EX-1.2 3 ex1-2.htm EXHIBIT 1.2 - MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS ex1-2.htm
Exhibit 1.2











 

Management’s Discussion and Analysis
for the Year Ended December 31, 2013

 
 
 

 

 
 
 

 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS
 

 
Introduction
3
Core Business and Strategy
4
Highlights of 2013
5
2014 Operating Outlook
7
2014 Project Development Outlook
12
2013 Project Development Update
23
Overview of 2013 Financial Results
24
Investments and Investment Income
32
General and Administrative Expense
32
Related Party Transactions
33
Exploration and Project Development
33
Liquidity Position
34
Capital Resources
34
Financial Instruments
36
Closure and Decommissioning Cost Provision
37
Contractual Commitments and Contingencies
38
Minefinders Transaction
38
Purchase Price Allocation
38
Alternative Performance (non-GAAP) Measures
39
Risks and Uncertainties
43
Significanat Judgments and Key Sources of Estimation Uncertainty in the Application of Accounting Policies
51
Key Sources of Estimation Uncertainty in the Application of Accounting Policies
52
Changes in Accounting Standards
55
Governance Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Stewardship
56
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
58
Mineral Reserves and Resources
60
 
 
 

 

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

 
March 26, 2014
 
INTRODUCTION
 
Management’s discussion and analysis (“MD&A”) is intended to help the reader understand the significant factors that have affected Pan American Silver Corp.’s and its subsidiaries’ (“Pan American” or the “Company”) performance and such factors that may affect its future performance.  The MD&A should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Audited Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2013 and the related notes contained therein.  All amounts in this MD&A and in the consolidated financial statements are expressed in United States dollars (“USD”), unless identified otherwise.  The Company reports its financial position, results of operations and cash flows in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IFRS”).  Pan American’s significant accounting policies are set out in Note 2 of the Audited Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
This MD&A refers to various non-Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“non-GAAP”) measures, such as “all-in sustaining cost per silver ounce sold", “cash costs per ounce of silver”, “total cost per ounce of silver”, “adjusted earnings” and “basic adjusted earning per share”, which are used by the Company to manage and evaluate operating performance at each of the Company’s mines and are widely reported in the mining industry as benchmarks for performance, but do not have standardized meaning.  To facilitate a better understanding of these non-GAAP measures as calculated by the Company, additional information has been provided in this MD&A.  Please refer to the section entitled “Alternative Performance (Non-GAAP) Measures” beginning on page 40 for a detailed description of all-in sustaining cost per silver ounce sold, total cost per ounce of silver, adjusted earnings and basic adjusted earnings, as well as the cash cost calculation, details of the Company’s by-product credits and a reconciliation of this measure to the Audited Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
Any reference to “cash costs” or “cash costs per ounce of silver” in this MD&A should be understood to mean cash costs per ounce of silver, net of by-product credits.
 
Except for historical information contained in this MD&A, the following disclosures are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and forward-looking information within the meaning of applicable Canadian provincial securities laws or are future oriented financial information and as such are based on an assumed set of economic conditions and courses of action.  Please refer to the cautionary note regarding the risks associated with forward looking statements at the back of this MD&A and the “Risks Related to Pan American’s Business” contained in the Company’s most recent Form 40-F and Annual Information Form on file with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and the Canadian provincial securities regulatory authorities. Additional information about Pan American and its business activities, including its Annual Information Form, is available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com
 
The scientific or technical information in this MD&A, which includes mineral reserve and resource estimates for the Huaron, Morococha, Alamo Dorado, La Colorada, Dolores, Manantial Espejo, San Vicente, Pico Machay, La Bolsa and Calcatreu properties were based upon information prepared by or under the supervision of Michael Steinmann, P.Geo., Executive Vice President Geology & Exploration and Martin G. Wafforn, P.Eng., Vice President Technical Services, who are “Qualified Persons” for purposes of National Instrument 43-101 - Standards of Disclosure of Mineral Projects (“NI 43-101”).  Navidad resource estimates were prepared by Pamela De Mark,
 
 
 

 

P. Geo., Director, Resources who is also a Qualified Person for purposes of National Instrument 43-101.  Mineral resource estimates for Hog Heaven and Waterloo are based on historical third party estimates.
 
This MD&A includes estimates of future silver and other metal sale prices as well as production rates for silver and other metals, future cash and total costs of production at each of the Company’s properties, and capital expenditure forecast at each of the Company’s properties which are all forward-looking estimates. No assurance can be given that the forecasted sale prices of silver and other metals, quantities of silver and other metals will be produced, or that projected cash costs or forecast capital costs will be achieved.  Expected future metal prices, production, cash costs and capital costs are inherently uncertain and could materially change over time. The Company’s mineral production, cash costs, and capital expenditures may differ materially from the forecasts in this MD&A.  Readers should review those matters discussed herein under the heading “Risks and Uncertainties” and are advised to read the “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward Looking statements” contained herein.
 
CORE BUSINESS AND STRATEGY
 
Pan American engages in silver mining and related activities, including exploration, mine development, extraction, processing, refining and reclamation. The Company owns and operates silver mines located in Peru, Mexico, Argentina, and Bolivia. In addition, the Company is exploring for new silver deposits and opportunities throughout North and South America.  The Company is listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange (Symbol: PAA) and on the Nasdaq Global Select Market (“NASDAQ”) Exchange in New York (Symbol: PAAS).
 
Pan American’s vision is to be the world’s pre-eminent silver producer, with a reputation for excellence in discovery, engineering, innovation and sustainable development.  To achieve this vision, we base our business on the following strategy:
 
 
·
Generate sustainable profits and superior returns on investments through the safe, efficient and environmentally sound development and operation of silver assets
 
 
·
Constantly replace and grow our mineable silver reserves and resources through targeted near-mine exploration and global business development
 
 
·
Foster positive long term relationships with our employees, our shareholders, our communities and our local governments through open and honest communication and ethical and sustainable business practices
 
 
·
Continually search for opportunities to upgrade and improve the quality of our silver assets both internally and through acquisition
 
 
·
Encourage our employees to be innovative, responsive and entrepreneurial throughout our entire organization
 
To execute this strategy, Pan American has assembled a sector leading team of mining professionals with a depth of knowledge and experience in all aspects of our business that allows the Company to confidently advance early stage projects through construction and into operation.
 
Pan American is determined to conduct its business in a responsible and sustainable manner. Caring for the environment in which we operate, contributing to the long-term development of our host communities and ensuring that our employees can work in a safe and secure manner are core values at Pan American.  We are committed to maintaining positive relations with our
 
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employees, the local communities and the government agencies, all of whom we view as partners in our enterprise.
 
Pan American’s priority at every operation is the safety of our employees.  We believe that comprehensive and continuous training is fundamental to the safety of our employees. With our safety training and strictly enforced safety procedures, our goal is to continually improve our safety performance and remain industry leaders in the health and safety of our workers.
 
The Company recognizes that the skills, innovation and dedication of our employees and contractors are important drivers of our success. We also recognize the vital contribution they make to the economic prosperity of the communities in which we operate. As such, we offer leading career development opportunities, competitive remuneration, an engaging working environment and a supportive culture where fairness, respect, safety and diversity are valued and practiced.
 
The Company is committed to operating our mines and developing new projects in an environmentally responsible manner.  We have developed a comprehensive environmental policy, which all operations adhere to and apply to their short and long-term plans. This policy addresses topics that include water use and recycling, waste disposition, the research and use of alternative energies, compliance with required laws, closure requirements and education initiatives.  Each operation runs unique environmental programs according to its location, needs, resources and processes.  We have a proactive approach to minimizing and mitigating environmental impacts during all phases of the mining cycle from exploration through project development and into full mining operations. This is accomplished by applying prudent design and operating practices, continuous monitoring and by providing training and education for the employees and contractors who work at our facilities.
 
HIGHLIGHTS OF 2013
 
OPERATIONS & PROJECT DEVELOPMENT
 
·
Record Silver and Gold Production
 
Silver production was a record 26.0 million ounces in 2013, an increase of 4% over the 25.1 million ounces produced in 2012, while gold production also set a new Company record at 149,800 ounces, 33% higher than 2012 production. The increase in silver production was mainly attributable to a full year of production from the Dolores mine in Mexico, which was acquired upon the closing of the Minefinders transaction on March 30, 2012, augmented by higher silver production at all of Pan American’s mines, other than Manantial Espejo and Alamo Dorado, over 2012 levels. Gold production increases in 2013 were driven by a full year of production at Dolores and significantly higher grades at Manantial Espejo.
 
·
Disciplined Cost Control
 
An extensive range of operational optimizations and cost cutting initiatives were analysed and executed to realign the Company’s operational performance with the prevailing price environment and to ensure that we maintained our strong financial position. All-in sustaining cost per ounce of silver sold declined by 18% in 2013 relative the 2012, down $3.93 to $18.33 per ounce.  Cash costs were $10.81 for 2013 as compared to $12.03 in 2012 and well below management’s guidance range of $11.80 to $12.80 per silver ounce.
 
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·
Organic Growth
 
The Company decided to proceed with the expansion of its La Colorada mine in Mexico, based on the positive results of a recently completed Preliminary Economic Assessment (the "PEA").  The PEA demonstrates that the relatively low-risk expansion project has the potential to provide robust after-tax economic returns using a $19 per ounce long-term silver price. The PEA contemplates an increase in silver production from the current level of approximately 4.6 million ounces per year to 7.7 million ounces per year by the end of 2017, for an incremental capital investment of $80.0 million, the majority of which will be spent over the next 3 years.
 
·
Robust Proven and Probable Silver Mineral Reserves
 
A successful exploration and resource conversion program in 2013 more than replaced mineral reserves that were mined during the year.  As at December 31, 2013, Proven and Probable mineral reserves totalled 323.5 million ounces. For the complete breakdown of mineral reserves and resources by property and category, refer to the section “Mineral Reserves and Resources” contained herein.
 
FINANCIAL
 
·
Challenging Metal Price Environment
 
The mining industry generally and precious metal producers in particular were impacted by a sharp decline in metal prices in 2013.  The Company’s financial performance year over year was negatively affected by the decrease in silver and gold prices with reduced revenue and mine operating earnings as well as the triggering of impairment charges to certain mineral properties and goodwill.
 
·
Strong Operating Cash Flow, Liquidity, and Working Capital Position
 
Despite the decrease in metal prices, cash flow from operations was $119.6 million and together with its strong balance sheet liquidity, the Company was comfortably able to fund capital expenditures of $159.4 million during the year. The Company had cash and short term investment balances of $422.7 million and a working capital position of $689.0 million at December 31, 2013, a decrease of $119.6 million and $74.9 million, respectively, from a year ago.
 
·
Return of Value to Shareholders
 
Strong operating cash flow facilitated the continued return of value to shareholders in 2013 by way of approximately $75.8 million in dividend payments and $6.7 million of common share repurchases under the Company’s normal course issuer bid program. The Company received approval and commenced a third share repurchase program in late 2013, an initiative which started in September, 2011.  The Company’s quarterly dividend continues to be an industry-leading $0.125 per share or $0.50 on an annual basis.
 
·
Robust Revenue
 
Revenue in 2013 was $824.5 million, a decrease of 11% as compared to 2012 revenue, driven primarily by lower realized prices for silver and gold, and negative price and quantity adjustments of $25.4 million related to provisionally priced sales recorded in 2012, partially offset by record quantities of silver and gold sold.
 
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·
Margins and Earnings
 
The Company was able to achieve a gross margin (mine operating earnings/revenue) of 16% with mine operating earnings of $131.5 million in 2013, despite lower realized metal prices, negative price  and quantity adjustments of $25.4 million related to provisionally priced sales recorded in 2012 and a $13.0 million negative adjustment for the net realizable value of in-process inventories.  This compared to a gross margin of 33% achieved in 2012. A net loss was recorded in 2013 of $445.8 million or $2.94 per share, primarily due to impairment charges net of tax of $420.4 million and an $86.8 million deferred tax charge relating to Mexican tax reforms that included new taxes and changes to income tax rates.  This compared to net earnings of $78.4 million achieved in 2012.
 
2014 OPERATING OUTLOOK
 
These estimates are forward-looking statements and information that are subject to the cautionary note regarding the risks associated with forward-looking statements and information at the end of this MD&A.
 
The following tables set out management’s 2014 forecast for each operation’s silver production, cash and total costs per ounce, by-product production and expected capital investments. We also provide our expected consolidated all-in sustaining costs per silver ounce sold for 2014.
 
Silver Production, Cash and Total Costs Forecasts
 
   
Silver Production ounces million
 
Cash Costs
per ounce (1)
 
Total Costs
per ounce (1)
La Colorada
 
4.85 – 4.95
 
$9.00 – $9.50
 
$10.55 - $10.95
Alamo Dorado
 
3.75 – 3.80
 
$12.50 – $13.50
 
$16.27 - $17.27
Dolores
 
3.60 – 3.85
 
$12.25 – $14.25
 
$24.67 - $26.67
Huaron
 
3.40 – 3.50
 
$14.50 – $15.00
 
$18.15 - $18.65
Morococha
 
2.50 – 2.60
 
$15.00 – $16.50
 
$22.76 - $24.26
San Vicente
 
3.90 – 4.00
 
$12.50 – $13.00
 
$15.09 - $15.59
Manantial Espejo
 
3.75 – 4.05
 
$8.75 – $10.00
 
$24.32 - $25.57
Consolidated Total
 
25.75 – 26.75
 
$11.70 - $12.70
 
$18.48 - $19.49
 
(1)
Cash costs per ounce and total costs per ounce are non-GAAP measurements.  Please refer to section Alternative Performance (Non-GAAP) Measures for a detailed reconciliation of how these measures are calculated. The cash cost forecasts assume by-product credit prices of $1,850/tonne ($0.84lb) for zinc, $2,100/tonne ($0.95/lb.) for lead, $7,000/tonne ($3.18/lb.) for copper, and $1,200/oz. for gold.

The Company expects its seven mines to produce between 25.75 million and 26.75 million ounces of silver in 2014, similar to, or potentially a modest increase from 2013 production of 26.0 million ounces
 
Cash costs for the full year 2014 are expected to increase to between $11.70 and $12.70 per ounce of silver, net of by-product credits, which represents an increase of between 8% and 17% as compared to 2013 cash costs of $10.81 per ounce.  The largest factor behind this increase in cash costs is the lower assumed gold by-product credits in 2014 based on a gold price of $1,200 per ounce for estimating gold by-product credits, which is a 15% reduction compared to the average market price in 2013 of $1,411 per ounce.
 
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By-product Production Forecast (in thousands of ounce or tonnes)
 
   
Gold
ounces
 
Zinc
tonnes
 
Lead
 tonnes
 
Copper
 tonnes
La Colorada
 
2.6 –- 2.8
 
6.50 – 7.00
 
3.10 – 3.50
 
Alamo Dorado
 
17.0 – 19.0
 
 
 
0.07 – 0.07
Dolores
 
64.0 – 68.0
 
 
 
Huaron
 
0.6 – 1.2
 
13.50 – 14.00
 
5.35 – 5.70
 
3.35 – 3.55
Morococha
 
1.8 – 2.0
 
14.00 – 15.50
 
3.80 – 4.00
 
1.78 – 2.08
San Vicente
 
 
5.50 – 6.00
 
0.45 – 0.50
 
Manantial Espejo
 
69.0 – 72.0
 
 
 
Consolidated Total
 
155.0 – 165.0
 
39.50 – 42.50
 
12.70 – 13.70
 
5.20 – 5.70
 
Gold production is expected to increase to between 155,000 and 165,000 ounces on the strength of higher gold grades at Manantial Espejo, where increased open pit stripping in the first part of 2014 should provide access to better gold grade ore during the fourth quarter of the year.
 
In 2014, Pan American anticipates base metals production to remain consistent with 2013 levels and forecasts full-year consolidated production of between 39,500 tonnes to 42,500 tonnes of zinc, 12,700 tonnes to 13,700 tonnes of lead, and 5,200 tonnes to 5,700 tonnes of copper.
 
Capital Expenditure Forecasts
 
Pan American plans to spend $95.5 million on sustaining capital and a further $67.0 million on long term projects in 2014.  The following table details the estimate of capital to be invested at each operation and project:
 
2014 Capital
 (in millions)
La Colorada
$
8.0
 
Alamo Dorado
$
0.5
 
Dolores
$
32.5
 
Huaron
$
9.5
 
Morococha
$
9.0
 
San Vicente
$
6.0
 
Manantial Espejo
$
30.0
 
Sustaining Capital Sub-Total
$
95.5
 
La Colorada Project
$
32.0
 
Dolores Project
$
35.0
 
Project Sub-total
$
67.0
 
2014 Total Capital
$
162.5
 

Planned sustaining capital investments for 2014 include $26.0 million for open pit pre-stripping and haul truck replacements at Dolores, $25.0 million for open pit pre-stripping and a tailings dam expansion at Manantial Espejo, approximately $7.0 million for underground development across all 5 underground mines, and $13.0 million for near mine exploration.  In addition, the Company plans project capital expenditures of approximately $32.0 million for the La Colorada expansion and $35.0 million at Dolores. Dolores' expenditures are predominantly for leach pad 3 expansion, but also include further process plant optimization and the commencement of work on a new 115 kV power line to the mine.
 
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All-in Sustaining Costs per Silver Ounce Sold
 
The Company has adopted the reporting of AISCSOS as a non-GAAP measure of a silver mining company’s operating performance and the ability to generate cash flow from operations.  The following table details Pan American’s expected AISCSOS for 2014.  The measure is on a by-products basis, excludes taxes, and uses sustaining capital expenditures as opposed to depreciation and amortization.  Investment capital is defined as capital spent that increases future production and/or is materially higher than that required for current production.
 
(in $ thousands)
 
Guidance 2014
 
Low
High
Cash cost of sales net of by- products
 
$
298,000
$
306,500
           
Sustaining capital
   
95,500
 
95,500
Exploration
   
15,750
 
15,750
Reclamation cost accretion
   
3,000
 
3,000
General & administrative expense
   
19,600
 
19,600
All-in sustaining costs
A
$
431,850
$
440,350
Payable ounces sold
B
 
25,400,000
 
24,460,000
All-in sustaining cost per silver ounce sold, net of by-products
(A*$1000)/B
$
17.00
$
18.00

2014 Mine Operation Forecasts
 
Management’s expectations of each mine’s operating performance in 2014 are set out below, including discussion on expected production, cash costs per ounce and capital expenditures.
 
·
La Colorada mine
 
La Colorada plans to increase ore mined from the sulphide zone, to ensure that the sulphide plant runs at 850 tpd while maintaining production rates from the oxide plant at 400 tpd. The increased overall throughput rates, combined with modestly higher silver grades are expected to result in higher silver production in 2014. The shift towards a higher proportion of ore feed coming from the sulphide zone is expected to result in higher base metal by-product production, while gold production is expected to benefit from slightly higher grades in 2014.
 
Cash costs per ounce are expected to remain similar to 2013 cash costs as an increase in by-product credits (despite lower price assumptions) and the benefits of higher silver production will likely be offset by an increase in direct operating costs. The expected increase in operating costs is driven primarily by assumed escalations in electricity and diesel costs of 15% and in labour and security costs of 3%.
 
Capital expenditures at La Colorada in 2014 are expected to increase from 2013 levels to $40.0 million, inclusive of $32.0 million related to the expansion project. Please see “2014 Project Development Outlook” section for a detailed description of the expenditures planned for the La Colorada expansion project. The remaining capital expenditures of $8.0 million for the existing operation includes equipment repair and replacements and upgrades for $2.7 million, underground ventilation systems for $1.5 million, and near-mine exploration for $3.8 million.
 
·
Alamo Dorado mine
 
2014 signals the beginning of a declining production profile at Alamo Dorado as the operation begins to process more ore from the lower grade stockpiles while the mining operation depletes the last of the reserves over the next two years at higher effective strip ratios. We expect to hold
 
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processing rates steady at 4,750 tpd, but a decline in silver grades and recoveries are likely to result in a drop in silver production.  Gold production in 2014 is expected to benefit from marginally higher grades from a gold zone that will be mined along the northern pit limits, resulting in an uptick in gold production.
 
Cash costs are expected to increase significantly at Alamo Dorado in 2014 as a result of higher direct operating costs and lower silver production. Cost escalations are expected from the increased waste stripping required to extract the remaining ore reserve extensions, as well as higher diesel fuel and energy costs.
 
Capital expenditures at Alamo Dorado in 2014 are expected to be $0.5 million, predominantly for tailings dam and laboratory equipment replacements.
 
·
Dolores mine
 
Dolores will aim to stack an average of 16,200 tpd onto leach pads in 2014, a 10% improvement on 2013 stacking rates, combined with better expected recoveries. This will be partially offset by an anticipated decline in silver grades. The combination of these operating parameters is expected to result in higher silver production, while gold grades are expected to hold steady but be offset by lower recoveries, resulting in similar gold production as was achieved in 2013.
 
Cash costs are expected to increase sharply from 2013 levels, primarily due to significantly lower by-product credits on a per ounce basis due to the lower anticipated gold price. Operating costs on a per tonne basis are expected to remain similar to 2013 costs, with increases anticipated in materials (most notably diesel, lime and explosives costs) offset by reductions in staffing costs and the benefit of higher stacking rates.
 
Capital expenditures of a sustaining nature for the existing operation at Dolores are expected to be $32.5 million, which include pit pre-stripping for $18.2 million, equipment repair and replacements of $7.8 million, access road improvements of $0.8 million, and support infrastructure upgrades of $1.9 million.  The proposed sustaining capital program also includes $3.6 million for near-mine exploration.
 
In addition, capital expenditures relating to the pad 3 expansion, a new power line installation and process plant optimization projects are expected to require $35 million. These are discussed separately under the “2014 Project Development Outlook” section of this MD&A.
 
·
Huaron mine
 
In 2014, the plan at Huaron is to continue the positive trend of increasing mining and milling rates, as compared to the 2013 rates. The increases in these throughput rates have been enabled by progressively increasing the amount of ore released from long-hole mining, facilitated by direct capital investments in mechanizations made over the past few years.  The improved throughput in 2014 is expected to be coupled with modestly higher silver grades from mine sequencing and recoveries to result in greater silver production.  Base metal production is expected to fall slightly from 2013 production levels.
 
Cash costs per ounce are expected to remain similar to 2013 cash costs, as the benefit of higher silver production is expected to be offset by a decline in by-product credits based on lower expected by-product metal prices. We expect to hold operating costs stable while achieving increased processing rates, assuming a 3% devaluation of the local Peruvian currency.
 
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Capital spending at Huaron in 2014 is expected to be drastically reduced from the elevated levels seen in previous years as the intensive mechanization efforts are largely completed. The 2014 capital budget totals $9.5 million and is comprised of sustaining investments related to repair and replacements of equipment for $2.4 million, upgrades to the ventilation systems of $1.4 million, and regional infrastructure for $0.5 million.  In addition, business improvement projects are proposed for camp upgrades for $0.5 million as well as near-mine exploration for $1.6 million.
 
·
Morococha mine
 
Tonnes milled and silver, zinc and copper grades and recoveries at Morococha in 2014 are all expected to improve compared to 2013 levels, resulting in higher production of silver and all by-product base metals. These expected improvements are possible due to multi-year mechanization and enhanced development investments that the Company has made at the Morococha mine.
 
We anticipate cash costs per ounce in 2014 to reduce sharply compared to 2013 due primarily to the benefits of lower operating costs coupled with higher grade ore. Base metal by-product credits are expected to remain steady as higher levels of base metal production is expected to be offset by lower metal prices, relative to 2013. Operating costs are expected to decline over 2013 costs primarily as a result of reductions in third party ore mining services, which have largely been replaced with the use of more productive company employees, together with the benefit of an assumed weaker local Peruvian currency.
 
Morococha’s capital budget for 2014 of $9.0 million is substantially lower than the prior year’s capital spending as the intensive multi-year mechanization and development efforts are largely completed.  The majority of the capital expenditures in 2014 are planned for sustaining the mine and includes crosscuts and ventilation raises for $2.3 million, additional reserve definition drilling of $1.6 million, and overhaul of equipment for $2.1 million.  There is an additional $0.8 million for advancing on a mine deepening project and $0.5 million for metallurgical testing to refine future plant flowsheets.
 
·
San Vicente mine
 
We plan to maintain throughput rates near 2013 levels in 2014 while being able to hold silver grades and recoveries stable.  Based on those operating parameters, San Vicente is expected to contribute similar quantities of silver to Pan American in 2014. Steady-state mining rates are expected to deliver ore with similar zinc and lead grades as 2013 levels, resulting in stable zinc and lead production.
 
Operating costs are expected to increase slightly as compared to 2013, driven predominantly by anticipated wage increases. More than offsetting these cost increases, we expect improved market conditions in the high-grade silver concentrates market to result in lower smelting and refining charges and we expect declining royalties paid to Comibol based on a lower expected silver price. Cash costs per ounce are expected to decline noticeably over the 2013 cash costs due primarily the decrease in smelting and royalty costs, offset partially by the higher wage rates.
 
With the tailings dam raise completed in 2013, the capital budget in 2014 of $6.0 million is significantly reduced from 2013 spending. The main sustaining capital includes $0.7 million for equipment repair and replacements and, $0.7 million for near-mine exploration, and $1.8 million for other equipment enhancements, optimizations and upgrades.  In addition, there is $0.9 million forecasted for projects underway at the end of 2013 primarily associated with a shaft and hoist upgrade project.
 
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·
Manantial Espejo mine
 
We plan to increase plant throughput by 8% to 2,150 tonnes per day in 2014 at significantly better silver and gold grades according to the mine planned sequencing. Achieving the increased plant throughput rates is highly dependent on sustaining plant availabilities and utilizations throughout the year and avoiding unscheduled disruptions as occurred during the first half of 2013.   With steady recovery rates, we expect silver production and gold production to be up to 25% higher than 2013 production.
 
Direct operating costs, refining costs and royalties are expected to increase in 2014, but should be offset by an expected increase in silver and gold production resulting in cash costs per ounce, net of by-products, remaining similar to 2013 cash costs.  Operating costs on a per tonne basis are expected to remain stable with the assumption of continued cost inflation in Argentina, which especially affects costs of labor and consumables, fully offset a weaker Peso.
 
Capital investments planned at Manantial Espejo total $30.0 million in 2014 dominated by $23.8 million for capitalized open pit pre-stripping in Maria and Concepcion and capitalized underground development.  Additionally, $1.3 million is needed for a tailings dam expansion, $0.8 million for equipment repair and replacements, $1.4 million for business enhancement projects, and another $1.4 million for near-mine exploration around current workings.
 
2014 PROJECT DEVELOPMENT OUTLOOK
 
The major projects for Pan American in 2014 are:
 
 
(1)
An expansion of the La Colorada operation requiring capital investments of $32.0 million in 2014, including the commencement of a shaft and hoist installation of $8.8 million; plant expansion of $3.6 million; infrastructure upgrades of $6.5 million; tailings expansion of $5.0 million; system and equipment upgrades of $3.2 million; and project indirects associated with the shaft and hoist installation and plant expansion of $2.3 million.
 
 
(2)
The next construction phase of Dolores’ leach pad 3 is advancing to increase the storage capacity of the pad to provide sufficient volume to sustain operations into 2017, which will require capital expenditures of approximately $24.0 million in 2014.
 
 
(3)
A power line construction project at Dolores by a third party contractor is expected to commence in 2014 and require an investment of $8.0 million for completion and power delivery to operations in 2015.
 
 
(4)
The pulp agglomeration expansion project studies at Dolores, metallurgical testing, pit dewatering and other smaller associated projects are expected to require approximately $3.0 million in capital spending.
 
We are assuming that the law in Chubut will not be amended in 2014 in a manner which encourages further investment at this stage at the Navidad project and as such, our 2014 plans are for the project to remain focused on “care and maintenance” as well as adhering to the investment plan filed with the authorities. All expenditures at Navidad in 2014 will be expensed as incurred under exploration and project development and are expected to total $3.9 million.
 
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2013 OPERATING PERFORMANCE

The following table reflects silver production and cash costs, net of by-product credits at each of Pan American’s operations for 2013, as compared to 2012 and 2011.
 
 
Silver Production
(ounces ‘000s)
Cash Costs(1)
($ per ounce)
2013
2012
2011
2013
2012
2011
La Colorada
4,566
4,431
4,296
$9.43
$8.64
$7.74
Alamo Dorado
5,079
5,364
5,300
$7.45
$5.05
$4.80
Dolores(2)
3,503
2,652
-
$7.47
$4.05
-
Huaron
3,304
2,909
2,769
$14.61
$17.51
$14.03
Quiruvilca
-
275
881
-
$36.33
$17.47
Morococha(3)
2,397
2,083
1,712
$17.56
$23.48
$16.11
San Vicente(4)
3,967
3,726
3,130
$15.51
$18.92
$13.48
Manantial Espejo
3,144
3,632
3,767
$8.55
$14.65
$7.36
Consolidated Total(5)
25,959
25,075
21,855
$10.81
$12.03
$9.44
(1)
Any reference to “cash costs” in this MD&A is defined as cash costs net of by-product credits.  Please refer to the section Alternative Performance (Non-GAAP) Measures for a detailed description of the cash cost calculation, details of the Company’s by-product credits and a reconciliation of this measure to the Audited Consolidated Financial Statements.
(2)
The Dolores mine was acquired on March 30, 2012 and as such the 2012 figure is the production for 9 months of the Company’s ownership.
(3)
Morococha data represents Pan American's 92.3% interest in the mine's production.
(4)
San Vicente data represents Pan American's 95.0% interest in the mine's production.
(5)
Totals may not add due to rounding.

The graph below presents silver production by mine in 2013 and highlights the diverse nature of Pan American’s silver production.
 


Pan American Silver Corp.
13

 

In 2013, Pan American’s silver production increased to 26.0 million ounces, 4% higher than production levels in 2012.  The increase in silver production was mainly attributable to a full year of production from the Dolores mine in Mexico, which was acquired upon the closing of the Minefinders transaction on March 30, 2012. Higher annual silver production was achieved at all of Pan American’s mines, other than Manantial Espejo, and Alamo Dorado. The Quiruvilca mine was sold by Pan American effective from June 1, 2012 and was not part of 2013 production.
 
Silver production in 2013 was at the top end of management’s forecast range of between 25.0 million and 26.0 million ounces as described in the December 31, 2012 MD&A. Alamo Dorado, Dolores, Huaron and San Vicente all exceeded the high end of our guidance, La Colorada and Morococha achieved the guidance range, while only Manantial Espejo was below guidance.
 
Consolidated cash costs per ounce of silver were $10.81 in 2013, a 10% decrease from 2012 cash costs per ounce of $12.03, and well below management’s forecast range $11.80 to $12.80 per silver ounce for the year.  The decrease year over year was attributable to a significant increase in by-products produced, including a 33% increase in gold produced, and meaningful reductions in cash costs at our Peruvian operations due to more mechanized mining at Huaron and higher grades, recoveries and throughputs at Morococha.  Manantial Espejo cash costs were also reduced significantly with the devaluation of the Argentine peso outpacing local inflation in 2013, in addition to the 40% increase in gold produced at that mine.  Offsetting these positive effects on cash costs were the lower by-product prices realized, especially for gold, and cost increases at Alamo Dorado where lower grades had a negative effect on production and costs, and at Dolores, where costs rose mainly on higher non-capitalized pre-stripping expenditures.
 
The following tables set out the Company’s by-product production over the past three years and the metal prices realized for each metal produced:
 
 
By-Product Production
 
2013
2012
2011
Gold ounces
149,815
112,283
78,426
Zinc tonnes
42,141
36,848
37,234
Lead tonnes
13,499
12,266
12,701
Copper tonnes
5,543
4,162
4,544

 
Realized Prices
 
2013
2012
2011
Silver/ounce
$
23.29
31.26
35.03
Gold/ounce
$
1,398
1,672
1,567
Zinc/tonne
$
1,908
1,961
2,208
Lead/tonne
$
2,141
2,052
2,402
Copper/tonne
$
7,251
7,879
8,625

In 2013, production of gold increased by 33% as a result of additional production from Dolores and Manantial Espejo. An additional quarter of production at Dolores following the March 30, 2012 acquisition of the mine and an anticipated increase in gold grade at Manantial Espejo were the main factors behind these increases.
 
Consolidated base metal production achieved double-digit percentage increases as a result of higher production at all of our polymetalic operations, most notably at the Company’s Peruvian mines. Base metal production in 2013 easily exceeded the high end of management’s forecasted ranges for zinc (36,000 – 39,000 tonnes), lead (11,500 – 12,500 tonnes) and copper
 
Pan American Silver Corp.
14

 

(3,500 – 4,000 tonnes) as a combined result of better than expected throughput rates, grades and recoveries.
 
All-In Sustaining Costs per Silver Ounce Sold
 
We believe that AISCSOS is a more comprehensive measure of the cost of operating our consolidated business than traditional cash and total costs per ounce as it includes the cost of replacing ounces through exploration, the cost of ongoing capital investments (sustaining capital), general and administrative expenses, as well as other items that affect the Company’s consolidated earnings and cash flow.
 
To facilitate a better understanding of these measures as calculated by the Company, the following table provides the detailed reconciliation of this measure to the applicable cost items, as reported in the consolidated income statements for the respective periods:
 
         
2013
   
2012
 
Production costs
        $ 530,613     $ 485,163  
Royalties
        $ 26,459     $ 35,077  
Smelting, refining and transportation charges(1)
        $ 93,926     $ 94,438  
Less by-product credits(1)
        $ (331,809 )   $ (293,208 )
Cash cost of sales net of by-products
        $ 319,189     $ 321,470  
                       
Sustaining capital(2)
        $ 111,647     $ 130,721  
Exploration and project development
        $ 15,475     $ 36,746  
Reclamation cost accretion
        $ 3,030     $ 2,999  
General & administrative expense
        $ 17,596     $ 20,790  
All-in sustaining costs
    A     $ 466,937     $ 512,726  
Payable ounces sold
    B       25,478,014       23,037,493  
All-in sustaining cost per silver ounce sold, net of by-products
    (A*$1000)/B     $ 18.33     $ 22.26  
(1)
Included in the revenue line of the audited consolidated income statements and are reflective of realized metal prices for the applicable periods.
(2)
Non – GAAP measure: please refer to section Alternative Performance (Non-GAAP) Measures for a reconciliation of this measure to the Audited Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
AISCSOS declined by 18% in 2013 relative the 2012, down $3.93 to $18.33 per ounce. Some expense items in our business are directly correlated with metal prices, such as royalties, which declined in 2013 in unison with lower metal prices. Discretionary expense items, such as exploration and general and administrative expense were reduced in 2013 relative to the prior year as an extensive range of cost cutting initiatives were analysed and executed to realign the Company’s operational performance with the prevailing price environment and to ensure that we maintained our strong financial position.
 
An analysis of each operation’s 2013 operating performance follows, as compared to 2012 operating performance and management’s guidance for 2013, as contained in the 2012 year-end MD&A.
 
Pan American Silver Corp.
15

 

La Colorada mine
 
   
Twelve months ended
December 31,
 
   
2013
   
2012
 
Tonnes milled
    448,659       419,591  
Average silver grade – grams per tonne
    352       374  
Average silver recovery - %
    89.9       89.6  
Silver– ounces
    4,566,377       4,431,111  
Gold – ounces
    2,579       3,578  
Zinc – tonnes
    6,759       5,599  
Lead – tonnes
    3,324       2,766  
                 
Payable ounces of silver
    4,364,727       4,215,075  
                 
Cash cost per ounce of silver net of by-product credits
               
Cash cost per ounce net of by-products(1)
  $ 9.43     $ 8.64  
Total cost per ounce net of by-products(1)
  $ 11.27     $ 9.96  
                 
Capital Expenditures - thousands
  $ 13,574     $ 21,700  
 
(1)
Cash costs per ounce and total costs per ounce are non-GAAP measurements.  Please refer to section Alternative Performance (Non-GAAP) Measures for a detailed reconciliation of these measures to our cost of sales.
 
*
Reported metal figures in the tables in this section are volume of metal produced.
 
2013 versus 2012
 
Silver production at the La Colorada mine in 2013 was 4.6 million ounces, a 3% increase compared to the previous year.  This increase was due to 7% higher throughput rates and slightly improved silver recoveries, partially offset by a 6% decline in silver grades.  Production of lead and zinc benefited from higher throughput, while anticipated lower gold grades led to a modest decrease in gold production.
 
2013 cash costs increased by 9% to $9.43 per ounce of silver when compared to 2012. The increase was the result of higher operating costs while by-product credits remained similar to the prior year as increased base metal production was offset by lower gold production and realized prices.
 
2013 versus 2013 Guidance
 
Silver production at La Colorada in 2013 was in line with the low end of management’s forecast range of 4.6 million to 4.7 million ounces, as higher than expected throughput rates were offset by below-expected grades. Base metal production benefited from the better than expected throughput rates, grades and recoveries, resulting in zinc and lead production which exceeded our guidance. Gold grades lagged management’s expectation, leading to actual gold production falling short of guidance.
 
Actual cash costs of $9.43 per ounce were within management’s forecast range of between $9.00 and $9.75 per ounce. Cash costs at La Colorada in 2013 were positively influenced by stronger than expected by-product production, while offset by significantly lower realized prices than forecast.
 
Capital expenditures at La Colorada during 2013 totalled $13.6 million, below our forecast of $15.0 million. The capital was spent mainly on mine development and equipment purchases for the Estrella and Candelaria mines, an Estrella mine expansion, and a continuation of the near-mine exploration drilling program.
 
Pan American Silver Corp.
16

 

·
Alamo Dorado mine
 
   
Twelve months ended
December 31,
 
   
2013
   
2012
 
Tonnes milled
    1,790,317       1,697,941  
Average silver grade – grams per tonne
    101       116  
Average gold grade – grams per tonne
    0.36       0.38  
Average silver recovery - %
    87.1       85.6  
Silver– ounces
    5,078,807       5,364,011  
Gold – ounces
    17,600       17,966  
Copper – tonnes
    123       117  
                 
Payable ounces of silver
    5,042,779       5,345,677  
                 
Cash cost per ounce of silver net of by-product credits
               
Cash cost per ounce net of by-products(1)
  $ 7.45     $ 5.05  
Total cost per ounce net of by-products(1)
  $ 10.98     $ 7.95  
                 
Capital Expenditures - thousands
  $ 7,621     $ 10,936  
 
(1)
Cash costs per ounce and total costs per ounce are non-GAAP measurements.  Please refer to section Alternative Performance (Non-GAAP) Measures for a detailed reconciliation of these measures to our cost of sales.
 
2013 versus 2012
 
While silver production at Alamo Dorado in 2013 declined to 5.1 million ounces from 5.4 million ounces produced in 2012, it remained the Company’s largest silver producer.  Silver production was impacted as expected by lower silver grades, partially offset by higher throughput rates and recoveries.  Gold production of 17,600 ounces in 2013 represented a 2% decrease over production levels in 2012 as lower gold grades were largely overcome by higher throughput rates.
 
Alamo Dorado’s cash costs per ounce were $7.45 in 2013, a 48% increase from the 2012 cash costs of $5.05 due to higher operating costs and a significant decline in gold by-product credits due to lower gold prices in 2013.
 
2013 versus 2013 Guidance
 
Alamo Dorado’s silver production in 2013 exceeded the top of management’s forecast range of 4.8 million to 5.0 million ounces, the result of throughput rates that were above our expectations.  Gold production was 7% above the top of our guidance range of 16,500 ounces as actual throughput rates and gold grades exceeded expectations.
 
Cash costs were 10% lower than the low end of our forecast range of $8.25 to $8.50 per ounce as a result the better than expected silver production and higher gold by-product credits resulting from stronger than expected gold production, partially offset by lower actual gold prices than assumed.
 
Capital expenditures at Alamo Dorado during 2013 totalled $7.6 million, compared to management’s guidance of $7.5 million, predominantly for pre-stripping of the phase II pit expansion and mine equipment.
 
Pan American Silver Corp.
17

 

·
Dolores mine*
 
   
Twelve months ended
   
Nine months ended
 
   
 December 31,
 
   
2013
   
2012
 
Tonnes milled
    5,351,851       4,346,595  
Average silver grade – grams per tonne
    48       42  
Average gold grade – grams per tonne
    0.46       0.40  
Average silver recovery - %
    42.7       45.7  
Average gold recovery - %
    82.1       78.0  
Silver– ounces
    3,502,522       2,652,851  
Gold – ounces
    65,230       43,476  
                 
Payable ounces of silver
    3,493,766       2,646,219  
                 
Cash cost per ounce of silver net of by-product credits
               
Cash cost per ounce net of by-products(1)
  $ 7.47     $ 4.05  
Total cost per ounce net of by-products(1)
  $ 20.12     $ 16.88  
                 
Capital Expenditures(2) - thousands
  $ 36,159     $ 35,352  
*
Results for the nine months of 2012 that the Company operated the Dolores mine.
(1)
Cash costs per ounce and total costs per ounce are non-GAAP measurements.  Please refer to section Alternative Performance (Non-GAAP) Measures for a detailed reconciliation of these measures to our cost of sales.
(2)
Sustaining capital expenditures excluded $50.5 million and $21.8 million, in the 2013 and 2012 reporting periods, respectively, related to capital incurred on the leach pad and other expansion projects as disclosed in the section Alternative Performance (non-GAAP) Measures.
 
2013 versus 2012
 
Dolores produced 3.5 million ounces of silver and 65,230 ounces of gold from a full year of production in 2013, significantly higher than silver and gold production for the 9 months that Pan American owned and operated the mine in 2012.  On an annualized basis, the 2013 silver production rate was in line with that of 2012, despite 2013 production being affected by leach pad construction mid-way through the year, which hindered efficient pad loading and leaching. However, the successful completion of the extension of pad 2 in June of 2013, and the commissioning of the first phase of pad 3 on schedule in October 2013 allowed for uninterrupted stacking and leaching operations throughout the remainder of the year, apart from planned maintenance and commissioning outages.  Decreased stacking throughput was offset by higher silver grades processed.  The annualized gold production rate of 2012 was exceeded in 2013 due to higher gold grades stacked and improved recoveries.
 
Dolores’s cash costs per ounce were $7.47 in 2013, an 84% increase from the 2012 cash costs of $4.05 due to higher operating costs and a decline in gold by-product credits per ounce resulting from lower actual gold prices in 2013.
 
2013 versus 2013 Guidance
 
Silver production was 2% above the top of management’s guidance range of between 3.25 million and 3.45 million ounces, a result of higher silver grades outweighing the effect of less ore tonnes stacked than anticipated. Gold production was within management’s expected range as better than expected recoveries were offset by lower stacking rates.
 
Cash costs for 2013 were $7.47 per ounce of silver, 113% above the $2.25 to $3.50 per ounce forecast range provided by management. The main causes for this negative variance were significantly lower gold credits than forecasted due to lower gold prices, together with operating costs that were slightly higher than anticipated.
 
Pan American Silver Corp.
18

 

Capital expenditures at Dolores in 2013 totalled $36.2 million, excluding the leach pad expansions projects and mine optimization projects, which was in line with management’s guidance of $37.0 million. Capital expenditures in 2013 at Dolores were predominantly related to mine operations, comprised of pre-stripping activities, truck rehabilitation and other mobile equipment purchases, near-mine exploration and other sustaining infrastructure.
 
·
Huaron mine
 
   
Twelve months ended
December 31,
 
   
2013
   
2012
 
Tonnes milled
    802,300       683,483  
Average silver grade – grams per tonne
    158       162  
Average zinc grade - %
    2.5       2.5  
Average silver recovery - %
    81.8       81.7  
Silver– ounces
    3,303,595       2,909,890  
Gold – ounces
    936       655  
Zinc – tonnes
    14,017       11,824  
Lead – tonnes
    5,842       4,727  
Copper – tonnes
    3,395       2,257  
                 
Payable ounces of silver
    2,883,758       2,506,481  
                 
Cash cost per ounce of silver net of by-product credits
               
Cash cost per ounce net of by-products(1)
  $ 14.61     $ 17.51  
Total cost per ounce net of by-products(1)
  $ 18.65     $ 21.02  
                 
Capital Expenditures - thousands
  $ 15,474     $ 22,936  
 
(1)
Cash costs per ounce and total costs per ounce are non-GAAP measurements.  Please refer to section Alternative Performance (Non-GAAP) Measures for a detailed reconciliation of these measures to our cost of sales.
 
2013 versus 2012
 
In 2013, mill throughput at Huaron increased by 17% relative to 2012, partially offset by slightly lower silver grades processed, resulting in silver production that rose by 14% year-on-year. Base metal and gold production also rose at Huaron on higher throughput rates and recoveries.
 
Cash costs at Huaron decreased by 17% in 2013 to $14.61 per ounce. Cash costs benefited from higher silver production and a rise in by-product credits as higher production of all by-product metals were only partially offset by lower by-product metal prices in 2013.
 
2013 versus 2013 Guidance
 
Silver production in 2013 was 12% above the high end of management’s guidance of between 2.85 million and 2.95 million ounces. Throughput rates, grades and recoveries positively outperformed management’s expectations, and the result was that production of all base metals was above management’s guidance.
 
The actual cash costs in 2013 were 27% better than the bottom of our forecast range of $20 to $22 per ounce.  This positive performance was attributable to better than expected silver production and higher by-product credits, driven by higher quantities of by-product metals produced that were partially offset by lower metal prices.
 
Pan American Silver Corp.
19

 

Capital expenditures at Huaron during 2013 totalled $15.5 million, compared to our forecast of $20.0 million, as several discretionary capital projects were rationalized in response to lower metal prices. Capital expenditures were primarily to complete a significant tailings dam expansion project initiated in 2012, to purchase and overhaul mobile mine equipment, and to continue near-mine exploration.
 
·
Morococha mine*
 
   
Twelve months ended
 December 31,
 
   
2013
   
2012
 
Tonnes milled
    573,295       535,086  
Average silver grade – grams per tonne
    149       143  
Average zinc  grade - %
    3.2       2.8  
Average silver recovery - %
    87.9       84.9  
Silver– ounces
    2,396,767       2,083,726  
Gold – ounces
    2,650       2,840  
Zinc – tonnes
    15,165       11,925  
Lead – tonnes
    3,769       3,601  
Copper – tonnes
    2,026       1,502  
                 
Payable ounces of silver
    2,049,487       1,776,333  
                 
Cash cost per ounce of silver net of by-product credits
               
Cash cost per ounce net of by-products(1)
  $ 17.56     $ 23.48  
Total cost per ounce net of by-products(1)
  $ 26.17     $ 29.75  
                 
Capital Expenditures(2) - thousands
  $ 18,652     $ 20,805  
 
*
Production and cost figures are for Pan American’s 92.3% share only.
 
(1)
Cash costs per ounce and total costs per ounce are non-GAAP measurements.  Please refer to section Alternative Performance (Non-GAAP) Measures for a detailed reconciliation of these measures to our cost of sales.
 
(2)
Sustaining capital expenditures excluding $6.4 million in 2012, of capital incurred at the Morococha project as disclosed in the section Alternative Performance (non-GAAP) Measures.
 
2013 versus 2012
 
Morococha’s 2013 silver production increased to 2.4 million ounces, or 15% as compared to 2012 due to increased silver grades, combined with higher throughput rates and recoveries. Base metal production also benefited from higher grades, throughput rates and recoveries, resulting in increased production, particularly of zinc and copper.
 
Cash costs at Morococha decreased by 25% in 2013 to $17.56 per ounce of silver due mainly to substantially higher by-product credits and higher silver production, while holding operating costs steady for 2013 compared to 2012. The increase in by-product credits was driven by higher quantities of by-product metals produced that were partially offset by lower metal prices.
 
2013 versus 2013 Guidance
 
Silver production performance at Morococha in 2013 was in line with the bottom end of management’s guidance range of 2.4 million to 2.6 million ounces. Actual gold, zinc and copper production all exceeded our guidance ranges, while lead production was within guidance. Actual throughput rates fell slightly short of management’s expectations but were compensated by modestly better than expected silver grades and recoveries. Gold, zinc and copper grades and recoveries all exceeded management’s forecasts and more than offset the lower than anticipated throughput rates.
 
Pan American Silver Corp.
20

 

Actual cash costs in 2013 were 14% lower than the bottom end of our forecast range of $20.50 to $22.25 per ounce due primarily to actual by-product credits being higher than expected.
 
Sustaining capital expenditures at Morococha during 2013 totalled $18.7 million, compared to management’s guidance of $15.0 million.  The majority of the capital expenditures in 2013 were for the mine development and included ramp advances and ventilation system expansions, overhaul and replacements of certain aged mobile mine equipment and near-mine exploration activities.
 
·
San Vicente mine*
 
   
Twelve months ended
 December 31,
 
   
2013
   
2012
 
Tonnes milled
    319,433       306,063  
Average silver grade – grams per tonne
    412       419  
Average zinc grade - %
    2.5       2.2  
Average silver recovery - %
    93.8       90.7  
Silver– ounces
    3,967,263       3,726,024  
Zinc – tonnes
    6,201       4,918  
Lead – tonnes
    564       432  
                 
Payable ounces of silver
    3,614,290       3,390,683  
                 
Cash cost per ounce of silver net of by-product credits
               
Cash cost per ounce net of by-products(1)
  $ 15.51     $ 18.92  
Total cost per ounce net of by-products(1)
  $ 18.07     $ 22.05  
                 
Capital Expenditures - thousands
  $ 8,165     $ 3,053  
 
*
Production and interest figures are for Pan American’s 95.0% share only.
 
(1)
Cash costs per ounce and total costs per ounce are non-GAAP measurements.  Please refer to section Alternative Performance (Non-GAAP) Measures for a detailed reconciliation of these measures to our cost of sales.
 
2013 versus 2012
 
In 2013, San Vicente’s silver production increased by 6% compared to 2012, due to higher throughput rates and an increase in recoveries.  Zinc production improved by 26% and lead production by 31% on account of the throughput increase in combination with higher grades and recoveries.
 
Cash costs at San Vicente decreased by 18% to $15.51 in 2013 as compared to the previous year.  The lower cash costs in 2013 resulted from the combined effect of lower operating costs, higher by-product credits and an increase in silver production. The lower operating costs were primarily driven by a decline in royalties paid, which were highly correlated to the lower metal prices realized in 2013. Higher by-product zinc and lead revenues were a result of increased production of those metals.
 
2013 versus 2013 Guidance
 
Silver production attributable to Pan American in 2013 of 4.0 million ounces was 3% over management’s forecast range of 3.75 million to 3.85 million ounces, as silver recoveries exceeded expectations.  Both actual zinc and lead production were within management’s guidance as slightly better than expected recoveries offset small shortfalls in expected grades.
 
Pan American Silver Corp.
21

 

Actual cash costs of $15.5 per ounce of silver were 10% below management’s forecast range of $17.26 to $18.00 per ounce due to lower than expected operating costs as actual royalties were well below management’s expectations.
 
Capital expenditures at San Vicente during 2013 totalled $8.2 million, which was below management’s forecast of $11.5 million, due to capital rationing initiatives.  Capital spending in 2013 was primarily for mine development, underground mobile equipment maintenance, and exploration.
 
·
Manantial Espejo mine
 
   
Twelve months ended
 December 31,
 
   
2013
   
2012
 
Tonnes milled
    719,607       734,335  
Average silver grade – grams per tonne
    150       170  
Average gold grade – grams per tonne
    2.81       1.94  
Average silver recovery - %
    91.3       89.8  
Average gold recovery - %
    95.4       94.2  
Silver – ounces
    3,144,008       3,632,550  
Gold – ounces
    60,820       43,339  
                 
                 
Payable ounces of silver
    3,137,720       3,625,285  
                 
Cash cost per ounce of silver net of by-product credits
               
Cash cost per ounce net of by-products(1)
  $ 8.55     $ 14.65  
Total cost per ounce net of by-products(1)
  $ 19.03     $ 22.73  
                 
Capital Expenditures - thousands
  $ 12,002     $ 15,858  
 
(1) 
Cash costs per ounce and total costs per ounce are non-GAAP measurements.  Please refer to section Alternative Performance (Non-GAAP) Measures for a detailed reconciliation of these measures to our cost of sales.
 
2013 versus 2012
 
Silver production at the Manantial Espejo mine in 2013 was 3.1 million ounces, a 13% decrease from the production level in 2012.  This decrease was the result of a 12% decline in grades and a 2% decrease in throughput offset by a similar increase in recoveries from the previous year.  Gold production jumped significantly, by 40% in 2013 due to higher gold grades and recoveries in line with the mine plan.
 
In 2013, cash costs at Manantial Espejo decreased to $8.55 per ounce of silver, 42% below 2012 cash costs of $14.65 per ounce.  The main drivers of the decrease in cash costs were a 12% reduction in operating costs together with a 16% lift in by-product gold credits. The lower operating costs were mainly due to lower royalty expenses, cost cutting initiatives and the devaluation of the local currency, offset by high sustained inflation rates in Argentina.
 
2013 versus 2013 Guidance
 
In 2013, Manantial Espejo’s actual throughput rates and silver grades were below management’s forecast, resulting in 6% lower silver production than our forecast range of 3.35 million to 3.45 million ounces. Throughput rates were significantly challenged by mobile equipment availability issues largely as a consequence of importation restrictions that severely limited the flow of spare parts and materials necessary to sustain operations.  Gold production
 
Pan American Silver Corp.
22

 

exceeded management’s guidance range of 53,500 ounces to 57,500 ounces as higher than expected grades overcame lower than expected throughput rates.
 
Actual cash costs in 2013 of $8.55 per ounce of silver were 34% below the forecast range of $13.00 to $14.25 per ounce. The main drivers for the lower than expected cash costs were lower than expected operating costs, combined with better than anticipated by-product gold credits on higher production quantities.
 
Capital expenditures at Manantial Espejo during 2013 totalled $12.0 million, compared to management’s forecast capital expenditures of $20.0 million.  Capital spending was lower than forecast due to the decision to defer some pre-stripping activities in response to the downturn in precious metal prices. The capital expenditures consisted mainly of open pit pre-strip development and equipment acquisitions, underground mine development and improving the camp infrastructure and mill upgrades.
 
2013 PROJECT DEVELOPMENT UPDATE
 
The following table reflects the amounts spent at each of Pan American’s significant projects in 2013, as compared to 2012 and 2011. Our accounting policies determine what portion of the amounts spent at our projects is capitalized and what portion is expensed during the period.
 
Total Project Spending
 
   
2013
 
2012
 
2011
 
Dolores leach pads and expansion projects
  $ 50,482   $ 21,291   $ -  
Navidad
  $ 2,761   $ 20,044   $ 33,200  
Morococha Project
  $ -   $ 6,389   $ 26,218  
Other
  $ 203   $ 4,244   $ 4,056  
 
·
Dolores projects
 
At the Dolores mine, the Company spent a total of $50.5 million in 2013 on various expansion projects which included completion of the phase I and start of the phase II of the pad 3 construction, expansion of leach pad 2, preliminary engineering for a future power line, and processing improvements. Management advanced the investigation into processing optimization opportunities, including the possibility of adding a milling and pulp agglomeration circuit to the processing flow sheet to enhance silver and gold recoveries on high grade ores.
 
·
Navidad
 
At the Navidad project, the Company spent a total of $2.8 million in 2013, of which $0.2 million was capitalized.
 
With the project placed on care and maintenance in the fourth quarter of 2012, the Company focused on local community support activities in Chubut. Activities related to project engineering, procurement and development have been curtailed since late 2012 until a new law is passed allowing for open pit mining and any associated tax and royalty implications can be assessed.
 
Pan American Silver Corp.
23

 

OVERVIEW OF 2013 FINANCIAL RESULTS
 
For the year ended December 31, 2013, the Company’s net income and cash flow from operations decreased from the comparable period in 2012. The results were primarily due to lower realized metal prices, partially offset by higher quantities of all metals sold.  In addition, write-downs of the Dolores mine and associated goodwill were recorded in the second and fourth quarters of 2013, due largely to the decline in precious metal prices.  Furthermore, reforms to Mexican taxes were enacted in the fourth quarter resulting in a charge to non-cash deferred taxes.
 
The following table sets out selected quarterly results for the past twelve quarters, which are stated in thousands of USD, except for the per share amounts.  The dominant factor affecting results in the quarters presented below is volatility of metal prices realized, industry wide cost pressures, and the timing of the sales of production which varies with the timing of shipments.  Beginning in the second quarter of 2012, results include the Dolores mine which was acquired with the completion of the Minefinders acquisition on March 30, 2012. The fourth quarter of 2012 included a partial write-down of the Navidad project discussed further in the section that follows.
 
   
Quarters Ended (unaudited)
 
Year
Ended
 
2013
 
March 31
   
June 30
   
Sept 30
   
Dec 31
 
Dec 31
 
Revenue
  $ 243,012     $ 175,576     $ 213,556     $ 192,360   $ 824,504  
Mine operating earnings
  $ 74,816     $ 3,814     $ 33,934     $ 18,955   $ 131,519  
Attributable (loss) earnings for the period
  $ 20,148     $ (186,539 )   $ 14,154     $ (293,615 ) $ (445,851 )
Adjusted attributable earnings (loss) for the period(2)(3)
  $ 40,044     $ (16,853 )   $ 12,158     $ (84,857 ) $ (49,507 )
Basic (loss) earnings per share
  $ 0.13     $ (1.23 )   $ 0.09     $ (1.94 ) $ (2.94 )
Diluted (loss) earnings per share
  $ 0.10     $ (1.23 )   $ 0.09     $ (1.94 ) $ (2.96 )
Cash flow from operating activities
  $ 32,251     $ 469     $ 40,730     $ 46,156   $ 119,606  
Cash dividends paid per share
  $ 0.125     $ 0.125     $ 0.125     $ 0.125   $ 0.50  
Other financial information
                                     
Total assets
                                $ 2,767,456  
Total long term financial liabilities
                                $ 110,088  
Total attributable shareholders’ equity
                                $ 2,182,334  

 
   
Quarters Ended (unaudited)
   
Year
Ended
 
2012
 
March 31
   
June 30
   
Sept 30
   
Dec 31
   
Dec 31
 
Revenue
 
 
Revenue
  $ 228,819     $ 200,597     $ 251,843     $ 247,335     $ 928,594  
Mine operating earnings(1)
  $ 101,896     $ 51,517     $ 65,440     $ 85,091     $ 303,944  
Attributable earnings (loss) for the period(1)
  $ 49,883     $ 36,920     $ 22,582     $ (31,185 )   $ 78,200  
Adjusted attributable earnings for the period (1)(2)
  $ 68,781     $ 8,108     $ 37,548     $ 54,110     $ 168,547  
Basic earnings (loss) per share(1)
  $ 0.47     $ 0.24     $ 0.15     $ (0.18 )   $ 0.56  
Diluted earnings (loss) per share(1)
  $ 0.47     $ 0.18     $ 0.15     $ (0.23 )   $ 0.49  
Cash flow from (used in) operating activities
  $ 37,395     $ (5,200 )   $ 79,507     $ 81,603     $ 193,305  
Cash dividends paid per share
  $ 0.0375     $ 0.0375     $ 0.05     $ 0.05     $ 0.175  
Other financial information
                                       
Total assets(1)
                                  $ 3,394,625  
Total long term financial liabilities
                                  $ 143,022  
Total attributable shareholders’ equity(1)
                                  $ 2,710,243  
 
Pan American Silver Corp.
24

 


   
Quarters Ended (unaudited)
   
Year
Ended
 
 2011
 
March 31
   
June 30
   
Sept 30
   
Dec 31
   
Dec 31
 
Revenue
  $ 190,481     $ 231,866     $ 220,567     $ 212,361     $ 855,275  
Mine operating earnings
  $ 96,018     $ 118,629     $ 106,208     $ 88,270     $ 409,125  
Attributable earnings for the period
  $ 92,161     $ 112,623     $ 52,354     $ 95,356     $ 352,494  
Adjusted attributable earnings for the period(2)
  $ 64,638     $ 76,093     $ 45,573     $ 64,362     $ 250,666  
Basic earnings per share
  $ 0.86     $ 1.04     $ 0.49     $ 0.89     $ 3.31  
Diluted earnings per share(4)
  $ 0.60     $ 1.04     $ 0.48     $ 0.89     $ 3.31  
Cash flow from operating activities
  $ 59,465     $ 104,127     $ 90,896     $ 104,967     $ 359,455  
Cash dividends paid
  $ 0.025     $ 0.025     $ 0.025     $ 0.025     $ 0.10  
Other financial information
                                       
Total assets
                                  $ 1,951,796  
Total long term financial liabilities
                                  $ 118,984  
Total shareholders’ equity
                                  $ 1,593,839  
(1)
Mine operating earnings, unadjusted and adjusted attributable earnings, and basic and diluted earnings per share for the quarters ended June 30, September 30, December 31, 2012 and the year ended December 31, 2012 have been recast for the finalization of the Minefinders purchase price allocation.  This recast also affected total assets and total attributable shareholders’ equity as at December 31, 2012.  Readers should refer to Notes of the Audited Consolidated Financial Statements for full details of the recast results.
(2)
Adjusted attributable earnings for the period is an alternative performance measure. Please refer to the section, Alternative Performance (Non-GAAP) Measures, of this MD&A for a calculation of adjusted earnings for the period.
(3)
The adjusted attributable loss for the three months ended June 30, 2013 has been revised to $(16,853) from the amount previously presented of $(9,371).   In Q2 2013, the Company added back $13.2 million of net realizable value of inventory write-downs ($7.5 million net of tax) applicable to certain doré and stockpiles.  As the doré was sold in the normal course of business during Q3 2013 and a partial reversal of the stockpile was recognized in Q3 2013, the Company no longer presents this item as an adjusting item.
(4)
The diluted earnings per share for the three months ended March 31, 2011 has been revised to $0.60 per share from the amount previously presented of $0.86 per share, to properly reflect the effect under IFRS of the dilutive share purchase warrants which are classified as a liability.

The following graph illustrates the key factors leading to the change from net earnings in the year ended December 31, 2012 to the net loss incurred in 2013. Further analysis of the key factors and the changes is discussed in the section that follows.
 

Pan American Silver Corp.
25

 

The following table reflects the metal prices that the Company realized and the quantities of metal sold during each period. As seen below, there was a sharp decline in realized metal prices for silver and gold, but also, a sharp increase in the quantities of all metals sold in 2013 compared to 2012.
 
   
Realized Metal Prices
 
Quantities of Metal Sold
   
Year ended December 31,
 
Year ended December 31,
   
2013
   
2012
 
2013
 
2012
Silver – in ounces
  $ 23.29 (1)   $ 31.26       25,478,014       23,037,493  
Gold – in ounces
  $ 1,398 (1)   $ 1,672       141,341       108,075  
Zinc – in tonnes
  $ 1,908 (2)   $ 1,971       37,510       31,443  
Lead – in tonnes
  $ 2,141 (2)   $ 2,071       13,262       11,396  
Copper – in tonnes
  $ 7,251 (2)   $ 7,879       4,718       3,412  
(1)
Metal price per ounce.
(2)
Metal price stated as cash settlement per tonne.
 
·
Income Statement
 
Earnings for 2013 were negative $445.8 million, compared to earnings of $78.4 million in 2012, and basic loss per share for 2013 of $2.94 compared to earnings of $0.56 per share in 2012.  Two key reasons behind the decrease in earnings in 2013 were that the Company recorded net of tax, non-cash write-downs of $420.4 million primarily related to the Dolores mine and associated goodwill (2012 – impairment charge of $100.0 million related to Navidad), in addition to an $86.8 million deferred tax adjustment arising from the introduction of Mexican tax reforms.  The Company’s bottom line benefited from increases in overall quantities of most metals sold, as reflected in the table above, but was offset by decreases in the realized metal prices received.  Higher cost of sales in 2013, which includes production costs, depreciation and amortization, and royalty expense, primarily reflected an increase in the quantities sold, with operating cost pressures more than offset by cost reduction benefits realized.
 
The following table highlights the key items that affected net income (loss) year over year.
 
Net earnings for 2012
  $ 78,355  
Increased sales volume
    158,022  
Decreased income tax expense
    45,359  
Decreased exploration expense
    21,271  
Net other items
    8,968  
Net of tax 2013 impairment, incremental to 2012 impairment
    (320,391 )
Decreased metal prices
    (253,494 )
Deferred tax impact of Mexican tax reform
    (86,800 )
Increased production costs (due to increased production)
    (32,451 )
Increased amortization
    (31,504 )
Net change in FX
    (20,214 )
Inventory adjustments to net realizable value
    (12,967 )
Net loss for 2013
  $ (445,846 )

Revenue for 2013 was $824.5 million, an 11% decrease from revenue for 2012 of $928.6 million.  This decrease was driven by a $253.5 million price variance from lower metal prices realized for most metals, inclusive of negative price and quantity adjustments in 2013 of $25.4 million, offset by a $158.0 million positive volume variance from higher quantities of metals sold.
 
Mine operating earnings were $131.5 million in 2013, a decrease of 57% from the $303.9 million generated in 2012.  This decrease resulted from the lower revenue noted above and an increase in cost of sales by $68.3 million, which primarily reflected higher volumes sold.  Mine operating earnings are equal to revenue less cost of sales, which is considered to be
 
Pan American Silver Corp.
26

 

substantially the same as gross margin.  Production costs included write-downs of in-process inventory to net realizable value of $13.0 million, which was comprised of a write-down of $10.3 million to heap leach inventories at Dolores and $2.7 million to dore inventory also at Dolores.
 
Net write-downs of mining assets and goodwill of $540.2 million pre-tax ($420.4 million net of tax) were recorded in 2013 as non-cash charges primarily related to the Dolores mine and associated goodwill arising upon the acquisition of Minefinders in 2012.
 
The sharp declines in metal prices that occurred in the quarter ended June 30, 2013 caused the Company to conclude that these were significant enough to constitute an indication of impairment, triggering impairment testing as per the Company’s accounting policies and applicable accounting standards.  In addition to the recent metal price declines, the valuation models also incorporated the potential implementation of new Mexican taxes. Accordingly, an impairment charge of $187.5 million, net of tax ($188.6 million before tax) comprised of goodwill of $184.7 million and non-current assets of $2.8 million, was determined to be appropriate in the second quarter of 2013.
 
Due to the sustained decrease in metal prices that began during the second quarter of 2013 and continued through the balance of the year, during the fourth quarter of 2013 the Company lowered the silver and gold prices assumed in its reserve and resource estimates and its life of mine cash flow models, and concluded that these changes constituted a further indication of impairment.
 
Based on the Company’s assessment at December 31, 2013 of the recoverable amounts of its mineral properties, determined on a fair value less costs to sell basis, the Company concluded that a further impairment charge was required for the Dolores mine. As a result, the Company recorded an impairment charge of $218.1 million, net of tax ($336.8 million before tax), which was allocated pro-rata amongst the Dolores mineral property ($194.6 million), exploration and evaluation property ($116.1 million) and property, plant and equipment assets ($26.1 million).  For the purposes of this impairment review, the Company’s key assumptions included the most current information on operating and capital costs, a long term silver price of $22 per ounce, a long term gold price of $1,300 per ounce, the effects of the Mexican tax reforms that were substantively enacted in the fourth quarter, and a risk adjusted project specific discount rate of 6%.  The Company used a median of analysts’ consensus pricing for the first four years of its economic modeling for impairment purposes, which had further deteriorated since June 30, 2013.  At December 31, 2013, the Company determined that the carrying value related to the Dolores mine of approximately $723.1 million, net of associated deferred tax liabilities, was greater than its recoverable amount of $505.1 million.
 
At June 30, 2013, the Company reclassified certain exploration assets from assets held for sale to exploration and evaluation property, which required assessment of their carrying amounts based on fair value less costs to sell.  These assets were classified as held for sale in the first quarter of 2013 when the Company entered into an agreement to potentially dispose of them and recorded an impairment charge of $18.3 million.  At June 30 2013, it was determined that the estimated recoverable value of the non-current assets on a fair value less costs to sell basis required an impairment recovery of $3.4 million and brought the impairment charge for these properties to approximately $14.9 million as of June 30, 2013.
 
The 2012 impairment charge of $100.0 million (with nil tax effect) related to the Navidad project in Argentina. The impairment was a result of the deterioration in economic conditions in Argentina including rampant inflation, increasing capital and operating costs, government imposed capital restrictions, and the nationalization of certain petroleum assets in 2012.These factors resulted in higher discount rates used in the company’s impairment testing for this project. The Company’s key assumptions were information on operating and capital costs, a
 
Pan American Silver Corp.
27

 

long term silver price of $25 per ounce along with long term forecast base metal prices, a probability weighted range of possible outcomes related to the timing of the start of construction, taxation, regulatory and economic risks including a range of possible future exchange rates between the USD and the Argentine peso (“ARG”) ranging from 4.5 to 10.5 ARS/USD, and a risk adjusted project specific discount rate of 12.5%.  It was determined that the estimated recoverable value of the Navidad project on a fair value less costs to sell (“FVLCTS”) was below its carrying value, and as a result an impairment charge of $100.0 million was recorded at December 31, 2012.  The Company concluded that, as at December 31, 2013 there was no further impairment or reversal of impairment to be recorded.
 
Key assumptions and sensitivity
 
The metal prices used to calculate the recoverable amounts at December 31, 2013 are based on analysts’ consensus prices and the Company’s long term reserve prices, and are summarized in the following table:
 
Commodity Prices
2014-2017 average
Long term
Silver Price - $/oz.
$22.43
$22.00
Gold Price - $/oz.
$1,338
$1,300
Zinc Price - $/DMT
$2,184
$1,850
Lead Price - $/DMT
$2,205
$1,950

Metal prices used at June 30, 2013

Commodity Prices
2013-2016 average
Long term
Silver Price - $/oz.
$26.79
$25.00
Gold Price - $/oz.
$1,508
$1,350
Zinc Price - $/DMT
$2,238
$1,750
Lead Price - $/DMT
$2,221
$1,850

Metal prices used at December 31, 2012

Commodity Prices
2013-2016 average
Long term
Silver Price - $/oz.
$30.38
$25.00
Gold Price - $/oz.
$1,647
$1,350
Zinc Price - $/DMT
$2,289
$1,750
Lead Price - $/DMT
$2,213
$1,850

The Company assesses impairment at the cash-generating unit (“CGU”) level, which is considered to be individual mine sites or development properties. The discount rates used to present value the Company’s life of mine cash flows are derived from the Company’s weighted average cost of capital which was calculated as 8% for 2013 (2012 – 8%), with rates applied to the various mines and projects ranging from 5.5% to 12.5% depending on the Company’s assessment of country risk, project risk, and other potential risks specific to each CGU.
 
The key assumptions in determining the recoverable value of the Company’s mineral properties are metal prices, operating and capital costs, foreign exchange rates and discount rates.  At December 31, 2013, the Company performed a sensitivity analysis on all key assumptions that assumed a negative 10% change for each individual assumption while holding the other
 
Pan American Silver Corp.
28

 

assumptions constant.  Under certain of such scenarios, the carrying value of the Company’s mineral properties associated with the Alamo Dorado mine and the Manantial Espejo mine may exceed their recoverable amount for the purposes of the impairment test.
 
For the Alamo Dorado mine, either of a decrease in the silver price of 2%, a decrease in the gold price of 8%, an increase in operating costs of 2%, or an appreciation of the Mexican peso of 5% would in isolation, cause the estimated recoverable amount to be equal to the carrying value of $ 57.7 million (2012–$56.9 million).  At December 31, 2012, none of these factors, if negatively affected by 10%, would have caused the carrying value to equal or exceed the recoverable value.
 
For the Manantial Espejo mine, either a decrease in the silver or gold price of 7%, or an increase in operating costs of 4% would, in isolation, cause the estimated recoverable amount to be equal to the carrying value of $ 160.5 million (2012–$146.7 million).  At December 31, 2012, none of these factors, if negatively affected by 10%, would have caused the carrying value to equal or exceed the recoverable value.
 
In the case of the Dolores mine, the Navidad project and certain non-core exploration properties, which all have had their carrying values adjusted to fair value less cost to sell through impairment charges, a modest decrease in any one key assumption would reduce the recoverable amount below the carrying amount as there is only a thin margin between the two.
 
Income taxes for 2013 were $16.8 million, a $78.8 million decrease from the $95.6 million income tax provision recorded in 2012 and were comprised of current and deferred income taxes as follows:
 
   
2013
   
2012 (Recast)
 
Current taxes
           
Current tax expense in respect of the current year
  $ 54,365     $ 93,857  
Adjustments recognized in the current year with respect to prior years
    1,326       7,193  
 
    55,691       101,050  
Deferred taxes
               
Deferred tax expense recognized in the current year
    (865 )     (965 )
Adjustments recognized in the current year with respect to prior years
    (523 )     (4,523 )
Adjustments to deferred tax attributable to changes in tax rates and laws
    86,825       -  
Reduction in deferred tax liabilities due to tax impact of impairment of property, plant, and equipment
    (119,800 )     -  
Reduction in deferred tax liabilities due to tax impact of net realizable value charge to inventory
    (4,571 )     -  
      (38,934 )     (5,488 )
Provision for income taxes
  $ 16,757     $ 95,562  

The decrease in the provision for income taxes was primarily a consequence of decreased taxable earnings generated at our operations as well as the effects of various temporary and permanent differences as shown in the table below. These result in effective tax rates that vary considerably from the comparable period and from the amount that would result from applying the Canadian federal and provincial statutory income tax rates to earnings before income taxes.  The main factors which have affected the effective tax rates for the year ended December 31, 2013 and the comparable period of 2012 were the non-taxable portion of the unrealized gains on the Company’s derivatives, foreign income tax rate differentials, additional mining taxes paid, and withholding taxes paid on payments from foreign subsidiaries.  In addition to the non-cash impairment charge the Company took on its Dolores assets, the Company recorded the
 
Pan American Silver Corp.
29

 

deferred tax impact of the Mexican corporate income tax rate increase and new special mining duty, which were substantively enacted in 2013.  The Company expects that these and other factors will continue to cause volatility in effective tax rates in the future.
 
   
2013
   
2012 (Recast)
 
(Loss) income before taxes
  $ (429,089 )   $ 173,917  
Statutory tax rate
    25.75 %     25.00 %
Income tax (recovery) expense based on above rates
  $ (110,490 )   $ 43,479  
(Increase ) decrease due to:
               
Non-deductible expenses
    5,198       5,170  
Change in net deferred tax assets not recognized
    3,598       5,145  
Non-taxable unrealized (gain) on derivative financial instruments – warrants and convertible notes
    (4,304 )     (6,040 )
Foreign tax rate differences
    (22,164 )     5,148  
Effect of other taxes paid (mining and withholding)
    14,451       9,418  
Change in net deferred tax assets not recognized for exploration expenses
    2,042       2,111  
Non- deductible foreign exchange (gain) loss
    242       (2,549 )
Impairment charges
    41,166       35,003  
Impact of Mexican tax reform
    86,825       -  
Other
    193       (1,323 )
    $ 16,757     $ 95,562  
Effective tax rate
    (3.91 %)     54.95 %
*
The 2013 statutory income tax rates in the countries that the Company has operations in are as follows: Argentina – 35%, Bolivia – 25%, Mexico –30%, Peru – 30%.
*
The 2012 amounts have been recast to reflect the final Purchase Price Allocation for the Acquisition of Minefinders.
 
·
Statement of Cash Flows
 
Cash flow from operations generated $119.6 million in 2013, a 38% decrease from the $193.3 million generated a year ago.  A large part of the decrease in cash flow from operations resulted from the decrease in cash mine operating earnings, as discussed previously, partly offset by less payment for income taxes.  In 2013, $98.0 million was paid in cash income taxes compared to $152.3 million paid in 2012, largely as a result of higher taxable income generated in 2012.  Cash income tax payments have a lagged effect and as such a portion of 2013 taxes paid related to the high operating income of 2012.  Changes in non-cash working capital used $1.7 million compared to $11.1 million used in 2012.
 
Investing activities used $125.3 million in 2013, inclusive of $19.9 million generated from net short-term investment liquidations and $13.7 million cash generated by proceeds of asset dispositions.  The balance of investing activities consisted primarily of spending $159.4 million on capital at the Company’s mines and projects as described in the “2013 Operational Performance” section above.

Investing activities used $39.3 million in 2012, inclusive of $30.4 million generated from net short-term investment liquidations and $86.5 million in net cash acquired in the acquisition of Minefinders.  Capital at the Company’s mines and projects in 2012 used $159.9 million, similar to 2013.
 
Financing activities in 2013 used $90.2 million, whereas financing activities in 2012 used $70.8 million.  Cash used in financing activities in 2013 consisted of $75.8 million paid as dividends to shareholders, $6.7 million used in the share buy-back program, and $30.2 million in repayments of construction and equipment leases which was offset by $23.5 million received as proceeds (in Argentine pesos) from a short term bank loan received by one of the Company’s subsidiaries for short term cash management purposes and mitigating exposure to foreign exchange risk.
 
Pan American Silver Corp.
30

 

In 2012, the $70.8 million in cash used in financing activities consisted primarily of $41.7 million used for the share buy-back program, $24.9 million in dividend payments to our shareholders, and $6.2 million repaid to construction and equipment leases which was offset by $3.2 million in proceeds from the exercising of options and warrants.
 
·
Income Statement Q4 2013
 
The following table reflects the metal prices that the Company realized and the quantities of metal sold during each respective period.
 
   
Realized Metal Prices
   
Quantities of Metal Sold
 
   
Three months ended December 31,
   
Three months ended December 31,
 
   
2013
   
2012
   
2013
   
2012
 
Silver – in ounces
  $ 20.28 (1)   $ 33.41       6,436,002       5,678,802  
Gold – in ounces
  $ 1,285 (1)   $ 1,729       39,746       30,216  
Zinc – in tonnes
  $ 1,911 (2)   $ 2,049       9,394       6,782  
Lead – in tonnes
  $ 2,143 (2)   $ 2,374       3,635       2,095  
Copper – in tonnes
  $ 6,915 (2)   $ 8,066       1,286       1,018  
(1)
Metal price per ounce.
(2)
Metal price stated as cash settlement per tonne.

Earnings in the fourth quarter of 2013 (“Q4 2013”) were a loss of $293.1 million or $1.94 per share compared to a net loss of $31.5 million or $0.18 per share for the comparable period in 2012.  As discussed previously, in Q4 2013 the Company recorded a non-cash write-down related to the Dolores mine of $218.1 million net of tax as well as an $86.8 million deferred tax adjustment arising from Mexican tax reforms.  In Q4 2012 the Company recorded a write-down of $100.0 million related to the Navidad project.
 
Revenue for Q4 2013 was $192.4 million, a 22% decrease from revenue in the comparable period in 2012.  This decrease was driven by significantly lower metal prices realized, offset by higher quantities of all metals sold, as illustrated in the table above.
 
Mine operating earnings decreased to $19.0 million in Q4 2013 from $85.1 million in the same quarter last year.  The lower revenue described above, combined with the higher cost of sales and depreciation and amortization largely due to higher volumes, resulted in lower mine operating earnings. Cost of sales for Q4 2013 of $173.4 million was an increase of 7% from $162.2 million in the comparable period last year.
 
Income tax provision during Q4 2013 amounted to a recovery of $19.3 million compared to an expense of $22.1 million in Q4 2012.  The main factors which impacted the effective tax rates for Q4 2013 versus the expected statutory rate were similar to those described above for the full year 2013.  The primary reason for the change in the provision from an expense to a recovery is the tax impact of the fourth quarter impairment charges offset by the impact of the adjustment arising upon the enactment of the Mexican tax reforms.
 
A net write-down of mining assets related to the Dolores mine was recorded in the fourth quarter as described previously, amounting to $218.1 million, net of tax ($336.8 million before tax).
 
·
Statement of Cash Flows Q4 2013
 
Cash flow from operations generated $46.2 million in Q4 2013, down from the $81.6 million generated one year ago.  The change is largely explained by the decrease in cash mine operating earnings, excluding non-cash depreciation and amortization, and to a lesser degree
 
Pan American Silver Corp.
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the change in working capital.  Changes in non-cash working capital generated $21.4 million compared with working capital using $2.2 million in Q4 2012.  The net non-cash working capital generated in Q4 2013 consisted primarily of a decrease in accounts receivable and prepaids of $10.8 million, an increase in accounts payable and accrued liabilities of $8.2 million, and a decrease in inventories of $2.3 million.  In Q4 2012, the net working capital used was an aggregate of various, largely offsetting timing differences in the normal course of operations.
 
Cash flow from investing activities used $13.4 million in Q4 2013.  This consisted primarily of $41.2 million in liquidations of short term investments, and an aggregate of $33.7 million in capital investments at the operating mines.  Investing activities in Q4 of 2012 used $140.9 million, which consisted primarily of $77.1 million in the purchase of short term investments and an additional $65.3 million in capital investments at the operating mines.
 
Financing activities in Q4 2013 used $17.2 million and consisted primarily of $18.9 million in dividend payments to our shareholders offset by $4.9 million in proceeds received from a short term bank loan received by one of the Company’s subsidiaries for short term cash management purposes and mitigating exposure to foreign exchange risk.  In Q4 of 2012, financing activities used $20.1 million and consisted primarily of $10.7 million used for the share buy-back program and $7.6 million in dividend payments to our shareholders.
 
INVESTMENTS AND INVESTMENT INCOME
 
At the end of 2013, cash plus short-term investments were $422.7 million ($542.3 million at December 31, 2012), as described in the “Liquidity Position” section below.
 
Pan American’s investment objectives for its cash balances are to preserve capital, to provide liquidity and to maximize return. The Company’s strategy to achieve these objectives is to invest excess cash balances in a portfolio of primarily fixed income instruments with specified credit rating targets established by the Board of Directors, and by diversifying the currencies in which it maintains its cash balances.
 
Investment income for the year ended December 31, 2013 totalled $3.1 million (2012 - $6.2 million) and consisted mainly of interest income and net gains from the sales of the securities within the Company’s short-term investment portfolio.
 
GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSE
 
General and administrative costs, including share based compensation, decreased by 15% in 2013 to $17.6 million (2012 - $20.8 million).  This decrease was primarily as a result of the cost reduction initiatives adopted by the Company in response to the reduced metal price environment.
 
Our 2014 general and administrative costs, including share based compensation, are expected to increase slightly from our 2013 level to approximately $19.6 million.  This figure is subject to fluctuations in the Canadian dollar (“CAD”) to USD exchange rate as well as the Company’s ability to allocate certain head office costs that are directly attributable to operating subsidiaries.
 
The following table compares our general and administrative forecast for 2014 against the general and administrative costs incurred over the previous two years, as well as on a per ounce of silver produced basis, a non-GAAP measure.
 
Pan American Silver Corp.
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Forecast
 
Actual
 
 
2014
 
2013
 
2012
 
General and administrative costs
(in ‘000s of USD)
  $ 19,600   $ 17,596     $ 20,790  
Silver production (in ‘000s of ounces)
    26,250 (1)   25,959       25,075  
General and administrative costs per silver ounce produced(2)
  $ 0.75   $ 0.68     $ 0.83  
(1)
Forecast silver production at the mid-point of the guidance given in this MD&A for the Company’s existing operations.
(2)
General and administrative costs per silver ounce produced is a non-GAAP measure used by the Company to assess the amount of general and administrative costs relative to production.  It is calculated as general and administrative costs divided by total ounces of silver production in the period.
 
RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
 
During the year ended December 31, 2013, a company indirectly owned by a trust of which a director of the Company, Robert Pirooz, is a beneficiary, was paid $0.4 million (2012 - $0.3 million) for consulting services, charged to general and administrative costs.  Similarly, at December 31, 2013 an accrual was recorded for consulting services from the same individual under the same arrangement for a nominal amount (2012 – nominal amount).  These transactions are in the normal course of operations and are measured at the exchange amount, which is the amount of consideration established and agreed to by the parties.
 
The remuneration of directors and other members of key management personnel during the year was as follows:
 
   
2013
   
2012
 
Short-term benefits
  $ 8,274     $ 7,288  
Share-based payments
    1,890       1,857  
    $ 10,164     $ 9,145  
 
EXPLORATION AND PROJECT DEVELOPMENT
 
Exploration and project development expenses in 2013 were $15.5 million compared to $36.7 million incurred in 2012.  The expenses incurred in 2013 were reduced from the prior year levels given the decline in metal prices. Exploration activities in 2013 focused on greenfield exploration in the vicinity of our existing mines.
 
Our greenfield exploration activities in 2014 are expected to cost approximately $15.8 million, which will be expensed. Greenfield exploration drilling will again be focused in the vicinity of our current operations and only a few select additional projects will attract expenditures.
 
The 2013 near-mine exploration programs were successful at replacing 119% of the 2013 contained silver ounces mined by adding 6.4 million ounces to the proven and probable mineral reserves having completed nearly 150 kilometers of diamond drilling at the operating mines at a cost of $16.3 million, most of which was capitalized.
 
Our near-mine exploration program will continue to be very active in 2014 with approximately 106 km of drilling planned.  The cost of these programs is included as part of each mine’s capital budget (exploration and resource to reserve conversion drilling) or included in its operating costs (infill drilling).  The total amount expected to be spent on this drilling in 2014 is approximately $13.9 million.  The main objective of this program is to replace reserves and
 
Pan American Silver Corp.
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resources mined at our sites and as such, expenditures related to this program will be capitalized. The main targets for these reserve additions include the Amolillo and NC zones at La Colorada, Morro Solar at Morococha, Tapada and San Narciso at Huaron, Maria and Melissa at Manantial Espejo, and Litoral-R2 at San Vicente. Inferred resources will also be defined for future upgrade to reserves at each operation. At Dolores, the south zone will be upgraded to indicated, the confidence level to be converted to reserves once economic viability is demonstrated, and the far south extension of the two main structures will be tested at wide spacing.
 
LIQUIDITY POSITION
 
The Company’s cash balance at December 31, 2013 was $249.9 million, which was a decrease of $96.3 million from the balance at December 31, 2012.  The balance of the Company’s short-term investments at December 31, 2013 was $172.8 million, a decrease of $23.3 million from a year ago.  The decrease in net cash and short term investments in 2013 resulted primarily from capital expenditures on property, plant and equipment, the payment of dividends to our shareholders, and the cash utilized to repay construction leases that outpaced cash generated by operating activities, proceeds from short term loans and proceeds from the sales of assets.
 
The Company does not own any asset-backed commercial paper or other similar, known, at-risk investments in its investment portfolio.
 
Working capital at December 31, 2013 was $689.0 million, a decrease of $74.9 million from the prior year-end’s working capital of $764.0 million.  The decrease in working capital was due to the decrease in cash and short-term investments described above, a decrease in accounts receivable of $19.8 million, and an increase in loans payable of $20.1 million.  These items were partially offset by a change in net taxes payable of $44.9 million, a decrease in accounts payables, current portion of leases and provisions of $22.4 million, and an increase in inventories of $17.7 million.  These changes to non-cash working capital were in the normal course of operations and fluctuated with the timing of payments, receipts, and shipments.
 
The Company’s financial position at December 31, 2013, and the operating cash flows that are expected over the next twelve months, lead management to believe that the Company’s liquid assets are sufficient to fund currently planned capital expenditures for existing operations and to discharge liabilities as they come due.  Please refer to the “2014 Operating Outlook” section of this MD&A for a more detailed description of the sustaining capital expenditures planned for each mine in 2014.  The Company remains well positioned to take advantage of strategic opportunities as they become available.
 
The impact of inflation on the Company’s financial position, operational performance, or cash flows over the next twelve months cannot be determined with any degree of certainty.
 
CAPITAL RESOURCES
 
Total attributable shareholders’ equity at December 31, 2013 was $2,182.3 million, a decrease of $527.9 million from December 31, 2012, primarily as a result of the net loss incurred in the current year, dividends paid, and the share repurchase and cancellation program.  As at December 31, 2013, the Company had approximately 151.5 million common shares outstanding for a share capital balance of $2,295.2 million (December 31, 2012 – 151.8 million and $2,300.5 million).  The basic weighted average number of common shares outstanding was 151.5 million and 140.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2013, and 2012, respectively. The increase in 2013 was due to the shares issued as consideration in the Minefinders acquisition on March 30, 2012.
 
Pan American Silver Corp.
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On November 28, 2013, the Company announced that the Toronto Stock Exchange (the “TSX”) accepted the Company’s notice of its intention to make a normal course issuer bid (“NCIB”) to purchase up to 7,570,535 of its common shares, representing up to 5% of Pan American’s issued and outstanding shares.  The period of the bid began on December 5, 2013 and will continue until December 4, 2014 or an earlier date should the Company complete its purchases. This is the Company’s third consecutive NCIB program; however no shares have been repurchased under this program up until the date of this MD&A.  Under the Company’s previous program that ended on September 3, 2013, the Company acquired a total of 1,012,900 of its common shares at an average price of $17.21, 415,000 of such shares being purchased in the calendar year 2013. Since initiating share buy backs in 2011, the Company has acquired and cancelled approximately 6.5 million of its shares.
 
Purchases pursuant to the NCIB are required to be made on the open market through the facilities of the TSX and the NASDAQ at the market price at the time of acquisition of any common shares, and in accordance with the rules and policies of the TSX and NASDAQ and applicable securities laws.  Pan American is not obligated to make any further purchases under the program.   All common shares acquired by the Company under the share buy-back programs have been cancelled and purchases were funded out of Pan American’s working capital.
 
Pan American maintains the NCIB because, in the opinion of its Board of Directors, the market price of its common shares, from time to time, may not fully reflect the underlying value of its mining operations, properties and future growth prospects.  The Company believes that in such circumstances, the outstanding common shares represent an appealing investment for Pan American since a portion of the Company’s excess cash generated on an annual basis can be invested for an attractive risk adjusted return on capital through the share buy-back program.
 
A copy of the Company’s notice of its intention to make a NCIB filed with the TSX can be obtained from the Corporate Secretary of Pan American without charge.
 
As at December 31, 2013, the Company had approximately 1.4 million stock options outstanding, with exercise prices in the range of CAD $11.49 to CAD $40.22 and a weighted average life of 52 months.  Approximately 1.0 million of the stock options were vested and exercisable at December 31, 2013 with an average weighted exercise price of $23.90 per share.  Additionally, as described in the December 31, 2013 audited financial statements in the notes entitled Acquisition and Divestiture and Long Term Debt (Notes 6.a and 18, respectively in the consolidated audited financial statements), the Company has outstanding convertible notes associated with the Minefinders acquisition that could result in the issuance of a variable amount of common shares.
 
The following table sets out the common shares, warrants and options outstanding as at the date of this MD&A:
 
 
Outstanding as at
March 26, 2014
Common shares
151,500,294
Warrants
7,814,605
Options
1,397,370
Total
160,712,269

The warrants noted were all issued as part of the Aquiline acquisition in December of 2009, and expire in December 2014, with an exercise price of CAD $35.00.
 
Pan American Silver Corp.
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FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
 
From time to time, Pan American mitigates the price risk associated with its base metal production by committing some of its future production under forward sales or option contracts.  However, at December 31, 2013, the Company had no metal under contract.  At December 31, 2012, the Company had zinc option contracts for 7,500 tonnes, with floor and cap strike prices assuring settlement between $2,000 and $2,200 per tonne on that quantity of zinc, that were settled monthly between January and December of 2013.
 
A part of the Company’s operating and capital expenditures is denominated in local currencies other than the USD.  These expenditures are exposed to fluctuations in USD exchange rates relative to the local currencies.  From time to time, the Company mitigates part of this currency exposure by accumulating local currencies, entering into contracts designed to fix or limit the Company’s exposure to changes in the value of local currencies relative to the USD, or assuming liability positions to offset financial assets subject to currency risk.  The Company held cash and short term investments of $156.6 million in CAD and $6.1 million in Mexican pesos at the balance sheet date.  At December 31, 2013 and at the date of this MD&A, all foreign currency forward contract positions had been closed out.  Additionally, in the second and fourth quarters of 2013, the Company entered into short term bank loans in Argentina for proceeds of $18.6 million and $4.9 million. These loans are denominated in Argentine pesos and were drawn for the purposes of short term cash management and to partially offset the foreign exchange exposure of holding local currency denominated financial assets.
 
In response to the sharp decline in silver and gold prices in the quarter ended June 30, 2013, the Company evaluated its alternatives to mitigate the financial risk of further price declines.  The Company decided it was appropriate to protect a portion of its precious metal production associated with its higher cost Peruvian and Argentine operations against the potential of further price erosion.  As such, during July 2013, the Company entered into forward contracts of up to one year for up to 25% of its silver and gold production, contracting for the sale of 5.3 million ounces of silver and 24,000 ounces of gold.
 
On September 10, 2013, the Company decided to accelerate the closing out of its outstanding silver and gold hedges after a re-evaluation of the financial risk of further price declines. The total realized loss recognized from closing the Company’s silver and gold hedges in 2013 was $5.1 million. At December 31, 2013 there were no outstanding positions under this program.
 
In aggregate, the Company recorded a net loss on its forward contracts and commodity and foreign currency contracts of $4.6 million in 2013, compared to a gain of $0.4 million in 2012.
 
The carrying value of share purchase warrants and the conversion feature on convertible notes are at fair value; while cash, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued liabilities approximate their fair value due to the relatively short periods to maturity of these financial instruments.
 
The Company’s share purchase warrants are classified and accounted for as financial liabilities and, as such, are measured at their fair values with changes in fair values reported in the income statement as gain/loss on derivatives.  The Company used as its assumptions for calculating fair value of the 7.8 million warrants outstanding at December 31, 2013 a risk free interest rate of 1.0%, expected stock price volatility of 46.8%, expected life of 0.93 years (expiry in December 2014), expected dividend yield of 4.0%, a quoted market price of the Company’s shares on the TSX of $12.41, an exchange rate of 1 CAD to USD of 0.94, and an exercise price of CAD $35 per share.  The change in the valuation of these share purchase warrants creates a permanent difference for tax purposes and results in significant volatility of our effective tax rate.
 
Pan American Silver Corp.
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The conversion feature of the convertible notes acquired in the Minefinders transaction is carried at fair value and is adjusted each period.  The Company has the right to pay all or part of the liability associated with the Company’s outstanding convertible notes in cash on the conversion date.  Accordingly, the Company classifies the convertible notes as a financial liability with an embedded derivative.  The financial liability and embedded derivative were recognized initially at their respective fair values.  The embedded derivative is now recognized at fair value with changes in fair value reflected in profit or loss and the debt liability component is recognized as amortized cost using the effective interest method.  Interest gains and losses related to the debt liability component or embedded derivatives are recognized in profit or loss.  On conversion, the equity instrument is measured at the carrying value of the liability component and the fair value of the derivative component on the conversion date. Assumptions used in the fair value calculation of the embedded derivative component at December 31, 2013 were expected stock price volatility of 44%, expected life of 1.96 years, and expected dividend yield of 4%.
 
During the years ended December 31, 2013 and 2012, the Company recorded a gain on the revaluation of the share purchase warrants and the convertible notes of $16.7 million and $24.2 million, respectively.
 
Fair value estimates are made at a specific point in time, based on relevant market information and information about the financial instrument.  These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and, therefore, cannot be determined with precision.  Changes in assumptions could significantly affect the estimates.

CLOSURE AND DECOMMISSIONING COST PROVISION
 
The estimated future closure and decommissioning costs are based principally on the requirements of relevant authorities and the Company’s environmental policies.  The provision is measured using management’s assumptions and estimates for future cash outflows.  The Company accrues these costs initially at their fair value, which are determined by discounting costs using rates specific to the underlying obligation. Upon recognition of a liability for the closure and decommissioning costs, the Company capitalizes these costs to the related mine and amortizes it over the life of each mine on a unit-of-production basis except in the case of exploration projects for which the offset to the liability is expensed.  The accretion of the discount due to the passage of time is recognized as an increase in the liability and a finance expense.
 
The total inflated and undiscounted amount of estimated cash flows required to settle the Company’s estimated future closure and decommissioning costs is $107.5 million (2012 - $83.5 million) which has been discounted using discount rates between 4% and 11%.  The provision on the statement of financial position as at December 31, 2013 is $41.4 million (2012 - $45.6 million).  Decommissioning obligations at the Alamo Dorado and Manantial Espejo mines are estimated to be incurred starting in two to three years, respectively, while the remainder of the obligations are expected to be paid through 2035 or later if mine life is extended.  Revisions made to the reclamation obligations in 2013 were primarily a result of increased site disturbance from the ordinary course of operations at the mines as well as revisions to the estimates based on periodic reviews of closure plans, actual expenditures incurred, and concurrent closure activities completed. These obligations will be funded from operating cash flows, reclamation deposits, and cash on hand.
 
The accretion of the discount charged to 2013 earnings as finance expense was $3.0 million in line with $3.0 million in 2012.  Reclamation expenditures incurred during the current year were down slightly from the previous year at $0.4 million (2012 - $0.9 million).
 
Pan American Silver Corp.
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CONTRACTUAL COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
 
The Company does not have any off-balance sheet arrangements or commitments that have a current or future effect on its financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of  operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources, that are material, other than those disclosed in this MD&A and the Audited Consolidated Financial Statements and the related notes.
 
The Company had the following contractual obligations at the end of 2013:
 
Payments due by period 2013
 
   
Total
   
Within 1 year(2)
   
2 - 3 years
   
4- 5 years
   
After 5 years
 
Finance lease obligations(1)
  $ 10,856     $ 4,800     $ 4,417     $ 1,639     $ -  
Current liabilities
    156,241       156,241       -       -       -  
Loan obligation
    20,095       20,095       -       -       -  
Severance accrual
    3,726       649       412       2,138       527  
Employee compensation plan(3)
    3,228       3,228       -       -       -  
Restricted share units (“RSUs”)(3)
    2,288       1,393       895               -  
Convertible notes (4)
    39,497       1,631       37,866       -       -  
Total contractual obligations(5)
  $ 235,931     $ 188,037     $ 43,590     $ 3,777     $ 527  
(1)
Includes lease obligations in the amount of $10.9 million (December 31, 2012 - $39.7 million) with a net present value of $10.2 million (December 31, 2012 - $36.4 million) and equipment and construction advances in the amount of nil (December 31, 2012 - $0.4 million); both discussed.
(2)
Includes all current liabilities as per the statement of financial position less items presented separately in this table that are expected to be paid but not accrued in the books of the Company. A reconciliation of the current liabilities balance per the statement of financial position to the total contractual obligations within one year per the commitment schedule is shown in the table below.

   
2013
   
2012
(Recast)
 
Total current liabilities per Statements of Financial Position
  $ 182,632     $ 207,861  
Add:
               
Future interest component of:
               
-  Finance lease
    363       1,286  
-  Convertible note
    1,631       1,631  
Future commitments less portion accrued for:
               
-  Restricted share units
    1,050       768  
-  Contribution plan
    2,361       1,768  
Total contractual obligations within one year
  $ 188,037     $ 213,314  
(3)
Includes a retention plan obligation in the amount of $3.4 million (2012 - $7.8 million) that vests in two instalments, the first 50% on June 1, 2013 and the remaining 50% on June 1, 2014 and a RSU obligation in the amount of $2.3 million (2012 – $1.7 million) that will be settled in cash.  The RSU’s vest in two instalments, the first 50% vest on December 7, 2013 and a further 50% vest on December 7, 2014.
(4)
Represents the face value of the replacement convertible note and future interest payments related to the Minefinders acquisition.
(5)
Amounts above do not include payments related to the Company’s anticipated closure and decommissioning obligation, the deferred credit arising from the Aquiline acquisition discussed in Note 19 and deferred tax liabilities of the Audited Consolidated Financial Statements.
 
MINEFINDERS TRANSACTION
 
On March 30, 2012, the Company announced that it had completed the acquisition of all of the issued and outstanding common shares of Minefinders.
 
Purchase Price Allocation
 
The purchase consideration total was $1,264.3 million, comprised of $1,088.1 million in common shares of Pan American, (approximately 49.4 million shares issued), $165.4 million in cash, and $10.7 million in replacement options.  The Company incurred approximately $16.2 million of transaction costs.
 
The purchase consideration has been allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based upon their estimated fair values at the date of acquisition.  Fair values were determined using the income, cost and market price valuation methods as deemed appropriate. The purchase price allocation was finalized during the quarter ended March 31, 2013, with the assistance of an independent third party, resulting in adjustments to the preliminary allocations.
 
Pan American Silver Corp.
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These adjustments resulted in a $10.7 million increase in fair value allocated to mineral interests as compared to the preliminary fair value.  Retrospective application of the changes made to the allocation of the purchase consideration in the first quarter of 2013 decreased retained earnings, a component of equity as of December 31, 2012 and net earnings due to an increase in depreciation and value of inventory by $9.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2012.
 
Goodwill has been recognized as a result of the requirement to record a deferred tax liability for the difference between the fair values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed over the tax bases of assets acquired and liabilities assumed. None of the goodwill is deductible for tax purposes.
 
The following tables summarize the final purchase consideration, the preliminary purchase price allocation reported in the Company 2012 year-end financial statements and the final purchase price allocation, with the applicable recast adjustments made upon finalization during the 2013 first quarter.
 
Purchase consideration
     
Cash
  $ 165,413  
Replacement option award
    10,739  
Fair value of Pan American shares issued
    1,088,104  
    $ 1,264,256  

Purchase price allocation
 
Preliminary
   
Adjustments
   
Final
 
Net working capital acquired(1)
  $ 333,478     $ (897 )   $ 332,581  
Mineral property, plant and equipment
    1,045,326       10,728       1,056,054  
Goodwill
    211,292       (12,346 )     198,946  
Closure and decommissioning provisions
    (10,880 )     5,316       (5,564 )
Long-term debt
    (49,685 )     -       (49,685 )
Deferred tax liabilities
    (265,275 )     (2,801 )     (268,076 )
    $ 1,264,256     $ -     $ 1,264,256  
(1)
Includes cash of $251.9 million for net cash received of $86.5 million and accounts receivable of $11.3 million.

Further details related to the Minefinders transaction can be found in Note 6 of the consolidated financial statements.
 
ALTERNATIVE PERFORMANCE (NON-GAAP) MEASURES
 
·
Cash and Total Costs per Ounce of Silver, net of by-product credits
 
Pan American produces by-product metals incidentally to our silver mining activities. For the year ended December 31, 2013, sales of silver contributed approximately 64% of our total revenues while by-products were responsible for the remaining 36%.  We have adopted the practice of calculating the net cost of producing an ounce of silver, our primary payable metal, after deducting revenues gained from incidental by-product production, as a performance measure. This performance measurement has been commonly used in the mining industry for many years and was developed as a relatively simple way of comparing the net production costs of the primary metal for a specific period against the prevailing market price of that metal. 
 
Cash costs per ounce, net of by-product credits, are utilized extensively in our internal decision making processes.  We believe they are useful to investors as these metrics facilitate comparison, on a mine by mine basis, notwithstanding the unique mix of incidental by-product production at each mine, of our operations’ relative performance on a period by period basis, and against the operations of our peers in the silver industry on a consistent basis.
 
Pan American Silver Corp.
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To facilitate a better understanding of these measures as calculated by the Company, the following table provides the detailed reconciliation of these measures to the production costs, as reported in the consolidated income statements for the respective periods:
 
Total Cash Costs and Total Production Costs per Ounce of Payable Silver, net of by-product credits
 
(Unaudited in thousands of U.S. dollars)
 
         
Twelve months ended
December 31,
 
         
2013
   
2012
(Recast)
 
Production costs
        $ 530,613     $ 485,163  
Add/(Subtract)
                     
Royalties
          26,459       35,077  
Smelting, refining, and transportation charges
          76,837       68,098  
Worker’s participation and voluntary payments
          (1,067 )     (1,573 )
Change in inventories
          (625 )     11,358  
Other
          (5,408 )     (2,475 )
Non-controlling interests(2)
          (5,967 )     (6,914 )
Metal Inventory write-down
          (12,967 )     -  
Cash Operating Costs before by-product credits
          607,875       588,734  
Less gold credit
          (205,207 )     (184,300 )
Less zinc credit
          (69,776 )     (62,155 )
Less lead credit
          (27,757 )     (24,676 )
Less copper credit
          (39,341 )     (31,904 )
Cash Operating Costs net of by-product credits
    A       265,794       285,699  
                         
Add/(Subtract)
                       
Depreciation and amortization
            135,913       104,409  
Closure and decommissioning provision
            3,030       2,999  
Change in inventories
            5,452       10,017  
Other
            (971 )     (746 )
Non-controlling interests(2)
            (1,964 )     (1,504 )
Total Production Costs net of by-product credits(1)
    B     $ 407,254     $ 400,874  
                         
Payable Silver Production (oz.)
    C       24,586,527       23,746,108  
Total Cash Costs per ounce net of by-product credits
    (A*$1000)/C     $ 10.81       12.03  
Total Production Costs per ounce net of by-product credits
    (B*$1000)/C     $ 16.56       16.88  
(1)
Figures in this table and in the associated tables below may not add due to rounding.
(2)
Figures presented in the reconciliation table above are on a 100% basis as presented in the unaudited condensed interim consolidated financial statements with an adjustment line item to account for the portion of the Morococha and San Vicente mines owned by non-controlling interests, an expense item not included in operating cash costs.  The associated tables below are for the Company’s share of ownership only.
 
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Twelve months ended December 31, 2013
 
         
La
Colorada
   
Alamo Dorado
   
Dolores
   
Huaron
   
Morococha
   
Quiruvilca
   
San Vicente
   
Manantial Espejo
   
Consolidated Total
 
Cash Costs before by-product credits
  A     $ 61,554     $ 62,454     $ 117,203     $ 99,909     $ 84,203     $ -     $ 67,123     $ 110,810     $ 603,256  
Less gold credit
  b1     $ (2,894 )   $ (24,194 )   $ (91,113 )   $ (178 )   $ (2,614 )   $ -     $ -     $ (83,995 )   $ (204,988 )
Less zinc credit
  b2     $ (10,895 )   $ -       -     $ (22,285 )   $ (24,154 )   $ -     $ (9,898 )   $ -     $ (67,232 )
Less lead credit
  b3     $ (6,605 )   $ -     $ -     $ (11,722 )   $ (7,577 )   $ -     $ (1,157 )   $ -     $ (27,061 )
Less copper credit
  b4     $ -     $ (712 )   $ -     $ (23,605 )   $ (13,862 )   $ -     $ -     $ -     $ (38,179 )
Sub-total by-product credits
 
B=( b1+ b2+ b3+ b4)
    $ (20,394 )   $ (24,906 )   $ (91,113 )   $ (57,790 )   $ (48,207 )   $ -     $ (11,055 )   $ (83,995 )   $ (337,460 )
Cash Costs net of by-product credits
 
C=(A+B)
    $ 41,160     $ 37,548     $ 26,090     $ 42,119     $ 35,996     $ -     $ 56,068     $ 26,815     $ 265,796  
Depreciation, amortization & reclamation
  D     $ 8,010     $ 17,813     $ 44,211     $ 11,667     $ 17,649     $ -     $ 9,226     $ 32,885     $ 141,461  
Total production costs net of by-product credits
 
E=(C+D)
    $ 49,170     $ 55,361     $ 70,301     $ 53,786     $ 53,645     $ -     $ 65,294     $ 59,700     $ 407,257  
                                                                                 
Payable ounces of silver
  F       4,364,727       5,042,779       3,493,766       2,883,758       2,049,487       -       3,614,290       3,137,720       24,586,527  
                                                                                 
Cash cost per Ounce of Silver net of by-product credits
                                                                               
                                                                                 
Total cash cost per ounce net of by-products
 
=C*1000/F
    $ 9.43     $ 7.45     $ 7.47     $ 14.61     $ 17.56     $ -     $ 15.51     $ 8.55     $ 10.81  
Total production cost per ounce net of by-products
 
=E *1000/F
    $ 11.27     $ 10.98     $ 20.12     $ 18.65     $ 26.17     $ -     $ 18.07     $ 19.03     $ 16.56  


   
Twelve months ended December 2012
 
         
La
Colorada
   
Alamo Dorado
   
Dolores*
   
Huaron
   
Morococha
   
Quiruvilca**
   
San Vicente
   
Manantial Espejo
   
Consolidated Total
 
Cash Costs before by-product credits
  A     $ 56,228     $ 57,536     $ 82,926     $ 89,341     $ 82,958     $ 17,219     $ 73,311     $ 125,233     $ 584,752  
Less gold credit
  b1     $ (5,240 )   $ (29,809 )   $ (72,198 )   $ (197 )   $ (3,840 )   $ (550 )   $ -     $ (72,140 )   $ (183,974 )
Less zinc credit
  b2     $ (9,270 )   $ -       -     $ (19,096 )   $ (19,281 )   $ (4,391 )   $ (8,058 )   $ -     $ (60,096 )
Less lead credit
  b3     $ (5,304 )   $ -     $ -     $ (9,215 )   $ (6,956 )   $ (1,448 )   $ (1,104 )   $ -     $ (24,027 )
Less copper credit
  b4     $ -     $ (746 )   $ -     $ (16,939 )   $ (11,174 )   $ (2,097 )   $ -     $ -     $ (30,956 )
Sub-total by-product credits
 
B=( b1+ b2+ b3+ b4)
    $ (19,814 )   $ (30,555 )   $ (72,198 )   $ (45,447 )   $ (41,251 )   $ (8,486 )   $ (9,162 )   $ (72,140 )   $ (299,053 )
Cash Costs net of by-product credits
 
C=(A+B)
    $ 36,414     $ 26,981     $ 10,728     $ 43,894     $ 41,707     $ 8,733     $ 64,149     $ 53,093     $ 285,699  
Depreciation, amortization & reclamation
  D     $ 5,571     $ 15,537     $ 33,931     $ 8,790     $ 11,145     $ 271     $ 10,614     $ 29,317     $ 115,176  
Total production costs net of by-product credits
 
E=(C+D)
    $ 41,985     $ 42,518     $ 44,659     $ 52,684     $ 52,852     $ 9,004     $ 74,763     $ 82,410     $ 400,875  
                                                                                 
Payable ounces of silver
  F       4,215,075       5,345,677       2,646,219       2,506,481       1,776,333       240,354       3,390,683       3,625,285       23,746,108  
                                                                                 
Cash cost per Ounce of Silver net of by-product credits
                                                                               
                                                                                 
Total cash cost per ounce net of by-products
 
=C*1000/F
    $ 8.64     $ 5.05     $ 4.05     $ 17.51     $ 23.48     $ 36.33     $ 18.92     $ 14.65     $ 12.03  
Total production cost per ounce net of by-products
 
=E *1000/F
    $ 9.96     $ 7.95     $ 16.88     $ 21.02     $ 29.75     $ 37.46     $ 22.05     $ 22.73     $ 16.88  
*
The Dolores mine was acquired with effect from March 30, 2012 and therefore the operations under Pan American’s ownership are only for the nine months ended December 31, 2012.
**
The Quiruvilca mine was sold to a private company effective June 1, 2012.
 
Pan American Silver Corp.
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·
Adjusted Earnings and Basic Adjusted Earnings Per Share
 
Adjusted earnings is a non-GAAP measure that the Company considers to better reflect normalized earnings as it eliminates items that may be volatile from period to period, relating to positions which will settle in future periods, and items that are non-recurring.  Certain items that become applicable in a period may be adjusted for, with the Company retroactively presenting comparable periods with an adjustment for such items and conversely, items no longer applicable may be removed from the calculation. The Company adjusts certain items in the periods that they occurred but does not reverse or otherwise unwind the effect of such items in future periods.
 
The following table shows a reconciliation of adjusted loss and earnings for the fourth quarter and full year of 2013 and 2012, to the net (loss) earnings for each period.
 
   
Three months ended December 31,
   
Twelve months ended December 31,
 
Adjusted Earnings Reconciliation
 
2013
   
2012
(Recast)
   
2013
   
2012
(Recast)
 
Net (loss) earnings for the period
  $ (293,064 )   $ (31,535 )   $ (445,846 )   $ 78,355  
Adjust derivative gains
    (1,249 )     (14,203 )     (16,715 )     (24,159 )
Adjust unrealized foreign exchange (gains) losses
    (656 )     (584 )     (922 )     6,124  
Adjust realized (gains) losses on silver and gold hedge program
    (1,127 )     -       5,127       -  
Adjust realized and unrealized (gains) losses on commodity contracts
    260       (34 )     25       (25 )
Adjust severance and acquisition costs
    -       -       617       16,162  
Adjust gain (loss) on sale of mineral properties
    (5,969 )     1,466       (14,068 )     (9,652 )
Adjust write-down of mining assets
    336,785       100,009       540,228       100,009  
Adjust for effect of taxes on above items
    (119,286 )     -       (117,948 )     -  
Adjusted (loss) earnings for the period
  $ (84,306 )   $ 55,119     $ (49,502 )   $ 166,814  
Basic weighted average shares outstanding
    151,428       152,332       151,501       140,883  
Basic adjusted EPS
    (0.56 )     0.36       (0.33 )     1.18  

·
All-In Sustaining Costs per Silver Ounce Sold

As discussed  and presented in the sections “2014 Operating Outlook” and “2013 Operating Performance”, the Company has adopted the reporting of AISCSOS as a non-GAAP measure of a silver mining company’s operating performance and the ability to generate cash flow from operations.
 
As part of the AISCSOS measure, sustaining capital is included while expansionary or acquisition capital (referred to by the Company as investment capital) is not.  Inclusion of sustaining capital only is a better measure of capital costs associated with current ounces sold as opposed to investment capital from which benefits will flow to future ounces.  For the periods under review, the below noted items associated with the Morococha relocation project, Navidad project, and Dolores’ leach pad and other expansionary expenditures are considered investment capital projects.
 
Pan American Silver Corp.
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Reconciliation of payments for mineral property, plant and equipment and sustaining capital
 
Twelve months ended
December 31,
 
(in thousands of USD)
 
2013
   
2012
 
Payments for mineral property, plant and equipment(1)
  $ 159,401     $ 159,915  
Add/(Subtract)
               
Advances received for leases(1)
  $ 3,331     $ 11,538  
Morococha relocation project capital
  $ -     $ (6,389 )
Navidad project capital
  $ (246 )   $ (11,318 )
Dolores leach pads & other expansion projects
  $ (50,482 )   $ (21,766 )
Other non-operating capital
  $ (357 )   $ (1,259 )
Sustaining Capital
  $ 111,647     $ 130,721  
(1)
 
As presented on the Audited Consolidated Financial Statements Segmented Information Note #26.

RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES
 
The Company is exposed to many risks in conducting its business, including but not limited to: metal price risk as the Company derives its revenue from the sale of silver, zinc, lead, copper, and gold; credit risk in the normal course of dealing with other companies; foreign exchange risk as the Company reports its financial statements in USD whereas the Company operates in jurisdictions that utilize other currencies; the inherent risk of uncertainties in estimating mineral reserves and mineral resources; political risks; and environmental risks and risks related to its relations with employees.  These and other risks are described in Pan American’s Annual Information Form (available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com), Form 40-F filed with the SEC, and the Audited Annual Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2013.  Readers are encouraged to refer to these documents for a more detailed description of some of the risks and uncertainties inherent to Pan American’s business.
 
·
Foreign Jurisdiction Risk
 
Pan American currently conducts operations in Peru, Mexico, Argentina and Bolivia.  All of these jurisdictions are potentially subject to a number of political and economic risks, including those described in the following section.  The Company is unable to determine the impact of these risks on its future financial position or results of operations and the Company’s exploration, development and production activities may be substantially affected by factors outside of Pan American’s control.  These potential factors include, but are not limited to: royalty and tax increases or claims by governmental bodies, expropriation or nationalization, foreign exchange controls, import and export regulations, cancellation or renegotiation of contracts and environmental and permitting regulations.  The Company currently has no political risk insurance coverage against these risks.
 
All of Pan American’s current production and revenue is derived from its operations in Peru, Mexico, Argentina and Bolivia. As Pan American’s business is carried on in a number of developing countries, it is exposed to a number of risks and uncertainties, including the following: expropriation or nationalization without adequate compensation; economic and regulatory instability; military repression and increased likelihood of international conflicts or aggression; possible need to obtain political risk insurance and the costs and availability of this and other insurance; unreliable or undeveloped infrastructure; labour unrest; lack of availability of skilled labour; difficulty obtaining key equipment and components for equipment; regulations
 
Pan American Silver Corp.
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and restrictions with respect to import and export and currency controls; changing fiscal regimes; high rates of inflation; the possible unilateral cancellation or forced renegotiation of contracts; unanticipated changes to royalty and tax regimes; extreme fluctuations in currency exchange rates; volatile local political and economic developments; uncertainty regarding enforceability of contractual rights; difficulty understanding and complying with the regulatory and legal framework respecting the ownership and maintenance of mineral properties, mines and mining operations, and with respect to permitting; violence and more prevalent or stronger organized crime groups; terrorism and hostage taking; difficulties enforcing judgments obtained in Canadian or United States courts against assets and entities located outside of those jurisdictions; and increased public health concerns. In most cases, the effect of these factors cannot be accurately predicted.
 
The Company’s Mexican operations, Alamo Dorado and La Colorada, suffered from armed robberies of doré within the past three years. The Company has instituted a number of additional security measures and a more frequent shipping schedule in response to these incidents. The Company has subsequently renewed its insurance policy to mitigate some of the financial loss that would result from such criminal activities in the future, however a substantial deductible amount would apply to any such losses in Mexico.
 
In December 2012, the Mexican government introduced changes to the Federal labour law which made certain amendments to the law relating to the use of service companies and subcontractors and the obligations with respect to employee benefits.  These amendments may have an effect on the distribution of profits to workers and this could result in additional financial obligations to the Company.  At this time, the Company is evaluating these amendments in detail, but currently believes that it continues to be in compliance with the federal labour law and that these amendments will not result in any new material obligations for the Company.  Based on this assessment, the Company has not accrued any amounts for the years ended December 31, 2012 or 2013.  The Company will continue to monitor developments in Mexico to assess the potential impact of these amendments.
 
In 2013, the Mexican government introduced various 2014 tax reforms. Amongst other changes, the bill proposed a deductible royalty of 7.5% on mine operating income before certain deductions including amortization and depreciation as well as a 0.5% mining duty on mining companies’ precious metal revenue. In addition, the corporate income tax rate is expected to remain at 30% whereas it was previously forecast to be reduced to 28% by 2015.    The Company has evaluated the effects of the tax reforms on our future cash flows and future earnings, and recorded a deferred tax charge of $86.0 million in the fourth quarter of 2013, in addition to incorporating the impact of the tax returns in our impairment models for the Company’s Mexican mining assets.
 
Local opposition to mine development projects has arisen periodically in some of the jurisdictions in which we operate, and such opposition has at times been violent. There can be no assurance that similar local opposition will not arise in the future with respect to Pan American’s foreign operations. If Pan American were to experience resistance or unrest in connection with its foreign operations, it could have a material adverse effect on Pan American’s operations or profitability.
 
On September 22, 2011, Peru’s Parliament approved a law that increased mining taxes to fund anti-poverty infrastructure projects in the country, effective October 1, 2011.  The law changed the scheme for royalty payments, so that mining companies that had not signed legal stability agreements with the government had to pay royalties of 1% to 12% on operating profit while; royalties under the previous rules were 1% to 3% on net sales.  In addition to these royalties, such companies were subject to a “special tax” at a rate ranging from 2% to 8.4% of operating
 
Pan American Silver Corp.
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profit.  Companies that had concluded legal stability agreements (under the General Mining Law) will be required to pay a “special contribution” of between 4% and 13.12% of operating profits.  The change in the royalty and the new tax had no material impact on the results of the Company’s Peruvian operations.
 
Government regulation in Argentina related to the economy has increased substantially over the past few years. In particular, the government has intensified the use of price, foreign exchange, and import controls in response to unfavourable domestic economic trends. An example of the changing regulations which have affected the Company’s activities in Argentina was the Argentinean Ministry of Economy and Public Finance resolution in 2012 that reduced the time within which exporters were required to repatriate net proceeds from export sales from 180 days to 15 days after the date of export. As a result of this change, the Manantial Espejo operation temporarily suspended doré shipments while local management reviewed how the new resolution would be applied by the government. In response to petitions from numerous exporters for relief from the new resolution, shortly thereafter the Ministry issued a revised resolution which extended the 15-day limit to 120 days and the effect of the delayed shipments and sales was made up during the remainder of 2012.
 
The Argentine government has also imposed restrictions on the importation of goods and services and increased administrative procedures required to import equipment, materials and services required for operations at Manantial Espejo. In addition, in May 2012, the government mandated that mining companies establish an internal function to be responsible for substituting Argentinian-produced goods and materials for imported goods and materials. Under this mandate, the Company is required to submit its plans to import goods and materials for government review 120 days in advance of the desired date of importation.
 
The government of Argentina has also tightened control over capital flows and foreign exchange, including informal restrictions on dividend, interest, and service payments abroad and limitations on the ability of individuals and businesses to convert Argentine pesos into United States dollars or other hard currencies. These measures, which are intended to curtail the outflow of hard currency and protect Argentina’s international currency reserves, may adversely affect the Company’s ability to convert dividends paid by current operations or revenues generated by future operations into hard currency and to distribute those revenues to offshore shareholders. Maintaining operating revenues in Argentine pesos could expose the Company to the risks of peso devaluation and high domestic inflation.
 
In September 2013, the provincial government of Santa Cruz, Argentina passed amendments to its tax code that introduced a new mining property tax with a rate of 1% to be charged annually on published proven reserves, which has the potential to affect the Manantial Espejo mine as well as other companies operating in the province.  The new law came into effect on July 5, 2013.  The Company has in place certain contracts that could potentially affect or exempt the Company from having this new tax applicable and as such is evaluating its options with its advisors.  The Company and potentially other mining companies in the province are also evaluating options that include challenging the legality and constitutionality of the tax. As at December 31, 2013, the Company has estimated that the annual tax impact for the first year of this new law would be $2.7 million.
 
In Bolivia, a new constitution was enacted in 2009 that further entrenches the government’s ability to amend or enact certain laws, including those that may affect mining. On May 1, 2011, Bolivian President Evo Morales announced the formation of a multi-disciplinary committee to re-evaluate several pieces of legislation, including the mining law and this has caused some concerns amongst foreign companies doing business in Bolivia due to the government’s policy objective of nationalizing parts of the resource sector. However, President Morales made no
 
Pan American Silver Corp.
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reference to reviewing or terminating agreements with private mining companies. Operations at San Vicente have continued to run normally under Pan American’s administration and it is expected that normal operations will continue status quo. Pan American will take every measure available to enforce its rights under its agreement with COMIBOL, but there is no guarantee that governmental actions will not impact the San Vicente operation and its profitability. Risks of doing business in Bolivia include being subject to new higher taxes and mining royalties (some of which have already been proposed or threatened), revision of contracts, and threatened expropriation of assets, all of which could have a material adverse impact on the Company’s operations or profitability.
 
Management and the Board of Directors continuously assess risks that the Company is exposed to, and attempt to mitigate these risks where practical through a range of risk management strategies, including employing qualified and experienced personnel.
 
·
Metal Price Risk
 
Pan American derives its revenue from the sale of silver, zinc, lead, copper, and gold.  The Company’s sales are directly dependent on metal prices that have shown significant volatility and are beyond the Company’s control.  The table below illustrates the effect of changes in silver and gold prices on anticipated revenues for 2014.  This analysis assumes that quantities of silver and gold produced and sold remain constant under all price scenarios presented.
 
Expected 2014 Revenue (000’s USD)
 
       
Gold Price
     
Silver
Price
 
$1,000
$1,100
$1,200
$1,300
$1,400
$1,500
$18.00
$666,905
$682,887
$698,868
$714,850
$730,832
$746,814
$19.00
$690,687
$706,669
$722,650
$738,632
$754,614
$770,596
$20.00
$714,469
$730,451
$746,432
$762,414
$778,396
$794,378
$21.00
$738,251
$754,233
$770,215
$786,196
$802,178
$818,160
$22.00
$762,033
$778,015
$793,997
$809,978
$825,960
$841,942
$23.00
$785,815
$801,797
$817,779
$833,760
$849,742
$865,724
$24.00
$809,597
$825,579
$841,561
$857,543
$873,524
$889,506
$25.00
$833,379
$849,361
$865,343
$881,325
$897,306
$913,288

Pan American Silver takes the view that its precious metals production should not be hedged, thereby allowing the Company to maintain maximum exposure to precious metal prices.
 
From time to time, Pan American mitigates the price risk associated with its base metal production by committing some of its forecasted base metal production under forward sales and option contracts, as described under the “Financial Instruments” section of this MD&A.  The Board of Directors continually assesses the Company’s strategy towards its base metal exposure, depending on market conditions.
 
Since base metal and gold revenue are treated as a by-product credit for purposes of calculating cash costs per ounce of silver, this non-GAAP measure is highly sensitive to base metal and gold prices.  The table below illustrates this point by plotting the expected cash cost per ounce according to our 2014 forecast against various price assumptions for the Company’s two main by-product credits, zinc and gold.
 
Pan American Silver Corp.
46

 
 
Cash Cost per Ounce of Silver Produced (USD/oz)
 
       
Gold Price
   
Zinc
Price
 
$1,000
$1,100
$1,200
$1,300
$1,400
$1,550
$13.45
$12.82
$12.19
$11.56
$10.93
$1,650
$13.32
$12.69
$12.06
$11.43
$10.80
$1,750
$13.18
$12.55
$11.92
$11.29
$10.67
$1,850
$13.05
$12.42
$11.79
$11.16
$10.53
$1,950
$12.92
$12.30
$11.67
$11.04
$10.41
$2,050
$12.82
$12.19
$11.56
$10.93
$10.30
$2,150
$12.72
$12.09
$11.46
$10.83
$10.20
$2,250
$12.61
$11.99
$11.36
$10.73
$10.10

The Company has long-term contracts to sell the zinc, lead and copper concentrates produced by the Huaron, Morococha, San Vicente and La Colorada mines.  These contracts include provisions for pricing the contained metals, including silver, based on average spot prices over defined 30-day periods that may differ from the month in which the concentrate was produced.  Under these circumstances, the Company may, from time to time, fix the price for a portion of the payable metal content during the month that the concentrates are produced.
 
·
Credit Risk
 
The zinc, lead and copper concentrates produced by Pan American are sold through long-term supply arrangements to metal traders or integrated mining and smelting companies. The terms of the concentrate contracts may require the Company to deliver concentrate that has a value greater than the payment received at the time of delivery, thereby introducing the Company to credit risk of the buyers of our concentrates.  Should any of these counterparties not honour supply arrangements, or should any of them become insolvent, Pan American may incur losses for products already shipped and be forced to sell its concentrates on the spot market or it may not have a market for its concentrates and therefore its future operating results may be materially adversely impacted.
 
For example, the Doe Run Peru (“DRP”) smelter, a past significant buyer of Pan American’s production in Peru, experienced financial difficulties in the first quarter of 2009 and closed.  Pan American continued to sell copper concentrates to other buyers but on inferior terms.  At the end of 2013 and at the date of this MD&A, Pan American is owed approximately $8.2 million under the terms of its contract with DRP for deliveries of concentrates that occurred in early 2009. The Company has established a doubtful accounts receivable provision for the full amount receivable from DRP.  The Company continues to pursue all legal and commercial avenues to collect the amount outstanding.
 
At December 31, 2013 the Company had receivable balances associated with buyers of our concentrates of $31.7 million (2012 - $39.1 million).  All of this receivable balance is owed by nine well known concentrate buyers and the vast majority of our concentrate is sold to those same counterparts.
 
Silver doré production is refined under long term agreements with fixed refining terms at four refineries worldwide.  The Company generally retains the risk and title to the precious metals throughout the process of refining and therefore is exposed to the risk that the refineries will not be able to perform in accordance with the refining contract and that the Company may not be able to fully recover our precious metals in such circumstances. At December 31, 2013 the Company had approximately $54.7 million (2012 - $48.8 million) of value contained in precious metal inventory at refineries. The Company maintains insurance coverage against the loss of
 
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47

 

precious metal doré and base metal concentrates at our mine sites, in-transit to refineries and while at the refineries and smelters.
 
Refined silver and gold is sold on the spot market to various bullion traders and banks.  Credit risk may arise from these activities if the Company is not paid for metal at the time it is delivered, as required by spot sale contracts.
 
The Company maintains trading facilities with several banks and bullion dealers for the purposes of transacting the Company’s trading activities. None of these facilities are subject to margin arrangements.  The Company’s trading activities can expose us to the credit risk of our counterparties to the extent that our trading positions have a positive mark-to-market value.
 
Management constantly monitors and assesses the credit risk resulting from its concentrate sales, refining arrangements and commodity contracts.  Furthermore, management carefully considers credit risk when allocating prospective sales and refining business to counterparties.  In making allocation decisions, management attempts to avoid unacceptable concentration of credit risk to any single counterparty.
 
·
Interest Rate Risk
 
Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair values and future cash flows of the Company will fluctuate because of changes in market interest rates.  At December 31, 2013, the Company has $10.2 million in lease obligations (2012 - $36.4 million), equipment and construction advances of $nil (2012 - $0.4 million) that are subject to an annualized interest rate of 2.2% and unsecured convertible notes with a principal amount of $36.2 million (2012 – $36.2 million) that bear interest at 4.5%, payable semi-annually on June 15 and December 15. The interest paid by the Company for the year ended December 31, 2013 on its lease obligations and equipment and construction advances was $0.2 million (2012 – $1.4 million).  The Company has received short term loans in Argentina totaling $130.0 million Argentina Pesos (USD $23.5 million) at an annual interest rate of 25.7%. $30.0 million Argentine pesos are due at February 2014 and $100.0 million Argentine pesos are due in June 2014. The interest paid by the Company for the year ended December 31, 2013 on the convertible notes was $1.6 million (2012 – $1.6 million). The Company is not subjected to variable market interest rate changes as all debt included above have stated interest rates.
 
The average interest rate earned by the Company during the year ended December 31, 2013 on its cash and short term investments was 0.68%. A 10% increase or decrease in the interest earned from financial institutions on cash and short term investments would result in a $0.3 million increase or decrease in the Company’s before tax earnings (2012 – $0.3 million).
 
·
Exchange Rate Risk
 
Pan American reports its financial statements in USD; however the Company operates in jurisdictions that utilize other currencies.  As a consequence, the financial results of the Company’s operations, as reported in USD, are subject to changes in the value of the USD relative to local currencies.  Since the Company’s revenues are denominated in USD and a portion of the Company’s operating costs and capital spending are in local currencies, the Company is negatively impacted by strengthening local currencies relative to the USD and positively impacted by the inverse.  The local currencies that the Company has the most exposure to are the Peruvian soles (“PEN”), Mexican pesos (“MXN”) and Argentine pesos (“ARS”).  The following table illustrates the effect of changes in the exchange rate of PEN and MXN against the USD on anticipated cost of sales for 2014, expressed in percentage terms:
 
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MXN/USD
PEN/
USD
 
9.75
10.75
11.75
12.75
13.75
14.75
15.75
2.20
111%
108%
105%
103%
101%
100%
98%
2.40
110%
107%
104%
102%
100%
98%
97%
2.60
109%
106%
103%
101%
99%
97%
96%
2.80
108%
105%
102%
100%
98%
97%
95%
3.00
107%
104%
101%
99%
97%
96%
94%
3.20
106%
103%
101%
99%
97%
95%
94%
3.40
106%
103%
100%
98%
96%
94%
93%

Under this analysis, our cost of sales is reflected at 100% of our forecasted foreign exchange assumptions for the PEN and MXN of 2.80 and 12.75 per one USD, respectively.  Devaluation of the USD relative to the PEN and MXN has the effect of increasing our anticipated cost of sales above 100%, and vice versa.
 
In order to mitigate this exposure, the Company maintains a portion of its cash balances in PEN, MXN and CAD and, from time to time, enters into forward currency positions to match anticipated spending as discussed in the section “Financial Instruments”.
 
The Company’s balance sheet contains various monetary assets and liabilities, some of which are denominated in foreign currencies.  Accounting convention dictates that these balances are translated at the end of each period, with resulting adjustments being reflected as foreign exchange gains or losses on the Company’s income statement.
 
·
Liquidity Risk
 
Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will not be able to meet its financial obligations as they come due.  The volatility of the metals markets can impact the Company’s ability to forecast cash flow from operations.
 
The Company must maintain sufficient liquidity to meet its short-term business requirements, taking into account its anticipated cash flows from operations, its holdings of cash and cash equivalents and committed loan facilities.
 
The Company manages its liquidity risk by continuously monitoring forecasted and actual cash flows.  The Company has in place a rigorous reporting, planning and budgeting process to help determine the funds required to support its normal operating requirements on an ongoing basis and its expansion plans.  The Company continually evaluates and reviews capital and operating expenditures in order to identify, decrease and limit all non-essential expenditures.  Pan American expects to generate positive cash flow from operations in 2014 and to utilize this and the strength of its balance sheet to manage its liquidity position.
 
·
Environmental and Health and Safety Risks
 
Pan American’s activities are subject to extensive laws and regulations governing environmental protection and employee health and safety. Environmental laws and regulations are complex and have tended to become more stringent over time. Pan American is required to obtain governmental permits and in some instances provide bonding requirements under federal, state, or provincial air, water quality, and mine reclamation rules and permits. Although Pan American makes provisions for reclamation costs, it cannot be assured that these provisions will be adequate to discharge its future obligations for these costs.
 
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Failure to comply with applicable environmental and health and safety laws may result in injunctions, damages, suspension or revocation of permits and imposition of penalties. While the health and safety of our people and responsible environmental stewardship are our top priorities, there can be no assurance that Pan American has been or will be at all times in complete compliance with such laws, regulations and permits, or that the costs of complying with current and future environmental and health and safety laws and permits will not materially and adversely affect Pan American’s business, results of operations or financial condition.
 
·
Employee Relations
 
Pan American’s business depends on good relations with its employees.  At December 31, 2013 there were approximately 7,339 employees and employees of mining contractors performing work for the Company, of which approximately 60% were represented by unions or covered by union agreements in Mexico, Peru, Argentina and Bolivia.   The Company has experienced short-duration labour strikes and work stoppages in the past and may experience future labour related events.
 
The number of persons skilled in acquisition, exploration and development of mining properties is limited and competition for such persons is intense.  As Pan American’s business activity grows, Pan American will require additional key mining personnel as well as additional financial and administrative staff. There can be no assurance that Pan American will be successful in attracting, training and retaining qualified personnel as competition for persons with these skill sets increases.  If Pan American is not successful in this regard, the efficiency of its operations could be impaired, which could have an adverse impact on Pan American’s future cash flows, earnings, results of operations and financial condition.
 
·
Claims and Legal Proceedings
 
Pan American is subject to various claims and legal proceedings covering a wide range of matters that arise in the ordinary course of business activities, including claims relating to ex- or current employees.  Each of these matters is subject to various uncertainties and it is possible that some of these matters may be resolved unfavourably to Pan American.  The Company carries liability insurance coverage and establishes provisions for matters that are probable and can be reasonably estimated.  In addition, Pan American may be involved in disputes with other parties in the future which may result in a material adverse impact on our financial condition, cash flow and results of operations.  Please refer to Commitments and Contingencies Note 29 of the Audited Consolidated Financial Statements for further information.
 
·
Corporate Development Activities
 
An element of the Company’s business strategy is to make selected acquisitions.  The Company expects to continue to evaluate acquisition opportunities on a regular basis and intends to pursue those opportunities that it believes are in its long-term best interests.  The success of the Company’s acquisitions will depend upon the Company’s ability to effectively manage the operations of entities it acquires and to realize other anticipated benefits.  The process of managing acquired businesses may involve unforeseen difficulties and may require a disproportionate amount of management resources.  There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to successfully manage the operations of businesses it acquires or that the anticipated benefits of its acquisitions will be realized.
 
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SIGNIFICANT JUDGMENTS AND KEY SOURCES OF ESTIMATION UNCERTAINTY IN THE APPLICATION OF ACCOUNTING POLICIES
 
In preparing financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards, management is required to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements.  These critical accounting estimates represent management estimates and judgments that are uncertain and any changes in these could materially impact the Company’s financial statements. Management continuously reviews its estimates, judgments, and assumptions using the most current information available.
 
Readers should also refer to Note 2 of the consolidated financial statements for the year ended December 31, 2013, for the Company’s summary of significant accounting policies.
 
Judgments that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognized in the Company’s consolidated financial statements are as follows:
 
Capitalization of evaluation costs:  The Company has determined that evaluation costs capitalized during the year relating to the operating mines and certain other exploration interests have potential future economic benefits and are potentially economically recoverable, subject to impairment analysis. In making this judgement, the Company has assessed various sources of information including but not limited to the geologic and metallurgic information, history of conversion of mineral deposits to proven and probable mineral reserves, scoping and feasibility studies, proximity to existing ore bodies, operating management expertise and required environmental, operating and other permits.
 
Commencement of commercial production: During the determination of whether a mine has reached an operating level that is consistent with the use intended by management, costs incurred are capitalized as mineral property, plant and equipment and any consideration from commissioning sales are offset against costs capitalized.  The Company defines commencement of commercial production as the date that a mine has achieved a sustainable level of production based on a percentage of design capacity along with various qualitative factors including but not limited to the achievement of mechanical completion, continuous nominated level of production, the working effectiveness of the plant and equipment at or near expected levels and whether there is a sustainable level of production input available including power, water and diesel.
 
Assets’ carrying values and impairment charges:  In determining carrying values and impairment charges the Company looks at recoverable amounts, defined as the higher of value in use or fair value less cost to sell in the case of assets, and at objective evidence that identifies significant or prolonged decline of fair value on financial assets indicating impairment. These determinations and their individual assumptions require that management make a decision based on the best available information at each reporting period.
 
Functional currency: The functional currency for the Company and its subsidiaries is the currency of the primary economic environment in which each operates.  The Company has determined that its functional currency and that of its subsidiaries is the USD.  The determination of functional currency may require certain judgments to determine the primary economic environment.  The Company reconsiders the functional currency used when there is a change in events and conditions which determined the primary economic environment.
 
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Business combinations: Determination of whether a set of assets acquired and liabilities assumed constitute a business may require the Company to make certain judgments, taking into account all facts and circumstances.  A business consists of inputs, including non-current assets and processes, including operational processes, that when applied to those inputs have the ability to create outputs that provide a return to the Company and its shareholders.
 
Deferral of stripping costs: In determining whether stripping costs incurred during the production phase of a mining property relate to mineral reserves and mineral resources that will be mined in a future period and therefore should be capitalized, the Company treats the costs of removal of the waste material during a mine’s production phase as deferred, where it gives rise to future benefits.  These capitalized costs are subsequently amortized on a unit of production basis over the reserves that directly benefit from the specific stripping activity.  As at December 31, 2013, the carrying amount of stripping costs capitalized was $59.2 million comprised of Manantial - $13.8 million, Dolores - $32.8 million and Alamo Dorado - $12.6 million (2012 - $22.1 million was capitalized comprised of $5.3, $13.5, and $3.2 million, respectively).
 
Replacement convertible debenture: As part of the 2009 Aquiline transaction the Company issued a replacement convertible debenture that allowed the holder to convert the debenture into either 363,854 Pan American shares or a Silver Stream contract.  The holder subsequently selected the Silver Stream contract.  The convertible debenture is classified and accounted for as a deferred credit.  In determining the appropriate classification of the convertible debenture as a deferred credit, the Company evaluated the economics underlying the contract as of the date the Company assumed the obligation.  As at December 31, 2013, the carrying amount of the deferred credit arising from the Aquiline acquisition was $20.8 million (2012 - $20.8 million).
 
Convertible Notes:  The Company has the right to pay all or part of the liability associated with the Company’s outstanding convertible notes in cash on the conversion date.  Accordingly, the Company classifies the convertible notes as a financial liability with an embedded derivative.  The financial liability and embedded derivative are recognized initially at their respective fair values.  The embedded derivative is subsequently recognized at fair value with changes in fair value reflected in profit or loss and the debt liability component is recognized at amortized cost using the effective interest method.  Interest gains and losses related to the debt liability component or embedded derivatives are recognized in profit or loss.  On conversion, the equity instrument is measured at the carrying value of the liability component and the fair value of the derivative component on the conversion date.
 
Key Sources of Estimation Uncertainty in the Application of Accounting Policies
 
Key sources of estimation uncertainty that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities are:
 
Revenue recognition: Revenue from the sale of concentrate to independent smelters is recorded at the time the risks and rewards of ownership pass to the buyer using forward market prices on the expected date that final sales prices will be fixed. Variations between the prices set under the smelting contracts may be caused by changes in market prices and result in an embedded derivative in the accounts receivable. The embedded derivative is recorded at fair value each period until final settlement occurs, with changes in the fair value classified in revenue. In a period of high price volatility, as experienced under current economic conditions, the effect of mark-to-market price adjustments related to the quantity of metal which remains to be settled with independent smelters could be significant. For changes in metal quantities upon receipt of new information and assay, the provisional sales quantities are adjusted.
 
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Estimated recoverable ounces: The carrying amounts of the Company’s mining properties are depleted based on recoverable ounces. Changes to estimates of recoverable ounces and depletable costs including changes resulting from revisions to the Company’s mine plans and changes in metal price forecasts can result in a change to future depletion rates.
 
Mineral reserve estimates: The figures for mineral reserves and mineral resources are determined in accordance with N I43-101, issued by the Canadian Securities Administrators. There are numerous uncertainties inherent in estimating mineral reserves and mineral resources, including many factors beyond the Company’s control. Such estimation is a subjective process, and the accuracy of any mineral reserve or mineral resource estimate is a function of the quantity and quality of available data and of the assumptions made and judgments used in engineering and geological interpretation. Differences between management’s assumptions including economic assumptions such as metal prices and market conditions could have a material effect in the future on the Company’s financial position and results of operation.
 
Valuation of Inventory: In determining mine production costs recognized in the consolidated income statement, the Company makes estimates of quantities of ore stacked in stockpiles, placed on the heap leach pad and in process and the recoverable silver in this material to determine the average costs of finished goods sold during the period. Changes in these estimates can result in a change in mine operating costs of future periods and carrying amounts of inventories.
 
Depreciation and amortization rates for mineral property, plant and equipment and mineral interests: Depreciation and amortization expenses are allocated based on assumed asset lives and depreciation and amortization rates. Should the asset life or depreciation rate differ from the initial estimate, an adjustment would be made in the consolidated income statement prospectively.  A change in the mineral reserve estimate for assets depreciated using the units of production method would impact depreciation expense prospectively.
 
Impairment of mining interests: While assessing whether any indications of impairment exist for mining interests, consideration is given to both external and internal sources of information. Information the Company considers include changes in the market, economic and legal environment in which the Company operates that are not within its control and affect the recoverable amount of mining interests. Internal sources of information include the manner in which mineral property, plant and equipment are being used or are expected to be used and indications of the economic performance of the assets.  Estimates include but are not limited to estimates of the discounted future after-tax cash flows expected to be derived from the Company’s mining properties, costs to sell the mining properties and the appropriate discount rate. Reductions in metal price forecasts, increases in estimated future costs of production, increases in estimated future capital costs, reductions in the amount of recoverable mineral reserves and mineral resources and/or adverse current economics can result in a write-down of the carrying amounts of the Company’s mining interests.  Impairments of mining interests are discussed in Note 12 of the Audited Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2013.
 
Estimation of decommissioning and restoration costs and the timing of expenditures: The cost estimates are updated annually during the life of a mine to reflect known developments, (e.g. revisions to cost estimates and to the estimated lives of operations), and are subject to review at regular intervals.  Decommissioning, restoration and similar liabilities are estimated based on the Company’s interpretation of current regulatory requirements, constructive obligations and are measured at the best estimate of expenditure required to settle the present obligation of decommissioning, restoration or similar liabilities that may occur upon
 
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decommissioning of the mine at the end of the reporting period. The carrying amount is determined based on the net present value of estimated future cash expenditures for the settlement of decommissioning, restoration or similar liabilities that may occur upon decommissioning of the mine. Such estimates are subject to change based on changes in laws and regulations and negotiations with regulatory authorities.
 
Income taxes and recoverability of deferred tax assets: In assessing the probability of realizing income tax assets recognized, the Company makes estimates related to expectations of future taxable income, applicable tax planning opportunities, expected timing of reversals of existing temporary differences and the likelihood that tax positions taken will be sustained upon examination by applicable tax authorities. In making its assessments, the Company gives additional weight to positive and negative evidence that can be objectively verified. Estimates of future taxable income are based on forecasted cash flows from operations and the application of existing tax laws in each jurisdiction. The Company considers relevant tax planning opportunities that are within the Company’s control, are feasible and within management’s ability to implement. Examination by applicable tax authorities is supported based on individual facts and circumstances of the relevant tax position examined in light of all available evidence. Where applicable tax laws and regulations are either unclear or subject to ongoing varying interpretations, it is reasonably possible that changes in these estimates can occur that materially affect the amounts of income tax assets recognized. Also, future changes in tax laws could limit the Company from realizing the tax benefits from the deferred tax assets. The Company reassesses unrecognized income tax assets at each reporting period.
 
Accounting for acquisitions: The provisional fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed and the resulting goodwill, if any, requires that management make certain judgments and estimates taking into account information available at the time of acquisition about future events, including, but not restricted to, estimates of mineral reserves and resources required, exploration potential, future operating costs and capital expenditures, future metal prices, long-term foreign exchange rates and discount rates. Changes to the provisional values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed, deferred income taxes and resulting goodwill, if any, are retrospectively adjusted when the final measurements are determined (within one year of the acquisition date).
 
Share purchase warrants:  The carrying value of share purchase warrants is equal to fair value.  The share purchase warrants are classified and accounted for as financial liabilities and, as such, are measured at their fair value with changes in fair value reported in the income statement as a gain or loss on derivatives.  The Company utilizes the Black-Scholes pricing model to determine the fair value of the share purchase warrants as the best approximation of fair value given the warrants are not listed or publically traded.  The Company uses significant judgment in the evaluation of the input variables in the Black-Scholes calculation which include: risk free interest rate, expected stock price volatility, expected life, expected dividend yield and a quoted market price of the Company’s shares on the Toronto Stock Exchange.  Refer to Note 20 of the Audited Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2013 for details on share purchase warrants.
 
Contingencies: Due to the size, complexity and nature of the Company’s operations, various legal and tax matters are outstanding from time to time.  In the event the Company’s estimates of the future resolution of these matters changes, the Company will recognize the effects of the changes in its consolidated financial statements on the date such changes occur.  Refer to Note 29 of the Audited Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended December 31, 2013 for further discussion on contingencies.
 
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CHANGES IN ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
 
The Company adopted the following new accounting standards along with any consequential amendments, effective January 1, 2013
 
IFRS 10 Consolidated Financial Statements establishes principles for the presentation and preparation of consolidated financial statements when an entity controls one or more other entities. This standard (i) requires a parent entity (an entity that controls one or more other entities) to present consolidated financial statements; (ii) defines the principle of control, and establishes control as the basis for consolidation; (iii) sets out how to apply the principle of control to identify whether an investor controls an investee and therefore must consolidate the investee; and (iv) sets out the accounting requirements for the preparation of consolidated financial statements. IFRS 10 supersedes IAS 27 Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements and SIC-12 Consolidation - Special Purpose Entities.  The application of IFRS 10 does not have an impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
 
IFRS 11 Joint Arrangements establishes the core principle that a party to a joint arrangement determines the type of joint arrangement in which it is involved by assessing its rights and obligations and accounts for those rights and obligations in accordance with that type of joint arrangement.  The Company has completed its assessment on this standard and concluded that this standard does not have an impact on the consolidated financial statements.
 
IFRS 12 Disclosure of Interests in Other Entities requires the disclosure of information that enables users of financial statements to evaluate the nature of, and risks associated with, its interests in other entities and the effects of those interests on its financial position, financial performance and cash flows.  The Company has completed its assessment on this standard and concluded that this standard does not have a significant impact on the consolidated financial statements.
 
IFRS 13 Fair Value Measurement defines fair value, sets out in a single IFRS a framework for measuring fair value and requires disclosures about fair value measurements. IFRS 13 applies when another IFRS requires or permits fair value measurements or disclosures about fair value measurements (and measurements, such as fair value less costs to sell, based on fair value or disclosures about those measurements), except for: share-based payment transactions within the scope of IFRS 2 Share-based Payment; leasing transactions within the scope of IAS 17 Leases;  measurements that have some similarities to fair value but that are not fair value, such as net realizable value in IAS 2 Inventories or value in use in IAS 36 Impairment of Assets. The Company has completed its assessment on this standard and concluded that this standard did not have an impact on the consolidated financial statements. The Company has applied IFRS 13 on a prospective basis, commencing January 1, 2013. Additional disclosure on the fair value of certain financial instruments is included in the consolidated financial statements as a result of applying IFRS 13.
 
IAS 1 Presentation of Financial Statements (“IAS 1”) amendment, issued by the IASB in June 2011, requires an entity to group items presented in the Statement of Comprehensive Income on the basis of whether they may be reclassified to earnings subsequent to initial recognition. For those items presented before taxes, the amendments to IAS 1 also require that the taxes related to the two separate groups be presented separately. The amendments are effective for annual periods beginning on or after July 1, 2012, with earlier adoption permitted. The application of IAS 1 does not have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
 
IAS 19 Employee Benefits amendment, issued by the IASB on June 2011 introduced changes to the accounting for defined benefit plans and other employee benefits. The amendments
 
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include elimination of the options to defer, or recognize in full in earnings, actuarial gains and losses and instead mandates the immediate recognition of all actuarial gains and losses in other comprehensive income and requires use of the same discount rate for both the defined benefit obligation and expected asset return when calculating interest cost. Other changes include modification of the accounting for termination benefits and classification of other employee benefits.   The application of the amended IAS 19 does not have a significant impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
 
IFRIC 20 Stripping Costs in the Production Phase of a Surface Mine clarifies the requirements for accounting for the costs of stripping activity in the production phase when two benefits accrue: (i) useable ore that can be used to produce inventory and (ii) improved access to further quantities of material that will be mined in future periods.  The application of IFRIC 20 did not result in an adjustment to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
 
Accounting interpretation effective January 1, 2014
 
IFRIC 21 Levies (“IFRIC 21”) is an interpretation of IAS 37 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets (“IAS 37”), on the accounting for levies imposed by governments.  In IAS 37, the criterion for recognizing a liability includes the requirement for an entity to have a present obligation resulting from a past event.  IFRIC 21 provides clarification on the past event that gives rise to the obligation to pay a levy as the activity described in the relevant legislation that triggers the payment of the levy.  IFRIC 21 is effective for annual periods commencing on or after January 1, 2014.  The Company does not anticipate the application of IFRIC 21 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.
 
Accounting standards issued but not yet effective
 
IFRS 9 Financial Instruments is intended to replace IAS 39 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement in its entirety and some of the requirements of IFRS 7 Financial Instruments: Disclosures, including added disclosure about investments in equity instruments measured at fair value in Other Comprehensive Income (“OCI”), and guidance on financial liabilities and derecognition of financial instruments.  The mandatory effective date will be added when all phases of IFRS 9 are completed with sufficient lead time for implementation.
 
GOVERNANCE CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL STEWARDSHIP
 
Governance

Pan American adheres to the highest standards of corporate governance and closely follows the requirements established by both the Canadian Securities Administrators and the SEC in the United States. We believe that our current corporate governance systems meet or exceed these requirements.
 
Our Board of Directors oversees the direction and strategy of the business and the affairs of the Company. The Board is comprised of eight directors, six of whom are independent. The Board’s wealth of experience allows it to effectively oversee the development of corporate strategies, provide management with long-term direction, consider and approve major decisions, oversee the business generally and evaluate corporate performance. The Health, Safety and Environment Committee, which is a committee appointed by the Board of Directors, provides oversight for the corporate social initiatives of the Company and reports directly to the Board.
 
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We believe that good corporate governance is important to the effective performance of the Company and plays a significant role in protecting the interests of all stakeholders while helping to maximize value.
 
Community relations

We are committed to creating sustainable value in the communities where our people work and live. Guided by research conducted by our local offices, we participate in, and contribute to numerous community programs. They typically center on education and health, nutrition, environmental awareness, local infrastructure and alternative economic activities. Some of our key initiatives are:
 
 
·
Strengthening the production chain of livestock breeding.
 
 
·
Value adding through the development of alpaca textiles weaving workshops with product commercialization in North America.
 
 
·
Improving nutrition, focusing on children and pregnant women.
 
 
·
Promoting community health with emphasis on immunizations, optometry, and focusing on oral health.
 
 
·
Promoting tourism and local areas of interest such as the Stone Forest in Huayllay in Peru.
 
 
·
Encouraging education for children and adults by contributing to teacher’s salaries, and providing continuous support through different scholarships at a local and national level.
 
Environmental Stewardship
 
We are committed to operating our mines and developing our new projects in an environmentally responsible manner. Guided by our Corporate Environmental Policy, we take every practical measure to minimize the environmental impacts of our operations in every phase of the mining cycle, from early exploration through development, construction and operation, up to and after the mine’s closure.
 
We build and operate mines in varied environments across the Americas.  From the Patagonian plateau to the Sierra Madre in Mexico, our mines are generally located in isolated places where information about environmental and cultural values is often limited.  Our mines in Peru and Bolivia are situated in historic mining districts where previous operations have left significant environmental liabilities that have potential to impact on surrounding habitats and communities.
 
We manage these challenges using best practice methods in environmental impact assessment and teams of leading local and international professionals who clearly determine pre-existing environmental values at each location.  These extensive baseline studies often take years of work and cover issues such as biodiversity and ecosystems, surface and groundwater resources, air quality, soils, landscape, archeology and paleontology, and the potential for acid rock drainage in the natural rocks of each new mineral deposit or historic waste or tailings dump.  The data collected often significantly advances scientific knowledge about the environments and regions where we work.
 
The baseline information is then used interactively in the design of each new mine or to develop management and closure plans for historic environmental liabilities, in open consultation with local communities and government authorities.  We conduct detailed modeling and simulation of
 
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the environmental effects of each alternative design in order to determine the optimum solution, always aiming for a net benefit.
 
Once construction and operations begin, we conduct regular monitoring of all relevant environmental variables in order to measure real impacts against baseline data and report to the government and communities on our progress.  Community participation in environmental monitoring is encouraged across all our mines.  We implement management systems, work procedures and regular staff training to ensure optimum day-to-day management of issues like waste separation and disposal, water conservation, spill prevention, and incident investigation and analysis.
 
We conduct corporate environmental audits of our operations to ensure optimum environmental performance.  Environmental staffs from all mines participate in the audits which improves integration and consolidation of company-wide standards across our operations.  In 2012, audits were conducted at Morococha, San Vicente and Huaron mines.
 
DISCLOSURE CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
 
Pan American’s management considers the meaning of internal control to be the processes established by management to provide reasonable assurance about the achievement of the Company’s objectives regarding operations, reporting and compliance.  Internal control is designed to address identified risks that threaten any of these objectives.
 
As of December 31, 2013, the Company carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s management, including the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures.  Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of December 31, 2013, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
 
Changes in Internal Controls over Financial Reporting
 
There was no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the period that has materially affected or is reasonably likely to materially affect, its internal control over financial reporting.
 
Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
 
Management of Pan American is responsible for establishing and maintaining an adequate system of internal control, including internal controls over financial reporting.  Internal control over financial reporting is a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the President and Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer and effected by the Board of Directors, management and other personnel to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IFRS”).  It includes those policies and procedures that:
 
a)
pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of Pan American,
 
b)
are designed to provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards, and that receipts and expenditures of Pan American are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and Pan American’s directors, and
 
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c)
are designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of Pan American’s assets that could have a material effect on the annual financial statements or interim financial reports.
 
The Company’s management, including its President and Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, believe that due to its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements on a timely basis.  Also, projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting to future periods are subject to the risk that the controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
 
Management assessed the effectiveness of Pan American’s internal control over financial reporting as at December 31, 2013, based on the criteria set forth in Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission 1992 (COSO).  Based on this assessment, management concludes that, as of December 31, 2013, Pan American’s internal control over financial reporting is effective.
 
Management reviewed the results of management’s assessment with the Audit Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors.  Deloitte LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, were engaged, as approved by a vote of the Company’s shareholders, to audit and provide independent opinions on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2013.  Deloitte LLP has provided such opinions.
 
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MINERAL RESERVES AND RESOURCES
 
MINERAL RESERVES – PROVEN AND PROBABLE
       
Tonnes
Ag
Contained Ag
Au
Contained Au
Cu
Pb
Zn
 
Location
Type
Classification
(Mt)
(g/t)
(Moz)
(g/t)
(000's oz.)
(%)
(%)
(%)
Huaron
Peru
Vein
Proven
6.9
169
37.3
N/A
N/A
0.44
1.41
2.95
   
Vein
Probable
4.7
163
24.9
N/A
N/A
0.42
1.50
2.89
Morococha (92.3%)
Peru
Vein/Mantos
Proven
2.7
188
16.3
N/A
N/A
0.47
1.32
4.32
   
Vein/Mantos
Probable
2.7
206
18.1
N/A
N/A
0.69
1.31
4.06
La Colorada
Mexico
Vein
Proven
2.4
406
31.2
0.31
23.5
N/A
1.35
2.47
   
Vein
Probable
4.1
378
50.2
0.39
51.9
N/A
1.30
2.35
Dolores
Mexico
Vein
Proven
39.4
31
39.9
0.75
949.5
N/A
N/A
N/A
   
Vein
Probable
29.2
35
32.7
0.85
802.3
N/A
N/A
N/A
Alamo Dorado
Mexico
Disseminated
Proven
4.4
68
9.7
0.29
41.0
N/A
N/A
N/A
   
Disseminated
Probable
0.7
88
2.0
0.61
13.8
N/A
N/A
N/A
La Bolsa
Mexico
Vein
Proven
9.5
10
3.1
0.67
203.0
N/A
N/A
N/A
   
Vein
Probable
6.2
7
1.4
0.57
113.1
N/A
N/A
N/A
Manantial Espejo
Argentina
Vein
Proven
3.0
135
13.2
2.06
200.7
N/A
N/A
N/A
   
Vein
Probable
1.3
140
6.0
2.17
92.4
N/A
N/A
N/A
San Vicente (95%)
Bolivia
Vein
Proven
2.1
413
28.1
N/A
N/A
N/A
0.35
2.85
   
Vein
Probable
0.7
406
9.4
N/A
N/A
N/A
0.34
2.55
TOTALS
   
Proven + Probable
120.1
84
323.5
0.77
2,491.3
0.48
1.27
3.04
MINERAL RESOURCES – MEASURED AND INDICATED
       
Tonnes
Ag
Contained Ag
Au
Contained Au
Cu
Pb
Zn
 
Location
Type
Classification
(Mt)
(g/t)
(Moz)
(g/t)
(000's oz.)
(%)
(%)
(%)
Huaron
Peru
Vein
Measured
1.5
162
7.9
N/A
N/A
0.20
1.85
3.06
   
Vein
Indicated
1.0
166
5.2
N/A
N/A
0.24
1.89
3.22
Morococha (92.3%)
Peru
Vein/Mantos
Measured
0.8
150
3.9
N/A
N/A
0.41
1.31
3.57
   
Vein/Mantos
Indicated
1.1
202
7.4
N/A
N/A
0.54
1.45
3.37
La Colorada
Mexico
Vein
Measured
0.4
164
2.2
0.15
2.1
N/A
0.40
0.65
   
Vein
Indicated
1.7
255
13.8
0.29
15.7
N/A
0.51
0.83
Dolores
Mexico
Vein
Measured
2.4
31
2.5
0.51
40.4
N/A
N/A
N/A
   
Vein
Indicated
9.0
32
9.2
0.96
279.0
N/A
N/A
N/A
Alamo Dorado
Mexico
Disseminated
Measured
1.0
43
1.3
0.22
6.8
N/A
N/A
N/A
   
Disseminated
Indicated
1.2
78
3.1
0.40
15.9
N/A
N/A
N/A
La Bolsa
 Mexico
Vein
Measured
1.4
11
0.3
0.90
31.4
N/A
N/A
N/A
   
Vein
Indicated
4.5
9
1.1
0.50
59.8
N/A
N/A
N/A
Manantial Espejo
Argentina
Vein
Measured
2.0
93
5.9
1.26
79.1
N/A
N/A
N/A
   
Vein
Indicated
3.4
90
9.9
1.16
127.7
N/A
N/A
N/A
San Vicente (95%)
Bolivia
Vein
Measured
0.5
117
1.9
N/A
N/A
N/A
0.19
2.16
   
Vein
Indicated
0.2
129
0.9
N/A
N/A
N/A
0.12
1.47
Navidad
Argentina
Mantos, Diss.
Measured
15.4
137
67.8
N/A
N/A
0.10
1.44
N/A
   
Mantos, Diss.
Indicated
139.8
126
564.5
N/A
N/A
0.04
0.79
N/A
Pico Machay
Peru
Disseminated
Measured
4.7
N/A
N/A
0.91
137.5
N/A
N/A
N/A
   
Disseminated
Indicated
5.9
N/A
N/A
0.67
127.1
N/A
N/A
N/A
Calcatreu
Argentina
Vein
Indicated
8.0
26
6.6
2.63
676.0
N/A
N/A
N/A
TOTALS
 
 
Measured+
Indicated
206.0
114
715.4
1.10
1,598.5
0.05
0.87
2.43
 
Pan American Silver Corp.
60

 

MINERAL RESOURCES – INFERRED

       
Tonnes
Ag
Contained Ag
Au
Contained Au
Cu
Pb
Zn
 
Location
Type
Classification
(Mt)
(g/t)
(Moz)
(g/t)
(000's oz)
(%)
(%)
(%)
Huaron
Peru
Vein
Inferred
8.5
161
44.0
N/A
N/A
0.29
1.61
2.72
Morococha (92.3%)
Peru
Vein/Mantos
Inferred
8.0
209
53.9
N/A
N/A
0.43
1.45
5.11
La Colorada
Mexico
Vein
Inferred
2.9
265
24.5
0.42
38.8
N/A
1.34
2.17
Dolores
Mexico
Vein
Inferred
10.7
39
13.3
0.97
334.5
N/A
N/A
N/A
Alamo Dorado
Mexico
Disseminated
Inferred
0.0
39
0.0
0.54
0.0
N/A
N/A
N/A
La Bolsa
Mexico
Vein
Inferred
13.7
8
3.3
0.51
222.4
N/A
N/A
N/A
Manantial Espejo
Argentina
Vein
Inferred
1.4
99
4.3
1.17
51.2
N/A
N/A
N/A
San Vicente (95%)
Bolivia
Vein
Inferred
3.1
330
33.2
N/A
N/A
N/A
0.28
2.53
Navidad
Argentina
Mantos, Diss.
Inferred
45.9
81
119.4
N/A
N/A
0.02
0.57
N/A
Pico Machay
Peru
Disseminated
Inferred
23.9
N/A
N/A
0.58
445.7
N/A
N/A
N/A
Calcatreu
Argentina
Vein
Inferred
3.4
17
1.8
2.06
226.0
N/A
N/A
N/A
TOTALS
   
Inferred
121.5
95
297.7
0.73
1,318.7
0.09
0.82
2.36

HISTORICAL ESTIMATES

     
Tonnes
Ag
Contained Ag
Au
Pb
Contained Au
Zn
Cu
Property
Location
Unclassified
(Mt)
(g/t)
(Moz)
(g/t)
(%)
(000's oz)
(%)
(%)
Hog Heaven (ii)
USA
Historical (ii)(iii)
2.7
167
14.6
0.62
N/A
53.9
N/A
N/A
Hog Heaven (ii)
USA
Historical (ii)(iv)
7.6
133
32.7
0.70
N/A
171.9
N/A
N/A
Waterloo (v)
USA
Historical
33.8
93
100.9
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
TOTAL
 
Historical
44.1
104
148.2
   
225.8
   

Notes: 
The foregoing tables illustrate Pan American’s share of mineral reserves and resources.  Properties in which Pan American has less than 100% interest are noted next to the property name.
   
 
Mineral reserves and resources are as defined by the Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum.
   
 
Mineral resources that are not mineral reserves have no demonstrated economic viability.
   
 
Pan American does not expect these mineral reserve and resource estimates to be materially affected by metallurgical, environmental, permitting, legal, taxation, socio-economic, political, and marketing or other relevant issues.
   
 
See the Company’s Annual Information Form dated March 28, 2013 for more information concerning associated QA/QC and data verification matters, the key assumptions, parameters and methods used by the Company to estimate mineral reserves and mineral resources, and for a detailed description of known legal, political, environmental, and other risks that could materially affect the Company’s business and the potential development of the Company’s mineral reserves and resources.
   
 
Grades are shown as contained metal before mill recoveries are applied.
   
 
Pan American reports mineral resources and mineral reserves separately. Reported mineral resources do not include amounts identified as mineral reserves.
   
 
Metal prices used for reserves at all Mines: Ag: $22.00/oz, Au: $1,300/oz, Pb: $1,950/Tonne,Cu: $6,800/Tonne,Zn: $1,850/Tonne
   
 
Metal prices used for La Bolsa reserves were Ag: $14.00/oz and Au: $825/oz
   
 
Metal prices used for Calcatreu resources and reserves were Ag: $12.50/oz and Au: $650/oz.
   
 
Metal prices use for resources vary according to mine and mining area.
   
 
Metal prices used for Navidad resources were Ag: $12.52/oz and Pb: $1,100/tonne.
   
 
Metal prices for Dolores and Alamo Dorado resources: Ag $35/oz, Au: $1,400/oz.
 
Pan American Silver Corp.
61

 

 
(i)
Totals may not add-up due to rounding.
     
 
(ii)
The historical estimate for Hog Heaven was prepared by Gregory Hahn, Chief Geological Engineer for CoCa Mines Inc., a previous owner of the property, in a report titled “Hog Heaven Project Optimization Study” dated May 1989, prior to implementation of NI 43-101. The historical estimate was based on extensive diamond drilling, and was estimated using a silver price of $6.50 per ounce and a gold price of $400 per ounce (these were relevant prices at the time of the estimate).  Michael Steinmann, P.Geo, has reviewed the available data, including drill sections, surface maps, and additional supporting information sources, and believes that the historic estimate was conducted in a professional and competent manner and is relevant for the purposes of the Company's decision to maintain its interest in this property. In the study, the historic estimate was sub-categorized as follows:
     
 
Category
 
Tons
 
oz/ton Ag
oz/ton Au
             
 
Proven Reserves
 
2,981,690
 
4.88
0.018
             
 
Probable & Possible Reserves
 
904,200
 
10.40
0.020
             
 
Heap leach ore
 
316,100
 
1.56
0.014
             
 
Possible Resources
 
4,500,000
 
2.41
0.020
             
 
Inferred Resources
 
2,700,000
 
4.44
0.022
             
 
However, the Company has not completed the work necessary to verify the historical estimate.  Accordingly, the Company is not treating the historical estimate as current, NI 43-101-compliant mineral resources based on information prepared by or under the supervision of a QP.  These historical estimates should not be relied upon.
   
 
The Company believes that the historical estimate category of "proven reserves" for Hog Heaven most closely corresponds to 2,705,000 tonnes in the CIM definition category of "indicated mineral resources".
   
 
The Company believes that the historical estimate categories of "proven & possible reserves", "heap leach ore stockpile", "possible resources" and "inferred resources" most closely correspond to 7,639,000 tonnes in the CIM definition category of "inferred mineral resources".
   
 
(iii)
The historical estimate for Waterloo was initially prepared by Asarco Inc. in 1968.  In September 1994 Robert J. Rodger, P.Eng., reviewed the Asarco reports and prepared a Technical Evaluation Report on the Waterloo property, prior to the implementation of NI 43-101. The Technical Evaluation Report confirmed that the historical estimate was based on reverse circulation drilling and underground sampling, and concluded the estimate was based on sound methodology. The historical estimate at Waterloo was prepared using a silver price of $5.00 per ounce (the relevant price at the time of the estimate).  Michael Steinmann, P.Geo., has reviewed the Technical Evaluation Report and believes the historic estimate was conducted in a professional and competent manner and is relevant for purposes of the Company's decision to maintain its interest in the property. The Company believes that the historical estimate category of 37,235,000 tons (at 2.71 ounces per ton silver) of "measured and indicated reserves" most closely corresponds to 33,758,000 tonnes in the CIM definition category of "indicated mineral resource."  However, the Company has not completed the work necessary to verify the historical estimate. Accordingly, the Company is not treating the historical estimate as current, NI 43-101 compliant mineral resources based on information prepared by or under the supervision of a QP. These historical estimates should not be relied upon.
     
 
(iv)
 The Company believes that the historical estimate categories of “proven & possible reserves”, “heap leach ore stockpile”, “possible resources” and “inferred resources” most closely correspond to 7,639,000 tonnes in the NI 43-101 category of “inferred resources”
     
 
(v)
The historical estimate for Waterloo was initially prepared by Asarco Inc. in 1968.  In September 1994 Robert J. Rodger, P.Eng., reviewed the Asarco reports and prepared a Technical Evaluation Report on the Waterloo property, prior to the implementation of NI 43-101.  The Technical Evaluation Report confirmed that the historical estimate was based on reverse circulation drilling and underground sampling, and concluded the estimate was based on sound methodology.  The historical estimate at Waterloo was prepared using a silver price of $5.00 per ounce (the relevant price at the time of the estimate).  Michael Steinmann, P.Geo., QP for the Company, has reviewed the Technical Evaluation Report and believes the historic estimate was conducted in a professional and competent manner and is relevant for purposes of the Company's decision to maintain its interest in the property.  The Company believes that the historical estimate category of 37,235,000 tons (at 2.71 ounces per ton silver) of "measured and indicated reserves" most closely corresponds to 33,758,000 tonnes in the NI 43-101 category of "indicated resource".  However; the Company has not completed the work necessary to verify the historical estimate.  Accordingly, the Company is not treating the historical estimate as current, NI 43-101 compliant mineral resources based on
 
Pan American Silver Corp.
62

 

   
information prepared by or under the supervision of a QP.  These historical estimates should not be relied upon.

Mineral resource and reserve estimates for Huaron, Dolores, San Vicente, La Colorada, Manantial Espejo, Alamo Dorado, Morococha, Pico Machay and Calcatreu were prepared under the supervision of, or were reviewed by Michael Steinmann, P. Geo., Executive Vice-President Corporate Development and Geology and Martin G. Wafforn, P. Eng., Vice-President Technical Services, each of whom are Qualified Persons as that term is defined in National Instrument 43-101 (“NI 43-101”).  Navidad mineral resource estimates were prepared by Pamela De Mark, P. Geo., Director, Resources, formerly Sr. Consultant of Snowden Mining Industry Consultants, also a Qualified Person as that term is defined in NI 43-101.  Mineral resource estimates for Hog Heaven and Waterloo are based on historical third party estimates.
 
TECHNICAL INFORMATION
 
Michael Steinmann and Martin Wafforn, each of whom are Qualified Persons, as the term is defined in NI 43-101, have reviewed and approved the contents of this MD&A.
 
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS AND INFORMATION
 
CERTAIN OF THE STATEMENTS AND INFORMATION IN THIS MD&A CONSTITUTE “FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS” WITHIN THE MEANING OF THE UNITED STATES PRIVATE SECURITIES LITIGATION REFORM ACT OF 1995 AND “FORWARD-LOOKING INFORMATION” WITHIN THE MEANING OF APPLICABLE CANADIAN PROVINCIAL SECURITIES LAWS RELATING TO THE COMPANY AND ITS OPERATIONS. ALL STATEMENTS, OTHER THAN STATEMENTS OF HISTORICAL FACT, ARE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS.  WHEN USED IN THIS MD&A THE WORDS, “BELIEVES”, “EXPECTS”, “INTENDS”, “PLANS”, “FORECAST”, “OBJECTIVE”, “OUTLOOK”, “POSITIONING”, “POTENTIAL”, “ANTICIPATED”, “BUDGET”, AND OTHER SIMILAR WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS, IDENTIFY FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS OR INFORMATION.  THESE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS OR INFORMATION RELATE TO, AMONG OTHER THINGS: FUTURE PRODUCTION OF SILVER, GOLD AND OTHER METALS PRODUCED BY THE COMPANY; FUTURE CASH COSTS PER OUNCE OF SILVER; THE PRICE OF SILVER AND OTHER METALS; THE EFFECTS OF LAWS, REGULATIONS AND GOVERNMENT POLICIES AFFECTING PAN AMERICAN’S OPERATIONS OR POTENTIAL FUTURE OPERATIONS, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE LAWS IN THE PROVINCE OF CHUBUT, ARGENTINA, WHICH, CURRENTLY HAVE SIGNIFICANT RESTRICTIONS ON MINING, AND RECENT AMENDMENTS TO THE LABOUR AND TAX LAWS IN MEXICO AND THE INTRODUCTION OF THE NEW MINING PROPERTY TAX IN SANTA CRUZ, ARGENTINA, EACH OF WHICH COULD PLACE ADDITIONAL FINANCIAL OBLIGATIONS ON OUR MEXICAN SUSBSIDIARIES; THE CONTINUING NATURE OF HIGH INFLATION, RISING CAPITAL AND OPERATING COSTS, CAPITAL RESTRICTIONS AND RISKS OF EXPROPRIATION RELATIVE TO CERTAIN OF OUR OPERATIONS, PARTICULARLY IN ARGENTINA AND BOLIVIA, AND THEIR EFFECTS ON OUR BUSINESS; FUTURE SUCCESSFUL DEVELOPMENT OF THE NAVIDAD PROJECT AND OTHER DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS OF THE COMPANY; THE SUFFICIENCY OF THE COMPANY’S CURRENT WORKING CAPITAL, ANTICIPATED OPERATING CASH FLOW OR ITS ABILITY TO RAISE NECESSARY FUNDS; TIMING OF PRODUCTION AND THE CASH AND TOTAL COSTS OF PRODUCTION AT EACH OF THE COMPANY’S PROPERTIES; THE ESTIMATED COST OF AND AVAILABILITY OF FUNDING NECESSARY FOR SUSTAINING CAPITAL; THE SUCCESSFUL IMPLEMENTATION AND EFFECTS OF ONGOING OR FUTURE DEVELOPMENT AND EXPANSION PLANS AND CAPITAL REPLACEMENT, IMPROVEMENT OR REMEDIATION PROGRAMS; FORECAST CAPITAL AND NON-OPERATING SPENDING; FUTURE SALES OF THE METALS, CONCENTRATES OR OTHER PRODUCTS PRODUCED BY THE COMPANY; AND THE COMPANY’S PLANS AND EXPECTATIONS FOR ITS PROPERTIES AND OPERATIONS.

THESE STATEMENTS REFLECT THE COMPANY’S CURRENT VIEWS WITH RESPECT TO FUTURE EVENTS AND ARE NECESSARILY BASED UPON A NUMBER OF ASSUMPTIONS AND ESTIMATES THAT, WHILE CONSIDERED REASONABLE BY THE COMPANY, ARE INHERENTLY SUBJECT TO SIGNIFICANT BUSINESS, ECONOMIC, COMPETITIVE, POLITICAL AND SOCIAL UNCERTAINTIES AND CONTINGENCIES.  MANY FACTORS, BOTH KNOWN AND UNKNOWN, COULD CAUSE ACTUAL RESULTS, PERFORMANCE OR ACHIEVEMENTS TO BE MATERIALLY DIFFERENT FROM THE RESULTS, PERFORMANCE OR ACHIEVEMENTS THAT ARE OR MAY BE EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED BY SUCH FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS CONTAINED IN THIS MD&A AND THE COMPANY HAS MADE ASSUMPTIONS AND ESTIMATES BASED ON OR RELATED TO MANY OF THESE FACTORS.  SUCH FACTORS INCLUDE, WITHOUT LIMITATION: FLUCTUATIONS IN SPOT AND FORWARD MARKETS FOR SILVER, GOLD, BASE METALS AND CERTAIN OTHER COMMODITIES (SUCH AS NATURAL GAS, FUEL OIL AND ELECTRICITY); FLUCTUATIONS IN CURRENCY MARKETS (SUCH AS THE PERUVIAN SOL, MEXICAN PESO, ARGENTINE PESO, BOLIVIAN BOLIVIANO AND CANADIAN DOLLAR VERSUS THE U.S. DOLLAR); RISKS RELATED TO THE TECHNOLOGICAL AND OPERATIONAL NATURE OF THE COMPANY’S BUSINESS; CHANGES IN NATIONAL AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT, LEGISLATION, TAXATION, CONTROLS OR REGULATIONS AND  POLITICAL OR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTS IN CANADA, THE UNITED STATES, MEXICO, PERU, ARGENTINA, BOLIVIA OR OTHER COUNTRIES WHERE THE COMPANY MAY CARRY ON BUSINESS IN THE FUTURE; RISKS AND HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH THE BUSINESS OF MINERAL EXPLORATION, DEVELOPMENT AND MINING (INCLUDING ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS, INDUSTRIAL ACCIDENTS, UNUSUAL OR UNEXPECTED GEOLOGICAL OR STRUCTURAL FORMATIONS, PRESSURES, CAVE-INS AND FLOODING); RISKS RELATING TO THE CREDIT WORTHINESS OR FINANCIAL CONDITION OF

Pan American Silver Corp.
63

 

SUPPLIERS, REFINERS AND OTHER PARTIES WITH WHOM THE COMPANY DOES BUSINESS; INADEQUATE INSURANCE, OR INABILITY TO OBTAIN INSURANCE, TO COVER THESE RISKS AND HAZARDS; EMPLOYEE RELATIONS; RELATIONSHIPS WITH AND CLAIMS BY LOCAL COMMUNITIES AND INDIGENOUS POPULATIONS; AVAILABILITY AND INCREASING COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH MINING INPUTS AND LABOUR; THE SPECULATIVE NATURE OF MINERAL EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT, INCLUDING THE RISKS OF OBTAINING NECESSARY LICENSES AND PERMITS AND THE PRESENCE OF LAWS AND REGULATIONS THAT MAY IMPOSE RESTRICTIONS ON MINING, INCLUDING THOSE CURRENTLY IN THE PROVINCE OF CHUBUT, ARGENTINA; DIMINISHING QUANTITIES OR GRADES OF MINERAL RESERVES AS PROPERTIES ARE MINED; GLOBAL FINANCIAL CONDITIONS; THE COMPANY’S ABILITY TO COMPLETE AND SUCCESSFULLY INTEGRATE ACQUISITIONS AND TO MITIGATE OTHER BUSINESS COMBINATION RISKS; CHALLENGES TO, OR DIFFICULTY IN MAINTAINING, THE COMPANY’S TITLE TO PROPERTIES AND CONTINUED OWNERSHIP THEREOF; THE ACTUAL RESULTS OF CURRENT EXPLORATION ACTIVITIES, CONCLUSIONS OF ECONOMIC EVALUATIONS, AND CHANGES IN PROJECT PARAMETERS TO DEAL WITH UNANTICIPATED ECONOMIC OR OTHER FACTORS; INCREASED COMPETITION IN THE MINING INDUSTRY FOR PROPERTIES, EQUIPMENT, QUALIFIED PERSONNEL, AND THEIR COSTS; AND THOSE FACTORS IDENTIFIED UNDER THE CAPTION “RISKS RELATED TO PAN AMERICAN’S BUSINESS” IN THE COMPANY’S MOST RECENT FORM 40-F AND ANNUAL INFORMATION FORM FILED WITH THE UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION AND CANADIAN PROVINCIAL SECURITIES REGULATORY AUTHORITIES.  INVESTORS ARE CAUTIONED AGAINST ATTRIBUTING UNDUE CERTAINTY OR RELIANCE ON FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS. ALTHOUGH THE COMPANY HAS ATTEMPTED TO IDENTIFY IMPORTANT FACTORS THAT COULD CAUSE ACTUAL RESULTS TO DIFFER MATERIALLY, THERE MAY BE OTHER FACTORS THAT CAUSE RESULTS NOT TO BE AS ANTICIPATED, ESTIMATED, DESCRIBED OR INTENDED.  THE COMPANY DOES NOT INTEND, AND DOES NOT ASSUME ANY OBLIGATION, TO UPDATE THESE FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS OR INFORMATION TO REFLECT CHANGES IN ASSUMPTIONS OR CHANGES IN CIRCUMSTANCES OR ANY OTHER EVENTS AFFECTING SUCH STATEMENTS OR INFORMATION, OTHER THAN AS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW.

CAUTIONARY NOTE TO US INVESTORS CONCERNING ESTIMATES OF RESERVES AND RESOURCES

THIS MD&A HAS BEEN PREPARED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE REQUIREMENTS OF CANADIAN PROVINCIAL SECURITIES LAWS, WHICH DIFFER FROM THE REQUIREMENTS OF U.S. SECURITIES LAWS. UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED, ALL MINERAL RESERVE AND RESOURCE ESTIMATES INCLUDED IN THIS MD&A HAVE BEEN PREPARED IN ACCORDANCE WITH CANADIAN NATIONAL INSTRUMENT 43-101 – STANDARDS OF DISCLOSURE FOR MINERAL PROJECTS (‘‘NI 43-101’’) AND THE CANADIAN INSTITUTE OF MINING, METALLURGY AND PETROLEUM CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM. NI 43-101 IS A RULE DEVELOPED BY THE CANADIAN SECURITIES ADMINISTRATORS THAT ESTABLISHES STANDARDS FOR ALL PUBLIC DISCLOSURE AN ISSUER MAKES OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL INFORMATION CONCERNING MINERAL PROJECTS.

CANADIAN STANDARDS, INCLUDING NI 43-101, DIFFER SIGNIFICANTLY FROM THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION (THE “SEC”), AND INFORMATION CONCERNING MINERALIZATION, DEPOSITS, MINERAL RESERVE AND RESOURCE INFORMATION CONTAINED OR REFERRED TO HEREIN MAY NOT BE COMPARABLE TO SIMILAR INFORMATION DISCLOSED BY U.S. COMPANIES. IN PARTICULAR, AND WITHOUT LIMITING THE GENERALITY OF THE FOREGOING, THIS MD&A USES THE TERMS ‘‘MEASURED RESOURCES’’, ‘‘INDICATED RESOURCES’’ AND ‘‘INFERRED RESOURCES’’. U.S. INVESTORS ARE ADVISED THAT, WHILE SUCH TERMS ARE RECOGNIZED AND REQUIRED BY CANADIAN SECURITIES LAWS, THE SEC DOES NOT RECOGNIZE THEM. UNDER U.S. STANDARDS, MINERALIZATION MAY NOT BE CLASSIFIED AS A ‘‘RESERVE’’ UNLESS THE DETERMINATION HAS BEEN MADE THAT THE MINERALIZATION COULD BE ECONOMICALLY AND LEGALLY PRODUCED OR EXTRACTED AT THE TIME THE RESERVE DETERMINATION IS MADE. U.S. INVESTORS ARE CAUTIONED NOT TO ASSUME THAT ANY PART OF A “MEASURED RESOURCE” OR “INDICATED RESOURCE” WILL EVER BE CONVERTED INTO A “RESERVE”. U.S. INVESTORS SHOULD ALSO UNDERSTAND THAT “INFERRED RESOURCES” HAVE A GREAT AMOUNT OF UNCERTAINTY AS TO THEIR EXISTENCE AND GREAT UNCERTAINTY AS TO THEIR ECONOMIC AND LEGAL FEASIBILITY. IT CANNOT BE ASSUMED THAT ALL OR ANY PART OF “INFERRED RESOURCES” EXIST, ARE ECONOMICALLY OR LEGALLY MINEABLE OR WILL EVER BE UPGRADED TO A HIGHER CATEGORY. UNDER CANADIAN SECURITIES LAWS, ESTIMATED “INFERRED RESOURCES” MAY NOT FORM THE BASIS OF FEASIBILITY OR PRE-FEASIBILITY STUDIES EXCEPT IN RARE CASES. DISCLOSURE OF “CONTAINED OUNCES” IN A MINERAL RESOURCE IS PERMITTED DISCLOSURE UNDER CANADIAN SECURITIES LAWS. HOWEVER, THE SEC NORMALLY ONLY PERMITS ISSUERS TO REPORT MINERALIZATION THAT DOES NOT CONSTITUTE “RESERVES” BY SEC STANDARDS AS IN PLACE TONNAGE AND GRADE, WITHOUT REFERENCE TO UNIT MEASURES. THE REQUIREMENTS OF NI 43-101 FOR IDENTIFICATION OF “RESERVES” ARE ALSO NOT THE SAME AS THOSE OF THE SEC, AND RESERVES REPORTED BY THE COMPANY IN COMPLIANCE WITH NI 43-101 MAY NOT QUALIFY AS “RESERVES” UNDER SEC STANDARDS. ACCORDINGLY, INFORMATION CONCERNING MINERAL DEPOSITS SET FORTH HEREIN MAY NOT BE COMPARABLE WITH INFORMATION MADE PUBLIC BY COMPANIES THAT REPORT IN ACCORDANCE WITH U.S. STANDARDS.
 
Pan American Silver Corp.
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