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Income Taxes
 9 Months Ended
Oct. 31, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Income Taxes
Our tax provision or benefit from income taxes for interim periods is determined using an estimate of our annual effective tax rate as prescribed under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 740, “Income Taxes”, adjusted for discrete items, if any, that are taken into account in the relevant period. Each quarter, we update our estimate of the annual effective tax rate, and if our estimated tax rate changes, we make a cumulative adjustment, which results in a provision or benefit from income taxes in current or subsequent quarters. There were no material discrete items in the quarter.

Our income tax benefit and income tax provision was $3.0 million and $1.8 million for the three months ended October 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The income tax benefit of $3.0 million for the three months ended October 31, 2023 is primarily due to changes in the forecasted annual effective tax rate. Our income tax provision was $17.2 million and $7.0 million for the nine months ended October 31, 2023 and 2022, respectively. The increase in income tax expense in the current year is a result of higher pre-tax income and limitations on net operating losses allowed to reduce taxable income.

We review the likelihood that we will realize the benefit of our deferred tax assets and, therefore, the need for valuation allowances, on a quarterly basis. We maintain a valuation allowance against certain deferred tax assets, including all U.S. consolidated group deferred tax assets and certain foreign deferred tax assets as a result of our history of losses in the U.S. and certain foreign jurisdictions, and the variability and uncertainty of our operating results. In the event we determine our deferred tax assets are realizable based on our assessment of relevant factors, an adjustment to the valuation allowance may increase income in the period such determination is made.
As of October 31, 2023, our gross unrecognized tax benefits totaled $57.0 million, excluding related accrued interest and penalties, of which $10.5 million would impact the effective tax rate if recognized. Our policy is to account for interest and penalties related to uncertain tax positions as a component of income tax provision. We do not expect material changes to our gross unrecognized tax benefits within the next 12 months.

We are subject to taxation in the U.S. and various foreign jurisdictions. Our tax years from inception in 2003 through October 31, 2023 remain subject to examination by U.S. and California taxing authorities, as well as taxing authorities in various other state and foreign jurisdictions. We are under examination by the Irish Revenue Commissioners for the period February 1, 2020 through January 31, 2021. We are not under examination in any other material jurisdictions. We believe that adequate amounts have been reserved in all jurisdictions.