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Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2018
Income Taxes  
Income (loss) from operations before income taxes

The provision for income taxes is based on income (loss) before provision for income taxes as follows (in thousands):

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

 

    

2018

    

2017

    

2016

 

U.S.

 

$

478,050

 

$

36,493

 

$

272,574

 

Non-U.S.

 

 

(362,703)

 

 

(348,783)

 

 

(165,170)

 

Income (loss) before provision for income taxes

 

$

115,347

 

$

(312,290)

 

$

107,404

 

 

Schedule of provision (benefit) for income taxes

Our provision for income taxes consists of the following (in thousands):

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

 

    

2018

    

2017

    

2016

 

Current:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

State

 

$

5,010

 

$

486

 

$

2,700

 

Foreign

 

 

1,303

 

 

1,171

 

 

482

 

 

 

 

6,313

 

 

1,657

 

 

3,182

 

Deferred:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

State

 

 

111

 

 

(805)

 

 

 —

 

Foreign

 

 

(570)

 

 

 —

 

 

 —

 

 

 

 

(459)

 

 

(805)

 

 

 —

 

Total provision for income taxes

 

$

5,854

 

$

852

 

$

3,182

 

 

Schedule of reconciliation of income taxes at the U.S. federal statutory rate to the provision for income taxes

A reconciliation of income taxes at the U.S. federal statutory rate to the provision for income taxes is as follows (in thousands):

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

 

    

2018

    

2017

    

2016

 

Provision (benefit) at U.S. federal statutory rate1

 

$

24,223

 

$

(109,302)

 

$

37,591

 

Unbenefited net operating losses and tax credits

 

 

(51,861)

 

 

(99,254)

 

 

(47,410)

 

Excess tax benefits related to share-based compensation

 

 

(8,233)

 

 

(81,021)

 

 

(29,541)

 

Deferred tax impact of Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017

 

 

 —

 

 

196,751

 

 

 —

 

Foreign tax rate differential

 

 

37,061

 

 

86,777

 

 

39,975

 

Non-deductible officer compensation

 

 

4,114

 

 

6,351

 

 

2,061

 

Other

 

 

550

 

 

550

 

 

506

 

Provision for income taxes

 

$

5,854

 

$

852

 

$

3,182

 

 

Schedule of significant components of deferred tax assets and liabilities

Significant components of our deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows (in thousands):

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

December 31,

 

 

  

2018

  

2017

 

Deferred tax assets:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net operating loss carry forwards

 

$

148,142

 

$

259,189

 

Federal and state research credits

 

 

402,798

 

 

333,311

 

Capitalized research and development

 

 

53,871

 

 

37,044

 

Deferred revenue and accruals

 

 

9,443

 

 

11,721

 

Non-cash compensation

 

 

58,194

 

 

44,647

 

Acquisition-related contingent consideration

 

 

43,676

 

 

41,831

 

Intangibles, net

 

 

93,730

 

 

94,249

 

Long term investments

 

 

23,621

 

 

12,244

 

Other

 

 

22,211

 

 

12,815

 

Total gross deferred tax assets

 

 

855,686

 

 

847,051

 

Less valuation allowance for deferred tax assets

 

 

(836,992)

 

 

(834,783)

 

Net deferred tax assets

 

$

18,694

 

$

12,268

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Deferred tax liabilities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Property and equipment

 

$

(17,424)

 

$

(11,463)

 

Total gross deferred tax liabilities

 

 

(17,424)

 

 

(11,463)

 

Net deferred income taxes

 

$

1,270

 

$

805

 

 

Schedule of operating loss and tax credit carryforwards

As of December 31, 2018, the Company has net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards, research and development credit carryforwards and orphan drug tax credit carryforwards as follows (in thousands):

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Amount

 

Expiring if not utilized

 

Net operating loss carryforwards

 

 

 

 

 

 

Federal

 

$

216,970

 

2034

 

State

 

 

343,022

 

2020 through 2037; indefinite

 

Foreign

 

 

757,312

 

2020 through 2025

 

Research and development credit carryforwards

 

 

 

 

 

 

Federal

 

 

197,400

 

2019 through 2038

 

State

 

 

25,247

 

2021 through 2032; indefinite

 

Orphan drug tax credit carryforwards

 

 

210,242

 

2029 through 2038

 

 

Unrecognized tax benefits

The following table summarizes the gross amounts of unrecognized tax benefits (in thousands):

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Year Ended December 31,

 

 

 

2018

 

2017

 

Balance at beginning of year

 

$

18,022

 

$

10,798

 

Additions related to prior periods tax positions

 

 

2,098

 

 

2,571

 

Reductions related to prior periods tax positions

 

 

 —

 

 

(821)

 

Additions related to current period tax positions

 

 

2,466

 

 

5,555

 

Reductions due to lapse of applicable statute of limitations

 

 

(130)

 

 

(81)

 

Currency translation adjustment

 

 

(61)

 

 

 —

 

Balance at end of year

 

$

22,395

 

$

18,022