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Basis of Financial Statements | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2025
Organization, Consolidation and Presentation of Financial Statements [Abstract] |
Basis of Financial Statements | Basis of Financial Statements The financial information in this report presented for interim periods is unaudited and includes the accounts of Fidelity National Financial, Inc. and its subsidiaries (collectively, “we,” “us,” “our,” the "Company" or “FNF”) prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") and the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. In the opinion of management, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. All adjustments made were of a normal, recurring nature. This report should be read in conjunction with our Annual Report on Form 10-K (our "Annual Report") for the year ended December 31, 2024. Description of the Business We are a leading provider of (i) title insurance, escrow and other title-related services, including loan sub-servicing, valuations, default services, and home warranty, (ii) transaction services to the real estate and mortgage industries, and (iii) annuity and life insurance products. FNF is one of the nation’s largest title insurance companies operating through its title insurance underwriters - Fidelity National Title Insurance Company ("FNTIC"), Chicago Title Insurance Company ("Chicago Title"), Commonwealth Land Title Insurance Company ("Commonwealth Title"), Alamo Title Insurance and National Title Insurance of New York Inc. - which collectively issue more title insurance policies than any other title company in the United States. Through our subsidiary, ServiceLink Holdings, LLC ("ServiceLink"), we provide mortgage transaction services, including title-related services and facilitation of production and management of mortgage loans. We are also a leading provider of insurance solutions serving retail annuity and life customers and institutional clients through our majority-owned subsidiary, F&G Annuities & Life ("F&G"). For information about our reportable segments refe r to Note H Segment Information. Recent Developments F&G Special Stock Distribution On November 6, 2025, our Board of Directors approved a special stock distribution (the "Distribution") to FNF's shareholders of approximately 16 million shares of common stock of F&G owned by FNF, representing approximately 12% of the outstanding shares of F&G's common stock. The Distribution by FNF of the special stock distribution will be made on December 31, 2025 (the "Distribution Date") to all of FNF's shareholders of record as of 4:30 p.m. ET on December 17, 2025 (the "Record Date"). The Distribution will consist of a pro rata common stock distribution to each of FNF's shareholders on the Record Date. As of November 5, 2025, FNF had approximately 271 million shares of its common stock, par value $0.001 per share, outstanding. Based on such number, FNF estimates that FNF's shareholders will receive approximately six shares of F&G's common stock for every 100 shares of FNF's common stock held as of the close of business on the Record Date. The final distribution ratio will be determined based on the number of shares of FNF's common stock outstanding on the Record Date. No fractional shares of F&G's common stock will be distributed. Instead, FNF's shareholders will receive cash in lieu of any fraction of a share of F&G's common stock that they otherwise would have received. The Distribution is intended to be structured as a taxable dividend to FNF shareholders for U.S. federal income tax purposes. We are in the process of evaluating potential financial impacts, including potential changes associated with our income tax planning strategies and disclosures. F&G Common Stock Issuance On March 24, 2025, F&G completed a public offering of 8,000,000 shares of F&G common stock, par value $0.001 per share. In connection with the offering, F&G entered into an underwriting agreement, pursuant to which they granted the underwriters of the offering a 30-day option to purchase up to an additional 1,200,000 shares of common stock. Pursuant to the underwriting agreement, the underwriters agreed to resell to FNF 4,500,000 shares of F&G common stock at the same price per share paid by the underwriters, which was $33.60 per share. The underwriters option expired unexercised. F&G is using the net proceeds from the offering for general corporate purposes, including the support of organic growth opportunities. Redemption of 5.50% F&G Senior Notes On February 1, 2025, F&G redeemed the outstanding $300 million aggregate principal amount of its 5.50% Senior Notes due May 1, 2025 (the "5.50% F&G Senior Notes"). The notes were redeemed for a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. For further information, refer to Note N Notes Payable. 7.30% F&G Junior Notes On January 13, 2025, F&G completed its public offering of its 7.30% Junior Subordinated Notes due 2065 with an aggregate principal amount of $375 million (the "7.30% F&G Notes"). F&G is using the net proceeds of this offering for general corporate purposes, including the repurchase, redemption, or repayment at maturity of outstanding indebtedness. For further information, refer to Note N Notes Payable. Income Tax Income tax expense was $90 million and $44 million in the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $217 million and $223 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. Income tax expense as a percentage of earnings before income taxes was 20% and 14% in the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and 23% and 20% in the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The increases in income tax expense as a percentage of earnings before taxes in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 as compared to the corresponding periods in 2024 are primarily attributable to less valuation allowance being released in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 as compared to the corresponding periods in 2024. Earnings Per Share Basic earnings per share, as presented on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statement of Earnings, is computed by dividing net earnings available to common shareholders in a given period by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during such period. In periods when earnings are positive, diluted earnings per share is calculated by dividing net earnings available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding plus assumed conversions of potentially dilutive securities. For periods when we recognize a net loss, diluted loss per share is equal to basic loss per share as the impact of assumed conversions of potentially dilutive securities is considered to be antidilutive. We have granted certain stock options and shares of restricted stock, which have been treated as common share equivalents for purposes of calculating diluted earnings per share for periods in which positive earnings have been reported. Options or other instruments, which provide the ability to purchase shares of our common stock that are antidilutive, are excluded from the computation of diluted earnings per share. There were no antidilutive instruments outstanding during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024. Unconsolidated Owned Distribution Investments We paid commissions on sales through our unconsolidated owned distribution investments and their affiliates of approximately $12 million and $16 million for the three months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively, and $44 million and $110 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively. The acquisition expense is deferred and amortized in Depreciation and amortization in the accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings. Recent Accounting Pronouncements Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures. The amendments in this update enhance the transparency of the income tax disclosures by expanding on the disclosures required annually. The amendments require entities to disclose in their rate reconciliation table additional categories of information about federal, state, and foreign income taxes, in addition to providing details about the reconciling items in some categories if above a quantitative threshold. Additionally, the amendments require annual disclosure of income taxes paid (net of refunds received) disaggregated by jurisdiction based on a quantitative threshold. The Company plans to implement this update using the prospective method by enhancing our footnote disclosures as required by the update. The amendments in this update are effective for public business entities for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses. The amendments in this update enhance transparency of certain expense captions by disclosing more granular information of specific expenses within those captions such as personnel costs, depreciation, and amortization. The amendments also require disclosure of qualitative description of amounts remaining in relevant expense captions that are not separately disaggregated. The amendments in this update are effective for all public companies for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted, and the amendments should be applied either prospectively to financial statements issued for reporting periods after the effective date or retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. We do not expect to early adopt this standard and are in the process of assessing its impact on our disclosures upon adoption. In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-06, Intangibles—Goodwill and Other—Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software. The amendments in this update refine capitalization thresholds by removing all references to project stages. The amendments require that an entity capitalize software costs when management has authorized and committed to funding the software project and when it is probable that the project will be completed and the software will be used to perform the function intended (“probable-to-complete recognition threshold”). Additionally, the amendments clarify the disclosure requirements for internal-use software costs. The amendments in this update are effective for all companies for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted, and the amendments should be applied using a prospective, retrospective, or modified transition approach. We are still in the process of assessing this standard and its impact upon adoption. Summary of Updated Significant Accounting Policies Since our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024, we have updated the following significant accounting policies for Derivative Financial Instruments and Funds Withheld Arrangements, which have been followed in preparing the accompanying unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, primarily as a result of executing certain derivative transactions. Derivative Financial Instruments Freestanding Derivatives We economically hedge certain portions of our exposure to product related equity market risk by entering into derivative transactions (primarily equity options). We also utilize certain interest rate swaps to reduce market risks from interest rate changes on our earnings associated with our floating rate investments. All such derivative instruments are recognized as either assets or liabilities in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value. The changes in fair value of derivatives not designated to hedge relationships are reported within Recognized gains and losses, net in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings. The change in the fair value of these derivative instruments is included in operating activities in the unaudited Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows. Hedge Accounting We designate certain derivatives to fair value or cash flow hedge relationships that hedge exposures to interest rates, foreign currency, or both, associated with changes in the fair value of a recognized asset or liability (“fair value hedge”) or a forecasted transaction or variability of cash flows to be received or paid related to a recognized asset or liability (“cash flow hedge”). When a derivative is designated as a fair value hedge and is determined to be highly effective, changes in the fair value of the derivative included in the assessment of effectiveness are reported in the same line on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings that is used to report the earnings effect of the hedged item. When a derivative is designated as a cash flow hedge and is determined to be highly effective, changes in the fair value of the derivative included in the assessment of effectiveness are recorded in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income ("AOCI") until earnings are affected by the variability of cash flows being hedged. At the time the variability of cash flows being hedged impacts net earnings, the related portion of deferred gains or losses on the derivative instrument is reclassified and reported in net earnings in the same line item on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings that is used to report the earnings effect of the hedged item. Any portion of the change in fair value of a derivative designated to a fair value or cash flow hedge relationship that is excluded from the assessment of effectiveness will be recorded in AOCI and amortized into earnings over the life of the remaining term of the hedge relationship. To qualify for hedge accounting, at hedge inception we formally document our risk management objective and strategy for entering into hedging relationships, as well as the designation of the hedge. In our hedge documentation, we explain how the hedging instrument is expected to hedge the designated risks related to the hedged item and the method that will used to test for hedge effectiveness on both a prospective and retrospective basis. A derivative designated as a hedging instrument must be assessed as being highly effective in offsetting the designated risk of the hedged item. Effectiveness of the hedge is formally assessed at inception and at least quarterly throughout the life of the hedging relationship. We prospectively discontinue hedge accounting when (1) the criteria to qualify for hedge accounting is no longer met; (2) the derivative expires, is sold, terminated or is exercised; or (3) we de-designate the derivative from being the hedging instrument for a fair value or cash flow hedge. If a fair value or cash flow hedge is discontinued, the derivative will continue to be carried at fair value on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, with changes in fair value recognized prospectively in Recognized gains and losses in the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings. For discontinued fair value hedges, the hedged item will no longer be adjusted for changes in the hedged risk and any existing basis adjustment will be amortized into the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings within the same line item that is used to report other earnings effects of the hedged item. Any amounts remaining in AOCI associated with a component of the change in derivative fair value excluded from the assessment of effectiveness will be amortized into earnings in a manner consistent with how any basis adjustment associated with the hedged item would be amortized. The component of AOCI related to discontinued cash flow hedges where it is probable the hedged forecasted transaction will not occur, will be immediately reclassified from AOCI into earnings. In all other cases any amounts remaining in AOCI will be amortized into earnings consistent with the earnings impacts expected from the original hedged cash flows. Embedded Derivatives We purchase financial instruments that may contain embedded derivative instruments. If it is determined that the embedded derivative possesses economic characteristics that are not clearly and closely related to the economic characteristics of the host contract, and a separate instrument with the same terms would qualify as a derivative instrument, the embedded derivative is bifurcated from the host contract for measurement purposes. For further information, refer to Note E Derivatives. Funds Withheld Arrangements F&G cedes certain business on a coinsurance funds withheld basis. Assets supporting the arrangements are reported within Funds withheld for reinsurance liabilities on our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. All assets within Funds withheld for reinsurance liabilities are recorded in a manner consistent with each respective item of our accounting policies discussed in Note A Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024. Investment results for the assets that support the coinsurance are segregated within the funds withheld account and are passed directly to the reinsurer pursuant to the contractual terms of the reinsurance agreement, which creates embedded derivatives considered to be total return swaps. These embedded derivatives are not clearly and closely related to the underlying reinsurance agreement and thus require bifurcation. The fair value of the total return swaps is based on the change in fair value of the underlying assets held in the funds withheld account. Beginning in the first quarter of 2025, these embedded derivatives are reported in Funds withheld for reinsurance liabilities, irrespective if in a net asset position or a net liability position, on the unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and prior periods have been reclassified from Prepaid expenses and other assets to conform with the current presentation. The related gains or losses are reported in Recognized gains and losses, net, on our unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings. Refer to Note C Fair Value of Financial Instruments for descriptions of the fair value methodologies used for these and other derivative financial instruments and Note E Derivatives, for additional information on these and other derivatives.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for the organization, consolidation and basis of presentation of financial statements disclosure, and significant accounting policies of the reporting entity. May be provided in more than one note to the financial statements, as long as users are provided with an understanding of (1) the significant judgments and assumptions made by an enterprise in determining whether it must consolidate a VIE and/or disclose information about its involvement with a VIE, (2) the nature of restrictions on a consolidated VIE's assets reported by an enterprise in its statement of financial position, including the carrying amounts of such assets, (3) the nature of, and changes in, the risks associated with an enterprise's involvement with the VIE, and (4) how an enterprise's involvement with the VIE affects the enterprise's financial position, financial performance, and cash flows. Describes procedure if disclosures are provided in more than one note to the financial statements. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Topic 235 -SubTopic 10 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147483426/235-10-50-1 Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Topic 810 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/810/tableOfContent Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Topic 205 -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Publisher FASB -URI https://asc.fasb.org/205/tableOfContent + Details
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