is equal to the value of performance completed to date. ​ Guaranteed Maximum Price Contracts (GMP) ​ GMP contracts share many of the same contract provisions as cost-plus and fixed-price contracts. As with cost-plus contracts, clients are provided a disclosure of all the project costs, and a lump sum or percentage fee is separately identified. The Company provides clients with a guaranteed price for the overall project (adjusted for change orders issued by clients) and a schedule including the expected completion date. Cost overruns or costs associated with project delays in completion could generally be the Company’s responsibility. For many of the Company’s commercial or residential GMP contracts, the final price is generally not established until the Company has subcontracted a substantial percentage of the trade contracts with terms consistent with the master contract, and it has negotiated additional contractual limitations, such as waivers of consequential damages as well as aggregate caps on liabilities and liquidated damages. Revenue is recognized for GMP contracts as project costs are incurred relative to total estimated project costs. ​ Fixed-Price Contracts ​ Fixed-price contracts include both lump-sum and fixed-unit price contracts. Under lump-sum contracts, the Company performs all the work under the contract for a specified fee. Lump-sum contracts are typically subject to price adjustments if the scope of the project changes or unforeseen conditions arise. Under fixed-unit price contracts, the Company performs a number of units of work at an agreed price per unit with the total payment under the contract determined by the actual number of units delivered. Revenue is recognized for fixed-price contracts using the input method measured on a cost-to-cost basis as the Company believes this is the best measure of progress towards completion. ​ The following tables present the Company’s revenues disaggregated by revenue sources: ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three months ended | ​ | Nine months ended
​ | ​ | June 30, | ​ | June 30, | ​ | June 30, | ​ | June 30,
​ |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
​ |  | (in millions)
Cost reimbursable | ​ | $ | 1,500.2 | ​ | $ | 1,328.0 | ​ | $ | 4,526.4 | ​ | $ | 4,014.5
Guaranteed maximum price | ​ |  | 1,325.5 | ​ | ​ | 1,105.5 | ​ | ​ | 3,564.7 | ​ | ​ | 3,178.1
Fixed-price | ​ |  | 837.9 | ​ | ​ | 808.2 | ​ | ​ | 2,445.0 | ​ | ​ | 2,529.5
Total revenue | ​ | $ | 3,663.6 | ​ | $ | 3,241.7 | ​ | $ | 10,536.1 | ​ | $ | 9,722.1
​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three months ended | ​ | Nine months ended
​ | ​ | June 30, | ​ | June 30, | ​ | June 30, | ​ | June 30,
​ |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
​ |  | (in millions)
Americas | ​ | $ | 2,829.4 | ​ | $ | 2,457.5 | ​ | $ | 8,039.3 | ​ | $ | 7,322.2
Europe, Middle East, India, Africa | ​ |  | 476.0 | ​ | ​ | 426.7 | ​ | ​ | 1,418.1 | ​ | ​ | 1,325.1
Asia-Australia-Pacific | ​ |  | 358.2 | ​ | ​ | 357.5 | ​ | ​ | 1,078.7 | ​ | ​ | 1,074.8
Total revenue | ​ | $ | 3,663.6 | ​ | $ | 3,241.7 | ​ | $ | 10,536.1 | ​ | $ | 9,722.1
​ As of June 30, 2023, the Company had allocated $21.7 billion of transaction price to unsatisfied or partially satisfied performance obligations, of which approximately 55% is expected to be satisfied within the next twelve months and the remaining 45% thereafter. ​ Contract liabilities represent amounts billed to clients in excess of revenue recognized to date. The Company recognized revenue of $869.5 million and $504.7 million during the nine months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, that was included in contract liabilities as of September 30, 2022 and 2021, respectively. ​ The Company’s timing of revenue recognition may not be consistent with its rights to bill and collect cash from its clients. Those rights are generally dependent upon advance billing terms, milestone billings based on the completion of certain phases of work or when services are performed. The Company’s accounts receivables represent amounts billed to clients that have yet to be collected and represent an unconditional right to cash from its clients. Contract assets represent the amount of contract revenue recognized but not yet billed pursuant to contract terms or accounts billed after the balance sheet date. Contract liabilities represent billings as of the balance sheet date, as allowed under the terms of a contract, but not yet recognized as contract revenue pursuant to the Company’s revenue recognition policy. ​ Net accounts receivable consisted of the following: ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | June 30, | ​ | September 30,
​ | ​ | 2023 |  | 2022
​ | ​ | (in millions)
Billed | ​ | $ | 2,096.4 | ​ | $ | 1,931.4
Contract retentions | ​ |  | 499.2 | ​ | ​ | 490.4
Total accounts receivable—gross | ​ |  | 2,595.6 | ​ | ​ | 2,421.8
Allowance for doubtful accounts and credit losses | ​ |  | (77.1) | ​ | ​ | (104.0)
Total accounts receivable—net | ​ | $ | 2,518.5 | ​ | $ | 2,317.8
​ Substantially all contract assets as of June 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022 are expected to be billed and collected within twelve months, except for claims. Significant claims recorded in contract assets and other non-current assets were approximately $150 million as of June 30, 2023 and $110 million as of September 30, 2022. The asset related to the Deactivation, Demolition, and Removal Project retained from the MS Purchaser as defined in and discussed in Note 15 is presented in prepaid expense and other current assets from continuing operations in the Consolidated Balance Sheet. Contract retentions represent amounts invoiced to clients where payments have been withheld from progress payments until the contracted work has been completed and approved by the client but nonetheless represent an unconditional right to cash. ​ The Company considers a broad range of information to estimate expected credit losses including the related ages of past due balances, projections of credit losses based on historical trends, and collection history and credit quality of its clients. Negative macroeconomic trends or delays in payment of outstanding receivables could result in an increase in the estimated credit losses. ​ No single client accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s outstanding receivables at June 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022. ​ The Company sold trade receivables to financial institutions of which $272.6 million and $240.3 million were outstanding as of June 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022, respectively. The Company does not retain financial or legal obligations for these receivables that would result in material losses. The Company’s ongoing involvement is limited to the remittance of customer payments to the financial institutions with respect to the sold trade receivables.

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