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Investments (Tables)
6 Months Ended
Jun. 30, 2024
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]  
Consolidated Investments The Company’s consolidated investments as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 are summarized as follows:
June 30, 2024
 Amortized CostAllowance for Expected Credit LossesGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized LossesFair Value
Available-for-sale securities (In millions)
Asset-backed securities$15,689 $(11)$240 $(359)$15,559 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities5,217 (46)34 (216)4,989 
Corporates22,383 (15)96 (2,780)19,684 
Hybrids678 — (43)639 
Municipals1,706 — (249)1,464 
Residential mortgage-backed securities2,541 (1)28 (114)2,454 
U.S. Government643 — (11)635 
Foreign Governments372 — — (50)322 
Total available-for-sale securities$49,229 $(73)$412 $(3,822)$45,746 
December 31, 2023
 Amortized CostAllowance for Expected Credit LossesGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized LossesFair Value
Available-for-sale securities (In millions)
Asset-backed securities$14,631 $(11)$191 $(469)$14,342 
Commercial mortgage-backed/asset-backed securities4,797 (22)23 (323)4,475 
Corporates20,133 (6)186 (2,417)17,896 
Hybrids668 — (53)618 
Municipals1,826 — 14 (229)1,611 
Residential mortgage-backed securities2,507 (3)29 (104)2,429 
U.S. Government679 — (9)678 
Foreign Governments365 — (44)324 
Total available-for-sale securities$45,606 $(42)$457 $(3,648)$42,373 
Investments Classified by Contractual Maturity Date
The amortized cost and fair value of fixed maturity securities by contractual maturities, as applicable, are shown below. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations.
June 30, 2024December 31, 2023
(In millions)(In millions)
Amortized Cost Fair ValueAmortized Cost Fair Value
Corporates, Non-structured Hybrids, Municipal and Government securities:
Due in one year or less$815 $800 $703 $687 
Due after one year through five years4,877 4,743 4,320 4,209 
Due after five years through ten years4,160 3,990 3,195 3,048 
Due after ten years15,930 13,211 15,453 13,183 
Subtotal25,782 22,744 23,671 21,127 
Other securities, which provide for periodic payments:
Asset-backed securities15,689 15,559 14,631 14,342 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities5,217 4,989 4,797 4,475 
Residential mortgage-backed securities2,541 2,454 2,507 2,429 
Subtotal23,447 23,002 21,935 21,246 
Total fixed maturity available-for-sale securities$49,229 $45,746 $45,606 $42,373 
Fair Value and Gross Unrealized Losses of Available-for-sale Securities
The fair value and gross unrealized losses of AFS securities, excluding securities in an unrealized loss position with an allowance for expected credit loss, aggregated by investment category and duration of fair value below amortized cost as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were as follows:
June 30, 2024
Less than 12 months12 months or longerTotal
Fair ValueGross Unrealized
Losses
Fair ValueGross Unrealized
Losses
Fair ValueGross Unrealized
Losses
Available-for-sale securities(In millions)
Asset-backed securities$1,322 $(33)$3,951 $(317)$5,273 $(350)
Commercial mortgage-backed securities795 (6)2,065 (198)2,860 (204)
Corporates4,080 (85)11,544 (2,695)15,624 (2,780)
Hybrids73 (2)484 (42)557 (44)
Municipals248 (41)999 (208)1,247 (249)
Residential mortgage-backed securities448 (6)792 (103)1,240 (109)
U.S. Government226 (2)192 (9)418 (11)
Foreign Government59 (4)199 (47)258 (51)
Total available-for-sale securities$7,251 $(179)$20,226 $(3,619)$27,477 $(3,798)
Total number of available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position less than twelve months1,578 
Total number of available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position twelve months or longer2,807
Total number of available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position 4,385 
December 31, 2023
Less than 12 months12 months or longerTotal
Fair ValueGross Unrealized
Losses
Fair ValueGross Unrealized
Losses
Fair ValueGross Unrealized
Losses
Available-for-sale securities(In millions)
Asset-backed securities$1,707 $(56)$5,835 $(404)$7,542 $(460)
Commercial mortgage-backed securities819 (53)1,922 (235)2,741 (288)
Corporates2,387 (134)10,739 (2,283)13,126 (2,417)
Hybrids60 (2)483 (51)543 (53)
Municipals399 (49)920 (179)1,319 (228)
Residential mortgage-backed securities336 (5)662 (89)998 (94)
U.S. Government84 — 159 (9)243 (9)
Foreign Government49 (3)188 (41)237 (44)
Total available-for-sale securities$5,841 $(302)$20,908 $(3,291)$26,749 $(3,593)
Total number of available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position less than twelve months1,035
Total number of available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position twelve months or longer2,846
Total number of available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position 3,881 
Schedule of Distribution of CMLs, Gross Valuation by Property Type and Geographic Region The distribution of CMLs, gross of valuation allowances, by property type and geographic region is reflected in the following tables:
June 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Gross Carrying Value% of TotalGross Carrying Value% of Total
Property Type:(In millions)(In millions)
Hotel$18 %$18 %
Industrial617 24 %616 24 %
Mixed Use11 — %11 — %
Multifamily1,006 39 %1,012 40 %
Office309 12 %316 13 %
Retail100 %102 %
Student Housing 83 %83 %
Other430 17 %392 15 %
Total commercial mortgage loans, gross of valuation allowance
$2,574 100 %$2,550 100 %
Allowance for expected credit loss(14)(12)
Total commercial mortgage loans, net of valuation allowance
$2,560 $2,538 
U.S. Region:
East North Central$98 %$151 %
East South Central75 %75 %
Middle Atlantic354 14 %354 14 %
Mountain406 15 %352 14 %
New England92 %168 %
Pacific761 30 %766 30 %
South Atlantic616 24 %563 22 %
West North Central22 %— %
West South Central150 %117 %
Total commercial mortgage loans, gross of valuation allowance
$2,574 100 %$2,550 100 %
Allowance for expected credit loss(14)(12)
Total commercial mortgage loans, net of valuation allowance
$2,560 $2,538 
Loans Segregated by Risk Rating Exposure
CMLs segregated by aging of the loans and charge offs (by year of origination) as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, were as follows, gross of valuation allowances:
June 30, 2024
Amortized Cost by Origination Year
20242023202220212020PriorTotal
Commercial mortgages(In millions)
Current (less than 30 days past due)$56 $216 $289 $1,253 $515 $245 $2,574 
30-89 days past due— — — — — — — 
90 days or more past due— — — — — — — 
Total CMLs$56 $216 $289 $1,253 $515 $245 $2,574 
.........................................................................................................
Charge offs.....................................................................................$— $— $— $— $— $— $— 
December 31, 2023
Amortized Cost by Origination Year
20232022202120202019PriorTotal
Commercial mortgages(In millions)
Current (less than 30 days past due)$213 $288 $1,256 $512 $— $259 $2,528 
30-89 days past due— — — — — — — 
90 days or more past due— — — — — — — 
Total CMLs (a)$213 $288 $1,256 $512 $— $259 $2,528 
.........................................................................................................
Charge offs.....................................................................................$— $— $— $— $— $$
(a) Excludes loans under development with an amortized cost and estimated fair value of $22 million.
RMLs segregated by aging of the loans (by year of origination) as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, were as follows, gross of valuation allowances:
June 30, 2024
Amortized Cost by Origination Year
20242023202220212020PriorTotal
Residential mortgages(In millions)
Current (less than 30 days past due)$142 $374 $964 $836 $181 $330 $2,827 
30-89 days past due— 17 10 40 
90 days or more past due— — 10 18 11 23 62 
Total residential mortgages$142 $378 $981 $871 $194 $363 $2,929 
December 31, 2023
Amortized Cost by Origination Year
20232022202120202019PriorTotal
Residential mortgages(In millions)
Current (less than 30 days past due)$373 $985 $854 $192 $183 $192 $2,779 
30-89 days past due— — 16 
90 days or more past due— 16 13 21 57 
Total residential mortgages$373 $995 $877 $208 $204 $195 $2,852 
Schedule of Investment in Mortgage Loans by Loan to Value and Debt Service Coverage Ratios
The following tables present the recorded investment in CMLs by LTV and DSC ratio categories and estimated fair value by the indicated loan-to-value ratios, gross of valuation allowances at June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:
Debt-Service Coverage RatiosTotal Amount% of TotalEstimated Fair Value% of Total
>1.251.00 - 1.25<1.00
June 30, 2024(In millions)
LTV Ratios:
Less than 50.00%$516 $— $10 $526 20 %$507 22 %
50.00% to 59.99%750 56 11 817 32 %725 32 %
60.00% to 74.99%1,159 57 — 1,216 47 %1,007 45 %
75.00% to 84.99%— 15 %15 %
CMLs$2,425 $119 $30 $2,574 100 %$2,254 100 %
December 31, 2023
LTV Ratios:
Less than 50.00%$519 $$10 $533 21 %$510 23 %
50.00% to 59.99%764 — — 764 30 %679 30 %
60.00% to 74.99%1,160 56 — 1,216 48 %1,028 46 %
75.00% to 84.99%— 15 %14 %
CMLs (a)$2,443 $66 $19 $2,528 100 %$2,231 100 %
(a) Excludes loans under development with an amortized cost and estimated fair value of $22 million.
June 30, 2024
Amortized Cost by Origination Year
20242023202220212020PriorTotal
Commercial mortgages(In millions)
LTV
Less than 50.00%$— $88 $18 $74 $235 $111 $526 
50.00% to 59.99%56 53 149 267 158 134 817 
60.00% to 74.99%— 69 113 912 122 — 1,216 
75.00% to 84.99%— — — — 15 
Total CMLs$56 $216 $289 $1,253 $515 $245 $2,574 
Commercial mortgages
DSCR
Greater than 1.25x$— $156 $278 $1,241 $515 $235 $2,425 
1.00x - 1.25x56 60 — — — 119 
Less than 1.00x— — 12 — 10 30 
Total CMLs$56 $216 $289 $1,253 $515 $245 $2,574 
December 31, 2023
Amortized Cost by Origination Year
20232022202120202019PriorTotal
Commercial mortgages(In millions)
LTV
Less than 50.00%$85 $17 $77 $232 $— $122 $533 
50.00% to 59.99%53 149 267 158 — 137 764 
60.00% to 74.99%69 113 912 122 — — 1,216 
75.00% to 84.99%— — — — 15 
Total CMLs (a)$213 $288 $1,256 $512 $— $259 $2,528 
Commercial mortgages
DSCR
Greater than 1.25x$154 $276 $1,256 $512 $— $245 $2,443 
1.00x - 1.25x59 — — — 66 
Less than 1.00x— — — — 10 19 
Total CMLs (a)$213 $288 $1,256 $512 $— $259 $2,528 
(a) Excludes loans under development with an amortized cost and estimated fair value of $22 million.
Schedule of Residential Mortgage Loans by State The distribution of RMLs by state with highest-to-lowest concentration are reflected in the following tables, gross of valuation allowances:
June 30, 2024
Amortized Cost% of Total
U.S. State:(In millions)
Florida$157 %
California137 %
All other states (a)2,635 90 %
      Total RMLs, gross of valuation allowance$2,929 100 %
            Allowance for expected credit loss(50)
      Total RMLs, net of valuation allowance$2,879 
(a)     The individual concentration of each state is equal to or less than 5% as of June 30, 2024.

December 31, 2023
Amortized Cost% of Total
U.S. State:(In millions)
Florida$163 %
New York129 %
Texas129 %
All other states (a)2,431 84 %
      Total RMLs, gross of valuation allowance$2,852 100 %
            Allowance for expected credit loss
(54)
      Total RMLs, net of valuation allowance$2,798 
(a)     The individual concentration of each state is equal to or less than 5% as of December 31, 2023.
Schedule of Loans with Credit Quality Indicators, Performing or Nonperforming The credit quality of RMLs as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, was as follows:
June 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Amortized Cost% of TotalAmortized Cost% of Total
Performance indicators:(In millions)(In millions)
Performing$2,867 98 %$2,795 98 %
Non-performing62 %57 %
Total RMLs, gross of valuation allowance$2,929 100 %$2,852 100 %
Allowance for expected loan loss(50)(54)
Total RMLs, net of valuation allowance$2,879 $2,798 
Nonaccrual Loans by Amortized Cost Non-accrual loans by amortized cost as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, were as follows:
June 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Amortized cost of loans on non-accrual(In millions)
Residential mortgage:$62 $57 
Commercial mortgage:— — 
Total non-accrual mortgages$62 $57 
Allowance for Expected Credit Losses on Loans
The allowances for our mortgage loan portfolio are summarized as follows:
Three months ended June 30, 2024
Six months ended June 30, 2024
(In millions)(In millions)
Residential MortgageCommercial MortgageTotalResidential MortgageCommercial MortgageTotal
Beginning Balance$(54)$(13)$(67)$(54)$(12)$(66)
Provision (expense) benefit for loan losses(1)(2)
Ending Balance$(50)$(14)$(64)$(50)$(14)$(64)
Three months ended June 30, 2023
Six months ended June 30, 2023
(In millions)(In millions)
Residential MortgageCommercial MortgageTotalResidential MortgageCommercial MortgageTotal
Beginning Balance
$(48)$(12)$(60)$(32)$(10)$(42)
Provision (expense) benefit for loan losses(3)(1)(4)(19)(3)(22)
Ending Balance
$(51)$(13)$(64)$(51)$(13)$(64)
Schedule of Sources of Net Investment Income Reported
The major sources of Interest and investment income reported on the accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings were as follows:
Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
2024202320242023
(In millions)(In millions)
Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale$561 $464 $1,096 $912 
Equity securities18 15 
Preferred securities10 15 18 28 
Mortgage loans65 57 131 108 
Invested cash and short-term investments53 34 100 67 
Limited partnerships98 45 151 103 
Tax deferred property exchange income34 40 66 83 
Other investments26 18 56 38 
Gross investment income855 680 1,636 1,354 
Investment expense(72)(62)(143)(125)
Interest and investment income$783 $618 $1,493 $1,229 
Recognized Gains and Losses, net
Details underlying Recognized gains and losses, net reported on the accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings were as follows:
Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
2024202320242023
(In millions)(In millions)
Net realized gains (losses) on fixed maturity available-for-sale securities$23 $(54)$$(104)
Net realized/unrealized losses on equity securities (1)(62)(37)(10)(5)
Net realized/unrealized (losses) gains on preferred securities (2)(4)11 (8)
Net realized/unrealized gains (losses) on other invested assets13 (24)71 (29)
Change in allowance for expected credit losses(31)(20)(31)(23)
Derivatives and embedded derivatives:
Realized gains (losses) on certain derivative instruments14 (65)35 (154)
Unrealized (losses) gains on certain derivative instruments(55)164 103 311 
Change in fair value of reinsurance related embedded derivatives (3)10 17 (8)(2)
Change in fair value of other derivatives and embedded derivatives11 
Realized (losses) gains on derivatives and embedded derivatives(27)117 141 158 
Recognized gains and losses, net$(88)$(16)$187 $(11)
(1) Includes net valuation losses of $(95) million and $(37) million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023, respectively, and net valuation (losses) gains of $(73) million and $9 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023, respectively.
(2) Includes net valuation (losses) gains of $(3) million and $16 million for the three months ended June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023, respectively, and net valuation (losses) gains of $12 million and $50 million for the six months ended June 30, 2024 and June 30, 2023, respectively.
(3) Change in fair value of reinsurance related embedded derivatives is due to activity related to the reinsurance treaties.
Proceeds from Sale of Fixed Maturity Available-for-sale Securities
The proceeds from the sale of fixed-maturity securities and the gross gains and losses associated with those transactions were as follows:
Three months ended June 30,Six months ended June 30,
2024202320242023
(In millions)
Proceeds$579 $609 $1,162 $1,098 
Gross gains10 — 18 
Gross losses(8)(33)(32)(90)
Schedule of Carrying Value and Maximum Loss Exposure, Unconsolidated VIEs
The following table summarizes the carrying value and the maximum loss exposure of our unconsolidated VIEs as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023:
June 30, 2024December 31, 2023
(In millions)(In millions)
Carrying ValueMaximum Loss ExposureCarrying ValueMaximum Loss Exposure
Investment in unconsolidated affiliates$3,705 $5,381 $3,071 $4,806 
Fixed maturity securities22,599 24,323 20,837 22,346 
Total unconsolidated VIE investments$26,304 $29,704 $23,908 $27,152 
Schedules of Investment Concentrations
Our underlying investment concentrations that exceed 10% of shareholders equity are as follows:
June 30, 2024December 31, 2023
(In millions)(In millions)
Blackstone Wave Asset Holdco (1)$736 $725 
(1) Represents a special purpose vehicle that holds investments in numerous limited partnership investments whose underlying investments are further diversified by holding interest in multiple individual investments and industries.