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Expenses by Nature
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Text block1 [abstract]  
Expenses by Nature
5.

Expenses by Nature

 

(CAD$ in millions)

    2017      2016  

Employment-related costs:

      

Wages and salaries

    $ 899      $ 858  

Employee benefits and other wage-related costs

      236        250  

Bonus payments

      192        162  

Post-employment benefits and pension costs

      122        112  
  

 

 

     

 

 

  
     1,449        1,382  

Transportation

      1,331        1,270  

Depreciation and amortization

      1,467        1,385  

Raw material purchases

      824        876  

Fuel and energy

      657        596  

Operating supplies consumed

      569        558  

Maintenance and repair supplies

      698        586  

Contractors and consultants

      570        427  

Overhead costs

      287        293  

Royalties

      453        312  

Other operating costs

      9        13  
  

 

 

     

 

 

  
     8,314        7,698  

Less:

      

Capitalized production stripping costs

      (678 )       (477 ) 

Change in inventory

      12        (137 ) 
  

 

 

     

 

 

  

Total cost of sales, general and administration, exploration and research and development expenses

    $ 7,648      $ 7,084  
  

 

 

     

 

 

  

Approximately 28% (2016 — 29%) of our costs are incurred at our foreign operations where the functional currency is the U.S. dollar.