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Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - KRW (₩)
₩ in Millions
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Dec. 31, 2022
Dec. 31, 2021
Cash flows from operating activities      
Loss for the year ₩ (4,716,144) ₩ (24,429,108) ₩ (5,215,581)
Adjustments to reconcile profit (loss) for the year to net cash provided by operating activities:      
Income tax benefit (2,837,833) (9,414,511) (1,855,989)
Depreciation 12,869,089 12,305,252 11,776,331
Amortization 163,174 156,160 166,161
Employee benefit expense 358,730 485,700 512,270
Bad debt expense 101,550 29,997 67,242
Interest expense 4,451,659 2,818,546 1,914,457
Loss on disposal of financial assets 1 1,841 1,045
Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment 98,120 100,066 92,622
Loss on abandonment of property, plant and equipment 196,697 160,909 207,934
Loss (gain) on impairment of property, plant and equipment 17,031 (97,425) 4,056
Loss on impairment of intangible assets 2,865 164 0
Loss on disposal of intangible assets 71 116 145
Increase in provisions 1,611,082 2,146,979 2,466,452
Loss on foreign currency translation, net 363,659 523,285 997,119
Gain on valuation of financial assets at fair value through profit or loss (152,322) (7,099) (14,338)
Loss on valuation of financial assets at fair value through profit or loss 24,015 44,329 5,480
Valuation and transaction gain on derivative instruments, net (323,858) (448,903) (907,076)
Gain on valuation of investments in associates and joint ventures, net (595,056) (1,338,293) (557,056)
Gain on disposal of financial assets (13,162) (11,199) (7,718)
Reversal of impairment loss on intangible assets 0 0 (14)
Gain on disposal of property, plant and equipment (32,196) (148,667) (56,284)
Gain on disposal of intangible assets (136) (41) (1)
Gain on disposal of investments in associates and joint ventures (18,204) (11,091) (1,844)
Loss on disposal of investments in associates and joint ventures 0 1,675 64,119
Impairment loss on investments in associates and joint ventures 19 5,174 0
Reversal of impairment loss on investments in associates and joint ventures (347) 0  
Gain on disposal of subsidiaries (2) 0  
Loss on disposal of investments in subsidiaries 564 32,144 197
Interest income (429,620) (340,753) (221,874)
Dividend income (25,941) (28,875) (10,522)
Others, net 6,910 215,943 (169,856)
Adjustments to reconcile profit (loss) for the year to net cash provided by operating activities 15,836,559 7,181,423 14,473,058
Changes in working capital:      
Trade receivables (1,484,134) (1,909,649) (216,734)
Non-trade receivables 625,993 80,444 869,870
Accrued income (258,993) (34,706) (17,918)
Other receivables 56,460 80,236 24,306
Other current assets 251,842 (651,926) (569,732)
Inventories 147,798 (3,000,669) (1,738,000)
Other non-current assets (101,576) 58,790 (3,462)
Trade payables (3,154,822) 2,782,474 2,144,561
Non-trade payables (960,450) 61,737 (571,051)
Accrued expenses (228,464) (191,681) (456,992)
Other current liabilities 901,692 446,064 379,378
Other non-current liabilities 437,809 422,916 458,007
Investments in associates and joint ventures (dividends received) 592,812 473,700 288,242
Provisions (1,497,699) (1,564,243) (2,426,017)
Payments of employee benefit obligations (281,383) (218,319) (159,477)
Plan assets (188,566) (347,778) (317,707)
Changes in working capital (5,141,681) (3,512,610) (2,312,726)
Cash generated from operating activities 5,978,734 (20,760,295) 6,944,751
Dividends received (financial assets at fair value through other comprehensive income) 25,941 28,875 10,522
Interest paid (4,245,838) (2,517,694) (1,928,160)
Interest received 329,740 220,471 201,022
Income taxes paid (566,415) (448,857) (736,757)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities 1,522,162 (23,477,500) 4,491,378
Cash flows from investing activities      
Proceeds from disposals of investments in associates and joint ventures 5,806 56,171 4,472
Acquisition of investments in associates and joint ventures (497,634) (360,962) (673,017)
Proceeds from disposals of property, plant and equipment 309,627 629,924 277,998
Acquisition of property, plant and equipment (13,908,373) (12,346,878) (12,686,726)
Proceeds from disposals of intangible assets 153 279 59
Acquisition of intangible assets (74,832) (80,508) (113,100)
Disposal of investment properties 0 515 0
Proceeds from disposals of financial assets 4,389,228 14,182,348 7,023,674
Acquisition of financial assets (3,141,906) (16,496,258) (5,893,404)
Increase in loans (212,994) (401,377) (223,950)
Collection of loans 124,386 102,061 218,704
Increase in deposits (138,205) (237,266) (222,924)
Decrease in deposits 130,221 141,000 166,066
Proceeds from disposals of assets held-for-sale 28,727 24,205 1,148
Receipt of government grants 57,207 50,755 37,920
Net cash outflow from changes in consolidation scope (25,849) (31,350) (63,492)
Other cash outflow from investing activities, net (119,319) (186,412) (225,948)
Net cash used in investing activities (13,073,757) (14,953,753) (12,372,520)
Cash flows from financing activities      
Proceeds from short-term borrowings, net 1,946,992 5,852,426 1,621,440
Proceeds from long-term borrowings and debt securities 21,714,092 43,594,078 17,392,311
Repayment of long-term borrowings and debt securities (10,968,160) (10,252,688) (9,360,357)
Payment of lease liabilities (574,239) (562,646) (572,036)
Settlement of derivative instruments, net 332,263 407,627 98,068
Change in non-controlling interests 218,766 175,645 90,096
Repayment of hybrid bond 0 (169,537) 0
Dividends paid (hybrid bond) (10,212) (13,461) (13,385)
Dividends paid (45,323) (42,348) (812,159)
Other cash Inflow (outflow) from financing activities, net 47,703 8,803 (8,901)
Net cash provided by financing activities 12,661,882 38,997,899 8,435,077
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents before effect of exchange rate fluctuations 1,110,287 566,646 553,935
Effect of exchange rate fluctuations on cash held (2,180) 32,896 51,719
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents 1,108,107 599,542 605,654
Cash and cash equivalents at January 1 3,234,780 2,635,238 2,029,584
Cash and cash equivalents at December 31 ₩ 4,342,887 ₩ 3,234,780 ₩ 2,635,238