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Income Taxes
 6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Income Taxes
Our tax provision for interim periods is determined using an estimated annual effective tax rate, adjusted for discrete items arising in that quarter. In each quarter, we update the estimated annual effective tax rate and make a year-to-date adjustment to the provision. The estimated annual effective tax rate is subject to volatility due to several factors, including variability in accurately predicting our pre-tax income or loss and the mix of jurisdictions to which they relate, intercompany transactions, changes in how we do business, and tax law developments.
Our effective tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 differs from the U.S. federal statutory tax rate of 21% primarily due to the base-erosion and anti-abuse tax ("BEAT") mainly arising as a result of mandatory R&D capitalization under the IRC Section 174, losses that cannot be benefited due to the valuation allowance on U.S., Denmark, and United Kingdom ("U.K.") entities, and to a lesser extent, foreign earnings taxed at different tax rates. Our effective tax rate for the three and six months ended June 30, 2021 differs from the U.S. federal statutory tax rate of 21% primarily due to foreign earnings taxed at different tax rates, credits and losses that cannot be benefited due to the valuation allowance on U.S. and Denmark entities, the tax benefit from stock-based compensation activities during the period, and the tax impact related to the U.K. corporate tax rate change, effective April 1, 2023, that was enacted during the three months ended June 30, 2021.
The realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of sufficient taxable income of the appropriate character in future periods. We regularly assess the ability to realize our deferred tax assets and establish a valuation allowance if it is more-likely-than-not that some portion of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. In performing this assessment with respect to each jurisdiction, we review all available positive and negative evidence. Primarily due to our history of losses, we believe that it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets of our U.S. federal, certain state, Denmark, U.K., and certain non-U.S. jurisdictions will not be realized and as such, we have maintained a full valuation allowance against such deferred tax assets.
As of June 30, 2022, we had $134.7 million of gross unrecognized tax benefits, of which $12.1 million would impact the effective tax rate, if recognized. It is reasonably possible that the amount of unrecognized tax benefits as of June 30, 2022 could increase or decrease significantly as the timing of the resolution, settlement, and closure of audits is highly uncertain. However, we believe that it is reasonably possible the amount of unrecognized tax benefits could decrease by $1.7 million in the next 12 months due to the lapse of statutes of limitation. We believe that we have adequately provided for any reasonably foreseeable outcome related to our tax audits and that any settlement will not have a material impact on our financial condition and operating results at this time.