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Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2021
Income Taxes  
Income (loss) from operations before income taxes The (benefit) provision for income taxes is based on income (loss) before (benefit) provision for income taxes as follows (in thousands):

Year Ended December 31,

    

2021

    

2020

    

2019

 

U.S.

$

991,873

$

(16,609)

$

712,486

Non-U.S.

 

(421,429)

 

(215,609)

 

(225,695)

Income (loss) before (benefit) provision for income taxes

$

570,444

$

(232,218)

$

486,791

Schedule of (benefit) provision for income taxes

Our (benefit) provision for income taxes consists of the following (in thousands):

Year Ended December 31,

    

2021

    

2020

    

2019

Current:

Federal

$

50,565

$

43,595

$

23,526

State

32,505

18,881

11,553

Foreign

 

4,397

 

1,353

 

5,183

87,467

63,829

40,262

Deferred:

Federal

(407,852)

State

(57,677)

(205)

Foreign

(75)

(350)

(172)

(465,604)

(350)

(377)

Total (benefit) provision for income taxes

$

(378,137)

$

63,479

$

39,885

Schedule of reconciliation of income taxes at the U.S. federal statutory rate to the (benefit) provision for income taxes

A reconciliation of income taxes at the U.S. federal statutory rate to the (benefit) provision for income taxes is as follows (in thousands):

Year Ended December 31,

    

2021

    

2020

    

2019

 

Provision (benefit) at U.S. federal statutory rate

$

119,793

$

(48,766)

$

102,226

State and local income taxes

34,461

(21,637)

15,109

Foreign tax rate differential

55,171

30,839

57,351

Income tax credits

(55,139)

(38,221)

(60,072)

Change in valuation allowance

(523,279)

158,815

(70,264)

Foreign-derived intangible income

(28,259)

(22,830)

(9,153)

Stock based compensation

15,497

2,802

(414)

Other

 

3,618

 

2,477

 

5,102

(Benefit) provision for income taxes

$

(378,137)

$

63,479

$

39,885

Schedule of significant components of deferred tax assets and liabilities

Significant components of our deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows (in thousands):

December 31,

  

2021

  

2020

 

Deferred tax assets:

Net operating loss carry forwards

$

137,935

$

128,088

Federal and state research credits

 

206,184

 

305,099

Capitalized research and development

 

59,247

 

43,806

Deferred revenue and accruals

 

42,326

 

27,467

Non-cash compensation

83,002

75,867

Acquisition-related contingent consideration

 

31,450

 

32,658

Intangibles, net

305,228

289,848

Long term investments

34,733

25,968

Other

 

15,991

 

26,422

Total gross deferred tax assets

 

916,096

 

955,223

Less valuation allowance for deferred tax assets

 

(408,180)

 

(930,209)

Net deferred tax assets

$

507,916

$

25,014

Deferred tax liabilities:

Property and equipment

$

(33,259)

$

(19,880)

Other

(7,119)

(3,080)

Total gross deferred tax liabilities

 

(40,378)

 

(22,960)

Net deferred tax assets

$

467,538

$

2,054

Schedule of operating loss and tax credit carryforwards

As of December 31, 2021, we had net operating loss (“NOL”) carryforwards, research and development credit carryforwards and orphan drug tax credit carryforwards as follows (in thousands):

Amount

Expiring if not utilized

Net operating loss carryforwards

State

$

296,112

2022 through 2041; indefinite

Foreign

1,422,407

2022 through 2028

Research and development credit carryforwards

Federal

114,595

2037 through 2041

State

21,062

2021 through 2040; indefinite

Orphan drug tax credit carryforwards

121,389

2036 through 2041

Unrecognized tax benefits The following table summarizes the gross amounts of unrecognized tax benefits (in thousands):

Year Ended December 31,

2021

 

2020

Balance at beginning of year

$

31,597

$

24,251

Additions related to prior periods tax positions

28,488

 

3,953

Reductions related to prior periods tax positions

(311)

(216)

Additions related to current period tax positions

3,042

 

4,119

Settlements

(95)

(201)

Reductions due to lapse of applicable statute of limitations

(288)

(397)

Currency translation adjustment

(74)

88

Balance at end of year

$

62,359

$

31,597