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Investments (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Investments, Debt and Equity Securities [Abstract]  
Consolidated Investments Our preferred and equity securities investments are carried at fair value with unrealized gains and losses included in net earnings. Our consolidated investments are summarized as follows:
December 31, 2024
 Amortized CostAllowance for Expected Credit LossesGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized LossesFair Value
Available-for-sale securities (In millions)
Asset-backed securities$15,784 $(13)$202 $(317)$15,656 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities5,379 (49)53 (201)5,182 
Corporates24,425 (5)108 (2,832)21,696 
Hybrids604 — (29)581 
Municipals1,638 — (255)1,386 
Residential mortgage-backed securities2,869 — 32 (105)2,796 
U.S. Government645 — (10)637 
Foreign Governments337 — — (53)284 
Total available-for-sale securities$51,681 $(67)$406 $(3,802)$48,218 
December 31, 2023
 Amortized CostAllowance for Expected Credit LossesGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized LossesFair Value
Available-for-sale securities (In millions)
Asset-backed securities$14,631 $(11)$191 $(469)$14,342 
Commercial mortgage-backed/asset-backed securities4,797 (22)23 (323)4,475 
Corporates20,133 (6)186 (2,417)17,896 
Hybrids668 — (53)618 
Municipals1,826 — 14 (229)1,611 
Residential mortgage-backed securities2,507 (3)29 (104)2,429 
U.S. Government679 — (9)678 
Foreign Governments365 — (44)324 
Total available-for-sale securities$45,606 $(42)$457 $(3,648)$42,373 
Investments Classified by Contractual Maturity Date
The amortized cost and fair value of fixed maturity securities by contractual maturities, as applicable, are shown below. Actual maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations.
December 31, 2024December 31, 2023
(in millions)(in millions)
Amortized Cost Fair ValueAmortized CostFair Value
Corporates, Non-structured Hybrids, Municipal and Government securities:
Due in one year or less$961 $955 $703 $687 
Due after one year through five years4,616 4,544 4,320 4,209 
Due after five years through ten years5,311 5,126 3,195 3,048 
Due after ten years16,761 13,959 15,453 13,183 
27,649 24,584 23,671 21,127 
Other securities, which provide for periodic payments:
Asset-backed securities15,784 15,656 14,631 14,342 
Commercial mortgage-backed securities5,379 5,182 4,797 4,475 
Residential mortgage-backed securities2,869 2,796 2,507 2,429 
24,032 23,634 21,935 21,246 
Total fixed maturity available-for-sale securities$51,681 $48,218 $45,606 $42,373 
Fair Value and Gross Unrealized Losses of Available-for-sale Securities
The fair value and gross unrealized losses of available-for-sale securities, excluding securities in an unrealized loss position with an allowance for expected credit loss, aggregated by investment category and duration of fair value below amortized cost were as follows:
December 31, 2024
Less than 12 months12 months or longerTotal
Fair ValueGross Unrealized
Losses
Fair ValueGross Unrealized
Losses
Fair ValueGross Unrealized
Losses
Available-for-sale securities(Dollars in millions)
Asset-backed securities$1,164 $(30)$2,637 $(276)$3,801 $(306)
Commercial mortgage-backed securities727 (11)1,513 (175)2,240 (186)
Corporates6,831 (208)9,866 (2,624)16,697 (2,832)
Hybrids105 (4)380 (25)485 (29)
Municipals261 (12)1,006 (243)1,267 (255)
Residential mortgage-backed securities899 (16)460 (89)1,359 (105)
U.S. Government313 (4)122 (5)435 (9)
Foreign Government120 (5)157 (48)277 (53)
Total available-for-sale securities$10,420 $(290)$16,141 $(3,485)$26,561 $(3,775)
Total number of available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position less than twelve months2,005 
Total number of available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position twelve months or longer2,305
Total number of available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position 4,310 
December 31, 2023
Less than 12 months12 months or longerTotal
Fair ValueGross Unrealized
Losses
Fair ValueGross Unrealized
Losses
Fair ValueGross Unrealized
Losses
Available-for-sale securities
Asset-backed securities$1,707 $(56)$5,835 $(404)$7,542 $(460)
Commercial mortgage-backed securities819 (53)1,922 (235)2,741 (288)
Corporates2,387 (134)10,739 (2,283)13,126 (2,417)
Hybrids60 (2)483 (51)543 (53)
Municipals399 (49)920 (179)1,319 (228)
Residential mortgage-backed securities336 (5)662 (89)998 (94)
U.S. Government84 — 159 (9)243 (9)
Foreign Government49 (3)188 (41)237 (44)
Total available-for-sale securities$5,841 $(302)$20,908 $(3,291)$26,749 $(3,593)
Total number of available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position less than twelve months1,035
Total number of available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position twelve months or longer2,846
Total number of available-for-sale securities in an unrealized loss position 3,881 
Schedule of Distribution of CMLs, Gross Valuation by Property Type and Geographic Region The distribution of CMLs, gross of valuation allowances, by property type and geographic region is reflected in the following tables:
December 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Gross Carrying Value% of TotalGross Carrying Value% of Total
Property Type:(Dollars in millions)
Hotel$17 %$18 %
Industrial657 24 616 24 
Mixed Use11 — 11 — 
Multifamily1,006 37 1,012 40 
Office349 13 316 13 
Retail98 102 
Student Housing83 83 
Other501 18 392 15 
Total commercial mortgage loans, gross of valuation allowance $2,722 100 %$2,550 100 %
Allowance for expected credit loss(17)(12)
Total commercial mortgage loans, net of valuation allowance$2,705 $2,538 
U.S. Region:
East North Central$98 %$151 %
East South Central75 75 
Middle Atlantic354 13 354 14 
Mountain409 15 352 14 
New England164 168 
Pacific706 26 766 30 
South Atlantic683 25 563 22 
West North Central62 — 
West South Central171 117 
Total commercial mortgage loans, gross of valuation allowance $2,722 100 %$2,550 100 %
Allowance for expected credit loss(17)(12)
Total commercial mortgage loans, net of valuation allowance$2,705 $2,538 
Loans Segregated by Risk Rating Exposure
CMLs segregated by aging of the loans and charge offs (by year of origination) were as follows for the year ended December 31, 2024:
December 31, 2024
Amortized Cost by Origination Year
20242023202220212020PriorTotal
(In millions)
Current (less than 30 days past due)$273 $227 $290 $1,253 $469 $201 $2,713 
30-89 days past due— — — — — — — 
90 days or more past due— — — — — 
Total commercial mortgage loans$273 $227 $290 $1,253 $469 $210 $2,722 
Charge offs$— $— $— $— $— $— $— 
CMLs segregated by aging of loans (by year of origination) were as follows for the year ended December 31, 2023:
December 31, 2023
Amortized Cost by Origination Year
20232022202120202019PriorTotal
(In millions)
Current (less than 30 days past due)$213 $288 $1,256 $512 $— $259 $2,528 
30-89 days past due— — — — — — — 
90 days or more past due— — — — — — — 
Total commercial mortgage loans(a)$213 $288 $1,256 $512 $— $259 $2,528 
Charge offs$— $— $— $— $— $$
(a) Excludes loans under development with an amortized cost and estimated fair value of $22 million at December 31, 2023.
. RMLs segregated by aging of the loans (by year of origination) as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 were as follows, gross of valuation allowances:
December 31, 2024
Amortized Cost by Origination Year
20242023202220212020PriorTotal
Residential mortgages(In millions)
Current (less than 30 days past due)$610 $368 $911 $805 $162 $312 $3,168 
30-89 days past due21 
90 days or more past due13 29 13 25 85 
Total residential mortgages$614 $376 $928 $840 $176 $340 $3,274 
December 31, 2023
Amortized Cost by Origination Year
20232022202120202019PriorTotal
Residential mortgages(In millions)
Current (less than 30 days past due)$373 $985 $854 $192 $183 $192 $2,779 
30-89 days past due— — 16 
90 days or more past due— 16 13 21 57 
Total residential mortgages$373 $995 $877 $208 $204 $195 $2,852 
Schedule of Investment in Mortgage Loans by Loan to Value and Debt Service Coverage Ratios
The following tables present the recorded investment in CMLs by LTV and DSC ratio categories and estimated fair value by the indicated loan-to-value ratios, gross of valuation allowances:
Debt-Service Coverage RatiosTotal Amount% of TotalEstimated Fair Value% of Total
>1.251.00 - 1.25<1.00
December 31, 2024(Dollars in millions)
LTV Ratios:
Less than 50.00%$490 $34 $— $524 19 %$501 21 %
50.00% to 59.99%803 112 12 927 34 826 34 
60.00% to 74.99%1,238 16 — 1,254 46 1,060 44 
75.00% to 84.99%17 17 
Total Commercial mortgage loans $2,535 $166 $21 $2,722 100 %$2,404 100 %
December 31, 2023
LTV Ratios:
Less than 50.00%$519 $$10 $533 21 %$510 23 %
50.00% to 59.99%764 — — 764 30 679 30 
60.00% to 74.99%1,160 56 — 1,216 48 1,028 46 
75.00% to 84.99%— 15 14 
Total Commercial mortgage loans (a)$2,443 $66 $19 $2,528 100 %$2,231 100 %
(a) Excludes loans under development with an amortized cost and estimated fair value of $22 million at December 31, 2023.
December 31, 2024
Amortized Cost by Origination Year
20242023202220212020PriorTotal
LTV Ratios:(In millions)
Less than 50.00%$66 $99 $19 $74 $189 $77 $524 
50.00% to 59.99%112 53 149 321 159 133 927 
60.00% to 74.99%91 71 113 858 121 — 1,254 
75.00% to 84.99%— — — 17 
Total commercial mortgage loans$273 $227 $290 $1,253 $469 $210 2,722 
DSCR
Greater than 1.25x$140 $215 $278 $1,241 $469 $192 $2,535 
1.00x - 1.25x133 12 — — 18 166 
Less than 1.00x— — 12 — — 21 
Total commercial mortgage loans$273 $227 $290 $1,253 $469 $210 $2,722 
December 31, 2023
Amortized Cost by Origination Year
20232022202120202019PriorTotal
LTV Ratios:(In millions)
Less than 50.00%$85 $17 $77 $232 $— $122 $533 
50.00% to 59.99%53 149 267 158 — 137 764 
60.00% to 74.99%69 113 912 122 — — 1,216 
75.00% to 84.99%— — — — 15 
Total commercial mortgage loans (a)$213 $288 $1,256 $512 $— $259 $2,528 
DSCR
Greater than 1.25x$154 $276 $1,256 $512 $— $245 $2,443 
1.00x - 1.25x59 — — — 66 
Less than 1.00x— — — — 10 19 
Total commercial mortgage loans (a)$213 $288 $1,256 $512 $— $259 $2,528 
(a) Excludes loans under development with an amortized cost and estimated fair value of $22 million at December 31, 2023.
Schedule of Residential Mortgage Loans by State The distribution of RMLs by state with highest-to-lowest concentration are reflected in the following tables, gross of valuation allowances:
December 31, 2024
U.S. States:Amortized Cost (In millions)% of Total
Florida$164 %
All Other States (1)3,110 95 
Total residential mortgage loans, gross of valuation allowance $3,274 100 %
Allowance for expected credit loss(53)
Total residential mortgage loans, net of valuation allowance$3,221 
(1) The individual concentration of each state is less than 5% as of December 31, 2024.
December 31, 2023
U.S. States:Amortized Cost (In millions)% of Total
Florida$163 %
New York129 
Texas129 
All other states (1)2,431 84 
Total residential mortgage loans, gross of valuation allowance$2,852 100 %
Allowance for expected credit loss(54)
Total residential mortgage loans, net of valuation allowance$2,798 
(1) The individual concentration of each state is less than 5% as of December 31, 2023.
Schedule of Loans with Credit Quality Indicators, Performing or Nonperforming The credit quality of RMLs was as follows:
December 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Performance indicators:Amortized Cost% of TotalAmortized Cost% of Total
(Dollars in millions)
Performing$3,188 97 %$2,795 98 %
Non-performing86 57 
Total residential mortgage loans, gross of valuation allowance$3,274 100 %$2,852 100 %
Allowance for expected loan loss(53)— (54)— 
Total residential mortgage loans, net of valuation allowance$3,221 100 %$2,798 100 %
Schedule of Nonaccrual Loans by Amortized Cost
Non-accrual loans by amortized cost as of December 31, 2024 and 2023 were as follows:
Amortized cost of loans on non-accrualDecember 31, 2024December 31, 2023
(In millions)
Residential mortgage$85 $57 
Commercial mortgage— 
Total non-accrual mortgages$94 $57 
Changes in Allowance for Expected Credit Losses on Loans
The allowances for our mortgage loan portfolio are summarized as follows (in millions):
Year ended December 31, 2024Year ended December 31, 2023
Residential MortgageCommercial MortgageTotalResidential MortgageCommercial MortgageTotal
Beginning Balance$(54)$(12)$(66)$(32)$(10)$(42)
Provision (expense) benefit for loan losses(5)(4)(22)(5)(27)
Loans charged-off— — — — 
Ending Balance$(53)$(17)$(70)$(54)$(12)$(66)
Schedule of Sources of Net Investment Income Reported
The major sources of Interest and investment income reported on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Earnings were as follows:
Year ended
December 31, 2024December 31, 2023December 31, 2022
(In millions)
Fixed maturity securities, available-for-sale$2,261 $1,911 $1,489 
Equity securities33 33 31 
Preferred securities34 52 67 
Mortgage loans273 229 186 
Invested cash and short-term investments238 151 61 
Limited partnerships326 231 110 
Tax deferred property exchange income133 166 103 
Other investments125 91 41 
Gross investment income3,423 2,864 2,088 
Investment expense(299)(257)(197)
Interest and investment income$3,124 $2,607 $1,891 
Recognized Gains and Losses, net
Details underlying Recognized gains and losses, net reported on the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Earnings were as follows:
Year ended
December 31, 2024December 31, 2023December 31, 2022
(In millions)
Net realized (losses) gains on fixed maturity available-for-sale securities$(9)$(155)$(253)
Net realized/unrealized gains (losses) on equity securities (1)23 (386)
Net realized/unrealized gains (losses) on preferred securities (2)12 (1)(230)
Realized gains (losses) on other invested assets61 (25)(68)
Change in allowance for expected credit losses(33)(36)(41)
Derivatives and embedded derivatives:
Realized gains (losses) on certain derivative instruments254 (211)(164)
Unrealized (losses) gains on certain derivative instruments(184)358 (693)
Change in fair value of reinsurance related embedded derivatives(32)(128)352 
Change in fair value of other derivatives and embedded derivatives12 11 (10)
Realized gains (losses) on derivatives and embedded derivatives50 30 (515)
Recognized gains and losses, net$83 $(164)$(1,493)
(1) Includes net valuation (losses) gains of $(131) million, $47 million and $(387) million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, respectively.
(2) Includes net valuation gains (losses) of $13 million, $80 million, and $(198) million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Proceeds from Sale of Fixed Maturity Available-for-sale Securities
The proceeds from the sale of fixed-maturity securities and the gross gains and losses associated with those transactions were as follows:
Year ended
December 31, 2024December 31, 2023December 31, 2022
(In millions)
Proceeds$4,414 $2,698 $3,264 
Gross gains45 18 14 
Gross losses(80)(145)(252)
Schedule of Carrying Value and Maximum Loss Exposure, Unconsolidated VIEs
The following table summarizes the carrying value and the maximum loss exposure of our unconsolidated VIEs:
December 31, 2024December 31, 2023
Carrying ValueMaximum Loss ExposureCarrying ValueMaximum Loss Exposure
(In millions)
Investment in unconsolidated affiliates $3,565 $4,703 $3,071 $4,806 
Fixed maturity securities23,242 24,242 20,837 22,346 
Total unconsolidated VIE investments$26,807 $28,945 $23,908 $27,152