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Table of Contents
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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
________________________________________________________________
FORM 10-Q
________________________________________________________________

☒ | Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 31, 2025

☐ | Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

for the transition period from to .
Commission File Number: 001-39375
________________________________________________________________
COHERENT CORP.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
________________________________________________________________

Pennsylvania |  | 25-1214948
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
375 Saxonburg Boulevard |  | 16056
Saxonburg, | PA |  | (Zip Code)
(Address of principal executive offices) |  |

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: 724-352-4455
N/A
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
________________________________________________________________
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, no par value | COHR | New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | ☒ | Accelerated filer | ☐
Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Smaller reporting company | ☐
|  | Emerging growth company | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date:
At May 5, 2025, 155,440,611 shares of Common Stock, no par value, of the registrant were outstanding.

Table of Contents
COHERENT CORP.
INDEX

| Page No.
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
Item 1. |  | Financial Statements: |
|  | Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets – March 31, 2025 and June 30, 2024 (Unaudited) | 3
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings (Loss) – Three and Nine Months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 (Unaudited) | 5
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) – Three and Nine Months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 (Unaudited) | 6
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows – Nine Months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 (Unaudited) | 7
|  | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity and Mezzanine Equity – Three and Nine Months Ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 (Unaudited) | 9
|  | Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) | 11
Item 2. |  | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 26
Item 3. |  | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 36
Item 4. |  | Controls and Procedures | 36
PART II - OTHER INFORMATION |
Item 1. |  | Legal Proceedings | 37
Item 1A. |  | Risk Factors | 37
Item 5. |  | Other Information | 40
Item 6. |  | Exhibits | 41

2

Table of Contents
PART I - FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Coherent Corp. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited)
($000)

| March 31, 2025 |  | June 30, 2024
Assets |  |  |
Current Assets |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 890,258 |  |  | $ | 926,033 |
Restricted cash, current | 19,064 |  |  | 174,008 |
Accounts receivable - less allowance for doubtful accounts of $10,167 at March 31, 2025 and $9,511 at June 30, 2024 | 1,010,028 |  |  | 848,542 |
Inventories | 1,391,525 |  |  | 1,286,404 |
Prepaid and refundable income taxes | 24,912 |  |  | 26,909 |
Prepaid and other current assets | 364,070 |  |  | 398,203 |
Total Current Assets | 3,699,857 |  |  | 3,660,099 |
Property, plant & equipment, net | 1,936,436 |  |  | 1,817,259 |
Goodwill | 4,457,960 |  |  | 4,464,329 |
Other intangible assets, net | 3,282,517 |  |  | 3,503,247 |
Deferred income taxes | 52,555 |  |  | 40,966 |
Restricted cash, non-current | 716,708 |  |  | 689,645 |
Other assets | 298,792 |  |  | 313,089 |
Total Assets | $ | 14,444,825 |  |  | $ | 14,488,634 |
Liabilities, Mezzanine Equity and Equity |  |  |
Current Liabilities |  |  |
Current portion of long-term debt | $ | 4,667 |  |  | $ | 73,770 |
Accounts payable | 777,331 |  |  | 631,548 |
Accrued compensation and benefits | 242,332 |  |  | 212,458 |
Operating lease current liabilities | 42,725 |  |  | 40,580 |
Accrued income taxes payable | 117,334 |  |  | 90,705 |
Other accrued liabilities | 312,615 |  |  | 294,706 |
Total Current Liabilities | 1,497,004 |  |  | 1,343,767 |
Long-term debt | 3,727,130 |  |  | 4,026,448 |
Deferred income taxes | 673,815 |  |  | 784,374 |
Operating lease liabilities | 170,003 |  |  | 162,355 |
Other liabilities | 208,084 |  |  | 225,411 |
Total Liabilities | 6,276,036 |  |  | 6,542,355 |
Mezzanine Equity |  |  |
Series B redeemable convertible preferred stock, no par value, 5% cumulative; issued - 215,000 shares at March 31, 2025 and June 30, 2024; redemption value - $2,520,047 and $2,427,860, respectively | 2,461,560 |  |  | 2,364,772 |
Shareholders' Equity |  |  |
Common stock, no par value; authorized - 300,000,000 shares; issued - 171,567,248 shares at March 31, 2025; 168,406,323 shares at June 30, 2024 | 5,013,770 |  |  | 4,857,657 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (AOCI) | (11,273) |  |  | 2,640 |
Retained earnings | 713,135 |  |  | 664,940 |
| 5,715,632 |  |  | 5,525,237 |
Treasury stock, at cost; 16,219,804 shares at March 31, 2025 and 15,626,740 shares at June 30, 2024 | (363,010) |  |  | (315,122) |
Total Coherent Corp. Shareholders’ Equity | 5,352,622 |  |  | 5,210,115 |
Noncontrolling interests (NCI) | 354,607 |  |  | 371,392 |
Total Equity | 5,707,229 |  |  | 5,581,507 |
Total Liabilities, Mezzanine Equity and Equity | $ | 14,444,825 |  |  | $ | 14,488,634 |

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
3

Table of Contents
Coherent Corp. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings (Loss) (Unaudited)
($000, except per share data)

| Three Months Ended March 31,
| 2025 |  | 2024
Revenues | $ | 1,497,879 |  |  | $ | 1,208,809 |
Costs, Expenses, and Other Expense (Income) |  |  |
Cost of goods sold | 970,189 |  |  | 842,322 |
Research and development | 150,731 |  |  | 127,485 |
Selling, general and administrative | 231,439 |  |  | 205,167 |
Restructuring charges | 73,769 |  |  | 11,530 |
Interest expense | 57,284 |  |  | 72,753 |
Other (income) expense, net | 4,577 |  |  | (18,597) |
Total Costs, Expenses, & Other Expense | 1,487,989 |  |  | 1,240,660 |
Earnings (Loss) Before Income Taxes | 9,890 |  |  | (31,851) |
Income Tax Expense (Benefit) | 8,125 |  |  | (16,121) |
Net Earnings (Loss) | 1,765 |  |  | (15,730) |
Net Loss Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests | (13,946) |  |  | (2,543) |
Net Earnings (Loss) Attributable to Coherent Corp. | 15,711 |  |  | (13,187) |
Less: Dividends on Preferred Stock | 32,693 |  |  | 31,193 |
Net Loss Available to the Common Shareholders | $ | (16,982) |  |  | $ | (44,380) |
Basic Loss Per Share | $ | (0.11) |  |  | $ | (0.29) |
Diluted Loss Per Share | $ | (0.11) |  |  | $ | (0.29) |

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
4

Table of Contents
Coherent Corp. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings (Loss) (Unaudited)
($000, except per share data)

| Nine Months Ended March 31,
| 2025 |  | 2024
Revenues | $ | 4,280,679 |  |  | $ | 3,393,326 |
Costs, Expenses, and Other Expense (Income) |  |  |
Cost of goods sold | 2,783,506 |  |  | 2,369,303 |
Research and development | 426,185 |  |  | 352,136 |
Selling, general and administrative | 681,019 |  |  | 626,027 |
Restructuring charges | 106,154 |  |  | 12,978 |
Interest expense | 188,206 |  |  | 220,689 |
Other income, net | (61,988) |  |  | (30,252) |
Total Costs, Expenses, & Other Expense | 4,123,082 |  |  | 3,550,881 |
Earnings (Loss) Before Income Taxes | 157,597 |  |  | (157,555) |
Income Tax Expense (Benefit) | 29,429 |  |  | (45,816) |
Net Earnings (Loss) | 128,168 |  |  | (111,739) |
Net Loss Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests | (16,815) |  |  | (4,027) |
Net Earnings (Loss) Attributable to Coherent Corp. | 144,983 |  |  | (107,712) |
Less: Dividends on Preferred Stock | 96,788 |  |  | 91,946 |
Net Earnings (Loss) Available to the Common Shareholders | $ | 48,195 |  |  | $ | (199,658) |
Basic Earnings (Loss) Per Share | $ | 0.31 |  |  | $ | (1.32) |
Diluted Earnings (Loss) Per Share | $ | 0.30 |  |  | $ | (1.32) |

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Table of Contents
Coherent Corp. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Unaudited)
($000)

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Nine Months Ended March 31,
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
Net Earnings (Loss) | $ | 1,765 |  |  | $ | (15,730) |  |  | $ | 128,168 |  |  | $ | (111,739) |
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustments | 155,553 |  |  | (146,770) |  |  | 13,563 |  |  | (27,885) |
Change in fair value of interest rate instruments, net of taxes of $(2,047) and $(4,245) for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2025, respectively; and $1,911 and $(4,705) for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2024, respectively | (7,476) |  |  | 6,978 |  |  | (27,657) |  |  | (17,413) |
Pension adjustment, net of taxes of $0 for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024 | 795 |  |  | 476 |  |  | 211 |  |  | 824 |
Comprehensive Income (Loss) | 150,637 |  |  | (155,046) |  |  | 114,285 |  |  | (156,213) |
Comprehensive Loss Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests | (13,946) |  |  | (2,543) |  |  | (16,815) |  |  | (4,027) |
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments Attributable to Noncontrolling Interests | 429 |  |  | (294) |  |  | 30 |  |  | 771 |
Comprehensive Income (Loss) Attributable to Coherent Corp. | $ | 164,154 |  |  | $ | (152,209) |  |  | $ | 131,070 |  |  | $ | (152,957) |

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Table of Contents
Coherent Corp. and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited)
($000)

| Nine Months Ended March 31,
| 2025 |  | 2024
Cash Flows from Operating Activities |  |  |
Net earnings (loss) | $ | 128,168 |  |  | $ | (111,739) |
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation | 188,034 |  |  | 199,693 |
Amortization | 230,741 |  |  | 216,420 |
Share-based compensation expense | 116,649 |  |  | 97,752 |
Amortization of debt issuance costs | 15,661 |  |  | 13,256 |
Non-cash restructuring charges | 43,002 |  |  | 4,858 |
Loss on disposal of property, plant and equipment | 112 |  |  | 262 |
Unrealized losses (gains) on foreign currency remeasurements and transactions | 6,841 |  |  | (3,852) |
Loss (earnings) from equity investments | (626) |  |  | 523 |
Deferred income taxes | (88,101) |  |  | (140,727) |
Increase (decrease) in cash from changes in (net of effect of acquisitions): |  |  |
Accounts receivable | (166,115) |  |  | (52,388) |
Inventories | (97,301) |  |  | (21,256) |
Accounts payable | 128,263 |  |  | 161,366 |
Contract liabilities | 4,619 |  |  | (39,103) |
Income taxes | (2,174) |  |  | 36,960 |
Accrued compensation and benefits | 29,874 |  |  | 1,835 |
Other operating net assets (liabilities) | (34,331) |  |  | 19,544 |
Net cash provided by operating activities | 503,316 |  |  | 383,404 |
Cash Flows from Investing Activities |  |  |
Additions to property, plant & equipment | (309,486) |  |  | (246,909) |
Proceeds from the sale of business | 27,000 |  |  | — |
Other investing activities | (1,038) |  |  | (2,114) |
Net cash used in investing activities | (283,524) |  |  | (249,023) |
Cash Flows from Financing Activities |  |  |
Sale of shares to noncontrolling interests | — |  |  | 1,000,000 |
Proceeds from borrowings of revolving credit facilities | 35,862 |  |  | 18,966 |
Payments on existing debt | (386,006) |  |  | (165,094) |
Payments on borrowings under revolving credit facilities | (34,148) |  |  | (18,642) |
Equity issuance costs | — |  |  | (31,840) |
Proceeds from exercises of stock options and purchases of stock under employee stock purchase plan | 47,462 |  |  | 36,097 |
Payments in satisfaction of employees' minimum tax obligations | (48,939) |  |  | (18,823) |
Other financing activities | (719) |  |  | (755) |
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities | (386,488) |  |  | 819,909 |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | 3,040 |  |  | 603 |
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash | (163,656) |  |  | 954,893 |
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash at Beginning of Period | 1,789,686 |  |  | 837,566 |
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash at End of Period | $ | 1,626,030 |  |  | $ | 1,792,459 |
Supplemental Information |  |  |
Cash paid for interest | $ | 187,799 |  |  | $ | 224,656 |
Cash paid for income taxes | $ | 107,784 |  |  | $ | 53,803 |
Additions to property, plant & equipment included in accounts payable | $ | 77,751 |  |  | $ | 66,040 |
Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activities |  |  |
Conversion of Series A preferred stock to common stock | $ | — |  |  | $ | 445,319 |

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Table of Contents
The following table provides a reconciliation of cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash reported within the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets that sum to the total of the same amounts shown in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.

| March 31,
| 2025 |  | 2024
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 890,258 |  |  | $ | 898,578 |
Restricted cash, current | 19,064 |  |  | 183,611 |
Restricted cash, non-current | 716,708 |  |  | 710,270 |
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash shown in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | $ | 1,626,030 |  |  | $ | 1,792,459 |

8

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Coherent Corp and Subsidiaries
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Equity and Mezzanine Equity (Unaudited)
($000, including share amounts)

|  | Common Stock |  | Preferred Stock |  | AOCI |  | Retained Earnings |  | Treasury Stock |  | NCI |  | Total |  | Mezzanine Equity
|  | Shares |  | Amount |  | Shares |  | Amount |  |  |  | Shares |  | Amount |  |  |  | Pref Shares |  | Amount
Balance - June 30, 2024 |  | 168,408 |  |  | $ | 4,857,657 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,640 |  |  | $ | 664,940 |  |  | (15,629) |  |  | $ | (315,122) |  |  | $ | 371,392 |  |  | $ | 5,581,507 |  |  | 215 |  |  | $ | 2,364,772 |
Share-based and deferred compensation |  | 2,136 |  |  | 56,015 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | (399) |  |  | (29,923) |  |  | — |  |  | 26,095 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net earnings (loss) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 25,887 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,026) |  |  | 24,861 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Foreign currency translation adjustments |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 289,723 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 551 |  |  | 290,274 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Change in fair value of interest rate instruments, net of taxes of $(4,397) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (18,755) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (18,755) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Pension adjustment, net of taxes of $0 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (155) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (155) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Dividends |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (31,833) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (31,833) |  |  | — |  |  | 31,833 |
Balance - September 30, 2024 |  | 170,544 |  |  | $ | 4,913,672 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 273,453 |  |  | $ | 658,997 |  |  | (16,028) |  |  | $ | (345,045) |  |  | $ | 370,917 |  |  | $ | 5,871,994 |  |  | 215 |  |  | $ | 2,396,605 |
Share-based and deferred compensation |  | 571 |  |  | 43,407 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3) |  |  | (143) |  |  | (14,212) |  |  | — |  |  | 29,192 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net earnings (loss) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 103,385 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,843) |  |  | 101,542 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Foreign currency translation adjustments |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (431,314) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (950) |  |  | (432,264) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Change in fair value of interest rate instruments, net of taxes of $2,199 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,426) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,426) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Pension adjustment, net of taxes of $0 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (429) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (429) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Dividends |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (32,262) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (32,262) |  |  | — |  |  | 32,262 |
Balance - December 31, 2024 |  | 171,115 |  |  | $ | 4,957,079 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (159,716) |  |  | $ | 730,117 |  |  | (16,171) |  |  | $ | (359,257) |  |  | $ | 368,124 |  |  | $ | 5,536,347 |  |  | 215 |  |  | $ | 2,428,867 |
Share-based and deferred compensation |  | 452 |  |  | 56,691 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (51) |  |  | (3,753) |  |  | — |  |  | 52,938 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net earnings (loss) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 15,711 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (13,946) |  |  | 1,765 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Foreign currency translation adjustments |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 155,124 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 429 |  |  | 155,553 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Change in fair value of interest rate Instruments, net of taxes of $(2,047) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (7,476) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (7,476) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Pension adjustment, net of taxes of $0 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 795 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 795 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Dividends |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (32,693) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (32,693) |  |  | — |  |  | 32,693 |
Balance - March 31, 2025 |  | 171,567 |  |  | $ | 5,013,770 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (11,273) |  |  | $ | 713,135 |  |  | (16,222) |  |  | $ | (363,010) |  |  | $ | 354,607 |  |  | $ | 5,707,229 |  |  | 215 |  |  | $ | 2,461,560 |

9

Table of Contents

|  | Common Stock |  | Preferred Stock |  | AOCI |  | Retained Earnings |  | Treasury Stock |  |  |  | Total |  | Mezzanine Equity
|  | Shares |  | Amount |  | Shares |  | Amount |  |  |  | Shares |  | Amount |  | NCI |  |  | Pref Shares |  | Amount
Balance - June 30, 2023 |  | 154,721 |  |  | $ | 3,781,211 |  |  | 2,300 |  |  | $ | 445,319 |  |  | $ | 109,726 |  |  | $ | 944,416 |  |  | (15,137) |  |  | $ | (293,121) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,987,551 |  |  | 215 |  |  | $ | 2,241,415 |
Share-based and deferred compensation |  | 1,804 |  |  | 60,748 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (366) |  |  | (13,932) |  |  | — |  |  | 46,816 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Conversion of Series A preferred stock |  | 10,240 |  |  | 445,319 |  |  | (2,300) |  |  | (445,319) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net loss |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (67,534) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (67,534) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Foreign currency translation adjustments |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (107,903) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (107,903) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Change in fair value of interest rate instruments, net of taxes of $868 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,938 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,938 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Pension adjustment, net of taxes of $0 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 291 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 291 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Dividends |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (30,173) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (30,173) |  |  | — |  |  | 30,173 |
Balance - September 30, 2023 |  | 166,765 |  |  | $ | 4,287,278 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,052 |  |  | $ | 846,709 |  |  | (15,503) |  |  | $ | (307,053) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,831,986 |  |  | 215 |  |  | $ | 2,271,588 |
Share-based and deferred compensation |  | 544 |  |  | 25,184 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (47) |  |  | (3,633) |  |  | — |  |  | 21,551 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net loss |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (26,991) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,484) |  |  | (28,475) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Foreign currency translation adjustments |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 225,723 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,065 |  |  | 226,788 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Change in fair value of interest rate instruments, net of taxes of $(7,484) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (27,329) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (27,329) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Pension adjustment, net of taxes $0 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 57 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 57 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Dividends |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (30,580) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (30,580) |  |  | — |  |  | 30,580 |
Sale of shares to noncontrolling interests, net of issuance costs and taxes |  | — |  |  | 473,614 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,871 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 373,573 |  |  | 850,058 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Balance - December 31, 2023 |  | 167,309 |  |  | $ | 4,786,076 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 206,374 |  |  | $ | 789,138 |  |  | (15,550) |  |  | $ | (310,686) |  |  | $ | 373,154 |  |  | $ | 5,844,056 |  |  | 215 |  |  | $ | 2,302,168 |
Share-based and deferred compensation |  | 683 |  |  | 49,185 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (23) |  |  | (1,267) |  |  | — |  |  | 47,918 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net earnings |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (13,187) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,543) |  |  | (15,730) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Foreign currency translation adjustments |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (146,476) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (294) |  |  | (146,770) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Change in fair value of interest rate instruments, net of taxes of $1,911 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,978 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,978 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Pension adjustment, net of taxes $0 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 476 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 476 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Dividends |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (31,159) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (31,159) |  |  | — |  |  | 31,193 |
Balance - March 31, 2024 |  | 167,992 |  |  | $ | 4,835,261 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 67,352 |  |  | $ | 744,792 |  |  | $ | (15,573) |  |  | $ | (311,953) |  |  | $ | 370,317 |  |  | $ | 5,705,769 |  |  | 215 |  |  | $ | 2,333,361 |

See Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Coherent Corp. and Subsidiaries
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)
Note 1. Basis of Presentation
The condensed consolidated financial statements of Coherent Corp. (“Coherent”, the “Company”, “we”, “us” or “our”) for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 are unaudited. In the opinion of management, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation for the periods presented have been included. All adjustments are of a normal recurring nature unless disclosed otherwise. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“U.S. GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted. These condensed consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2024 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on August 16, 2024. The condensed consolidated results of operations for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full fiscal year. The Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet information as of June 30, 2024 was derived from the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements.
Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified for consistency with the current year presentation.
Note 2. Recently Issued Financial Accounting Standards
In November 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2023-07 - Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures. This ASU improves reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses. This ASU is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact this will have on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and disclosures.
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures” (“ASU 2023-09”). ASU 2023-09 includes amendments that further enhance income tax disclosures, primarily through standardization and disaggregation of rate reconciliation categories and income taxes paid by jurisdiction. ASU 2023-09 is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, on either a prospective or retrospective basis. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of ASU 2023-09 on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
In March 2024, the SEC issued the final rule under SEC Release No. 33-11275 and 34-99678, “The Enhancement and Standardization of Climate-Related Disclosures for Investors,” requiring public companies to provide certain climate-related information in their registration statements and annual reports. The final rules will require information about a company’s climate-related risks that have materially impacted or are reasonably likely to have a material impact on its business strategy, results of operations, or financial condition, and the actual and potential material impacts of any identified climate-related risks on the company’s strategy, business model and outlook, as well as relating to assessment, management, oversight and mitigation of such material risks, material climate-related targets and goals, and material greenhouse gas emissions. Additionally, certain disclosures related to severe weather events and other natural conditions will be required in the audited financial statements. The first phase of the final rule is effective for fiscal years beginning in 2025. Disclosure for prior periods is only required if it was previously disclosed in an SEC filing. On April 4, 2024, the SEC voluntarily stayed implementation of the final rule to facilitate the orderly judicial resolution of pending legal challenges to the rule, and in February 2025, the SEC requested that the litigation be paused so that it can determine the appropriate next steps. We are currently evaluating the impact on our disclosures if this new pronouncement is adopted.
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, “Income Statement-Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40), Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses.” This ASU requires disclosure about specific types of expenses included in expense captions including purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation, amortization, and depletion. This ASU is effective for our annual disclosures starting in fiscal year 2028 and interim periods starting in fiscal year 2029. Early adoption is permitted. A public entity should apply the amendments in this ASU on a prospective basis with the option to apply the standard retrospectively. The Company is currently evaluating this ASU to determine its impact on the Company’s disclosures.
Note 3. Revenue from Contracts with Customers
We believe that disaggregating revenue by end market provides the most relevant information regarding the nature, amount, timing, and uncertainty of revenues and cash flows.
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The following tables summarize disaggregated revenue by end market ($000):

| Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 |  | Nine Months Ended March 31, 2025
| Networking |  | Materials |  | Lasers |  | Total |  | Networking |  | Materials |  | Lasers |  | Total
Industrial | $ | 15,290 |  |  | $ | 135,640 |  |  | $ | 288,616 |  |  | $ | 439,546 |  |  | $ | 43,521 |  |  | $ | 381,667 |  |  | $ | 858,743 |  |  | $ | 1,283,931 |
Communications | 872,807 |  |  | 24,182 |  |  | — |  |  | 896,989 |  |  | 2,404,825 |  |  | 89,554 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,494,379 |
Electronics | 1,948 |  |  | 63,790 |  |  | (18) |  |  | 65,720 |  |  | 5,912 |  |  | 214,271 |  |  | — |  |  | 220,183 |
Instrumentation | 7,272 |  |  | 13,060 |  |  | 75,292 |  |  | 95,624 |  |  | 21,844 |  |  | 32,082 |  |  | 228,260 |  |  | 282,186 |
Total Revenues | $ | 897,317 |  |  | $ | 236,672 |  |  | $ | 363,890 |  |  | $ | 1,497,879 |  |  | $ | 2,476,102 |  |  | $ | 717,574 |  |  | $ | 1,087,003 |  |  | $ | 4,280,679 |

| Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 |  | Nine Months Ended March 31, 2024
| Networking |  | Materials |  | Lasers |  | Total |  | Networking |  | Materials |  | Lasers |  | Total
Industrial | $ | 16,361 |  |  | $ | 134,516 |  |  | $ | 270,301 |  |  | $ | 421,178 |  |  | $ | 47,072 |  |  | $ | 404,847 |  |  | $ | 796,961 |  |  | $ | 1,248,880 |
Communications | 593,223 |  |  | 22,568 |  |  | — |  |  | 615,791 |  |  | 1,538,847 |  |  | 56,804 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,595,651 |
Electronics | 1,643 |  |  | 71,970 |  |  | — |  |  | 73,613 |  |  | 4,820 |  |  | 247,314 |  |  | — |  |  | 252,134 |
Instrumentation | 7,597 |  |  | 9,928 |  |  | 80,702 |  |  | 98,227 |  |  | 25,169 |  |  | 28,335 |  |  | 243,157 |  |  | 296,661 |
Total Revenues | $ | 618,824 |  |  | $ | 238,982 |  |  | $ | 351,003 |  |  | $ | 1,208,809 |  |  | $ | 1,615,908 |  |  | $ | 737,300 |  |  | $ | 1,040,118 |  |  | $ | 3,393,326 |

Contract Liabilities
Payments received from customers are based on invoices or billing schedules as established in contracts with customers. Contract liabilities generally relate to payments received in advance of performance under the contract. Contract liabilities are recognized as revenue when the performance obligations have been satisfied. During the nine months ended March 31, 2025, we recognized revenue of $52 million related to customer payments that were included as contract liabilities in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of June 30, 2024. We had $80 million of contract liabilities recorded in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of March 31, 2025. As of March 31, 2025, $69 million of contract liabilities is included within Other accrued liabilities, and $11 million is included within Other liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.
Note 4. Inventories
The components of inventories were as follows ($000):

| March 31, 2025 |  | June 30, 2024
Raw materials | $ | 420,583 |  |  | $ | 429,888 |
Work in progress | 745,885 |  |  | 620,575 |
Finished goods | 225,057 |  |  | 235,941 |
Total inventories | $ | 1,391,525 |  |  | $ | 1,286,404 |

Note 5. Property, Plant and Equipment
Property, plant and equipment consists of the following ($000):

| March 31, 2025 |  | June 30, 2024
Land and improvements | $ | 66,448 |  |  | $ | 66,156 |
Buildings and improvements | 802,429 |  |  | 774,991 |
Machinery and equipment | 2,188,137 |  |  | 2,034,310 |
Construction in progress | 522,821 |  |  | 398,884 |
Finance lease right-of-use asset | 25,000 |  |  | 25,000 |
| 3,604,835 |  |  | 3,299,341 |
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization | (1,668,399) |  |  | (1,482,082) |
Property, plant, and equipment, net | $ | 1,936,436 |  |  | $ | 1,817,259 |

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Note 6. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
Changes in the carrying amount of goodwill were as follows ($000):

| Nine Months Ended March 31, 2025
| Networking |  | Materials |  | Lasers |  | Total
Balance-beginning of period | $ | 1,036,592 |  |  | $ | 245,983 |  |  | $ | 3,181,754 |  |  | $ | 4,464,329 |
Foreign currency translation | 371 |  |  | 2,813 |  |  | (9,553) |  |  | (6,369) |
Balance-end of period | $ | 1,036,963 |  |  | $ | 248,796 |  |  | $ | 3,172,201 |  |  | $ | 4,457,960 |

We test goodwill for impairment annually during the fourth quarter of our fiscal year, or more frequently when events or changes in circumstances indicate that fair value is below carrying value.
The gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of our intangible assets other than goodwill were as follows ($000):

| March 31, 2025 |  | June 30, 2024
| Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Book Value |  | Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net Book Value
Technology | $ | 1,655,392 |  |  | $ | (505,233) |  |  | $ | 1,150,159 |  |  | $ | 1,653,289 |  |  | $ | (394,040) |  |  | $ | 1,259,249 |
Trade Names | 438,470 |  |  | (8,470) |  |  | 430,000 |  |  | 438,470 |  |  | (8,470) |  |  | 430,000 |
Customer Lists | 2,324,545 |  |  | (622,187) |  |  | 1,702,358 |  |  | 2,310,550 |  |  | (498,252) |  |  | 1,812,298 |
Backlog and Other | 86,616 |  |  | (86,616) |  |  | — |  |  | 88,792 |  |  | (87,092) |  |  | 1,700 |
Total | $ | 4,505,023 |  |  | $ | (1,222,506) |  |  | $ | 3,282,517 |  |  | $ | 4,491,101 |  |  | $ | (987,854) |  |  | $ | 3,503,247 |

Amortization expense in the quarter ended March 31, 2025 includes a total of $17 million of impairment charges in the Materials segment related to the abandonment of certain purchased technology and licenses, with $14 million recorded in cost of goods sold and $3 million recorded in R&D in our Consolidated Statements of Earnings (Loss).
Note 7. Debt
The components of debt as of the dates indicated were as follows ($000):

| March 31, 2025 |  | June 30, 2024
Term A Facility, interest at adjusted SOFR, as defined, plus 1.850% | $ | 624,375 |  |  | $ | 775,625 |
Debt issuance costs, Term A Facility and Revolving Credit Facility | (9,115) |  |  | (13,586) |
Term B Facility, interest at adjusted SOFR, as defined, plus 2.00% | 2,152,358 |  |  | 2,384,536 |
Debt issuance costs, Term B Facility | (39,370) |  |  | (49,835) |
1.30% Term loan | — |  |  | 335 |
Borrowings on local lines of credit | 1,699 |  |  | — |
Facility construction loan in Germany | 17,063 |  |  | 19,082 |
5.000% Senior Notes | 990,000 |  |  | 990,000 |
Debt issuance costs and discount, Senior Notes | (5,213) |  |  | (5,939) |
Total debt | 3,731,797 |  |  | 4,100,218 |
Current portion of long-term debt | (4,667) |  |  | (73,770) |
Long-term debt, less current portion | $ | 3,727,130 |  |  | $ | 4,026,448 |

Senior Credit Facilities
On July 1, 2022 (the “Closing Date”), Coherent entered into a credit agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) by and among the Company, as borrower (in such capacity, the “Borrower”), the lenders, and other parties thereto, and JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent and collateral agent, which provides for senior secured financing of $4.0 billion, consisting of a term loan A credit facility (the “Term A Facility”) maturing July 1, 2027, with an aggregate principal amount of $850 million, a term loan B credit facility (the “Term B Facility,” and together with the Term A Facility, the “Term Facilities”) maturing July 1, 2029, with an aggregate principal amount of $2,800 million, and a revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility,” and together with the Term Facilities, the “Senior Credit Facilities”) maturing July 1, 2027, in an aggregate available amount of
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$350 million, including a letter of credit sub-facility of up to $50 million. On March 31, 2023, Coherent entered into Amendment No. 1 to the Credit Agreement, which replaced the adjusted LIBOR-based rate of interest therein with an adjusted SOFR-based rate of interest. As amended, the Term A Facility and the Revolving Credit Facility each bear interest at an adjusted SOFR rate subject to a 0.10% floor plus a range of 1.75% to 2.50%, based on the Company’s total net leverage ratio. The Term A Facility and the Revolving Credit Facility borrowings bear interest at adjusted SOFR plus 1.85% as of March 31, 2025. On April 2, 2024, Coherent entered into Amendment No. 2 to the Credit Agreement, under which the principal amount of term B loans outstanding under the Credit Agreement (the “Existing Term B Loans”) were replaced with an equal amount of new term loans (the “New Term B Loans”) having substantially similar terms as the Existing Term B Loans, except with respect to the interest rate applicable to the New Term B Loans and certain other provisions. Debt extinguishment costs related to the replacement of the Existing Term B Loans of $2 million were expensed in Other income, net in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Earnings (Loss) during the quarter ended June 30, 2024. On January 2, 2025, Coherent entered into Amendment No. 3 to the Credit Agreement, under which the principal amount of New Term B Loans outstanding under the Credit Agreement were replaced with an equal amount of new term loans (the “New Term B-2 Loans”) having substantially similar terms as the New Term B Loans, except with respect to the interest rate applicable to the New Term B-2 Loans and certain other provisions. As further amended, the New Term B-2 Loans bear interest at a SOFR rate (subject to a 0.50% floor) plus 2.00% as of March 31, 2025. The maturity of the New Term B-2 Loans and Revolving Credit Facility remains unchanged.
In relation to the Term Facilities, the Company incurred interest expense, including amortization of debt issuance costs and the benefit of the interest rate cap and swap, of $44 million and $150 million in the three and nine months ended March 31, 2025, respectively, and $59 million and $181 million in the three and nine months ended March 31, 2024, respectively, which is included in Interest expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings (Loss). On July 1, 2023, our interest rate cap became effective, which together with our interest rate swap (through September 30, 2024), reduced interest expense by $6 million and $27 million during the three and nine months ended March 31, 2025, respectively, and $11 million and $34 million in the three and nine months ended March 31, 2024, respectively. The amortization of debt issuance costs included in interest expense was $5 million and $14 million in the three and nine months ended March 31, 2025, respectively, and $4 million and $11 million in the three and nine months ended March 31, 2024, respectively. Debt issuance costs are presented as a reduction to debt within the long-term debt caption in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
On the Closing Date, the Borrower and certain of its direct and indirect subsidiaries provided a guaranty of all obligations of the Borrower and the other loan parties under the Credit Agreement and the other loan documents, secured cash management agreements and secured hedge agreements with the lenders and/or their affiliates (subject to certain exceptions). The Borrower and the other guarantors have also granted a security interest in substantially all of their assets to secure such obligations.
As of March 31, 2025, the Company was in compliance with all covenants under the Senior Credit Facilities.
The Company had aggregate availability of $315 million under its Revolving Credit Facility as of March 31, 2025.
Debt Assumed through Acquisition
We assumed the remaining balances of three term loans with the closing of the acquisition of Coherent, Inc. The aggregate principal amount outstanding is $17 million as of March 31, 2025. The term loans assumed consisted of the following: (i) 1.3% Term Loan (repaid prior to March 31, 2025), (ii) 1.0% State of Connecticut Term Loan due 2023 (repaid in fiscal 2023), and (iii) Facility Construction Loan in Germany. For the Facility Construction Loan, on December 21, 2020, Coherent LaserSystems GmbH & Co. KG entered into a loan agreement with Commerzbank for borrowings of up to 24 million Euros (the “Facility Construction Loan”), which were drawn down by October 29, 2021, to finance a portion of the construction of a new facility in Germany. The term of the loan is 10 years, and borrowings bear interest at 1.55% per annum. Payments are made quarterly.
5.000% Senior Notes due 2029
On December 10, 2021, the Company issued $990 million aggregate principal amount of Senior Notes pursuant to the indenture, dated as of December 10, 2021 (the “Indenture”), between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee. The Senior Notes are guaranteed by each of the Company’s domestic subsidiaries that guarantee its obligations under the Senior Credit Facilities. Interest on the Senior Notes is payable on December 15 and June 15 of each year, commencing on June 15, 2022, at a rate of 5.000% per annum. The Senior Notes will mature on December 15, 2029.
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On or after December 15, 2024, the Company may redeem the Senior Notes, in whole at any time or in part from time to time, at the redemption prices set forth in the Indenture, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the applicable redemption date. In addition, at any time prior to December 15, 2024, the Company had the ability to (but did not) redeem the Senior Notes, at its option, in whole at any time or in part from time to time, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Senior Notes redeemed, plus a “make-whole” premium set forth in the Indenture, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the applicable redemption date. Notwithstanding the foregoing, at any time and from time to time prior to December 15, 2024, the Company had the ability to (but did not) redeem up to 40% of the aggregate principal amount of the Senior Notes using the proceeds of certain equity offerings as set forth in the Indenture, at a redemption price equal to 105.000% of the principal amount thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, to, but excluding, the applicable redemption date.
In relation to the Senior Notes, the Company incurred interest expense of $13 million and $38 million in the three and nine months ended March 31, 2025, respectively, and $13 million and $38 million in the three and nine months ended March 31, 2024, respectively, which is included in Interest expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings (Loss).
The Indenture contains customary covenants and events of default, including default relating to, among other things, payment default, failure to comply with covenants or agreements contained in the Indenture or the Senior Notes and certain provisions related to bankruptcy events. As of March 31, 2025, the Company was in compliance with all covenants under the Indenture.
Note 8. Income Taxes
The Company’s fiscal year-to-date effective income tax rate was 19% at March 31, 2025 compared to 29% for the same period ending March 31, 2024. The difference between the Company’s effective tax rate and the U.S. statutory rate of 21% is primarily due to a discrete benefit relating to share-based compensation and tax rate differentials between U.S. and foreign jurisdictions.
U.S. GAAP prescribes the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise’s financial statements which includes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. As of March 31, 2025 and June 30, 2024, the Company’s gross unrecognized tax benefit, excluding interest and penalties, was $121 million and $117 million, respectively. The Company has classified the uncertain tax positions as non-current income tax liabilities, as the amounts are not expected to be paid within one year. Due to the U.S. valuation allowance, a large portion of the gross unrecognized tax benefit will not impact the tax rate if recognized. As of March 31, 2025, $20 million of the gross unrecognized tax benefit would impact the effective tax rate if recognized. The Company recognizes interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions in the income tax provision in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings (Loss). The amount of accrued interest and penalties included in the gross unrecognized income tax benefit was $10 million and $7 million at March 31, 2025 and June 30, 2024, respectively.
Fiscal years 2018 and 2021 to 2024 remain open to examination by the Internal Revenue Service, fiscal years 2020 to 2024 remain open to examination by certain state jurisdictions, and fiscal years 2012 to 2024 remain open to examination by certain foreign taxing jurisdictions. The Company is currently under examination for certain subsidiary companies in Vietnam for the years ended June 30, 2017 through September 30, 2021; Malaysia for the years ended June 30, 2021 through June 30, 2023; and Germany for the years ended June 30, 2012 through June 30, 2021. The Company believes its income tax reserves for these tax matters are adequate.
Note 9. Leases
We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception for arrangements with an initial term of more than 12 months, and classify it as either finance or operating.
Finance leases are generally those that allow us to substantially utilize or pay for the entire asset over its estimated useful life. Finance lease assets are recorded in Property, plant and equipment, net, and finance lease liabilities within Other accrued liabilities and Other liabilities on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Finance lease assets are amortized in operating expenses on a straight-line basis over the shorter of the estimated useful lives of the assets or the lease term, with the interest component for lease liabilities included in interest expense and recognized using the effective interest method over the lease term.
Operating leases are leases that do not qualify as finance leases and are recorded in Other assets and Operating lease liabilities, current and non-current on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Operating lease assets are amortized on a straight-line basis in operating expenses over the lease term.
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Our lease liabilities are recognized based on the present value of the remaining fixed lease payments, over the lease term, using a discount rate of similarly secured borrowings available to the Company. For the purpose of lease liability measurement, we consider only payments that are fixed and determinable at the time of commencement. Any variable payments that depend on an index or rate are expensed as incurred. We account for non-lease components, such as common area maintenance, as a component of the lease, and include it in the initial measurement of our leased assets and corresponding liabilities. Our lease terms and conditions may include options to extend or terminate. An option is recognized when it is reasonably certain that we will exercise that option.
Our lease assets also include any lease payments made, and exclude any lease incentives received prior to commencement. Our lease assets are tested for impairment in the same manner as long-lived assets used in operations.
The following table presents lease costs, which include leases for arrangements with an initial term of more than 12 months, lease term, and discount rates ($000):

| Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 |  | Nine Months Ended March 31, 2025 |  |
Finance lease cost |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of right-of-use assets | $ | 417 |  |  | $ | 1,250 |  |  |
Interest on lease liabilities | 234 |  |  | 720 |  |  |
Total finance lease cost | 651 |  |  | 1,970 |  |  |
Operating lease cost | 14,140 |  |  | 42,507 |  |  |
Total lease cost | $ | 14,791 |  |  | $ | 44,477 |  |  |
Cash Paid for Amounts Included in the Measurement of Lease Liabilities |  |  |  |  |
Operating cash flows from finance leases | $ | 234 |  |  | $ | 720 |  |  |
Operating cash flows from operating leases | 13,565 |  |  | 41,194 |  |  |
Financing cash flows from finance leases | 449 |  |  | 1,294 |  |  |
Weighted-Average Remaining Lease Term (in Years) |  |  |  |  |
Finance leases | 6.8 |  |  |  |
Operating leases | 6.5 |  |  |  |
Weighted-Average Discount Rate |  |  |  |  |
Finance leases | 5.6 | % |  |  |  |
Operating leases | 7.0 | % |  |  |  |

| Three Months Ended March 31, 2024 |  | Nine Months Ended March 31, 2024
Finance Lease Cost |  |  |
Amortization of right-of-use assets | $ | 417 |  |  | $ | 1,250 |
Interest on lease liabilities | — |  |  | — |
Total finance lease cost | $ | 417 |  |  | $ | 1,250 |
Operating lease cost | 12,830 |  |  | 38,539 |
Total lease cost | $ | 13,247 |  |  | $ | 39,789 |
Cash Paid for Amounts Included in the Measurement of Lease Liabilities |  |  |
Operating cash flows from finance leases | $ | 257 |  |  | $ | 789 |
Operating cash flows from operating leases | 12,293 |  |  | 36,834 |
Financing cash flows from finance leases | 408 |  |  | 1,171 |

Note 10. Equity and Redeemable Preferred Stock
As of March 31, 2025, the Company’s amended and restated articles of incorporation authorize our board of directors, without the approval of our shareholders, to issue 5 million shares of our preferred stock. As of March 31, 2025, 2.3 million shares of mandatory preferred convertible shares have been authorized, none are outstanding; 75,000 shares of Series B-1 convertible
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preferred stock, no par value, have been issued and are outstanding; and 140,000 shares of Series B-2 convertible preferred stock, no par value, have been issued and are outstanding.
Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock
In July 2020, the Company issued 2.3 million shares of Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock.
All outstanding shares of Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock were converted to 10,240,290 shares of Company Common Stock on July 3, 2023, at a conversion ratio of 4.4523 shares of Company Common Stock per share of Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock, and no shares of Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock are currently issued and outstanding.
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock
In March 2021, the Company issued 75,000 shares of Series B-1 Convertible Preferred Stock, no par value per share (“Series B-1 Preferred Stock”), for $10,000 per share, resulting in an aggregate purchase price of $750 million. On July 1, 2022, the Company issued 140,000 shares of Series B-2 Convertible Preferred Stock, no par value per share (“Series B-2 Preferred Stock” and, together with the Series B-1 Preferred Stock, the “Series B Preferred Stock”), for $10,000 per share and an aggregate purchase price of $1.4 billion.
The shares of Series B Preferred Stock are convertible into shares of Coherent Common Stock as follows:
•at the election of the holder, at an initial conversion price of $85 per share (as it may be adjusted from time to time, the “Conversion Price”) upon the delivery by Coherent to the holders of the Series B Preferred Stock of an offer to repurchase the Series B-1 Preferred Stock upon the occurrence of a Fundamental Change (as defined in the Statement with Respect to Shares establishing the Series B Preferred Stock as defined below); and
•at the election of the Company, any time following March 31, 2024 and July 1, 2025 for the Series B-1 and B-2 Preferred Stock, respectively, at the then-applicable Conversion Price if the volume-weighted average price of Coherent Common Stock exceeds 150% of the then-applicable Conversion Price for 20 trading days out of any 30 consecutive trading days.
The issued shares of Series B Preferred Stock currently have voting rights, voting as one class with the Coherent Common Stock, on an as-converted basis, subject to limited exceptions.
On or at any time after March 31, 2031 and July 1, 2032 for the Series B-1 and B-2 Preferred Stock, respectively:
•each holder has the right to require the Company to redeem all of their Coherent Series B Preferred Stock, for cash, at a redemption price per share equal to the sum of the Stated Value (as defined in the Statement with Respect to Shares establishing the Series B Preferred Stock) for such shares plus an amount equal to all accrued or declared and unpaid dividends on such shares that had not previously been added to the Stated Value (such price the “Redemption Price,” and such right the “Put Right”); and
•the Company has the right to redeem, in whole or in part, on a pro rata basis from all holders based on the aggregate number of shares of Series B Preferred Stock outstanding, for cash, at the Redemption Price.
In connection with any Fundamental Change (as defined in the Statement with Respect to Shares establishing the Series B Preferred Stock), and subject to the procedures set forth in the Statement with Respect to Shares establishing the Series B Preferred Stock, the Company must, or will cause the survivor of a Fundamental Change to, make an offer to repurchase, at the option and election of the holder thereof, each share of Series B Preferred Stock then-outstanding at a purchase price per share in cash equal to (i) the Stated Value for such shares plus an amount equal to all accrued or declared and unpaid dividends on such shares that had not previously been added to the Stated Value as of the date of repurchase plus (ii) if prior to March 31, 2026 and July 1, 2027, for the Series B-1 and B-2 Preferred Stock, respectively, the aggregate amount of all dividends that would have been paid (subject to certain exceptions), from the date of repurchase through March 31, 2026 and July 1, 2027, for the Series B-1 and B-2 Preferred Stock, respectively.
If the Company defaults on a payment obligation with respect to the Series B Preferred Stock and such default is not cured within 30 days, the dividend rate will increase to 8% per annum and will be increased by an additional 2% per annum each quarter the Company remains in default, not to exceed 14% per annum.
The Series B Preferred Stock is redeemable for cash outside of the control of the Company upon the exercise of the Put Right, and upon a Fundamental Change, and is therefore classified as mezzanine equity.
The Series B Preferred Stock is initially measured at fair value less issuance costs, accreted to its redemption value over a 10-year period (using the effective interest method) with such accretion accounted for as deemed dividends and reductions to Net Earnings (Loss) Available to Common Shareholders.
Preferred stock dividends are presented as a reduction to Retained earnings on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
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The following table presents dividends per share and dividends recognized:

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Nine Months Ended March 31,
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
Dividends per share | $ | 152 |  |  | $ | 145 |  |  | $ | 450 |  |  | $ | 428 |
Dividends ($000) | 31,112 |  |  | 29,810 |  |  | 92,187 |  |  | 87,919 |
Deemed dividends ($000) | 1,581 |  |  | 1,383 |  |  | 4,601 |  |  | 4,027 |

Note 11. Noncontrolling Interests
On December 4, 2023, Silicon Carbide LLC (“Silicon Carbide”), one of the Company’s subsidiaries, completed (i) the sale of 16,666,667 Class A Common Units to Denso Corporation (“Denso”) for $500,000,000 pursuant to an Investment Agreement, dated as of October 10, 2023, by and between Silicon Carbide and Denso and (ii) the sale of 16,666,667 Class A Common Units to Mitsubishi Electric Corporation (“MELCO”) for $500,000,000 pursuant to an Investment Agreement, dated as of October 10, 2023, by and between Silicon Carbide and MELCO (collectively, the “Equity Investments”).
As a consequence of the Equity Investments, the Company’s ownership interest in the Class A Common units of Silicon Carbide LLC was reduced to approximately 75%. Denso and MELCO each own approximately 12.5% of the Class A Common Units of Silicon Carbide.
The Equity Investments in Silicon Carbide enables Coherent to increase its available free cash flow to provide greater financial and operational flexibility to execute its capital allocation priorities, as the aggregate $1 billion investment, net of transaction costs, will be used to fund future capital expansion of Silicon Carbide.
The following table presents the activity in noncontrolling interests in Silicon Carbide ($000s):

| Nine Months Ended March 31,
| 2025 |  | 2024
Balance-beginning of period | $ | 371,392 |  |  | $ | — |
Sale of shares to noncontrolling interests | — |  |  | 373,573 |
Share of foreign currency translation adjustments | 30 |  |  | 771 |
Net loss | (16,815) |  |  | (4,027) |
Balance-end of period | $ | 354,607 |  |  | $ | 370,317 |

Note 12. Earnings (Loss) Per Share
Basic earnings (loss) per common share is computed by dividing net earnings (loss) available to the common shareholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period.
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share is computed by dividing the diluted earnings (loss) available to the common shareholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock and potentially dilutive shares of common stock outstanding during the period. The dilutive effect of equity awards is calculated based on the average stock price for each fiscal period, using the treasury stock method. For the three months ended March 31, 2025, as the Company was in a net loss position, there were no dilutive shares. For the nine months ended March 31, 2025, diluted shares outstanding include the dilutive effect of the potential shares of Coherent Common Stock issuable from performance and restricted shares. For the three and nine months ended March 31, 2024, as the Company was in a net loss position, there were no dilutive shares.
Potentially dilutive shares whose effect would have been anti-dilutive are excluded from the computation of diluted earnings (loss) per common share. For the three months ended March 31, 2025, diluted loss per share excluded the potentially dilutive effect of the performance and restricted shares, calculated based on the average stock price for each fiscal period, using the treasury stock method, as well as the shares of Coherent Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock (under the If-Converted method), as their effects were anti-dilutive. For the nine months ended March 31, 2025, diluted earnings per share excludes the potentially dilutive effect of the shares of Coherent Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock (under the If-Converted method), as their effects were anti-dilutive. For the three and nine months ended March 31, 2024, diluted loss per share excluded the potentially dilutive effect of the performance and restricted shares, calculated based on the average stock price for each fiscal period, using the treasury stock method, as well as the shares of Coherent Common Stock issuable upon conversion of the Series B Convertible Preferred Stock (under the If-Converted method), as their effects were anti-dilutive.
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The following is a reconciliation of the numerators and denominators of the basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share computations (000, except per share data):

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Nine Months Ended March 31,
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
Numerator |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net earnings (loss) attributable to Coherent Corp. | $ | 15,711 |  |  | $ | (13,187) |  |  | $ | 144,983 |  |  | $ | (107,712) |
Deduct Series B dividends and deemed dividends | (32,693) |  |  | (31,193) |  |  | (96,788) |  |  | (91,946) |
Basic earnings (loss) available to common shareholders | $ | (16,982) |  |  | $ | (44,380) |  |  | $ | 48,195 |  |  | $ | (199,658) |
Diluted earnings (loss) available to common shareholders | $ | (16,982) |  |  | $ | (44,380) |  |  | $ | 48,195 |  |  | $ | (199,658) |
Denominator |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average shares | 155,175 |  |  | 152,138 |  |  | 154,518 |  |  | 151,341 |
Effect of dilutive securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common stock equivalents | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,702 |  |  | — |
Diluted weighted average common shares | 155,175 |  |  | 152,138 |  |  | 159,220 |  |  | 151,341 |
Basic earnings (loss) per common share | $ | (0.11) |  |  | $ | (0.29) |  |  | $ | 0.31 |  |  | $ | (1.32) |
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share | $ | (0.11) |  |  | $ | (0.29) |  |  | $ | 0.30 |  |  | $ | (1.32) |

The following table presents potential shares of common stock excluded from the calculation of diluted net earnings (loss) per share, as their effect would have been anti-dilutive (000):

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Nine Months Ended March 31,
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
Common stock equivalents | 290 |  |  | 3,546 |  |  | 100 |  |  | 2,613 |
Series B Convertible Preferred Stock | 29,281 |  |  | 27,862 |  |  | 28,921 |  |  | 27,518 |
Total anti-dilutive shares | 29,571 |  |  | 31,408 |  |  | 29,021 |  |  | 30,131 |

Note 13. Segment Reporting
The Company reports its business segments using the “management approach” model for segment reporting. This means that we determine our reportable business segments based on the way the chief operating decision-maker (“CODM”) analyzes business segments within the Company for making operating decisions and assessing financial performance.
We report our financial results in the following three segments: (i) Networking, (ii) Materials, and (iii) Lasers. Our CODM receives and reviews financial information based on these three segments. During the first quarter of fiscal 2025 as a result of a new CEO joining the Company in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2024, our CODM implemented changes in the measure he uses to allocate resources and assess performance. Our CODM now evaluates each segment’s performance and allocates resources based on segment revenue and segment profit, instead of operating income, as our CODM believes segment profit is a more comprehensive profitability measure for each operating segment. Segment profit includes operating expenses directly managed by operating segments, including research and development, direct sales, marketing and administrative expenses. Segment profit does not include share-based compensation, acquisition or integration related costs, amortization and impairment of acquisition-related intangible assets, restructuring charges, and certain other charges. Additionally, effective the first quarter of fiscal 2025, we no longer allocate Corporate strategic research and development, strategic marketing and sales expenses and shared general and administrative expenses, as these expenses are not directly attributable to our operating segments. The segments are managed separately due to the market, production requirements and facilities unique to each segment. The accounting policies are consistent across each segment. Effective the first quarter of fiscal 2025, we no longer allocate corporate assets to the segments.
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Comparative prior period segment information has been recast to conform to the new segment profitability measure. The change in our operating segment measure had no impact on our previously reported consolidated results of operations, financial condition, or cash flows.
The following table summarizes selected financial information of our operations by segment and reconciles segment profit to consolidated earnings (loss) before income taxes for the periods presented ($000):

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Nine Months Ended March 31,
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
Segment revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Networking | $ | 897,317 |  |  | $ | 618,824 |  |  | $ | 2,476,102 |  |  | $ | 1,615,908 |
Materials | 236,672 |  |  | 238,982 |  |  | 717,574 |  |  | 737,300 |
Lasers | 363,890 |  |  | 351,003 |  |  | 1,087,003 |  |  | 1,040,118 |
Total segment revenue | 1,497,879 |  |  | 1,208,809 |  |  | 4,280,679 |  |  | 3,393,326 |
Intersegment revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Networking | 14,678 |  |  | 10,892 |  |  | 41,689 |  |  | 33,758 |
Materials | 133,178 |  |  | 132,177 |  |  | 384,468 |  |  | 315,961 |
Lasers | 1,890 |  |  | 1,513 |  |  | 5,772 |  |  | 3,357 |
Unallocated | (149,746) |  |  | (144,582) |  |  | (431,929) |  |  | (353,076) |
Total intersegment revenue | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Segment profit |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Networking | 175,352 |  |  | 97,737 |  |  | 464,527 |  |  | 253,800 |
Materials | 83,814 |  |  | 70,656 |  |  | 249,039 |  |  | 176,978 |
Lasers | 93,061 |  |  | 41,681 |  |  | 244,320 |  |  | 149,922 |
Total segment profit | 352,227 |  |  | 210,074 |  |  | 957,886 |  |  | 580,700 |
Unallocated Corporate expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Corporate and centralized function costs (1) | (72,974) |  |  | (58,132) |  |  | (196,035) |  |  | (165,336) |
Share-based compensation | (40,166) |  |  | (26,413) |  |  | (116,656) |  |  | (98,189) |
Restructuring costs (2) | (73,769) |  |  | (11,530) |  |  | (106,154) |  |  | (12,978) |
Integration, site consolidation and other costs (3) | (6,404) |  |  | (19,442) |  |  | (24,485) |  |  | (54,894) |
Amortization of intangibles | (87,163) |  |  | (72,252) |  |  | (230,741) |  |  | (216,421) |
Interest expense | (57,284) |  |  | (72,753) |  |  | (188,206) |  |  | (220,689) |
Other (income) expense, net | (4,577) |  |  | 18,597 |  |  | 61,988 |  |  | 30,252 |
Earnings (loss) before income taxes | $ | 9,890 |  |  | $ | (31,851) |  |  | $ | 157,597 |  |  | $ | (157,555) |
Expenditures for property, plant, and equipment |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Networking | $ | 69,267 |  |  | $ | 20,884 |  |  | $ | 188,164 |  |  | $ | 74,751 |
Materials | 33,909 |  |  | 61,119 |  |  | 98,408 |  |  | 156,142 |
Lasers | 8,643 |  |  | 11,239 |  |  | 22,914 |  |  | 16,016 |
Total expenditures for property, plant, and equipment | $ | 111,819 |  |  | $ | 93,242 |  |  | $ | 309,486 |  |  | $ | 246,909 |

(1)We do not allocate corporate and centralized function costs that are not directly attributable to our operating segments.
(2)See Note 17. Restructuring Plans for further information.
(3)Integration and site consolidation costs in the three and nine months ended March 31, 2025 includes $5 million and $21 million, respectively, in consulting and legal costs related to projects to integrate recent acquisitions into common technology systems and simplify legal entity structure, and $1 million and $3 million, respectively, of employee severance and retention costs related to sites being shut down as part of our Synergy and Site Consolidation Plan. Integration and site consolidation costs in the three and nine months ended March 31, 2024 primarily include $11
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million and $34 million, respectively, in consulting costs related to projects to integrate recent acquisitions into common technology systems and simplify legal entity structure, and $8 million and $21 million, respectively, of employee severance and retention and other costs related to sites being shut down as part of our 2023 Restructuring Plan or Synergy and Site Consolidation Plan.
The following table summarizes segment assets ($000):

Segment assets and reconciliation to total assets | March 31, 2025 |  | June 30, 2024
Networking | $ | 3,752,339 |  |  | $ | 3,472,866 |
Materials | 2,864,492 |  |  | 3,017,858 |
Lasers | 7,233,471 |  |  | 7,361,731 |
Corporate and shared services | 594,523 |  |  | 636,179 |
Total assets | $ | 14,444,825 |  |  | $ | 14,488,634 |

Note 14. Share-Based Compensation
Stock Award Plans
The Company grants equity awards pursuant to the Coherent Corp. Omnibus Incentive Plan (as amended and restated, the “Plan”). The Plan was originally approved by the Company's shareholders at the Annual Meeting in November 2018, and was subsequently amended, restated and approved by the Company’s shareholders at the Annual Meetings held in November 2020, November 2023 and November 2024. The Plan provides for the grant of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted shares, restricted share units, deferred shares, performance shares and performance units to employees (including officers), consultants and directors of the Company.
On June 3, 2024, the Board of Directors granted 147,214 restricted stock units vesting over three years from date of grant and 694,007 performance stock units vesting over the approximate three-year period ending June 30, 2027, to the new CEO. The grants were “employment inducement awards” as contemplated by the New York Stock Exchange Listing Rule 303A.08 and therefore were not made pursuant to the Plan.
On October 11, 2024, the Board of Directors granted 15,902 and 63,154 restricted stock units vesting over three years and two years, respectively, from date of grant and 118,853 performance stock units vesting over the approximate three-year period ending June 30, 2027, to the new CFO. The grants were “employment inducement awards” as contemplated by the New York Stock Exchange Listing Rule 303A.08 and therefore were not made pursuant to the Plan.
The Company has an Employee Stock Purchase Plan whereby eligible employees may authorize payroll deductions (subject to certain limitations) of up to 15% (or such lesser amount as may be determined by the plan administrator) of their wages and base salary to purchase shares at an amount which will not be less than 85% of the lower of (i) the fair market value of the common stock on the first trading day of the offering period and (ii) the fair market value of the common stock on the last trading day of the approximately six-month offering period.
Share-based compensation expense for the periods indicated was as follows ($000):

|  | Three Months Ended March 31, |  | Nine Months Ended March 31,
|  | 2025 |  | 2024 |  | 2025 |  | 2024
Stock Options and Cash-Based Stock Appreciation Rights |  | $ | (822) |  |  | $ | 1,078 |  |  | $ | (239) |  |  | $ | 824 |
Restricted Share Awards and Cash-Based Restricted Share Unit Awards |  | 22,427 |  |  | 20,050 |  |  | 70,077 |  |  | 72,038 |
Performance Share Awards and Cash-Based Performance Share Unit Awards |  | 16,064 |  |  | 2,781 |  |  | 39,813 |  |  | 16,611 |
Employee Stock Purchase Plan |  | 2,497 |  |  | 2,504 |  |  | 7,005 |  |  | 8,716 |
|  | $ | 40,166 |  |  | $ | 26,413 |  |  | $ | 116,656 |  |  | $ | 98,189 |

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Note 15. Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The FASB defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous markets for the asset and liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. We estimate fair value of our financial instruments utilizing an established three-level hierarchy in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The hierarchy is based upon the transparency of inputs to the valuation of an asset or liability as of the measurement date as follows:
•Level 1 – Valuation is based upon unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
•Level 2 – Valuation is based upon quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, or other inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instruments.
•Level 3 – Valuation is based upon other unobservable inputs that are significant to the fair value measurements.
The classification of fair value measurements within the hierarchy is based upon the lowest level of input that is significant to the measurement.
We had entered into an interest rate swap agreement, effective November 24, 2019, with a notional amount of $1,075 million to limit the exposure to our variable interest rate debt by effectively converting it to a fixed interest rate. Through February 28, 2023, we received payments based on the one-month LIBOR and made payments based on a fixed rate of 1.52%. We received payments with a floor of 0.00%. The initial notional amount of the interest rate swap decreased to $825 million in June 2022, and remained at that amount through its expiration on September 24, 2024. On March 20, 2023, we amended our $825 million interest rate swap (“Amended Swap”), effective as of February 28, 2023, to replace the current reference rate (LIBOR) with SOFR, to be consistent with Amendment No. 1 to the Credit Agreement. See Note 7. Debt for further information. Under the Amended Swap, we received payments based on the one-month SOFR and made payments based on a fixed rate of 1.42%. Through its expiration on September 24, 2024, we received payments with a floor of 0.10%. We designated this instrument as a cash flow hedge, and deemed the hedge relationship effective at inception of the contract and the amended contract.
The interest rate swap expired on September 30, 2024. The fair value of the interest rate swap of $8 million is recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet within Prepaid and other current assets as of June 30, 2024. Changes in fair value were recorded within AOCI on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and reclassified into the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings (Loss) as interest expense in the period in which the underlying transaction affected earnings. Cash flows from hedging activities were reported in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows in the same classification as the hedged item, as a component of cash flows from operations. The fair value of the interest rate swap was determined using widely accepted valuation techniques and reflected the contractual terms of the interest rate swap including the period to maturity, and while there were no quoted prices in active markets, it used observable market-based inputs, including interest rate curves. The fair value analysis also considered a credit valuation adjustment to reflect nonperformance risk of both the Company and the single counterparty. The interest rate swap was classified as a Level 2 item within the fair value hierarchy.
On February 23, 2022, we entered into an interest rate cap (the “Cap”) with an effective date of July 1, 2023. On March 20, 2023, we amended the Cap to replace the current reference rate (LIBOR) with SOFR, to be consistent with Amendment No. 1 to the Credit Agreement. See Note 7. Debt for further information. The Cap manages our exposure to interest rate movements on a portion of our floating rate debt. The Cap provides us with the right to receive payment if one-month SOFR exceeds 1.92%. Beginning in July 2023, we began to pay a fixed monthly premium based on an annual rate of 0.853% for the Cap. The Cap will carry a notional amount ranging from $500 million to $1,500 million. On September 1, 2024, we increased the notional amount from $500 million to $1,500 million. The fair value of the interest rate cap of $23 million and $50 million is recognized in the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet within Prepaid and other current assets and Other assets as of March 31, 2025 and June 30, 2024, respectively.
The Cap, as amended, is designed to mirror the terms of the Credit Agreement as amended on March 31, 2023. We designated the Cap as a cash flow hedge of the variability of the SOFR based interest payments on the Term Facilities. Every period over the life of the hedging relationship, the entire change in fair value related to the hedging instrument will first be recorded within Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Amounts accumulated in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) are reclassified into interest expense in the same period or periods in which interest expense is recognized on the Credit Agreement, or its direct replacement. The fair value of the Cap is determined using widely accepted valuation techniques and reflects the contractual terms of the Cap including the period to maturity, and while there are no quoted prices in active markets, it uses observable market-based inputs, including interest rate curves. The fair value analysis also considers a credit valuation adjustment to reflect nonperformance risk of both the Company and the single counterparty. The Cap is classified as a Level 2 item within the fair value hierarchy.
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We estimated the fair value of the Senior Notes, Term A Facility and Term B Facility (“Debt Facilities”) based on quoted market prices as of the last trading day prior to March 31, 2025; however, the Debt Facilities have only a limited trading volume and as such this fair value estimate is not necessarily the value at which the Debt Facilities could be retired or transferred. We concluded that this fair value measurement should be categorized within Level 2. The carrying values of the Debt Facilities are net of unamortized discount and issuance costs. See Note 7. Debt for details on the Debt Facilities.
The fair value and carrying value of the Debt Facilities were as follows ($000):

| March 31, 2025 |  | June 30, 2024
| Fair Value |  | Carrying Value |  | Fair Value |  | Carrying Value
Senior Notes | $ | 945,747 |  |  | $ | 984,787 |  |  | $ | 938,193 |  |  | $ | 984,061 |
Term A Facility | 618,131 |  |  | 618,994 |  |  | 777,564 |  |  | 762,039 |
Term B Facility | 2,122,763 |  |  | 2,112,988 |  |  | 2,390,497 |  |  | 2,334,701 |

Our borrowings, including our lease obligations and the Debt Facilities, are considered Level 2 among the fair value hierarchy.
Cash and cash equivalents are considered Level 1 among the fair value hierarchy and approximate fair value because of the short-term maturity of those investments.
At March 31, 2025, total restricted cash of $736 million includes $733 million of cash in Silicon Carbide LLC that is restricted for use only by that subsidiary and $3 million of cash restricted for other purposes in other entities. At June 30, 2024, total restricted cash of $864 million includes $858 million of cash in Silicon Carbide LLC that is restricted for use only by that subsidiary and $5 million of cash restricted for other purposes in other entities. The restricted cash is invested in money market accounts and time deposits, with maturities of one year or less, that are held-to-maturity, are considered Level 1 among the fair value hierarchy and approximate fair value. Restricted cash that is expected to be spent and released from restriction after 12 months is classified as non-current on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.
We, from time to time, purchase foreign currency forward exchange contracts that permit us to sell specified amounts of these foreign currencies for pre-established U.S. dollar amounts at specified dates that represent assets or liabilities on the balance sheets of certain subsidiaries. These contracts are entered into for the purpose of limiting translational exposure to changes in currency exchange rates and which otherwise would expose our earnings, on the revaluation of our aggregate net assets or liabilities in respective currencies, to foreign currency risk. At March 31, 2025, we had no foreign currency forward contracts. The fair values of these instruments, when outstanding, are measured using valuations based upon quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets (Level 2) and are valued by reference to similar financial instruments, adjusted for credit risk and restrictions and other terms specific to the contracts. Realized gains related to these contracts for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2025 were zero and $16 million, respectively, and realized gains related to these contracts for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2024 were $12 million and $9 million, respectively, were included in Other income, net in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings (Loss).
Note 16. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (loss) (“AOCI”) by component, net of tax, for the nine months ended March 31, 2025 were as follows ($000):

| Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment |  |  |  | Interest Rate Instruments |  | Defined Benefit Pension Plan |  | Total Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
AOCI - June 30, 2024 | $ | (26,092) |  |  |  |  | $ | 35,916 |  |  | $ | (7,184) |  |  | $ | 2,640 |
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications | 13,533 |  |  |  |  | (3,329) |  |  | 211 |  |  | 10,415 |
Amounts reclassified from AOCI | — |  |  |  |  | (24,328) |  |  | — |  |  | (24,328) |
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss) | 13,533 |  |  |  |  | (27,657) |  |  | 211 |  |  | (13,913) |
AOCI - March 31, 2025 | $ | (12,559) |  |  |  |  | $ | 8,259 |  |  | $ | (6,973) |  |  | $ | (11,273) |

Note 17. Restructuring Plans
2023 Restructuring Plan
On May 23, 2023, the Board of Directors approved the Company’s May 2023 Restructuring Plan (“2023 Plan”) which includes site consolidations, facilities moves and closures, as well as the relocation and requalification of certain manufacturing
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facilities. These restructuring actions were intended to realign our cost structure as part of a transformation to a simpler, more streamlined, resilient and sustainable business model. We evaluate restructuring charges in accordance with ASC 420, Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations (ASC 420), and ASC 712, Compensation-Nonretirement Post-Employment Benefits (ASC 712).
In the three months ended March 31, 2025, these activities resulted in $11 million of charges primarily for employee termination costs and site move costs. In the nine months ended March 31, 2025, these activities resulted in $43 million of charges primarily for impairment losses associated with the sale of our Newton Aycliffe business, employee termination costs, site move costs and accelerated depreciation. In the three months ended March 31, 2024, these activities resulted in $12 million of charges primarily for employee termination costs, acceleration of depreciation and the write-off of property and equipment. In the nine months ended March 31, 2024, these activities resulted in $13 million of charges primarily for acceleration of depreciation, employee termination costs and write-off of property and equipment as well as site move costs. We expect these restructuring actions to be substantially completed by the end of fiscal 2025. However, the actual timing and costs associated with these restructuring actions may differ from our current expectations and estimates and such differences may be material.
Activity and accrual balances for the 2023 Plan were as follows for the first three quarters of fiscal 2025 and 2024 ($000):

| Severance |  | Asset Write-Offs |  | Other |  | Total Accrual
Balance - June 30, 2024 | $ | 51,061 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 51,061 |
Restructuring charges (recoveries) | (455) |  |  | 15,970 |  |  | 8,850 |  |  | 24,365 |
Payments | (6,796) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (6,796) |
Asset write-offs and other | — |  |  | (15,970) |  |  | (8,850) |  |  | (24,820) |
Balance - September 30, 2024 | 43,810 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 43,810 |
Restructuring charges | 2,882 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,139 |  |  | 8,021 |
Payments | (752) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (752) |
Asset write-offs and other | (1,609) |  |  | — |  |  | (5,139) |  |  | (6,748) |
Balance - December 31, 2024 | 44,331 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 44,331 |
Restructuring charges | 6,919 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,622 |  |  | 10,541 |
Payments | (5,038) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5,038) |
Asset write-offs and other | 547 |  |  | — |  |  | (3,622) |  |  | (3,075) |
Balance - March 31, 2025 | $ | 46,759 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 46,759 |

| Severance |  | Asset Write-Offs |  | Other |  | Total Accrual
Balance - June 30, 2023 | $ | 64,379 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 64,379 |
Restructuring charges | 2,050 |  |  | 269 |  |  | 699 |  |  | 3,018 |
Payments | (7,930) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (7,930) |
Asset write-offs and other | — |  |  | (269) |  |  | (699) |  |  | (968) |
Balance - September 30, 2023 | 58,499 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 58,499 |
Restructuring charges (recoveries) | (4,848) |  |  | 54 |  |  | 3,224 |  |  | (1,570) |
Payments | (2,103) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,103) |
Asset write-offs and other | — |  |  | (54) |  |  | (3,224) |  |  | (3,278) |
Balance - December 31, 2023 | 51,548 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 51,548 |
Restructuring charges | 5,232 |  |  | 1,593 |  |  | 4,705 |  |  | 11,530 |
Payments | (3,358) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,358) |
Asset write-offs and other | — |  |  | (1,593) |  |  | (4,705) |  |  | (6,298) |
Balance - March 31, 2024 | $ | 53,422 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 53,422 |

At March 31, 2025, $14 million and $33 million of accrued severance related costs were included in other accrued liabilities and other liabilities, respectively, and are expected to result in cash expenditures through fiscal 2028. The current and prior year severance related net charges are primarily comprised of accruals for severance and pay for employees being terminated due to the consolidation of certain manufacturing sites, with severance recorded in accordance with ASC 712.
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By segment, for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2025, $2 million and $29 million, respectively, of restructuring costs were incurred in the Materials segment, $8 million and $11 million, respectively, of restructuring costs were incurred in the Networking segment, and $1 million and $3 million, respectively, of restructuring costs were incurred in the Lasers segment. By segment, for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2024, $8 million and $15 million, respectively, of restructuring costs were incurred in the Materials segment, and $4 million and $4 million, respectively, of restructuring costs were incurred in the Lasers segment, partially offset by no and $5 million, respectively, of restructuring recoveries in the Networking segment. Restructuring charges and recoveries are recorded in Restructuring charges in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings (Loss).
2025 Restructuring Plan
Commencing in the quarter ended March 31, 2025, and as part of the ongoing strategic review of the Company’s business, the Company’s management approved a plan to take a number of restructuring actions, including site consolidations, facilities moves and closures, workforce reductions, contract terminations, and certain other associated cost reductions (“2025 Plan”). In connection therewith, the Company expects to incur charges for related severance and benefits, lease and contract termination costs, accelerated depreciation and asset write-offs, facilities move and other restructuring costs. We evaluate restructuring charges in accordance with ASC 420, Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations (ASC 420), and ASC 712, Compensation-Nonretirement Post-Employment Benefits (ASC 712).
In the three months ended March 31, 2025, these activities resulted in $63 million of charges primarily for the write-off of property and equipment and employee termination costs. We expect the restructuring actions to be substantially completed by the end of fiscal 2026. However, the actual timing and costs associated with these restructuring actions may differ from our current expectations and estimates and such differences may be material.
Activity and accrual balances for the 2025 Plan were as follows for the third quarter of fiscal 2025 ($000):

| Severance |  | Asset Write-Offs |  | Other |  | Total Accrual
Balance - December 31, 2024 | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Restructuring charges (recoveries) | 22,202 |  |  | 40,759 |  |  | 266 |  |  | 63,227 |
Payments | (2,735) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,735) |
Asset write-offs and other | (301) |  |  | (40,759) |  |  | (266) |  |  | (41,326) |
Balance - March 31, 2025 | $ | 19,166 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 19,166 |

At March 31, 2025, $19 million of accrued severance related costs were included in other accrued liabilities and are expected to result in cash expenditures primarily through fiscal 2026. The current year severance related net charges are primarily comprised of accruals for severance and pay for employees being terminated due to the consolidation of certain manufacturing sites, with severance recorded in accordance with ASC 712.
By segment, for the three months ended March 31, 2025, $32 million of restructuring costs were incurred in the Materials segment, $17 million were incurred in the Networking segment, $12 million were incurred in the Lasers segment, and $2 million were incurred in the Corporate segment. Restructuring charges and recoveries are recorded in Restructuring charges in our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings (Loss).
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Table of Contents
Item 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (MD&A) is designed to provide a reader of Coherent’s financial statements with a narrative from the perspective of management. The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes included under Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Coherent’s MD&A is presented in the following sections:
•Forward-Looking Statements
•Overview
•Trends and Other Matters Affecting Our Business
•Critical Accounting Estimates
•Results of Operations
•Liquidity and Capital Resources
Forward-looking statements in Item 2 may involve risks and uncertainties that could cause results to differ materially from those projected (refer to Part II Item 1A for discussion of these risks and uncertainties).
Forward-Looking Statements
Certain statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are forward-looking statements as defined by Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, including statements regarding projected growth rates, markets, product development, financial position, capital expenditures and foreign currency exposure. Forward-looking statements are also identified by words such as “expects,” “anticipates,” “intends,” “believes,” “plans,” “projects” or similar expressions.
Although our management considers the expectations and assumptions on which the forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are based to have a reasonable basis, there can be no assurance that management’s expectations, beliefs or projections as expressed in the forward-looking statements will actually occur or prove to be correct. In addition to general industry and global economic conditions, factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those discussed in the forward-looking statements in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q include, but are not limited to: (i) the failure of any one or more of the expectations or assumptions on which such forward-looking statements are based to prove to be correct; and (ii) the risks relating to forward-looking statements and other “Risk Factors” discussed in Item 1A in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2024 and in the Company's other reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The Company disclaims any obligation to update information contained in these forward-looking statements whether as a result of new information, future events or developments, or otherwise.
In addition, we operate in a highly competitive and rapidly changing environment; new risk factors can arise, and it is not possible for management to anticipate all such risk factors, or to assess the impact of all such risk factors on our business or the extent to which any individual risk factor, or combination of risk factors, may cause results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statement. The forward-looking statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are based only on information currently available to us and speak only as of the date of this report. We do not assume any obligation, and do not intend, to update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise, except as may be required by the securities laws. Investors should, however, consult any further disclosures of a forward-looking nature that the Company may make in its subsequent Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, or other disclosures filed with or furnished to the SEC.
Investors should also be aware that, while the Company does communicate with securities analysts from time to time, such communications are conducted in accordance with applicable securities laws. Investors should not assume that the Company agrees with any statement, conclusion of any analysis, or report issued by any analyst irrespective of the content of the statement or report.
Overview
Coherent Corp. (“Coherent”, the “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our”), a global leader in materials, networking, and lasers, is a vertically integrated manufacturing company that develops, manufactures and markets engineered materials, optoelectronic components and devices, and lasers for use in the industrial, communications, electronics, and instrumentation markets. Headquartered in Saxonburg, Pennsylvania, Coherent has research and development, manufacturing, sales, service, and distribution facilities worldwide. Coherent produces a wide variety of lasers, along with application-specific photonic and electronic materials and components, and deploys them in various forms, including integrated with advanced software to enable its customers.
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We generate almost all of our revenues, earnings and cash flows from developing, manufacturing and marketing a broad portfolio of products and services for our end markets. We also generate revenue, earnings and cash flows from externally-funded research and development contracts relating to the development and manufacture of new technologies, materials and products.
Our customer base includes original equipment manufacturers; laser end-users; system integrators of high-power lasers; manufacturers of equipment and devices for our end markets.
As we grow, we are focused on scaling our Company and deriving the continued benefits of vertical integration as we strive to be a best-in-class player in all of our highly competitive markets. We may elect to change the way in which we operate or are organized in the future to enable the most efficient implementation of our strategy.
Trends and Other Matters Affecting Our Business
Restructuring Plans
2023 Plan
On May 23, 2023, the Board of Directors approved the Company’s May 2023 Restructuring Plan (“2023 Plan”) which includes site consolidations, facilities moves and closures, as well as the relocation and requalification of certain manufacturing facilities. These restructuring actions were intended to realign our cost structure as part of a transformation to a simpler, more streamlined, resilient and sustainable business model.
In the three and nine months ended March 31, 2025, these activities resulted in charges of $11 million and $43 million, respectively. The current quarter costs are primarily for employee termination costs and site move costs and the current year-to-date costs are primarily for impairment losses associated with the sale of our Newton Aycliffe business, employee termination costs, site move costs and accelerated depreciation. In fiscal 2024, these activities resulted in charges of $27 million, primarily for accelerated depreciation, the write-off of property and equipment, and site move costs. In fiscal 2023, these activities resulted in $119 million of charges primarily for employee termination costs, and the write-off of property and equipment, net of $65 million from reimbursement arrangements. We expect these restructuring actions to be substantially completed by the end of fiscal 2025. However, the actual timing and costs associated with these restructuring actions may differ from our current expectations and estimates and such differences may be material. See Note 17. Restructuring Plan to the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further information.
2025 Plan
Commencing in the quarter ended March 31, 2025, and as part of the ongoing strategic review of the Company’s business, the Company’s management approved a plan (“2025 Plan” and together with the 2023 Plan, the Restructuring Plans) to take a number of restructuring actions, including site consolidations, facilities moves and closures, workforce reductions, contract terminations, and certain other associated cost reductions.
In the three months ended March 31, 2025, these activities resulted in $63 million of charges primarily for the write-off of property and equipment and employee termination costs. We expect the restructuring actions to be substantially completed by the end of fiscal 2026. However, the actual timing and costs associated with these restructuring actions may differ from our current expectations and estimates and such differences may be material.
Synergy and Site Consolidation Plan
On May 20, 2023, the Company announced that it had accelerated some of the actions planned as part of its multi-year synergy and site consolidation efforts following the acquisition of Coherent, Inc., including site consolidations and relocations to lower cost sites. These relocations and other actions resulted in the Company achieving its previously announced $250 million synergy plan, which includes savings from supply chain management, internal supply of enabling materials and components, operational efficiencies in all functions due to scale, global functional model efficiencies and consolidation of corporate costs. In the three and nine months ended March 31, 2025, the acceleration of these activities resulted in $5 million and $13 million, respectively, of charges primarily for overlapping labor related to transition of manufacturing operations to other sites, shut down costs and employee termination costs. In fiscal 2024, the acceleration of these activities resulted in $40 million of charges primarily for overlapping labor related to transition of manufacturing operations to other sites, shut down costs for sites being exited, accelerated depreciation and employee termination costs, with $13 million and $29 million, respectively, of those charges in the three and nine months ended March 31, 2024. In fiscal 2023, the acceleration of these activities resulted in $20 million in charges primarily for employee termination costs, the write-off of inventory for products that are being exited and shut down costs.
Tariffs
In early 2025, the United States implemented significant new tariffs on foreign imports impacting multiple countries, commodities and industries, and these new tariffs and export restrictions also prompted retaliatory tariffs and export restrictions
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from certain countries. As of April 2025, certain tariffs and retaliatory tariffs have been delayed, but a number of the new tariffs remain in effect, including significant tariffs and trade sanctions between the United States and China. China has also restricted the export of certain rare earth minerals which are used in our products.
Currently, we do not expect these tariffs, trade sanctions, and/or restrictions on the export of certain rare earth minerals which are used in our products to have a material impact on our business, financial condition, operational results and/or cash flows in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2025.
However, we are in a dynamic environment, and as a global company with a substantial and diversified manufacturing footprint. Our diverse manufacturing footprint provides us with some insulation against these tariffs, trade sanctions, and other geopolitical challenges and our flexible and resilient supply chain enables a high degree of optionality. As the tariff, trade sanctions, and export restrictions become more clear, we expect these attributes will enable us to find opportunities to moderate the impact of the same.
Nevertheless, we are not immune to sustained disruption in global trade conditions which may create future headwinds for the Company and could result in revenue reduction, cost increases on material used in our products or significant production delays, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, operational results and cash flows.
Critical Accounting Estimates
The preparation of financial statements and related disclosures are in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and the Company’s discussion and analysis of its financial condition and results of operations require the Company’s management to make judgments, assumptions and estimates that affect the amounts reported in its Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements and accompanying notes.
Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K dated August 16, 2024 describes the significant accounting policies and methods used in the preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
New Accounting Standards
See Note 2. Recently Issued Financial Accounting Standards to our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for a description of recent accounting pronouncements, including the expected dates of adoption and estimated effects, if any, on our consolidated financial statements.
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Results of Operations
The following tables set forth select items from our Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings (Loss) for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 ($ in millions) (1):

| Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 |  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2024
|  |  | % of Revenues |  |  |  | % of Revenues
Total revenues | $ | 1,498 |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 1,209 |  |  | 100 | %
Cost of goods sold | 970 |  |  | 65 |  |  | 842 |  |  | 70 |
Gross margin | 528 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 366 |  |  | 30 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Research and development | 151 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 127 |  |  | 11 |
Selling, general and administrative | 231 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 205 |  |  | 17 |
Restructuring charges | 74 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 1 |
Interest and other, net | 62 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 54 |  |  | 4 |
Earnings (loss) before income taxes | 10 |  |  | 1 |  |  | (32) |  |  | (2) |
Income taxes | 8 |  |  | 1 |  |  | (16) |  |  | (1) |
Net earnings (loss) | 2 |  |  | — |  |  | (16) |  |  | — |
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests | (14) |  |  | (1) |  |  | (3) |  |  | — |
Net earnings (loss) attributable to Coherent Corp. | $ | 16 |  |  | 1 | % |  | $ | (13) |  |  | (3) | %
Diluted earnings (loss) per share | $ | (0.11) |  |  |  |  | $ | (0.29) |  |  |

(1) Some amounts may not add due to rounding.

| Nine Months Ended March 31, 2025 |  | Nine Months Ended March 31, 2024
|  |  | % of Revenues |  |  |  | % of Revenues
Total revenues | $ | 4,281 |  |  | 100 | % |  | $ | 3,393 |  |  | 100 | %
Cost of goods sold | 2,784 |  |  | 65 |  |  | 2,369 |  |  | 70 |
Gross margin | 1,497 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 1,024 |  |  | 30 |
Operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Research and development | 426 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 352 |  |  | 10 |
Selling, general and administrative | 681 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 626 |  |  | 18 |
Restructuring charges | 106 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 13 |  |  | — |
Interest and other, net | 126 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 190 |  |  | 6 |
Earnings (loss) before income taxes | 158 |  |  | 4 |  |  | (158) |  |  | (5) |
Income taxes | 29 |  |  | 1 |  |  | (46) |  |  | (1) |
Net earnings (loss) | 128 |  |  | 3 |  |  | (112) |  |  | (3) |
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests | (17) |  |  | — |  |  | (4) |  |  | — |
Net earnings (loss) attributable to Coherent Corp. | $ | 145 |  |  | 3 | % |  | $ | (108) |  |  | (3) | %
Diluted earnings (loss) per share | $ | 0.30 |  |  |  |  | $ | (1.32) |  |  |

(1) Some amounts may not add due to rounding.
Consolidated
Revenues. Revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2025 increased 24% to $1,498 million, compared to $1,209 million for the same period last fiscal year. Revenues increased $281 million (46%) in the communications market, with increases in datacom driven primarily by ongoing strong AI datacenter related revenue growth and a third quarter of sequential growth in our telecom revenue. In our remaining markets, which are primarily industrial-related applications, revenue increased $8 million (1%) primarily due to revenue growth in the semiconductor capital equipment and display capital equipment end
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markets. This growth was offset by soft demand in broad-based industrial end markets, such as precision manufacturing. From a segment perspective, Networking revenues increased 45% year-over-year due to ongoing strong AI datacenter demand and the growth in telecom, both in our communications market. Lasers revenue increased 4% year-over-year reflecting strong demand with higher volumes of annealing lasers in our display capital equipment market as well as increased demand in semiconductor capital equipment for advanced packaging tools where our lasers, optics and advanced materials are being adopted. Materials revenues decreased 1% year-over-year, primarily due to softness in the consumer electronics end market.
Revenues for the nine months ended March 31, 2025 increased 26% to $4,281 million, compared to $3,393 million for the same period last fiscal year. Revenues increased $899 million (56%) in the communications market, with increases in datacom driven primarily by ongoing strong AI datacenter demand and three quarters of sequential growth in our telecom revenue. In our remaining markets, revenue decreased $11 million (1%). Within these markets, strong revenue growth in display capital equipment and semiconductor capital equipment volumes was more than offset by soft demand in broad-based industrial end markets, such as precision manufacturing. From a segment perspective, Networking revenues increased 53% year-over-year due to strong AI datacenter demand in our communications market and the growth in telecom. Lasers revenue increased 5% year-over-year reflecting higher volumes of annealing lasers in our display capital equipment market as well as increased demand in semiconductor capital equipment for advanced packaging tools where our lasers, optics and advanced materials are being adopted. Materials revenues decreased 3% year-over-year, primarily due to weak automotive end market demand.
Gross margin. Gross margin for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was $528 million, or 35% of total revenues, compared to $366 million, or 30% of total revenues, for the same period last fiscal year, an increase of 492 basis points. The increase as a percent of revenue for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was primarily due to higher revenue volume as well as improvements in pricing optimization and cost reductions and improvements in manufacturing yields, partially offset by unfavorable product mix. Gross margin for the nine months ended March 31, 2025 was $1,497 million, or 35% of total revenues, compared to $1,024 million, or 30% of total revenues, for the same period last fiscal year, an increase of 484 basis points. The increase as a percent of revenue for the nine months ended March 31, 2025 was primarily due to higher revenue volume, cost reductions and improvements in manufacturing yields partially offset by unfavorable product mix.
Research and development. Research and development (“R&D”) expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2025 were $151 million, or 10% of revenues, compared to $127 million, or 11% of revenues, for the same period last fiscal year. R&D expenses for the nine months ended March 31, 2025 were $426 million, or 10% of revenues, compared to $352 million, or 10% of revenues, for the same period last fiscal year. For both the three and nine months ended March 31, 2025, the increases in R&D expenses were primarily related to continued investment in our product portfolios, particularly in datacom.
Selling, general and administrative. Selling, general and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2025 were $231 million, or 15% of revenues, compared to $205 million, or 17% of revenues, for the same period last fiscal year. SG&A expenses for the nine months ended March 31, 2025 were $681 million, or 16% of revenues, compared to $626 million, or 18% of revenues, for the same period last fiscal year. The decreases in SG&A as a percentage of revenue for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2025 were primarily the result of higher sales volumes and lower integration consulting costs partially offset by the impact of higher variable and share-based compensation.
Restructuring charges. Restructuring charges related to our Restructuring Plans for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2025 were $74 million and $106 million, respectively, and consist of asset write-offs, employee termination costs, move costs and accelerated depreciation due to the consolidation and closure of certain manufacturing sites as well as impairment losses associated with the sale of our Newton Aycliffe business. Restructuring charges related to our 2023 Restructuring Plan for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2024 were $12 million and $13 million, respectively, and consisted of severance, accelerated depreciation, equipment write-offs and move costs due to the consolidation of certain manufacturing sites. See Note 17. Restructuring Plans included in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further information.
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Interest and other, net. Interest and other, net for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was expense of $62 million, compared to expense of $54 million for the same period last fiscal year, an increase of $8 million. Included in Interest and other, net, were interest expense on borrowings, foreign currency gains and losses, amortization of debt issuance costs, equity gains and losses from unconsolidated investments, and interest and dividend income on cash balances. For the three months ended March 31, 2025, the increase of $8 million in comparison to the same period last fiscal year was driven by $14 million higher foreign exchange net losses and $6 million lower interest and dividend income due to decreases in interest rates earned on investments, as well as the decrease in restricted cash balances partially offset by $15 million lower interest expense. The $14 million higher foreign exchange losses were primarily due to higher volatility of exchange rates, particularly the Euro, Swedish Krona and British Pound, during the three months ended March 31, 2025 in addition to the cessation of our balance sheet hedging program at the end of September 2024. The $15 million lower interest expense was primarily due to lower interest expense on our New Term B Loans resulting from lower balances and lower interest rates, partially offset by lower interest expense benefit from our interest rate cap and swap. Interest and other, net for the nine months ended March 31, 2025 was expense of $126 million, compared to expense of $190 million for the same period last fiscal year, a decrease of $64 million. For the nine months ended March 31, 2025, the decrease of $64 million in comparison to the same period last fiscal year was driven by $32 million lower interest expense, $17 million higher foreign exchange net gains, and $13 million lower interest and dividend income due to decreases in interest rates earned on investments as well as the decrease in restricted cash balances. The $17 million higher foreign exchange net gains were primarily due to higher volatility of exchange rates, particularly the Euro, Korean Won, and Chinese Renminbi, during the nine months ended March 31, 2025 in addition to the cessation of our balance sheet hedging program at the end of September 2024. The $32 million lower interest expense was primarily due to lower interest expense on our New Term B Loans resulting from lower balances and lower interest rates partially offset by lower interest expense benefit from our interest rate cap and swap.
Income taxes. The Company’s year-to-date effective income tax rate at March 31, 2025 was 19% compared to an effective tax rate of 29% for the same period in 2024. The variations between the Company’s effective tax rate and the U.S. statutory rate of 21% were due to tax rate differentials between U.S. and foreign jurisdictions. The current year-to-date rate was impacted by the recording of a $19 million windfall on stock awards due to the increase in stock price.
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests. Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2025 was $14 million and $17 million, respectively, and represents the noncontrolling interest holders’ shares of losses of Silicon Carbide LLC. Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2024 was $3 million and $4 million, respectively. See Note 11. Noncontrolling Interests included in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further information.
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Segment Reporting
Revenues and segment profit for the Company’s reportable segments are discussed below. During the first quarter of fiscal 2025 as a result of a new CEO joining the Company in the fourth quarter of fiscal 2024, our Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) implemented changes in the measure he uses to allocate resources and assess performance. Our CODM now evaluates each segment’s performance and allocates resources based on segment revenue and segment profit, instead of operating income, as our CODM believes segment profit is a more comprehensive profitability measure for each operating segment. Segment profit includes operating expenses directly managed by operating segments, including research and development, direct sales, marketing and administrative expenses. Segment profit does not include share-based compensation, acquisition or integration related costs, amortization and impairment of acquisition-related intangible assets, restructuring charges, and certain other charges. Additionally, effective the first quarter of fiscal 2025, we no longer allocate Corporate strategic research and development, strategic marketing and sales expenses and shared general and administrative expenses, as these expenses are not directly attributable to our operating segments. Management believes segment profit to be a useful measure for investors, as it reflects the results of segment performance over which management has direct control and is used by management in its evaluation of segment performance. See Note 13. Segment Reporting, to our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further information on the Company’s reportable segments and for the reconciliation of the Company’s segment profit to earnings (loss) before income taxes, which is incorporated herein by reference. We report our financial results in the following three designated segments: (i) Networking, (ii) Materials, and (iii) Lasers.
Comparative prior period segment information has been recast to conform to the new segment profitability measure. The change in our operating segment measure had no impact on our previously reported consolidated results of operations, financial condition, or cash flows.
Networking ($ in millions)

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  | % Increase |  | Nine Months Ended March 31, |  | % Increase
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  |  |  | 2025 |  | 2024 |  |
Revenues | $ | 897 |  |  | $ | 619 |  |  | 45% |  | $ | 2,476 |  |  | $ | 1,616 |  |  | 53%
Segment profit | $ | 175 |  |  | $ | 98 |  |  | 79% |  | $ | 465 |  |  | $ | 254 |  |  | 83%

Revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2025 increased 45% to $897 million, compared to $619 million for the same period last fiscal year. Revenues for the nine months ended March 31, 2025 increased 53% to $2,476 million, compared to $1,616 million for the same period last fiscal year. The increase in revenue of $278 million during the three months ended March 31, 2025 was due to ongoing strong AI datacenter related revenue growth resulting from increased volumes in the datacom vertical as well as a third quarter of sequential growth in telecom, both in our communications market. The increase in revenues of $860 million during the nine months ended March 31, 2025 was primarily due to increased AI datacenter related revenue in our communications market resulting from increased volumes in the datacom vertical and three quarters of sequential growth in telecom.
Segment profit for the three months ended March 31, 2025 increased 79% to $175 million, compared to segment profit of $98 million for the same period last fiscal year. The increase in segment profit for the three months ended March 31, 2025 was primarily driven by higher revenues, partially offset by higher R&D investments in our product portfolio. Segment profit for the nine months ended March 31, 2025 increased 83% to $465 million, compared to segment profit of $254 million for the same period last fiscal year. The increase in segment profit for the nine months ended March 31, 2025 was primarily driven by higher revenues, partially offset by higher R&D investments in our product portfolio.
Materials ($ in millions)

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  | % Increase (Decrease) |  | Nine Months Ended March 31, |  | % Increase (Decrease)
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  |  |  | 2025 |  | 2024 |  |
Revenues | $ | 237 |  |  | $ | 239 |  |  | (1)% |  | $ | 718 |  |  | $ | 737 |  |  | (3)%
Segment profit | $ | 84 |  |  | $ | 71 |  |  | 19% |  | $ | 249 |  |  | $ | 177 |  |  | 41%

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Revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2025 decreased 1% to $237 million, compared to revenues of $239 million for the same period last fiscal year. Revenues for the nine months ended March 31, 2025 decreased 3% to $718 million, compared to $737 million for the same period last fiscal year. Compared to the three months ended March 31, 2024, Materials decreased $2 million year-over-year, with a decrease of $8 million in the electronics market primarily due to softness in the consumer electronics end market partially offset by higher volumes in the instrumentation, communications, and industrial markets. The decrease in revenues of $20 million during the nine months ended March 31, 2025 was primarily related to decreases of $33 million in the electronics market primarily due to weak automotive end market demand and $23 million in the industrial market due to macroeconomic conditions, partially offset by $33 million higher volumes in the datacom vertical within the communications market.
Segment profit for the three months ended March 31, 2025 increased 19% to $84 million, compared to segment profit of $71 million for the same period last fiscal year, primarily driven by favorable product mix and lower costs, partially offset by higher variable compensation. Segment profit for the nine months ended March 31, 2025 increased 41% to $249 million compared to the segment profit of $177 million for the same period last fiscal year. The increase in segment profit for the nine months ended March 31, 2025 was primaril y driven by favorable product mix, improvements in pricing optimization and lower costs, partially offset by h igher R&D investments in our product portfolio and higher variable compensation.
Lasers ($ in millions)

| Three Months Ended March 31, |  | % Increase |  | Nine Months Ended March 31, |  | % Increase
| 2025 |  | 2024 |  |  |  | 2025 |  | 2024 |  |
Revenues | $ | 364 |  |  | $ | 351 |  |  | 4% |  | $ | 1,087 |  |  | $ | 1,040 |  |  | 5%
Segment profit | $ | 93 |  |  | $ | 42 |  |  | 123% |  | $ | 244 |  |  | $ | 150 |  |  | 63%

Revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2025 increased 4% to $364 million, compared to revenues of $351 million for the same period last fiscal year. Revenues for the nine months ended March 31, 2025 increased 5% to $1,087 million, compared to $1,040 million for the same period last fiscal year. The increase during the three months ended March 31, 2025 was primarily due to $18 million higher shipments due to increased demand with higher volumes of annealing lasers in our display capital equipment market as well as increased demand in semiconductor capital equipment for advanced packaging tools where our lasers, optics and advanced materials are being adopted. The increase in revenues of $47 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2025 was primarily related to $62 million higher shipments of annealing lasers in our display capital equipment market as well as increased demand in semiconductor capital equipment for advanced packaging tools.
Segment profit for the three months ended March 31, 2025 increased 123% to $93 million, compared to segment profit of $42 million for the same period last fiscal year. The increase in segment profit was primarily driven by favorable product mix, higher revenue volumes, improvements in pricing optimization, lower costs and favorable foreign exchange rates. Segment profit for the nine months ended March 31, 2025 increased by 63% to $244 million compared to $150 million for the same period last fiscal year. The increase in segment profit for the nine months ended March 31, 2025 was primarily driven by higher revenues as well as lower SG&A expenses.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Historically, our primary sources of cash have been from operations, long-term borrowings, and advance funding from customers. Other sources of cash include proceeds from the issuance of equity, proceeds received from the exercises of stock options, and sale of equity investments and businesses. Our historic uses of cash have been for business acquisitions, capital expenditures, investment in research and development, payments of principal and interest on outstanding debt obligations, payments of debt and equity issuance costs to obtain financing and payments in satisfaction of employees’ minimum tax obligations. Supplemental information pertaining to our sources and uses of cash for the periods indicated is presented as follows:
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Sources (uses) of cash ($ in millions):

| Nine Months Ended March 31,
| 2025 |  | 2024
Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 503 |  |  | $ | 383 |
Net proceeds from debt and equity issuances, including noncontrolling interest holders | — |  | 968
Proceeds from exercises of stock options and purchases of stock under employee stock purchase plan | 48 |  | 36
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents and other items | 3 |  | 1
Proceeds from revolving credit facilities | 36 |  |  | 19 |
Proceeds from the sale of business | 27 |  | —
Other items | (2) |  | (3)
Payments in satisfaction of employees’ minimum tax obligations | (49) |  | (19)
Payments on borrowings under revolving credit facilities | (34) |  | (19)
Payments on existing debt | (386) |  | (165)
Additions to property, plant & equipment | (310) |  | (247)

Operating activities:
Net cash provided by operating activities was $503 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2025 compared to $383 million for the same period last fiscal year. The increase in cash flows provided by operating activities during the nine months ended March 31, 2025 compared to the same period last fiscal year was primarily due to higher earnings partially offset by increases in accounts receivables and inventories as a result of higher revenues.
Investing activities:
Net cash used in investing activities was $284 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2025, compared to $249 million for the same period last fiscal year. Higher cash used to fund capital expenditures of $63 million year-over-year was partially offset by $27 million cash received from the sale of a business.
Financing activities:
Net cash used in financing activities was $386 million for the nine months ended March 31, 2025, compared to net cash provided by financing activities of $820 million for the same period last fiscal year. Cash outflows for the current fiscal year were primarily payments on existing debt. Financing inflows in the prior year period included the $1.0 billion contribution from noncontrolling interests and proceeds from employee stock purchases, partially offset by payments on existing debt and equity issuance costs related to the contribution from noncontrolling interests.
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Senior Credit Facilities
On July 1, 2022, Coherent entered into a Credit Agreement by and among the Company, the lenders, and other parties thereto, and JP Morgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent and collateral agent, which provides for senior secured financing of $4.0 billion, consisting of a term loan A credit facility (the “Term A Facility”) with an aggregate principal amount of $850 million, a term loan B credit facility (the “Term B Facility” and, together with the Term A Facility, the “Term Facilities”), with an aggregate principal amount of $2,800 million, and a revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Credit Facility” and, together with the Term Facilities, the “Senior Credit Facilities”), in an aggregate available amount of $350 million, including a letter of credit sub-facility of up to $50 million. On March 31, 2023, Coherent entered into Amendment No. 1 to the Credit Agreement, which replaced the adjusted LIBOR-based rate of interest therein with an adjusted Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) based rate of interest. As amended, the Term A Facility and the Revolving Credit Facility each bear interest at an adjusted SOFR rate subject to a 0.10% floor plus a range of 1.75% to 2.50%, based on the Company’s total net leverage ratio. The Term A Facility and the Revolving Credit Facility borrowings bear interest at adjusted SOFR plus 1.85% as of March 31, 2025. On April 2, 2024, Coherent entered into Amendment No. 2 to the Credit Agreement, under which the principal amount of term B loans outstanding under the Credit Agreement (the “Existing Term B Loans”) were replaced with an equal amount of new term loans (the “New Term B Loans”) having substantially similar terms as the Existing Term B Loans, except with respect to the interest rate applicable to the New Term B Loans and certain other provisions. On January 2, 2025, Coherent entered into Amendment No. 3 to the Credit Agreement, under which the principal amount of the New Term B Loans were replaced with an equal amount of new term loans (the “New Term B-2 Loans”) having substantially similar terms as the New Term B Loans, except with respect to the interest rate applicable to the New Term B-2 Loans and certain other provisions. As further amended, the New Term B-2 Loans bear interest at a SOFR rate (subject to a 0.50% floor) plus 2.00% as of March 31, 2025. The maturity of the New Term B-2 Loans and revolving credit facility remains unchanged. In relation to the Term Facilities, the Company incurred expense of $44 million and $150 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2025, which is included in Interest expense in the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings (Loss). On July 1, 2023, our interest rate cap became effective, which together with our interest rate swap (through September 30, 2024), reduced interest expense by $6 million and $27 million, respectively, during the three and nine months ended March 31, 2025.
During the nine months ended March 31, 2025, the Company made payments of $383 million for the Term Facilities, including voluntary payments of $350 million.
As of March 31, 2025, the Company had no borrowings outstanding under the Revolving Credit Facility.
Our cash position, borrowing capacity and debt obligations are as follows (in millions):

|  | March 31, 2025 |  | June 30, 2024
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 890 |  |  | $ | 926 |
Restricted cash, current |  | 19 |  |  | 174 |
Restricted cash, non-current |  | 717 |  |  | 690 |
Available borrowing capacity under Revolving Credit Facility |  | 315 |  |  | 346 |
Total debt obligations |  | 3,732 |  |  | 4,100 |

Other Liquidity
On December 4, 2023, the Company consummated two investment agreements under which Silicon Carbide LLC, a Company subsidiary, received $1.0 billion cash in exchange for 25% of the equity of that entity. Such funds have and will continue to be used primarily to fund future capital expansion in our silicon carbide business and will enable us to increase our available free cash flow to provide greater financial and operational flexibility to execute our capital allocation priorities. See Note 11. Noncontrolling Interests included in Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for further information.
The Company believes existing cash, cash flow from operations, and available borrowing capacity from its Senior Credit Facilities will be sufficient to fund its needs for working capital, capital expenditures, repayment of scheduled long-term borrowings and lease obligations, investments in R&D, and internal and external growth objectives at least through the next twelve months.
Our cash and cash equivalent balances are generated and held in numerous locations throughout the world, including amounts held outside the United States. As of March 31, 2025, the Company held approxim ately $838 million of c ash, cash equivalents and restricted cash outside of the United States. Generally, cash balances held outside the United States could be repatriated to the United States.
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At March 31, 2025, we had $736 million of restricted cash, which includes $733 million at our Silicon Carbide LLC that is restricted for use by only that subsidiary.
Item 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Market Risks
We are exposed to market risks arising from adverse changes in foreign currency exchange rates and interest rates. In the normal course of business, we have the option to use a variety of techniques and derivative financial instruments as part of our overall risk management strategy, which is primarily focused on our exposure in relation to the Chinese Renminbi, Euro, Swiss Franc, Japanese Yen, Singapore Dollar and Korean Won. As of September 30, 2024, after weighing the costs and benefits of hedging foreign exchange risks on our global balance sheets, we paused our balance sheet hedging program indefinitely. We continue to analyze these risks and the costs and benefits inherent in a hedging program.
Interest Rate Risks
As of March 31, 2025, our total borrowings include variable rate borrowings, which expose us to changes in interest rates. In November 2019, we entered into an interest rate swap contract, amended on March 20, 2023, to limit the exposure of our variable interest rate debt by effectively converting a portion of interest payments to fixed interest rate debt. The interest rate swap expired on September 24, 2024. On February 23, 2022, we entered into an interest rate cap (the “Cap”), amended on March 20, 2023, with an effective date of July 1, 2023. On September 1, 2024, we increased the notional amount from $500 million to $1,500 million. If we had not effectively hedged our variable rate debt, a change in the interest rate of 100 basis points on these variable rate borrowings would have resulted in additional interest expense of $7 million and $23 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended March 31, 2025.
Item 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The Company’s management evaluated, with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer, the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The Company’s disclosure controls were designed to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in reports that we file or submit under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the rules and forms of the Securities and Exchange Commission. It should be noted that the design of any system of controls is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events, and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions, regardless of how remote. However, the controls have been designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving the controls’ stated goals. Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of the end of the period covered by this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
No changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) were implemented during the Company’s most recently completed fiscal quarter that have materially affected or are reasonably likely to materially affect the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
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Table of Contents
Part II – Other Information
Item 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
The Company and its subsidiaries are involved from time to time in various claims, lawsuits, and regulatory proceedings incidental to its business. The resolution of each of these matters is subject to various uncertainties, and it is possible that these matters may be resolved unfavorably to the Company. Management believes, after consulting with legal counsel, that the ultimate liabilities, if any, resulting from these legal and regulatory proceedings will not materially affect the Company’s financial condition, liquidity or results of operations.
Item 1A. RISK FACTORS
The following risks update and supplement the risk factors set forth in Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2024. Please refer to Part I, Item 1A. Risk Factors in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended June 30, 2024, for other risks related to our business.
We may be unable to successfully implement our acquisitions strategy, integrate acquired companies and personnel with existing operations, or capitalize on any decision to strategically divest one or more current businesses.
We have completed acquisitions and divestitures in the past, including most recently the acquisition of Coherent, Inc. in July 2022. We expect to expand and diversify our operations with additional acquisitions, but we may be unable to identify or complete prospective acquisitions for many reasons, including increasing competition from other potential acquirers, the effects of consolidation in our industries, and potentially high valuations of acquisition candidates. In addition, applicable competition laws and other regulations may limit our ability to acquire targets, integrate businesses, or force us to divest an acquired business line. If we are unable to identify suitable targets or complete acquisitions, our growth prospects may suffer, and we may not be able to realize sufficient scale and technological advantages to compete effectively in all markets.
To the extent that we complete acquisitions, we may be unsuccessful in integrating acquired companies or product lines with existing operations, or the integration may be more difficult or more costly than anticipated.
We incurred substantial expenses related to the acquisition of Coherent, Inc. and we continue to incur substantial expenses related to the integration of Coherent, Inc. and its subsidiaries. Some of the risks that may affect our ability to integrate or realize anticipated benefits from acquired companies, businesses, or assets include those associated with:
•a significant negative financial result from the acquired company relative to our pre-acquisition expectations;
•unexpected losses of key employees of the acquired company;
•standardizing the combined company’s standards, processes, procedures, and controls, including integrating enterprise resource planning systems and other key business applications;
•coordinating new product and process development;
•increasing complexity from combining operations;
•increasing the scope, geographic diversity, and complexity of our operations;
•difficulties in consolidating facilities and transferring processes and know-how;
•diversion of management’s attention from other business concerns; and
•actions we may take in connection with acquisitions, such as:
◦using a significant portion of our available cash;
◦issuing equity securities, which would dilute current shareholders’ percentage ownership;
◦incurring significant debt;
◦incurring or assume contingent liabilities, known or unknown, including potential lawsuits, infringement actions, or similar liabilities;
◦incurring impairment charges related to goodwill or other intangibles; and
◦facing antitrust or other regulatory inquiries or actions.
In addition, the market prices of our outstanding securities could be adversely affected if the effect of any acquisitions on our consolidated financial results is dilutive or is below the market’s or financial analysts’ expectations, or if there are unanticipated
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changes in the business or financial performance of the acquired or combined company. Any failure to successfully integrate acquired businesses may disrupt our business and adversely impact our business, results of operations, or financial condition.
We also continually assess the strategic fit of our business and have from time to time divested portions of our business that are not deemed to fit with our strategic plan. Divestitures involve significant risks and uncertainties, such as ability to sell such businesses on satisfactory price and terms and in a timely manner (including long and costly sales processes and the possibility of lengthy and potentially unsuccessful attempts by a buyer to receive required regulatory approvals), or at all, disruption to other parts of the businesses and distraction of management, allocation of internal resources that would otherwise be devoted to completing strategic acquisitions, loss of key employees or customers, exposure to unanticipated liabilities (including, among other things, those arising from representations and warranties made to a buyer regarding the businesses) or ongoing obligations to support the businesses following such divestitures, and other adverse financial impacts.
Our future success depends on continued international sales, and our global operations are complex and present multiple challenges to manage.
We anticipate that international sales will continue to account for a significant portion of our revenues for the foreseeable future. The failure to maintain our current volume of international sales could materially affect our business, results of operations, financial condition, and/or cash flows.
The global nature of our business subjects us to a number of risks and uncertainties, which have had in the past and could in the future have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. These include domestic and international economic and political conditions in countries in which we and our suppliers and manufacturers do business, government lockdowns to control case spread of global or local health issues, differing legal standards with respect to protection of IP and employment practices, different domestic and international customs and business and cultural practices, disruptions to capital markets, counter-inflation policies, currency fluctuations, natural disasters, acts of war or other military actions, terrorism, public health issues, restrictions on international trade, such as tariffs, sanctions, and other controls on imports or exports, and catastrophic events. In addition, multiple complex issues may arise concurrently in different countries, potentially hampering our ability to respond in an effective and timely manner. Any inability to respond in an effective and timely manner to issues in our global operations could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, or financial condition.
We may fail to accurately estimate the size and growth rate of our markets and our customers’ demands.
We make significant decisions based on our estimates of customer requirements. We use our estimates to determine the levels of business we seek and accept, production schedules, personnel needs, and other resource requirements.
Customers may require rapid increases in production on short notice. We may not be able to purchase sufficient supplies or allocate sufficient manufacturing capacity to meet such increases in demand. Rapid customer ramp-up and significant increases in demand may strain our resources or negatively affect our margins. Inability to satisfy customer demand in a timely manner may harm our reputation, reduce our other opportunities, damage our relationships with customers, reduce revenue growth, and/or cause us to incur contractual penalties.
Alternatively, downturns in the industries in which we compete, or changes in technology, may cause our customers to significantly and abruptly reduce their demand, or even cancel orders. For example, the artificial intelligence industry is rapidly evolving, with continuous improvements in algorithms, software efficiencies and hardware capabilities. Emerging AI technologies may allow for complex AI operations to be executed with significantly less computing power than is currently required. This reduction in computational intensity could decrease the demand for services provided by AI datacenters that are our customers. Shifts like these have an adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition, as we base many of our operating decisions including, but not limited to, those regarding manufacturing capacity and staffing, and enter into purchase commitments, on the basis of anticipated revenue trends. With respect to orders we initiate with our suppliers to address anticipated demand from our customers, certain suppliers may have required noncancellable purchase commitments or advance payments from us, and those obligations and commitments could reduce our ability to adjust our inventory or expense levels to reflect declining market demands. Unexpected declines in customer demands can result in excess or obsolete inventory and additional charges. Because certain of our sales, research and development, and internal manufacturing overhead expenses are relatively fixed, a reduction in customer demand likely would decrease our gross margins and operating income.
Increases in commodity prices and diminished availability of rare earth minerals and noble gases may adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
We are exposed to a variety of market risks, including the effects of increases in commodity prices and diminished availability of rare earth minerals and noble gases. Our businesses purchase, produce, and sell raw materials based upon quoted market prices from minor metal exchanges. Trade disputes, geopolitical tensions, economic circumstances, or political conditions may limit our ability to obtain certain materials. Although rare earth and other materials are generally available from multiple suppliers, China is the predominant producer of certain of these materials. China recently imposed export restrictions on certain
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rare earth minerals such as yttrium and germanium, which disrupted and may continue to disrupt global supply chains, driving up costs. The effect of these actions on the market on these critical rare earth minerals could have a material impact on the cost and availability of such minerals, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. The negative impact from increases in commodity prices and diminished availability of rare earth minerals and noble gases might not be recovered through our product sales, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
Significant political, trade, regulatory developments, and other circumstances beyond our control, including as a result of recently announced tariffs, could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations.
We operate globally and plan to sell our products in countries throughout the world. Significant political, trade, or regulatory developments in the jurisdictions in which we sell our products are difficult to predict and may have a material adverse effect on us. Similarly, changes in U.S. federal policy that affect the geopolitical landscape could give rise to circumstances outside our control that could have negative impacts on our business operations. For example, in early 2025, the United States implemented significant new tariffs on foreign imports impacting multiple countries, commodities and industries, and these new tariffs and export restrictions also prompted retaliatory tariffs and export restrictions from certain countries. As of April 2025, certain tariffs and retaliatory tariffs have been delayed, but a number of the new tariffs remain in effect, including significant tariffs and trade sanctions between the United States and China. Historically, tariffs have led to increased trade and political tensions and, to date, the outcome of the negotiations between the United States and the various countries is not yet clear. Political tensions as a result of trade policies could reduce trade volume, investment, technological exchange and other economic activities between major international economies, resulting in a material adverse effect on global economic conditions and the stability of global financial markets. Any changes in political, trade, regulatory, and economic conditions, including U.S. trade policies, could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations.
Inflation and increased borrowing costs could impact our cash flows and profitability.
Prolonged periods of inflation have the potential to adversely affect our business, results of operations, financial condition and liquidity by increasing our overall cost structure, particularly if we are unable to achieve commensurate increases in the prices we charge our customers. The existence of inflation in the economy has and may continue to result in higher interest rates and capital costs, supply shortages, increased costs of labor and other similar effects. Further, world events such as the imposition of global trade tariffs or conflict between Russia and Ukraine could affect inflationary trends. As a result of inflation, we have experienced and may continue to experience, increases in our costs associated with operating our business including labor, equipment and other inputs. Additionally, our borrowing costs, including those under our current credit agreement, dated as of July 1, 2022, by and among us, the lenders and other parties thereto, and JP Morgan Chase Bank, NA, as administrative agent and collateral agent (as amended, restated, supplemented and/or otherwise modified from time to time, the “Credit Agreement”), increase or decrease (i.e., “float”) based on interest rate benchmarks. As governments increase interest rate benchmarks to combat inflation, our borrowing costs increase. Although we may take measures to mitigate the impact of this inflation through pricing actions, efficiency gains and interest rate hedging, if these measures are not effective, our business, results of operations, financial position and liquidity could be materially adversely affected. Even if such measures are effective, there could be a difference between the timing of when these beneficial actions impact our results of operations and when the cost of inflation is incurred.
Actions that we have taken, or may take in the future, to restructure our business in alignment with our strategic priorities may not be as effective as anticipated.
We have taken in the past, and may continue to take in the future, certain actions to restructure our business in alignment with management’s strategic priorities, including the plans discussed under the heading “Trends and Other Matters Affecting our Business” in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. While such plans and other proactive cost reduction measures are intended to realign our cost structure as part of a transformation to a simpler, more streamlined, resilient and sustainable business model, we may encounter challenges in the execution of these efforts that could prevent us from recognizing the intended benefits of such efforts, including, but not limited to, higher than anticipated costs in implementing planned workforce reductions, particularly in highly regulated locations outside the United States; higher than anticipated lease termination and facility closure costs; employee attrition beyond our intended reduction in force; and decreased employee morale among our remaining employees; diversion of management attention; adverse effects to our reputation as an employer which could make it more difficult for us to hire new employees in the future; loss of the institutional knowledge and expertise of departing employees; failure to maintain adequate controls and procedures while executing, and subsequent to completing, such restructuring plans; and potential failure or delays to meet operational and growth targets due to the loss of qualified employees.
If we experience any of these adverse consequences, the restructuring plans and other cost reduction initiatives that we have in the past undertaken, and may in the future undertake, may not achieve or sustain the intended benefits. Our failure to achieve
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the expected results from such restructuring plans and other cost reduction initiatives for any reason also could lead to the implementation of additional restructuring-related activities in the future, which may exacerbate these risks or introduce n
Item 5. OTHER INFORMATION
During the three months ended March 31, 2025, no director or officer (as defined in Rule 16a-1(f) of the Exchange Act) of the Company adopted, modified, or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading agreement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading agreement,” as each term is defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K.
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Item 6. EXHIBITS

|  |  |  | Incorporated herein by reference
Exhibit No. |  |  |  | Form |  | Exhibit No. |  | Filing Date |  | File No.
31.01* |  | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
31.02* |  | Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
32.01* |  | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and 18 U.S.C. § 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
32.02* |  | Certification of the Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and 18 U.S.C. § 1350 as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
101.INS |  | Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the interactive data file because XBRL tags are embedded within the inline XBRL document |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
101.SCH |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
101.CAL |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
101.LAB |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
101.DEF |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
101.PRE |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File - the cover page interactive data file does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

* Filed herewith
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

| Coherent Corp.
| (Registrant)
Date: May 7, 2025 | By: | /s/ James R. Anderson
|  | James R. Anderson Chief Executive Officer
Date: May 7, 2025 | By: | /s/ Sherri Luther
|  | Sherri Luther Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer

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