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SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | 3 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2025
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES | 2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES Basis of Accounting—The accompanying consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”) and include the accounts of us and our subsidiaries. These financial statements and related notes should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. Principles of Consolidation—We consolidate all entities in which we have a controlling financial interest and control over significant operating decisions. All adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. The ownership interest of other investors in the Company’s consolidated subsidiaries is recorded as non-controlling interest. We use the equity method of accounting for investments in entities in which we exercise significant influence but which do not meet the requirements for consolidation. Under the equity method, we record our proportionate share of the underlying net income (loss) of these entities, or under the HLBV method, as applicable. Use of Estimates—The preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Reclassifications—Certain amounts from prior periods in the Company’s consolidated financial statements have been reclassified to align with the presentation in the current period. Risks and Uncertainties—In the normal course of business, we encounter several significant types of economic risk including credit, market, and capital market risks. Credit risk is the risk of the inability or unwillingness of a lessee or customer to make contractually required payments or to fulfill its other contractual obligations. Market risk reflects the risk of a downturn or volatility in the underlying industry segments in which we operate, which could adversely impact the pricing of the services offered by us or a lessee’s or customer’s ability to make payments, increase the risk of unscheduled lease terminations and depress lease rates and the value of our leasing equipment or operating assets. Capital market risk is the risk that we are unable to obtain capital at reasonable rates to fund the growth of our business or to refinance existing debt facilities. We, through our subsidiaries, also conduct operations outside of the United States; such international operations are subject to the same risks as those associated with our United States operations as well as additional risks, including unexpected changes in regulatory requirements, heightened risk of political and economic instability, potentially adverse tax consequences and the burden of complying with foreign laws. We do not have significant exposure to foreign currency risk as all of our leasing arrangements are denominated in U.S. dollars. Cash and Cash Equivalents—We consider all highly liquid short-term investments with a maturity of 90 days or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. Inventory, net—We hold aircraft engines, engine modules, spare parts and used material inventory for sale. At times inventory is transferred to leasing equipment in connection with a rebuilt engine or engine repair. Inventory is carried at the lower of cost or net realizable value on our consolidated balance sheets. Revenues—Revenues are within the scope of ASC 842, Leases, and ASC 606, Revenue from contracts with customers. We have elected to exclude sales and other similar taxes from revenues. Operating Leases—We lease equipment pursuant to operating leases. Operating leases with fixed rentals and step rentals are recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease, assuming no renewals. Revenue is not recognized when collection is not reasonably assured. When collectability is not reasonably assured, the lessee is placed on non-accrual status and revenue is recognized when cash payments are received. Generally, under our aircraft lease and engine agreements, the lessee is required to make periodic maintenance payments calculated based on the lessee’s utilization of the leased asset or at the end of the lease. Typically, under our aircraft lease agreements, the lessee is responsible for maintenance, repairs and other operating expenses throughout the term of the lease. These periodic maintenance payments accumulate over the term of the lease to fund major maintenance events, and we are contractually obligated to return maintenance payments to the lessee up to the cost of maintenance events paid by the lessee. In the event the total cost of maintenance events over the term of a lease is less than the cumulative maintenance payments, we are not required to return any unused or excess maintenance payments to the lessee. Maintenance payments received for which we expect to repay to the lessee are presented as current and non-current Maintenance deposits in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. All excess maintenance payments received that we do not expect to repay to the lessee are recorded as Maintenance revenue on our Consolidated Statements of Operations. Estimates in recognizing revenue include mean time between removal, projected costs for engine maintenance and forecasted utilization of aircraft which are affected by historical usage patterns and overall industry, market and economic conditions. Significant changes to these estimates could have a material effect on the amount of revenue recognized in the period. Finance Leases—From time to time we enter into finance lease arrangements that include a lessee obligation to purchase the leased equipment at the end of the lease term, a bargain purchase option, or provides for minimum lease payments with a present value that equals or exceeds substantially all of the fair value of the leased equipment at the date of lease inception. Net investment in finance leases represents the minimum lease payments due from lessee, net of unearned income. The lease payments are segregated into principal and interest components similar to a loan. Unearned income is recognized on an effective interest method over the lease term and is recorded as lease income. The principal component of the lease payment is reflected as a reduction to the net investment in finance leases. Revenue is not recognized when collection is not reasonably assured. When collectability is not reasonably assured, the lessee is placed on non-accrual status and revenue is recognized when cash payments are received. Asset sales revenue—Asset sales revenue primarily consists of the transaction price related to the sale of aircraft and aircraft engines from our Aviation Leasing segment. From time to time, the Company may also assign the related lease agreements to the customer as part of the sale of these assets. We routinely sell leasing equipment to customers, and such transactions are considered recurring and ordinary in nature to our business. As such, these sales are accounted for within the scope of ASC 606. Revenue is recognized when a performance obligation is satisfied by transferring control of an asset to the customer, along with corresponding costs of sales. Aerospace products revenue—Aerospace products revenue primarily consists of the transaction price related to the sale of CFM56-5B, CFM56-7B and V2500 engines, engine modules, spare parts and used material inventory, and are accounted for within the scope of ASC 606. Revenue is recognized gross when a performance obligation is satisfied by transferring control over the related asset to a customer along with corresponding costs of sales. Aerospace products revenue also consists of engine management service contracts, where the Company has a stand-ready obligation to provide replacement CFM56-5B and CFM56-7B engines to customers as they become unserviceable during the contract term. The Company recognizes revenue over time using a straight-line attribution method and the costs related to fulfilling the performance obligation are expensed as incurred. Other Income—On December 30, 2024, we announced the launch of a Strategic Capital Initiative in partnership with third-party institutional investors. The first partnership under the initiative (the “2025 Partnership”) focuses on acquiring 737NG and A320ceo aircraft. As part of this transaction, the 2025 Partnership committed to acquire 45 on-lease narrowbody aircraft from us (the “Seed Assets”) and has signed an agreement through which our Maintenance, Repair and Exchange (“MRE”) business will provide replacement aircraft engines and modules for the life of the 2025 Partnership. Four of the aircraft were sold for a gain of $10.9 million, which was recognized within other income during the three months ended March 31, 2025. The aircraft sales (and the remaining 41 aircraft to be sold) are accounted for under ASC 610-20, Other Income — Gains and Losses from the Derecognition of Nonfinancial Assets, as they are non-recurring in nature and not considered part of the Company’s ordinary activities. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, the Company received $30.1 million in insurance recoveries in connection with the settlement of claims related to the aircraft and engines located in Russia and recorded the gain within other income. Concentration of Credit Risk—We are subject to concentrations of credit risk with respect to amounts due from customers and lessees. We attempt to limit our credit risk by performing ongoing credit evaluations. We earned 19% of our revenue from one customer in the Aerospace Products segment during the three months ended March 31, 2025. No single customer or lessee accounted for greater than 10% of total revenue during the three months ended March 31, 2024 As of March 31, 2025 there was one customer in the Aerospace Products segment that represented 31% of total accounts receivable, net. As of December 31, 2024, no single customer or lessee accounted for greater than 10% of total accounts receivable, net. We maintain cash and restricted cash balances, which generally exceed federally insured limits, and subject us to credit risk, in high credit quality financial institutions. We monitor the financial condition of these institutions and have not experienced any losses associated with these accounts. Allowance for Doubtful Ac counts—We determine the allowance for doubtful accounts based on our assessment of the collectability of our leasing receivables on a lessee-by-lessee basis. The allowance for doubtful accounts was $75.1 million and $74.9 million as of March 31, 2025 and December 31, 2024, respectively. We determine the credit loss reserve for note receivables, receivables related to finance leases and inventory sales. There was a provision for credit losses of $0.2 million and $0.0 million for the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, respectively, included in operating expenses. Receivables are written off after all reasonable means to collect the full amount have been exhausted. Other Current Assets—Other current assets are summarized as follows:
| March 31, 2025 (unaudited) |  | December 31, 2024
Notes receivable | $ | 206,388 |  |  | $ | 165,338 |
Contract asset from the 2025 Partnership | 31,498 |  |  | — |
Prepaid expenses including prepayments for maintenance that has not yet been incurred | 65,426 |  |  | 87,323 |
Purchase deposits | 45,084 |  |  | 83,229 |
Financing receivable resulting from failed sale-leaseback transactions | 35,689 |  |  | 32,486 |
Other | 39,251 |  |  | 40,547 |
Other current assets | $ | 423,336 |  |  | $ | 408,923 |
Other Non-Current Assets—Other non-current assets are summarized as follows:
| March 31, 2025 (unaudited) |  | December 31, 2024
Lease incentives | $ | 49,425 |  |  | $ | 56,812 |
Deferred tax assets | 39,656 |  |  | 42,893 |
Financing receivable resulting from failed sale-leaseback transactions | 26,519 |  |  | 28,412 |
Maintenance right assets | 26,646 |  |  | 25,907 |
Other | 50,110 |  |  | 54,406 |
Other non-current assets | $ | 192,356 |  |  | $ | 208,430 |
Assets Held for Sale—We classify assets as held for sale when the Company commits to a plan to sell and it is probable that the sale will be completed within one year. These assets are recorded at the lower of their carrying value or fair market value, less costs to sell, starting from the period in which they meet the criteria for this classification. The Company expects to sell the remaining 41 Seed Assets to the 2025 Partnership and has classified them as held for sale. Upon reclassification, depreciation of the long-lived assets within the disposal group ceased, and the related assets and liabilities were transferred to assets held for sale and liabilities held for sale, respectively. The sales are expected to be completed in the second quarter of 2025. The assets and liabilities include the aircraft previously classified as leasing equipment, as well as related intangible assets and liabilities, and maintenance and security deposit liabilities. The sale of the 45 Seed Assets is treated as a single transaction and one disposal group under ASC 360, Property, plant and equipment, with the aggregate purchase price for Seed Assets, less costs to sell, exceeding the disposal group’s net book value. Assets and liabilities held for sale are summarized as follows (unaudited):
| March 31, 2025
Leasing equipment, net | $ | 437,546 |
Intangible assets, net | 22,024 |
Other non-current assets | 6,155 |
Assets held for sale | $ | 465,725 |
Current maintenance deposits | $ | 32,536 |
Current security deposits | 390 |
Non-current maintenance deposits | 13,156 |
Non-current security deposits | 11,001 |
Other non-current liabilities | 19,413 |
Liabilities held for sale | $ | 76,496 |
Dividends—Dividends are recorded if and when declared by the Board of Directors. For the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024, the Board of Directors declared cash dividends of $0.30 per ordinary share. Additionally, in the quarter ended March 31, 2025, the Board of Directors declared cash dividends on the Series C Preferred Shares and Series D Preferred Shares of $0.52 and $0.59 per share, respectively. Cash Flow Presentation—Included in net cash (used in) provided by operating activities are inflows from the sale of engine modules and parts that were on engines originally purchased and reported as leasing equipment, net. The purchase of the original engine was reported as an outflow in net cash used in investing activities at the time of purchase through the acquisition of leasing equipment line item. As part of the aerospace products business, the Company breaks down generally unserviceable engines with the intent to manufacture modules and parts for creation and sale of new assets. To manufacture the modules and parts and bring them into a salable condition, the Company spends significant costs, often over multiple reporting periods, for new inventory and capitalizable labor (e.g., engineering) that are included in net cash (used in) provided by operating activities as components of the changes in the related working capital accounts. Therefore, when the costs to manufacture the assets are greater than (predominant to) the estimated value transferred from leasing equipment into inventory, the related cash receipt has been recorded as an inflow in net cash (used in) provided by operating activities. Additionally, the Company buys inventory from third parties with the intent to use the parts in the manufacturing of the items discussed above, which is reported as an outflow in net cash (used in) provided by operating activities. When rebuilding whole engines for resale, for which the cash inflow upon sale is reported as a cash inflow from investing activities, the Company will transfer modules and parts needed (those purchased from third parties as well as parts from engines previously transferred to inventory from leasing equipment and rebuilt as discussed above) in the rebuild from inventory to leasing equipment. With respect to purchases of aircraft and engines, when the expected predominant source of cash inflows from the acquired leasing equipment at the time of acquisition is from leasing activities, the related cash outflow is reported as outflows in net cash used in investing activities. When the expected predominant source of cash inflows is from sales transactions, the related cash outflow is reported as outflows in net cash (used in) provided by operating activities. The cash and noncash related activities described above during the three months ended March 31, 2025 and 2024 are detailed below (unaudited):
| Three Months Ended March 31,
(in thousands) | 2025 |  | 2024
Cost of modules and parts sold sourced from engines originally within leasing equipment | $ | 10,130 |  |  | $ | 12,752 |
Transfers of engines from leasing equipment to inventory for manufacturing and sale | 67,815 |  |  | 32,429 |
Transfers of inventory to leasing equipment for rebuilding and sale of engines | (85,928) |  |  | (40,267) |
Total outflows related to manufacturing modules and parts - included in net cash (used in) provided by operating activities | (159,607) |  |  | (42,771) |
Cash received for assets sold sourced from leasing equipment - inflow included in cash (used in) provided by operating activities | 21,182 |  |  | 20,050 |
Cash received for sales of leasing equipment that include components sourced from inventory - inflow included in cash used in investing activities | 145,450 |  |  | 43,898 |
Cash paid for engine and aircraft inventory - outflow included in cash provided by (used in) operating activities | (15,835) |  |  | — |

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