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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss (Notes) | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2022
Equity [Abstract] |
Stockholders' Equity Note Disclosure [Text Block] | STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY Treasury Stock Dow Inc. On April 1, 2019, the Dow Inc. Board ratified the share repurchase program originally approved on March 15, 2019, authorizing up to $3 billion for the repurchase of the Company's common stock, with no expiration date. The Company completed the April 1, 2019 share repurchase program in the second quarter of 2022. On April 13, 2022, the Dow Inc. Board approved a new share repurchase program authorizing up to $3 billion for the repurchase of the Company's common stock, with no expiration date. The Company repurchased $800 million of its common stock in the third quarter of 2022 ($2,200 million in the first nine months of 2022). At September 30, 2022, approximately $2,175 million of the new share repurchase program authorization remained available for repurchases. The Company began issuing treasury shares to satisfy its obligation to make matching contributions to plan participants under The Dow Employees’ Savings Plan in the first quarter of 2022. The Company may satisfy these obligations using shares of Dow Inc. treasury stock or by issuing new shares of common stock. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss The changes in each component of accumulated other comprehensive loss ("AOCL") for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 and 2021 were as follows:
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | Three Months Ended | Nine Months Ended
In millions | Sep 30, 2022 | Sep 30, 2021 | Sep 30, 2022 | Sep 30, 2021
Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Investments |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | $ | (190) |  | $ | 72 |  | $ | 59 |  | $ | 104 |
Unrealized gains (losses) on investments | (61) |  | (10) |  | (385) |  | (25) |
Tax (expense) benefit | (55) |  | 3 |  | 12 |  | 5 |
Net unrealized gains (losses) on investments | (116) |  | (7) |  | (373) |  | (20) |
(Gains) losses reclassified from AOCL to net income 1 | (8) |  | (8) |  | 2 |  | (33) |
Tax expense (benefit) 2 | 2 |  | 2 |  | — |  | 8 |
Net (gains) losses reclassified from AOCL to net income | (6) |  | (6) |  | 2 |  | (25) |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | (122) |  | (13) |  | (371) |  | (45) |
Ending balance | $ | (312) |  | $ | 59 |  | $ | (312) |  | $ | 59 |
Cumulative Translation Adjustment |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | $ | (2,033) |  | $ | (1,118) |  | $ | (1,355) |  | $ | (930) |
Gains (losses) on foreign currency translation | (369) |  | (148) |  | (1,034) |  | (298) |
Tax (expense) benefit | (17) |  | (8) |  | (7) |  | (43) |
Net gains (losses) on foreign currency translation | (386) |  | (156) |  | (1,041) |  | (341) |
(Gains) losses reclassified from AOCL to net income 3 | (17) |  | (1) |  | (40) |  | (4) |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | (403) |  | (157) |  | (1,081) |  | (345) |
Ending balance | $ | (2,436) |  | $ | (1,275) |  | $ | (2,436) |  | $ | (1,275) |
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | $ | (7,103) |  | $ | (8,276) |  | $ | (7,334) |  | $ | (9,559) |
Gains (losses) arising during the period 4 | 6 |  | 2 |  | 11 |  | 1,270 |
Tax (expense) benefit | — |  | — |  | — |  | (298) |
Net gains (losses) arising during the period | 6 |  | 2 |  | 11 |  | 972 |
Amortization of net loss and prior service credits reclassified from AOCL to net income 5 | 155 |  | 191 |  | 468 |  | 583 |
Tax expense (benefit) 2 | (36) |  | (44) |  | (123) |  | (123) |
Net loss and prior service credits reclassified from AOCL to net income | 119 |  | 147 |  | 345 |  | 460 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | 125 |  | 149 |  | 356 |  | 1,432 |
Ending balance | $ | (6,978) |  | $ | (8,127) |  | $ | (6,978) |  | $ | (8,127) |
Derivative Instruments |  |  |  |
Beginning balance | $ | 122 |  | $ | (354) |  | $ | (347) |  | $ | (470) |
Gains (losses) on derivative instruments | 122 |  | 55 |  | 802 |  | 167 |
Tax (expense) benefit | (31) |  | (9) |  | (114) |  | (10) |
Net gains (losses) on derivative instruments | 91 |  | 46 |  | 688 |  | 157 |
(Gains) losses reclassified from AOCL to net income 6 | (80) |  | (16) |  | (222) |  | (10) |
Tax expense (benefit) 2 | 11 |  | 2 |  | 25 |  | 1 |
Net (gains) losses reclassified from AOCL to net income | (69) |  | (14) |  | (197) |  | (9) |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax | 22 |  | 32 |  | 491 |  | 148 |
Ending balance | $ | 144 |  | $ | (322) |  | $ | 144 |  | $ | (322) |
Total AOCL ending balance | $ | (9,582) |  | $ | (9,665) |  | $ | (9,582) |  | $ | (9,665) |
1.Reclassified to "Net sales" and "Sundry income (expense) - net." 2.Reclassified to "Provision for income taxes." 3.Reclassified to "Sundry income (expense) - net." 4.The 2021 impact relates to an interim remeasurement of U.S. pension plans due to the announced freeze of plan benefits in the first quarter of 2021. 5.These AOCL components are included in the computation of net periodic benefit cost of the Company's defined benefit pension and other postretirement benefit plans. See Note 17 for additional information. 6.Reclassified to "Cost of sales," "Sundry income (expense) - net" and "Interest expense and amortization of debt discount."

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