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Income Taxes
 9 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2023
Income Taxes  
Income Taxes

10.   Income Taxes

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The Company’s effective tax rate was 29.9% and 26.0% for the nine months ended June 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The most significant items contributing to the difference between the statutory U.S. federal corporate tax rate of 21.0% and the Company’s effective tax rate for the nine-month period ended June 30, 2023 were a tax benefit of $35.7 million related to income tax credits and

incentives, tax expense of $32.2 million related to foreign residual income, and tax expense of $21.0 million related to valuation allowances established in the third quarter of fiscal 2023 due to the AECOM Capital impairment charge. These items are expected to have a continuing impact on the effective tax rate for the remainder of the fiscal year, except for the tax expense related to valuation allowances.

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The most significant items contributing to the difference between the statutory U.S. federal corporate tax rate of 21.0% and the Company’s effective tax rate for the nine-month period ended June 30, 2022 were a tax benefit of $36.4 million related to income tax credits and incentives, tax expense of $31.4 million related to foreign residual income, tax expense of $16.4 million related to state income taxes, tax expense of $15.7 million related to uncertain tax positions, tax expense of $11.9 million related to nondeductible costs, and tax benefit of $11.6 million related to changes in valuation allowances.

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During the nine-month period ended June 30, 2022, valuation allowances in the amount of $21.9 million primarily related to net operating losses in certain foreign entities were released due to sufficient positive evidence. The positive evidence included a realignment of the Company’s global transfer pricing methodology which resulted in forecasting the utilization of the net operating losses within the foreseeable future.

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The Company is utilizing the annual effective tax rate method under ASC 740 to compute its interim tax provision. The Company’s effective tax rate fluctuates from quarter to quarter due to various factors including the change in the mix of global income and expenses, outcomes of administrative audits, changes in the assessment of valuation allowances due to management’s consideration of new positive or negative evidence during the quarter, and changes in enacted tax laws. The U.S.and many international legislative and regulatory bodies have proposed legislation that could significantly impact how our business activities are taxed. These proposed changes could have a material impact on the Company’s income tax expense and deferred tax balances.

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The Company is currently under tax audit in several jurisdictions including the U.S. and believes the outcomes which are reasonably possible within the next twelve months, including lapses in statutes of limitations, could result in future adjustments, but will not result in a material change in the liability for uncertain tax positions.

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Generally, the Company does not provide for U.S. taxes or foreign withholding taxes on gross book-tax differences in its non-U.S. subsidiaries because such basis differences of approximately $1.3 billion are able to and intended to be reinvested indefinitely. If these basis differences were distributed, foreign tax credits could become available under current law to partially or fully reduce the resulting U.S. income tax liability. There may also be additional U.S. or foreign income tax liability upon repatriation, although the calculation of such additional taxes is not practicable.