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Table of Contents
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM
10-Q

☒ | Quarterly Report Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the Quarterly Period Ended September 30, 2023
or

☐ | Transition Report Pursuant To Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the Transition Period From
to
Commission file number
1-5581
WATSCO, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

FLORIDA |  | 59-0778222
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

2665 South Bayshore Drive, Suite 901
Miami, FL 33133
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)
(305)
714-4100
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the
Act:

Title of each class |  | Trading Symbol(s) |  | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, $0.50 par value |  | WSO |  | New York Stock Exchange
Class B common stock, $0.50 par value |  | WSOB |  | New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90
days.
Yes
☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation
S-T
(§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit
such files).
Yes
☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a
non-accelerated
filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule
12b-2
of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer |  | ☒ |  | Accelerated filer |  | ☐
Non-accelerated filer |  | ☐ |  | Smaller reporting company |  | ☐
|  |  |  | Emerging growth company |  | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule
12b-2
of the Exchange Act).
Yes ☐ No☒
The registrant’s common stock outstanding as of October 30, 2023 comprised (i) 33,866,284 shares of Common stock, $0.50 par value per share, excluding 4,778,988 treasury shares and (ii) 5,527,941 shares of Class B common stock, $0.50 par value per share, excluding 48,263 treasury shares.

Table of Contents
WATSCO, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM
10-Q

|  | Page No. |
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION |  |  |  |
Item 1. |  | Condensed Consolidated Unaudited Financial Statements |  |  |  |
|  | Condensed Consolidated Unaudited Statements of Income – Quarters and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 |  |  | 3 |
|  | Condensed Consolidated Unaudited Statements of Comprehensive Income – Quarters and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 |  |  | 4 |
|  | Condensed Consolidated Unaudited Balance Sheets – September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022 |  |  | 5 |
|  | Condensed Consolidated Unaudited Statements of Shareholders’ Equity – Quarters and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 |  |  | 6 |
|  | Condensed Consolidated Unaudited Statements of Cash Flows – Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 |  |  | 8 |
|  | Notes to Condensed Consolidated Unaudited Financial Statements |  |  | 9 |
Item 2. |  | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations |  |  | 16 |
Item 3. |  | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk |  |  | 25 |
Item 4. |  | Controls and Procedures |  |  | 25 |
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION |  |  |  |
Item 1. |  | Legal Proceedings |  |  | 26 |
Item 1A. |  | Risk Factors |  |  | 26 |
Item 2. |  | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds |  |  | 26 |
Item 5. |  | Other Information |  |  | 26 |
Item 6. |  | Exhibits |  |  | 27 |
SIGNATURE |  |  | 28 |
EXHIBITS |  |  |  |

2 of 28

Table of Contents
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED UNAUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
WATSCO, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED UNAUDITED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(In thousands, except per share data)

|  | Quarter Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Revenues |  | $ | 2,126,845 |  |  | $ | 2,035,796 |  |  | $ | 5,680,570 |  |  | $ | 5,693,121 |
Cost of sales |  |  | 1,559,900 |  |  |  | 1,484,948 |  |  |  | 4,102,846 |  |  |  | 4,096,382 |
Gross profit |  |  | 566,945 |  |  |  | 550,848 |  |  |  | 1,577,724 |  |  |  | 1,596,739 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses |  |  | 319,834 |  |  |  | 321,522 |  |  |  | 911,046 |  |  |  | 919,629 |
Other income |  |  | 9,506 |  |  |  | 6,927 |  |  |  | 20,384 |  |  |  | 17,289 |
Operating income |  |  | 256,617 |  |  |  | 236,253 |  |  |  | 687,062 |  |  |  | 694,399 |
Interest expense, net |  |  | 1,890 |  |  |  | 483 |  |  |  | 5,920 |  |  |  | 2,151 |
Income before income taxes |  |  | 254,727 |  |  |  | 235,770 |  |  |  | 681,142 |  |  |  | 692,248 |
Income taxes |  |  | 54,103 |  |  |  | 49,600 |  |  |  | 144,744 |  |  |  | 145,682 |
Net income |  |  | 200,624 |  |  |  | 186,170 |  |  |  | 536,398 |  |  |  | 546,566 |
Less: net income attributable to non-controlling interest |  |  | 29,671 |  |  |  | 28,529 |  |  |  | 82,608 |  |  |  | 83,070 |
Net income attributable to Watsco, Inc. |  | $ | 170,953 |  |  | $ | 157,641 |  |  | $ | 453,790 |  |  | $ | 463,496 |
Earnings per share for Common and Class B common stock: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | 4.36 |  |  | $ | 4.04 |  |  | $ | 11.64 |  |  | $ | 11.90 |
Diluted |  | $ | 4.35 |  |  | $ | 4.03 |  |  | $ | 11.60 |  |  | $ | 11.86 |

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated unaudited financial statements.
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WATSCO, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED UNAUDITED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(In thousands)

|  | Quarter Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Net income |  | $ | 200,624 |  |  | $ | 186,170 |  |  | $ | 536,398 |  |  | $ | 546,566 |
Other comprehensive (loss) income, net of tax Foreign currency translation adjustment |  |  | (6,966 | ) |  |  | (19,091 | ) |  |  | 409 |  |  |  | (24,091 | )
Other comprehensive (loss) income |  |  | (6,966 | ) |  |  | (19,091 | ) |  |  | 409 |  |  |  | (24,091 | )
Comprehensive income |  |  | 193,658 |  |  |  | 167,079 |  |  |  | 536,807 |  |  |  | 522,475 |
Less: comprehensive income attributable to non-controlling interest |  |  | 27,350 |  |  |  | 22,040 |  |  |  | 82,712 |  |  |  | 74,911 |
Comprehensive income attributable to Watsco, Inc. |  | $ | 166,308 |  |  | $ | 145,039 |  |  | $ | 454,095 |  |  | $ | 447,564 |

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated unaudited financial statements.
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WATSCO, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED UNAUDITED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands, except per share data)

|  | September 30, 2023 |  |  | December 31, 2022 |
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 175,022 |  |  | $ | 147,505 |
Accounts receivable, net |  |  | 949,317 |  |  |  | 747,110 |
Inventories, net |  |  | 1,549,740 |  |  |  | 1,370,173 |
Other current assets |  |  | 56,493 |  |  |  | 33,951 |
Total current assets |  |  | 2,730,572 |  |  |  | 2,298,739 |
Property and equipment, net |  |  | 134,076 |  |  |  | 125,424 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets |  |  | 362,901 |  |  |  | 317,314 |
Goodwill |  |  | 491,522 |  |  |  | 430,711 |
Intangible assets, net |  |  | 172,473 |  |  |  | 175,191 |
Investment in unconsolidated entity |  |  | 137,596 |  |  |  | 132,802 |
Other assets |  |  | 9,927 |  |  |  | 8,033 |
|  | $ | 4,039,067 |  |  | $ | 3,488,214 |
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Current portion of lease liabilities |  | $ | 98,507 |  |  | $ | 90,597 |
Borrowings under revolving credit agreement |  |  | — |  |  |  | 56,400 |
Accounts payable |  |  | 509,308 |  |  |  | 456,128 |
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities |  |  | 279,813 |  |  |  | 303,397 |
Total current liabilities |  |  | 887,628 |  |  |  | 906,522 |
Long-term obligations: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Borrowings under revolving credit agreement |  |  | 105,600 |  |  |  | — |
Operating lease liabilities, net of current portion |  |  | 272,154 |  |  |  | 232,144 |
Finance lease liabilities, net of current portion |  |  | 12,585 |  |  |  | 11,388 |
Total long-term obligations |  |  | 390,339 |  |  |  | 243,532 |
Deferred income taxes and other liabilities |  |  | 95,338 |  |  |  | 89,882 |
Commitments and contingencies |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Watsco, Inc. shareholders’ equity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common stock, $0.50 par value |  |  | 19,323 |  |  |  | 19,054 |
Class B common stock, $0.50 par value |  |  | 2,788 |  |  |  | 2,757 |
Preferred stock, $0.50 par value |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Paid-in capital |  |  | 1,138,749 |  |  |  | 973,060 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax |  |  | (47,405 | ) |  |  | (47,710 | )
Retained earnings |  |  | 1,197,184 |  |  |  | 1,029,516 |
Treasury stock, at cost |  |  | (86,630 | ) |  |  | (87,440 | )
Total Watsco, Inc. shareholders’ equity |  |  | 2,224,009 |  |  |  | 1,889,237 |
Non-controlling interest |  |  | 441,753 |  |  |  | 359,041 |
Total shareholders’ equity |  |  | 2,665,762 |  |  |  | 2,248,278 |
|  | $ | 4,039,067 |  |  | $ | 3,488,214 |

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated unaudited financial statements.
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WATSCO, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED UNAUDITED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(In thousands, except share and per share data) |  | Common Stock, Class B Common Stock and Preferred Stock Shares |  |  | Common Stock, Class B Common Stock and Preferred Stock Amount |  |  | Paid-In Capital |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  |  | Retained Earnings |  |  | Treasury Stock |  |  | Non-controlling Interest |  |  | Total |
Balance at December 31, 2022 |  |  | 38,749,887 |  |  | $ | 21,811 |  |  | $ | 973,060 |  |  | $ | (47,710 | ) |  | $ | 1,029,516 |  |  | $ | (87,440 | ) |  | $ | 359,041 |  |  | $ | 2,248,278 |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 110,073 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 20,298 |  |  |  | 130,371 |
Other comprehensive income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 170 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 90 |  |  |  | 260 |
Issuances of restricted shares of common stock |  |  | 116,510 |  |  |  | 58 |  |  |  | (58 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |
Forfeitures of restricted shares of common stock |  |  | (2,000 | ) |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |
Common stock contribution to 401(k) plan |  |  | 35,533 |  |  |  | 18 |  |  |  | 8,844 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8,862 |
Stock issuances from exercise of stock options and employee stock purchase plan |  |  | 75,186 |  |  |  | 38 |  |  |  | 12,947 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 12,985 |
Issuance of Class B common stock |  |  | 632 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 200 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 200 |
Retirement of common stock |  |  | (21,702 | ) |  |  | (11 | ) |  |  | (6,441 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (6,452 | )
Share-based compensation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8,763 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8,763 |
Cash dividends declared and paid on Common and Class B common stock, $2.45 per share |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (94,970 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (94,970 | )
Balance at March 31, 2023 |  |  | 38,954,046 |  |  |  | 21,913 |  |  |  | 997,316 |  |  |  | (47,540 | ) |  |  | 1,044,619 |  |  |  | (87,440 | ) |  |  | 379,429 |  |  |  | 2,308,297 |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 172,764 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 32,639 |  |  |  | 205,403 |
Other comprehensive income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,780 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,335 |  |  |  | 7,115 |
Issuances of restricted shares of common stock |  |  | 38,000 |  |  |  | 19 |  |  |  | (19 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |
Forfeitures of restricted shares of common stock |  |  | (467 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |
Stock issuances from exercise of stock options and employee stock purchase plan |  |  | 30,794 |  |  |  | 15 |  |  |  | 5,622 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5,637 |
Retirement of common stock |  |  | (1,737 | ) |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | (594 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (595 | )
Share-based compensation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6,828 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6,828 |
Net proceeds from the sale of Common stock |  |  | 45,000 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 13,994 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 810 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 14,804 |
Cash dividends declared and paid on Common and Class B common stock, $2.45 per share |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (95,439 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (95,439 | )
Balance at June 30, 2023 |  |  | 39,065,636 |  |  |  | 21,946 |  |  |  | 1,023,147 |  |  |  | (42,760 | ) |  |  | 1,121,944 |  |  |  | (86,630 | ) |  |  | 414,403 |  |  |  | 2,452,050 |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 170,953 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 29,671 |  |  |  | 200,624 |
Other comprehensive (loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (4,645 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (2,321 | ) |  |  | (6,966 | )
Issuances of restricted shares of common stock |  |  | 13,607 |  |  |  | 7 |  |  |  | (7 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |
Forfeitures of restricted shares of common stock |  |  | (1,000 | ) |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | 1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |
Stock issuances from exercise of stock options and employee stock purchase plan |  |  | 37,399 |  |  |  | 19 |  |  |  | 6,610 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6,629 |
Retirement of common stock |  |  | (1,328 | ) |  |  | — |  |  |  | (467 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (467 | )
Share-based compensation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 7,262 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 7,262 |
Common stock issued for Gateway Supply Company, Inc. |  |  | 280,215 |  |  |  | 140 |  |  |  | 102,203 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 102,343 |
Cash dividends declared and paid on Common and Class B common stock, $2.45 per share |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (95,713 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (95,713 | )
Balance at September 30, 2023 |  |  | 39,394,529 |  |  | $ | 22,111 |  |  | $ | 1,138,749 |  |  | $ | (47,405 | ) |  | $ | 1,197,184 |  |  | $ | (86,630 | ) |  | $ | 441,753 |  |  | $ | 2,665,762 |

Continued on next page.
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(In thousands, except share and per share data) |  | Common Stock, Class B Common Stock and Preferred Stock Shares |  |  | Common Stock, Class B Common Stock and Preferred Stock Amount |  |  | Paid-In Capital |  |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss |  |  | Retained Earnings |  |  | Treasury Stock |  |  | Non-controlling Interest |  |  | Total |
Balance at December 31, 2021 |  |  | 38,799,632 |  |  | $ | 21,836 |  |  | $ | 1,003,932 |  |  | $ | (34,176 | ) |  | $ | 760,796 |  |  | $ | (87,440 | ) |  | $ | 332,467 |  |  | $ | 1,997,415 |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 113,298 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 21,592 |  |  |  | 134,890 |
Other comprehensive income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2,935 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,446 |  |  |  | 4,381 |
Issuances of restricted shares of common stock |  |  | 105,882 |  |  |  | 53 |  |  |  | (53 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |
Common stock contribution to 401(k) plan |  |  | 21,532 |  |  |  | 11 |  |  |  | 6,726 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6,737 |
Stock issuances from exercise of stock options and employee stock purchase plan |  |  | 24,850 |  |  |  | 12 |  |  |  | 4,408 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4,420 |
Share-based compensation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8,667 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8,667 |
Cash dividends declared and paid on Common and Class B common stock, $1.95 per share |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (75,795 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (75,795 | )
Balance at March 31, 2022 |  |  | 38,951,896 |  |  |  | 21,912 |  |  |  | 1,023,680 |  |  |  | (31,241 | ) |  |  | 798,299 |  |  |  | (87,440 | ) |  |  | 355,505 |  |  |  | 2,080,715 |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 192,557 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 32,949 |  |  |  | 225,506 |
Other comprehensive (loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (6,265 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (3,116 | ) |  |  | (9,381 | )
Issuances of restricted shares of common stock |  |  | 21,177 |  |  |  | 11 |  |  |  | (11 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |
Forfeitures of restricted shares of common stock |  |  | (10,000 | ) |  |  | (5 | ) |  |  | 5 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |
Common stock contribution to 401(k) plan |  |  | 28 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 9 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 9 |
Stock issuances from exercise of stock options and employee stock purchase plan |  |  | 21,939 |  |  |  | 11 |  |  |  | 3,796 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 3,807 |
Retirement of common stock |  |  | (8,181 | ) |  |  | (4 | ) |  |  | (2,175 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (2,179 | )
Share-based compensation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6,987 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6,987 |
Cash dividends declared and paid on Common and Class B common stock, $2.20 per share |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (85,689 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (85,689 | )
Balance at June 30, 2022 |  |  | 38,976,859 |  |  |  | 21,925 |  |  |  | 1,032,291 |  |  |  | (37,506 | ) |  |  | 905,167 |  |  |  | (87,440 | ) |  |  | 385,338 |  |  |  | 2,219,775 |
Net income |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 157,641 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 28,529 |  |  |  | 186,170 |
Other comprehensive (loss) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (12,602 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (6,489 | ) |  |  | (19,091 | )
Issuances of restricted shares of common stock |  |  | 13,000 |  |  |  | 7 |  |  |  | (7 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |
Stock issuances from exercise of stock options and employee stock purchase plan |  |  | 51,407 |  |  |  | 25 |  |  |  | 8,639 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8,664 |
Retirement of common stock |  |  | (1,932 | ) |  |  | (1 | ) |  |  | (548 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (549 | )
Share-based compensation |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6,942 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6,942 |
Cash dividends declared and paid on Common and Class B common stock, $2.20 per share |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (85,758 | ) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (85,758 | )
Balance at September 30, 2022 |  |  | 39,039,334 |  |  | $ | 21,956 |  |  | $ | 1,047,317 |  |  | $ | (50,108 | ) |  | $ | 977,050 |  |  | $ | (87,440 | ) |  | $ | 407,378 |  |  | $ | 2,316,153 |

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated unaudited financial statements.
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WATSCO, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED UNAUDITED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 536,398 |  |  | $ | 546,566 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 25,406 |  |  |  | 23,440 |
Share-based compensation |  |  | 20,791 |  |  |  | 22,017 |
Non-cash contribution to 401(k) plan |  |  | 8,862 |  |  |  | 6,746 |
Deferred income tax provision |  |  | 5,892 |  |  |  | 6,311 |
Other income from investment in unconsolidated entity |  |  | (20,384 | ) |  |  | (17,289 | )
Other, net |  |  | 2,841 |  |  |  | 5,672 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects of acquisitions: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable, net |  |  | (184,106 | ) |  |  | (170,746 | )
Inventories, net |  |  | (143,746 | ) |  |  | (276,653 | )
Accounts payable and other liabilities |  |  | 17,608 |  |  |  | 212,829 |
Other, net |  |  | (6,222 | ) |  |  | (13 | )
Net cash provided by operating activities |  |  | 263,340 |  |  |  | 358,880 |
Cash flows from investing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Capital expenditures |  |  | (25,500 | ) |  |  | (26,526 | )
Business acquisitions, net of cash acquired |  |  | (3,827 | ) |  |  | (47 | )
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment |  |  | 1,277 |  |  |  | 167 |
Net cash used in investing activities |  |  | (28,050 | ) |  |  | (26,406 | )
Cash flows from financing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net proceeds under current revolving credit agreement |  |  | 105,600 |  |  |  | — |
Net proceeds from issuances of Common stock under employee-related plans |  |  | 20,373 |  |  |  | 16,635 |
Net proceeds from the sale of Common stock |  |  | 15,179 |  |  |  | — |
Payment of fees related to revolving credit agreement |  |  | (837 | ) |  |  | — |
Repurchases of common stock to satisfy employee withholding tax obligations |  |  | (2,639 | ) |  |  | (2,471 | )
Net repayments of finance lease liabilities |  |  | (2,794 | ) |  |  | (2,206 | )
Net repayments under prior revolving credit agreement |  |  | (56,400 | ) |  |  | (80,200 | )
Dividends on Common and Class B common stock |  |  | (286,122 | ) |  |  | (247,242 | )
Net cash used in financing activities |  |  | (207,640 | ) |  |  | (315,484 | )
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents |  |  | (133 | ) |  |  | (5,030 | )
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents |  |  | 27,517 |  |  |  | 11,960 |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |  |  | 147,505 |  |  |  | 118,268 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |  | $ | 175,022 |  |  | $ | 130,228 |
Supplemental cash flow information: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common stock issued for Gateway Supply Company, Inc. |  | $ | 102,343 |  |  |  | — |

See accompanying notes to condensed consolidated unaudited financial statements.
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WATSCO, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED UNAUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2023
(In thousands, except share and per share data)
1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION
Basis of Consolidation
Watsco, Inc. (collectively with its subsidiaries, “Watsco,” the Company”, “we,” “us,” or “our”) was incorporated in Florida in 1956 and is the largest distributor of air conditioning, heating and refrigeration equipment and related parts and supplies (“HVAC/R”) in the HVAC/R distribution industry in North America. The accompanying September 30, 2023 interim condensed consolidated unaudited financial statements have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Certain information and note disclosures normally included in the annual financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) have been condensed or omitted pursuant to those rules and regulations, but we believe the disclosures made are adequate to make the information presented not misleading. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting of normal and recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair presentation have been included in the condensed consolidated unaudited financial statements included herein. These statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in our 2022 Annual Report on Form
10-K.
The condensed consolidated unaudited financial statements include the accounts of Watsco, all of its wholly owned subsidiaries, the accounts of four joint ventures with Carrier Global Corporation, which we refer to as Carrier, in which we have a controlling interest, the accounts of Carrier InterAmerica Corporation, in which we have an 80% controlling interest, and Carrier has a 20%
non-controlling
interest, and our 38.1% investment in Russell Sigler, Inc., which is accounted for under the equity method of accounting. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.
The results of operations for the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the year ending December 31, 2023. Sales of residential central air conditioners, heating equipment, and parts and supplies are seasonal. Furthermore, profitability can be impacted favorably or unfavorably based on weather patterns, particularly during the Summer and Winter selling seasons. Demand related to the residential central air conditioning replacement market is typically highest in the second and third quarters, and demand for heating equipment is usually highest in the first and fourth quarters. Demand related to the new construction sectors throughout most of the markets we serve tends to be fairly evenly distributed throughout the year and depends largely on housing completions and related weather and economic conditions.
Equity Method Investments
Investments in which we have the ability to exercise significant influence, but do not control, are accounted for under the equity method of accounting and are included in investment in unconsolidated entity in our condensed consolidated unaudited balance sheets. Under this method of accounting, our proportionate share of the net income or loss of the investee is included in other income in our condensed consolidated unaudited statements of income. The excess, if any, of the carrying amount of our investment over our ownership percentage in the underlying net assets of the investee is attributed to certain fair value adjustments with the remaining portion recognized as goodwill.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of condensed consolidated unaudited financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated unaudited financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses for the reporting period. Significant estimates include valuation reserves for accounts receivable, net realizable value adjustments to inventories, income taxes, reserves related to loss contingencies and the valuation of goodwill, indefinite-lived intangible assets, and long-lived assets. While we believe that these estimates are reasonable, actual results could differ from such estimates.
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2. REVENUES
Disaggregation of Revenues
The following table presents our revenues disaggregated by primary geographical regions and major product lines within our single reporting segment:

|  | Quarter Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Primary Geographical Regions: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
United States |  | $ | 1,924,556 |  |  | $ | 1,851,071 |  |  | $ | 5,118,591 |  |  | $ | 5,156,846 |
Canada |  |  | 100,030 |  |  |  | 100,567 |  |  |  | 288,653 |  |  |  | 303,149 |
Latin America and the Caribbean |  |  | 102,259 |  |  |  | 84,158 |  |  |  | 273,326 |  |  |  | 233,126 |
|  | $ | 2,126,845 |  |  | $ | 2,035,796 |  |  | $ | 5,680,570 |  |  | $ | 5,693,121 |
Major Product Lines: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
HVAC equipment |  |  | 70 | % |  |  | 69 | % |  |  | 69 | % |  |  | 69 | %
Other HVAC products |  |  | 26 | % |  |  | 27 | % |  |  | 27 | % |  |  | 27 | %
Commercial refrigeration products |  |  | 4 | % |  |  | 4 | % |  |  | 4 | % |  |  | 4 | %
|  |  | 100 | % |  |  | 100 | % |  |  | 100 | % |  |  | 100 | %

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3. EARNINGS PER SHARE
The following table presents the calculation of basic and diluted earnings per share for our Common and Class B common stock:

|  | Quarter Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Basic Earnings per Share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income attributable to Watsco, Inc. shareholders |  | $ | 170,953 |  |  | $ | 157,641 |  |  | $ | 453,790 |  |  | $ | 463,496 |
Less: distributed and undistributed earnings allocated to restricted common stock |  |  | 11,921 |  |  |  | 14,387 |  |  |  | 31,248 |  |  |  | 42,293 |
Earnings allocated to Watsco, Inc. shareholders |  | $ | 159,032 |  |  | $ | 143,254 |  |  | $ | 422,542 |  |  | $ | 421,203 |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding—Basic |  |  | 36,446,825 |  |  |  | 35,450,277 |  |  |  | 36,315,680 |  |  |  | 35,401,179 |
Basic earnings per share for Common and Class B common stock |  | $ | 4.36 |  |  | $ | 4.04 |  |  | $ | 11.64 |  |  | $ | 11.90 |
Allocation of earnings for Basic: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Common stock |  | $ | 144,942 |  |  | $ | 132,846 |  |  | $ | 384,970 |  |  | $ | 390,557 |
Class B common stock |  |  | 14,090 |  |  |  | 10,408 |  |  |  | 37,572 |  |  |  | 30,646 |
|  | $ | 159,032 |  |  | $ | 143,254 |  |  | $ | 422,542 |  |  | $ | 421,203 |
Diluted Earnings per Share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income attributable to Watsco, Inc. shareholders |  | $ | 170,953 |  |  | $ | 157,641 |  |  | $ | 453,790 |  |  | $ | 463,496 |
Less: distributed and undistributed earnings allocated to restricted common stock |  |  | 11,903 |  |  |  | 14,368 |  |  |  | 31,211 |  |  |  | 42,228 |
Earnings allocated to Watsco, Inc. shareholders |  | $ | 159,050 |  |  | $ | 143,273 |  |  | $ | 422,579 |  |  | $ | 421,268 |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding—Basic |  |  | 36,446,825 |  |  |  | 35,450,277 |  |  |  | 36,315,680 |  |  |  | 35,401,179 |
Effect of dilutive stock options |  |  | 132,583 |  |  |  | 112,008 |  |  |  | 122,395 |  |  |  | 128,309 |
Weighted-average common shares outstanding—Diluted |  |  | 36,579,408 |  |  |  | 35,562,285 |  |  |  | 36,438,075 |  |  |  | 35,529,488 |
Diluted earnings per share for Common and Class B common stock |  | $ | 4.35 |  |  | $ | 4.03 |  |  | $ | 11.60 |  |  | $ | 11.86 |
Anti-dilutive stock options not included above |  |  | 24,988 |  |  |  | 208,610 |  |  |  | 37,533 |  |  |  | 181,115 |

Diluted earnings per share for our Common stock assumes the conversion of all of our Class B common stock into Common stock
as
of
the
beginning of the fiscal year; therefore, no allocation of earnings to Class B common stock is required. At September 30, 2023 and 2022,
our
outstanding Class B common stock was convertible into 3,229,118 and 2,575,725 shares of our Common stock, respectively.
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4. OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
Other comprehensive income (loss) consists of the foreign currency translation adjustment associated with our Canadian operations’ use of the Canadian dollar as their functional currency.
The change in accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax, was as follows:

Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Foreign currency translation adjustment: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Beginning balance |  | $ | (47,710 | ) |  | $ | (34,176 | )
Current period other comprehensive income (loss) |  |  | 305 |  |  |  | (15,932 | )
Ending balance |  | $ | (47,405 | ) |  | $ | (50,108 | )

5. ACQUISITIONS
Gateway Supply Company, Inc.
On September 1, 2023, we acquired substantially all the assets and assumed certain of the liabilities of Gateway Supply Company, Inc. (“GWS”), a plumbing and HVAC distributor operating from 15 locations in South Carolina and
one location in Charlotte,
North Carolina. We formed a new, wholly owned subsidiary, Gateway Supply LLC, that operates this business. Consideration for the net purchase price consisted of $4,000 in cash
, net of cash acquired of $3,097,
and 280,215 shares of Common stock having a fair value of $102,343
.
Of the 280,215 shares of Common stock issued, 21,228 shares are subject to a contractual restriction that generally prohibits the sale or other transfer of such shares by GWS and its permitted transferees for a period of one year following the closing date with respect to half of such shares, and two years following the closing date with respect to the other half of such shares. The preliminary
purchase price resulted in the initial estimated recognition of
$
59,698
in goodwill. The tax basis of the acquired goodwill recognized is not deductible for income tax purposes.
Capitol District Supply Co., Inc.
On March 3, 2023, one of our wholly owned subsidiaries acquired Capitol District Supply Co., Inc., a distributor of air conditioning and heating products with annual sales of approximately $13,000, operating from three locations in New York. Consideration for the purchase consisted of $1,217 in cash, net of cash acquired of $144, and $1,851 for repayment of
indebtedness. The
preliminary
purchase price resulted in the
initial estimated
recognition of $1,033 in goodwill. The tax basis of such goodwill is deductible for income tax purposes over 15 years.
The results of operations of these acquisitions have been included in the condensed consolidated unaudited financial statements from their respective dates of acquisition. The pro forma effect of the acquisitions was not deemed significant to the condensed consolidated unaudited financial statements.
6. DEBT
On March 16, 2023, we entered into an unsecured, five-year $600,000 syndicated multicurrency revolving credit agreement, which replaced in its entirety our prior five-year $560,000 unsecured revolving credit agreement that was nearing maturity. Proceeds from the new facility were used to repay the $235,500 outstanding under the prior facility. Additional proceeds may be used for, among other things, funding seasonal working capital needs and other general corporate purposes, including acquisitions, dividends (if and as declared by our Board of Directors), capital expenditures, stock repurchases, and issuances of letters of credit. The revolving credit facility has a seasonal component from October 1 to March 31, during which the borrowing capacity may be reduced to $500,000 at our discretion (which effectively reduces fees payable in respect of the unused portion of the commitment
), and we effected this reduction on October 1, 2023.
Included in the revolving credit facility are a $125,000 swingline loan sublimit, a $10,000 letter of credit sublimit, a $75,000 alternative currency borrowing sublimit, and an $10,000 Mexican borrowing subfacility. The credit agreement matures on March 16, 2028.
Borrowings under the revolving credit facility bear interest at either Term Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”) or Daily Simple SOFR-based rates plus 0.10%, plus a spread which ranges from 100.0 to 137.5 basis-points (Term SOFR and Daily Simple SOFR plus 100.0 basis-points at
September
30, 2023), depending on our ratio of total debt to EBITDA, or on rates based on the highest of the Federal Funds Effective Rate plus 0.5%, the Prime Rate or Term SOFR plus 1.0%, in each case plus a spread which ranges from 0 to 50.0 basis-points (0 basis-points at
September
30, 2023), depending on our ratio of total debt to EBITDA. We pay a variable commitment fee on the unused portion of the commitment under the revolving credit agreement, ranging from 12.5 to 27.5 basis-points (12.5 basis-points at
September
30, 2023). We paid fees of $837 in connection with entering into the revolving credit agreement, which are being amortized ratably through the maturity of the facility in March 2028.
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At September 30, 2023, $105,600 was outstanding under the revolving credit agreement. The revolving credit agreement contains customary affirmative and negative covenants, including financial covenants with respect to consolidated leverage and interest coverage ratios, and other customary restrictions. We believe we were in compliance with all covenants at September 30, 2023.
7. DERIVATIVES
We enter into foreign currency forward and option contracts to offset the earnings impact that foreign exchange rate fluctuations would otherwise have on certain monetary liabilities that are denominated in nonfunctional currencies.
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments
We have entered into foreign currency forward and option contracts that are either not designated as hedges or did not qualify for hedge accounting. These derivative instruments were effective economic hedges for all of the periods presented. The fair value gains and losses on these contracts are recognized in earnings as a component of selling, general and administrative expenses. The total notional value of our foreign currency exchange contracts not designated as hedging instruments at September 30, 2023 was $6,600, and such contracts expired in October 2023.
We recognized losses of
$371 and $149 from
foreign currency forward and option contracts not designated as hedging instruments in our condensed consolidated unaudited statements of income for the quarters ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. We recognized
losses of $2,423 and $524 from
foreign currency forward and option contracts not designated as hedging instruments in our condensed consolidated unaudited statements of income for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
8. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
The following tables present our assets and liabilities carried at fair value that are measured on a recurring basis:

|  |  |  |  | Total |  |  | Fair Value Measurements at September 30, 2023 Using |
| Balance Sheet Location |  |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Derivative financial instruments |  |  | Other current assets |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 9 |  |  |  | — |
Equity securities |  |  | Other assets |  |  | $ | 773 |  |  | $ | 773 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Private equities |  |  | Other assets |  |  | $ | 1,500 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 1,500 |
|  |  |  |  |  | Total |  |  | Fair Value Measurements at December 31, 2022 Using |
|  | Balance Sheet Location |  | Level 1 |  |  | Level 2 |  |  | Level 3 |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity securities |  |  | Other assets |  |  | $ | 678 |  |  | $ | 678 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Private equities |  |  | Other assets |  |  | $ | 1,000 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | 1,000 |

The following is a description of the valuation techniques used for these assets and liabilities, as well as the level of input used to measure fair value:
Derivative financial instruments
– these derivatives are foreign currency forward and option contracts. See Note 7. Fair value is based on observable market inputs, such as forward rates in active markets; therefore, we classify these derivatives within Level 2 of the valuation hierarchy.
Equity securities
– these investments are exchange-traded equity securities. Fair values for these investments are based on closing stock prices from active markets and are therefore classified within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.
Private equities
– other investments in which fair value inputs are unobservable and are therefore classified within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.
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9. SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
At-the-Market
Offering Program
On February 25, 2022, we entered into an amended and restated sales agreement with Robert W. Baird & Co. Inc. (“Baird”) and Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC (“GS”), which enables the Company to issue and sell shares of Common stock in one or more negotiated transactions or transactions that are deemed to be “at the market” offerings as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), for a maximum aggregate offering amount of up
to $300,000 (
the “ATM Program”). The offer and sale of our Common stock pursuant to the ATM Program has been registered under the Securities Act pursuant to our automatically effective shelf registration statement on Form
S-3
(File
No. 333-260758).
During
the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we issued and sold 45,000 shares of Common stock under the ATM Program for net proceeds of $15,179. Direct costs of $375 incurred in connection with the offering were charged against the proceeds from the sale of Common stock and reflected as a reduction of
paid-in
capital. At September 30, 2023, $284,745 remained available for sale under the ATM Program.
On November 3, 2023, we entered into a second amended and restated sales agreement with Baird, which removed GS as a sales agent under the ATM Program.
Common Stock Dividends
We paid cash dividends of $2.45, $2.20, $7.35, and $6.35 per share on both Common and Class B common stock during the quarters and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively.
Restricted Stock
During the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2023,
a total of
1,033 shares of Common and Class B common stock with an aggregate fair market value of $362, and
a total of
7,080 shares of Common and Class B common stock with an aggregate fair market value of $2,026, respectively, were withheld as payment in lieu of cash to satisfy tax withholding obligations in connection with the vesting of restricted stock. These shares were retired upon delivery. During the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2022,
a total of
879 shares of Class B common stock with an aggregate fair market value of $252, and
a total of
9,060 shares of Class B common stock with an aggregate fair market value of $2,431, respectively, were withheld as payment in lieu of cash to satisfy tax withholding obligations in connection with the vesting of restricted stock. These shares were retired upon delivery.
Exercise of Stock Options
Cash received from Common stock issued as a result of stock options exercised during the quarters and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, was
$5,983, $7,929, $18,677, and $15,151, respectively.
During the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2023, a total of
295
shares of Common stock with an aggregate fair market value of
$106
, and a total of 17,687 shares of Common stock with an aggregate fair market value of
$
5,489
, respectively, were withheld as payment in lieu of cash for stock option exercises. These shares were retired upon delivery. During both the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2022, a total of
1,053
shares of Common stock with an aggregate fair market value of $298 were withheld as payment in lieu of cash for stock option exercises. These shares were retired upon delivery.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
During the quarters ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, we received net proceeds of $563 and $478, respectively, for shares of our Common stock purchased under our employee stock purchase plan. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, we received net proceeds of $1,696 and $1,484, respectively, for shares of our Common stock purchased under our employee stock purchase
plan.
10. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
Litigation, Claims, and Assessments
We are involved in litigation incidental to the operation of our business. We vigorously defend all matters in which we or our subsidiaries are named defendants and, for insurable losses, maintain significant levels of insurance to protect against adverse judgments, claims or assessments that may affect us. Although the adequacy of existing insurance coverage and the outcome of any legal proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty, based on the current information available, we do not believe the ultimate liability associated with any known claims or litigation will have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of
operations.
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Self-Insurance
Self-insurance reserves are maintained relative to company-wide casualty insurance and health benefit programs. The level of exposure from catastrophic events is limited by the purchase of stop-loss and aggregate liability reinsurance coverage. When estimating the self-insurance liabilities and related reserves, management considers several factors, which include historical claims experience, demographic factors, severity factors, and valuations provided by independent third-party actuaries. Management reviews its assumptions with its independent third-party actuaries to evaluate whether the self-insurance reserves are adequate. If actual claims or adverse development of loss reserves occur and exceed these estimates, additional reserves may be required. Reserves in the amounts of $10,066 and $12,256 at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, were established related to such programs and are included in accrued expenses and other current liabilities in our condensed consolidated unaudited balance sheets.
11. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
Purchases from Carrier and its affiliates comprised 67% and 63% of all inventory purchases made during the quarters ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. Purchases from Carrier and its affiliates comprised 65% and 60% of all inventory purchases made during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. At September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, approximately $178,000 and $88,000, respectively, was payable to Carrier and its affiliates, net of receivables. We also sell HVAC products to Carrier and its affiliates. Revenues in our condensed consolidated unaudited statements of income for the quarters and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 included approximately $34,000, $26,000, $88,000, and $76,000, respectively, of sales to Carrier and its affiliates. We believe these transactions are conducted on terms equivalent to an
arm’s-length
basis in the ordinary course of business.
A member of our Board of Directors is the Senior Chairman of Greenberg Traurig, P.A., which serves as our principal outside counsel for compliance and acquisition-related legal services. During the quarters and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, fees for services performed were $60,
$
40, $131, and $169, respectively, and $
50 and $
1 was payable at September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively.
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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Forward-Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report on Form
10-Q
contains or incorporates by reference statements that are not historical in nature and that are intended to be, and are hereby identified as, “forward-looking statements” as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Statements which are not historical in nature, including the words “anticipate,” “estimate,” “could,” “should,” “may,” “plan,” “seek,” “expect,” “believe,” “intend,” “target,” “will,” “project,” “focused,” “outlook,” “goal,” “designed,” and variations of these words and negatives thereof and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, including statements regarding, among others, (i) economic conditions, (ii) business and acquisition strategies, (iii) potential acquisitions and/or joint ventures and investments in unconsolidated entities, (iv) financing plans, and (v) industry, demographic and other trends affecting our financial condition or results of operations. These forward-looking statements are based on management’s current expectations, are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties, and changes in circumstances, certain of which are beyond our control. Actual results could differ materially from these forward-looking statements as a result of several factors, including, but not limited to:

| • |  | general economic conditions, both in the United States and in the international markets we serve;

| • |  | competitive factors within the HVAC/R industry;

| • |  | effects of supplier concentration, including conditions that impact the supply chain;

| • |  | fluctuations in certain commodity costs;

| • |  | consumer spending;

| • |  | consumer debt levels;

| • |  | the resurgence of the COVID-19 pandemic;

| • |  | new housing starts and completions;

| • |  | capital spending in the commercial construction market;

| • |  | access to liquidity needed for operations;

| • |  | seasonal nature of product sales;

| • |  | weather patterns and conditions;

| • |  | insurance coverage risks;

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| • |  | federal, state, and local regulations impacting our industry and products;

| • |  | prevailing interest rates;

| • |  | the effect of inflation;

| • |  | foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations;

| • |  | international risk;

| • |  | cybersecurity risk; and

| • |  | the continued viability of our business strategy.

We believe these forward-looking statements are reasonable; however, you should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements, which are based on current expectations. For additional information regarding important factors that may affect our operations and could cause actual results to vary materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements, please see “Economic and Marketplace Dynamics” in the discussion below, Item 1A “Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form
10-K
for the year ended December 31, 2022, as well as the other documents and reports that we file with the SEC. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date the statements were made. We assume no obligation to update forward-looking information or the discussion of such risks and uncertainties to reflect actual results, changes in assumptions, or changes in other factors affecting forward-looking information, except as required by applicable law. We qualify any and all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary factors.
The following information should be read in conjunction with the condensed consolidated unaudited financial statements, including the notes thereto, included under Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form
10-Q.
In addition, reference should be made to our audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto, and related Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in our Annual Report on Form
10-K
for the year ended December 31, 2022.
Company Overview
Watsco, Inc. was incorporated in Florida in 1956, and, together with its subsidiaries (collectively, “Watsco,” the “Company,” or “we,” “us,” or “our”) is the largest distributor of air conditioning, heating, and refrigeration equipment, and related parts and supplies (“HVAC/R”) in the HVAC/R distribution industry in North America. At September 30, 2023, we operated from 691 locations in 42 U.S. States, Canada, Mexico, and Puerto Rico with additional market coverage on an export basis to portions of Latin America and the Caribbean.
Revenues primarily consist of sales of air conditioning, heating, and refrigeration equipment, and related parts and supplies. Selling, general and administrative expenses primarily consist of selling expenses, the largest components of which are salaries, commissions, and marketing expenses that are variable and correlate to changes in sales. Other significant selling, general and administrative expenses relate to the operation of warehouse facilities, including a fleet of trucks and forklifts, and facility rent, a majority of which we operate under
non-cancelable
operating leases.
Sales of residential central air conditioners, heating equipment, and parts and supplies are seasonal. Furthermore, profitability can be impacted favorably or unfavorably based on weather patterns, particularly during the Summer and Winter selling seasons. Demand related to the residential central air conditioning replacement market is typically highest in the second and third quarters, and demand for heating equipment is usually highest in the first and fourth quarters. Demand related to the new construction sectors throughout most of the markets we serve tends to be fairly evenly distributed throughout the year and depends largely on housing completions and related weather and economic conditions.
Climate Change and Reductions in CO
2
e Emissions
We believe that our business plays an important and significant role in the drive to lower CO
2
e emissions. According to the United States Department of Energy, heating and air conditioning accounts for roughly half of household energy consumption in the United States. As such, replacing older, less efficient HVAC systems with higher efficiency systems is one of the most meaningful steps homeowners can take to reduce their electricity costs and carbon footprints.
The overwhelming majority of new HVAC systems that we sell replace systems that likely operate below current minimum efficiency standards in the United States and may use more harmful refrigerants that have been, or are being,
phased-out. As
consumers replace HVAC systems with new, higher-efficiency systems, homeowners will consume less energy, save costs, and reduce their carbon footprints.
The sale of high-efficiency systems has long been a focus of ours, and we have invested in tools and technology intended to capture an increasingly richer sales mix over time. In addition, regulatory mandates will likely periodically increase the required minimum Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio rating, referred to as SEER, thus providing a catalyst for greater sales of higher-efficiency systems.
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Recently enacted regulations increased the current minimum SEER beginning in 2023 (generally, to 14 SEER from 13 SEER in the Northern U.S. and to 15 SEER from 14 SEER for the Southern U.S.).
We offer a broad variety of systems that operate above the minimum SEER standards, ranging from base-level efficiency to systems that exceed 20 SEER. Based on estimates validated by independent sources, we averted an estimated 18.3 million metric tons of CO
2
e emissions from January 1, 2020 to September 30, 2023 through the sale of replacement residential HVAC systems at higher-efficiency standards.
Federal Tax Credits and State Incentives
Demand for higher-efficiency products, such as variable-speed systems and heat pumps, is expected to increase due to the passage of the U.S. Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (the “IRA”) in August 2022. This legislation is intended, in part, to promote the replacement of existing systems in favor of high-efficiency heat pump systems that reduce greenhouse gas emissions, as compared to older systems, and thereby combat climate change. Programs under the IRA include enhanced tax credits for homeowners who install qualifying HVAC equipment and tax deductions for owners of commercial buildings that are upgraded to achieve defined energy savings. The IRA also sets aside $4.3 billion for state-administered consumer rebate programs designed to promote energy savings for low and medium-income households, including HVAC systems. Final details, including qualifying products, specific programs, states participating, and other regulatory requirements contemplated by the IRA are still being finalized.
Economic and Marketplace Dynamics
The global economic recovery from the
COVID-19
pandemic has included challenges such as inflationary pressure and supply chain disruptions. Certain of our manufacturers and suppliers continue to experience some level of supply chain disruptions caused by reduced component availability, labor shortages, transportation delays, and other logistical challenges, resulting in longer lead times and constrained availability of HVAC/R products. These challenges were exacerbated by the regulatory transition to higher SEER products that became effective in 2023. Revenues for the first nine months of 2023 reflected temporary production and availability delays by one of our primary OEM partners. We estimate that revenues were negatively impacted by approximately 1% and 3% during the quarter and nine months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, in each case due to constrained availability of inventory. Our OEMs are working to improve their supply chains and product availability in order to help us meet our customers’ needs.
We cannot estimate the future impact of supply chain disruptions to the extent that these disruptions become more pronounced than current conditions. We continue to take proactive steps to limit the impact of these disruptions and are working closely with our suppliers to ensure the availability of products. Also, we continue to actively monitor the situation and may take further actions that alter our business.
Critical Accounting Estimates
Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations is based upon the condensed consolidated unaudited financial statements included in this Quarterly Report on Form
10-Q,
which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The preparation of these condensed consolidated unaudited financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the condensed consolidated unaudited financial statements, and the reported amount of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. At least quarterly, management reevaluates its judgments and estimates, which are based on historical experience, current trends, and various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances.
Our critical accounting estimates are included in our Annual Report on Form
10-K
for the year ended December 31, 2022, as filed with the SEC on February 24, 2023. We believe that there have been no significant changes during the quarter ended September 30, 2023 to the critical accounting estimates disclosed in our Annual Report on Form
10-K
for the year ended December 31, 2022.
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Results of Operations
The following table summarizes information derived from our condensed consolidated unaudited statements of income, expressed as a percentage of revenues, for the quarters and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022:

|  | Quarter Ended September 30, |  |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
Revenues |  |  | 100.0 | % |  |  | 100.0 | % |  |  | 100.0 | % |  |  | 100.0 | %
Cost of sales |  |  | 73.3 |  |  |  | 72.9 |  |  |  | 72.2 |  |  |  | 72.0 |
Gross profit |  |  | 26.7 |  |  |  | 27.1 |  |  |  | 27.8 |  |  |  | 28.0 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses |  |  | 15.0 |  |  |  | 15.8 |  |  |  | 16.0 |  |  |  | 16.2 |
Other income |  |  | 0.4 |  |  |  | 0.3 |  |  |  | 0.4 |  |  |  | 0.3 |
Operating income |  |  | 12.1 |  |  |  | 11.6 |  |  |  | 12.1 |  |  |  | 12.2 |
Interest expense, net |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  | 0.0 |  |  |  | 0.1 |  |  |  | 0.0 |
Income before income taxes |  |  | 12.0 |  |  |  | 11.6 |  |  |  | 12.0 |  |  |  | 12.2 |
Income taxes |  |  | 2.5 |  |  |  | 2.4 |  |  |  | 2.5 |  |  |  | 2.6 |
Net income |  |  | 9.4 |  |  |  | 9.1 |  |  |  | 9.4 |  |  |  | 9.6 |
Less: net income attributable to non-controlling interest |  |  | 1.4 |  |  |  | 1.4 |  |  |  | 1.5 |  |  |  | 1.5 |
Net income attributable to Watsco, Inc. |  |  | 8.0 | % |  |  | 7.7 | % |  |  | 8.0 | % |  |  | 8.1 | %

Note: Due to rounding, percentages may not total 100.
The following narratives reflect our acquisition of Capitol District Supply Co., Inc. (“Capitol”) in March 2023 and Gateway Supply Company, Inc. (“GWS”) in September 2023. We did not acquire any businesses during the quarter or nine months ended September 30, 2022.
In the following narratives, computations and other information referring to “same-store basis” exclude the effects of locations closed, acquired, or locations opened, in each case during the immediately preceding 12 months, unless such locations are within close geographical proximity to existing locations. At September 30, 2023 and 2022, three and eleven locations, respectively, that we opened during the immediately preceding 12 months were near existing locations and were therefore included in “same-store basis” information.
The table below summarizes the changes in our locations for the 12 months ended September 30, 2023:

|  | Number of Locations |
September 30, 2022 |  |  | 675 |
Opened |  |  | 1 |
Closed |  |  | (3 | )
December 31, 2022 |  |  | 673 |
Opened |  |  | 5 |
Acquired |  |  | 19 |
Closed |  |  | (6 | )
September 30, 2023 |  |  | 691 |

Third Quarter of 2023 Compared to Third Quarter of 2022
Revenues

|  | Quarters Ended September 30, |  |  |  |
(in millions) |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | Change |
Revenues |  | $ | 2,126.8 |  |  | $ | 2,035.8 |  |  | $ | 91.0 |  |  |  | 4 | %

The increase in revenues for the third quarter of 2023 included $17.9 million attributable to new locations acquired and $1.7 million from other locations opened during the preceding 12 months, offset by $2.5 million from locations closed.
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|  | Quarters Ended September 30, |  |  |  |
(in millions) |  |  | 2023 |  |  |  | 2022 |  |  |  | Change |
Same-store sales |  | $ | 2,107.2 |  |  | $ | 2,033.3 |  |  | $ | 73.9 |  |  |  | 4 | %

The following table presents our revenues, as a percentage of sales, by major product lines and the related percentage change in revenues from the prior period:

|  | % of Sales |  |  | % Change |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
HVAC equipment |  |  | 70 | % |  |  | 69 | % |  |  | 6 | % |  |  | 13 | %
Other HVAC products |  |  | 26 | % |  |  | 27 | % |  |  | (3 | %) |  |  | 15 | %
Commercial refrigeration products |  |  | 4 | % |  |  | 4 | % |  |  | 9 | % |  |  | 18 | %

HVAC equipment sales (excluding acquisitions) reflect a 4% increase in residential products, which is composed of unitary compressor-bearing systems, furnaces, and other indoor components, (3% increase in U.S. markets and a 15% increase in international markets) and a 14% increase in sales of commercial HVAC equipment (12% increase in U.S. markets and a 19% increase in international markets). Domestic sales of unitary compressor-bearing systems increased 4%, reflecting an 8% increase in average selling price and a 4% decrease in units.
Gross Profit

|  | Quarters Ended September 30, |  |  |  |
(in millions) |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | Change |
Gross profit |  | $ | 566.9 |  |  | $ | 550.8 |  |  | $ | 16.1 |  |  |  | 3 | %
Gross margin |  |  | 26.7 | % |  |  | 27.1 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Gross profit margin declined 40 basis-points primarily due to product mix, reflecting a stronger 6% sales growth rate of HVAC equipment (70% of sales) versus a 3% decline in sales of other HVAC products (
26% of sales
) in 2023 as compared to the same period in 2022. Generally, HVAC equipment drives lower gross profit margins than other HVAC products.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

|  | Quarters Ended September 30, |  |  |  |
(in millions) |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | Change |
Selling, general and administrative expenses |  | $ | 319.8 |  |  | $ | 321.5 |  |  | $ | (1.7 | ) |  |  | (1 | %)
Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenues |  |  | 15.0 | % |  |  | 15.8 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased 1% for the third quarter of 2023. On a same-store basis, selling, general and administrative expenses decreased 2% as compared to 2022, primarily due to improved operating efficiencies.
Other Income
Other income of $9.5 million and $6.9 million for the third quarters of 2023 and 2022, respectively, represents our share of the net income of Russell Sigler, Inc. (“RSI”), in which we have a 38.1% equity interest.
Interest Expense, Net
Interest expense, net for the third quarter of 2023 increased $1.4 million, or 291%, primarily due to a higher effective interest rate and higher average borrowings under our revolving credit facility for the 2023 period as compared to the same period in 2022.
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Income Taxes

|  | Quarters Ended September 30, |  |  |  |
(in millions) |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | Change |
Income taxes |  | $ | 54.1 |  |  | $ | 49.6 |  |  | $ | 4.5 |  |  |  | 9 | %
Effective income tax rate |  |  | 23.8 | % |  |  | 23.8 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Income taxes represent a composite of the income taxes attributable to our wholly owned operations and income taxes attributable to our joint ventures with Carrier Global Corporation (“Carrier”), which are primarily taxed as partnerships for income tax purposes; therefore, Carrier is responsible for its proportionate share of income taxes attributable to its share of earnings from these joint ventures.
Net Income Attributable to Watsco, Inc.
Net income attributable to Watsco, Inc. for the quarter ended September 30, 2023 increased $13.3 million, or 8%, compared to the same period in 2022. The increase was primarily driven by higher revenues, gross profit and higher other income, lower selling, general and administrative expenses, partially offset by higher interest expense, net, and higher income taxes.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 Compared to Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Revenues

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  |  |  |
(in millions) |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | Change |
Revenues |  | $ | 5,680.6 |  |  | $ | 5,693.1 |  |  | $ | (12.5 | ) |  |  | 0 | %

The decrease in revenues for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 included $6.5 million from locations closed, offset by $22.6 million attributable to new locations acquired and $8.0 million from other locations opened during the preceding 12 months.

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  |  |  |
(in millions) |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | Change |
Same-store sales |  | $ | 5,650.0 |  |  | $ | 5,686.6 |  |  | $ | (36.6 | ) |  |  | (1 | %)

The following table presents our revenues, as a percentage of sales, by major product lines and the related percentage change in revenues from the prior period:

|  | % of Sales |  |  | % Change |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
HVAC equipment |  |  | 69 | % |  |  | 69 | % |  |  | — |  |  |  | 18 | %
Other HVAC products |  |  | 27 | % |  |  | 27 | % |  |  | (4 | %) |  |  | 20 | %
Commercial refrigeration products |  |  | 4 | % |  |  | 4 | % |  |  | 7 | % |  |  | 25 | %

HVAC equipment sales (excluding acquisitions) reflect a 4% decrease in residential products, which is composed of unitary compressor-bearing systems, furnaces, and other indoor components, (5% decrease in U.S. markets and a 2% increase in international markets) and a 17% increase in sales of commercial HVAC equipment (17% increase in U.S. markets and a 19% increase in international markets). Domestic sales of unitary compressor-bearing systems declined 3%, reflecting a 12% decrease in units and a 9% increase in average selling price.
Gross Profit

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  |  |  |
(in millions) |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | Change |
Gross profit |  | $ | 1,577.7 |  |  | $ | 1,596.7 |  |  | $ | (19.0 | ) |  |  | (1 | %)
Gross margin |  |  | 27.8 | % |  |  | 28.0 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

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Gross profit margin declined 20 basis-points primarily due to less beneficial pricing actions taken by our HVAC equipment suppliers in 2023 as compared to the same period in 2022.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  |  |  |
(in millions) |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | Change |
Selling, general and administrative expenses |  | $ | 911.0 |  |  | $ | 919.6 |  |  | $ | (8.6 | ) |  |  | (1 | %)
Selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenues |  |  | 16.0 | % |  |  | 16.2 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Selling, general and administrative expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 decreased primarily due to lower revenues. On a same-store basis, selling, general and administrative expenses decreased 2% as compared to the same period in 2022, primarily due to decreased variable costs commensurate with decreased revenues and improved operating efficiencies.
Other Income
Other income of $20.4 million and $17.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, represents our share of the net income of RSI, in which we have a 38.1% equity interest.
Interest Expense, Net
Interest expense, net for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 increased $3.8 million, or 175%, for the 2023 period as compared to the same period in 2022, primarily due to a higher effective interest rate and higher average outstanding borrowings under our revolving credit facility.
Income Taxes

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, |  |  |  |
(in millions) |  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | Change |
Income taxes |  | $ | 144.7 |  |  | $ | 145.7 |  |  | $ | (1.0 | ) |  |  | (1 | %)
Effective income tax rate |  |  | 24.0 | % |  |  | 23.8 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Income taxes represent a composite of the income taxes attributable to our wholly owned operations and income taxes attributable to our joint ventures with Carrier, which are primarily taxed as partnerships for income tax purposes; therefore, Carrier is responsible for its proportionate share of income taxes attributable to its share of earnings from these joint ventures. The increase in the effective income tax rate was primarily due to higher state income taxes partially offset by higher share-based compensation deductions and tax credits in 2023 as compared to the same period in 2022.
Net Income Attributable to Watsco, Inc.
Net income attributable to Watsco, Inc. for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 decreased $9.7 million, or 2%, compared to the same period in 2022. The decrease was primarily driven by lower revenues and gross profit and higher interest expense, net, partially offset by lower selling, general and administrative expenses, higher other income, and lower income taxes.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
We assess our liquidity in terms of our ability to generate cash to execute our business strategy and fund operating and investing activities, taking into consideration the seasonal demand for HVAC/R products, which peaks in the months of May through August. Significant factors that could affect our liquidity include the following:

| • |  | cash needed to fund our business (primarily working capital requirements);

| • |  | borrowing capacity under our revolving credit facility;

| • |  | the ability to attract long-term capital with satisfactory terms;

| • |  | acquisitions, including joint ventures and investments in unconsolidated entities;

| • |  | dividend payments;

| • |  | capital expenditures; and

| • |  | the timing and extent of common stock repurchases.

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Sources and Uses of Cash
We rely on cash flows from operations and borrowing capacity under our revolving credit agreement to fund seasonal working capital needs and for other general corporate purposes in the short-term and the long-term, including dividend payments (if and as declared by our Board of Directors), capital expenditures, business acquisitions, and development of our long-term operating and technology strategies. Additionally, we may also generate cash through the issuance and sale of our Common stock.
As of September 30, 2023, we had $175.0 million of cash and cash equivalents, of which $152.6 million was held by foreign subsidiaries. The repatriation of cash balances from our foreign subsidiaries could have adverse tax impacts or be subject to capital controls; however, these balances are generally available to fund the ordinary business operations of our foreign subsidiaries without legal restrictions.
We believe that our operating cash flows, cash on hand, funds available for borrowing under our revolving credit agreement, and funds available from sales of our Common stock under our ATM Program (as defined below), each of which is described below, will be sufficient to meet our liquidity needs for the foreseeable future. However, there can be no assurance that our current sources of available funds will be sufficient to meet our cash requirements.
Our access to funds under our revolving credit agreement depends on the ability of the syndicate banks to meet their respective funding commitments. Disruptions in the credit and capital markets could adversely affect our ability to draw on our revolving credit agreement and may also adversely affect the determination of interest rates, particularly rates based on the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”), which is one of the base rates under our revolving credit agreement. SOFR has limited historical data and is a secured lending rate, which could give rise to uncertainties and volatility in the benchmark rates. Additionally, disruptions in the credit and capital markets could also result in increased borrowing costs or reduced borrowing capacity under our revolving credit agreement.
Working Capital
Working capital increased to $1,842.9 million at September 30, 2023 from $1,392.2 million at December 31, 2022, due to: (i) a customary increase in inventory concurrent with our selling season, new inventory requirements pertaining to the transition to higher minimum efficiency levels for residential HVAC systems that went into effect on January 1, 2023, and an increase of safety stock as a consequence of supply chain disruptions; (ii) higher accounts receivable consistent with the seasonality of our business; and (iii) the classification of borrowings under our revolving credit agreement as a long-term liability at September 30, 2023, which were offset by an increase in accounts payable consistent with the change in inventory.
Cash Flows
The following table summarizes our cash flow activity for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in millions):

|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | Change |
Cash flows provided by operating activities |  | $ | 263.3 |  |  | $ | 358.9 |  |  | $ | (95.6 | )
Cash flows used in investing activities |  | $ | (28.1 | ) |  | $ | (26.4 | ) |  | $ | (1.7 | )
Cash flows used in financing activities |  | $ | (207.6 | ) |  | $ | (315.5 | ) |  | $ | 107.9 |

The individual items contributing to cash flow changes for the periods presented are detailed in the condensed consolidated unaudited statements of cash flows contained in this Quarterly Report on Form
10-Q.
Operating Activities
The decrease in net cash provided by operating activities was primarily due to the timing of vendor payments and lower net income in 2023 as compared to 2022, partially offset by the changes in working capital discussed above.
Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities was higher primarily due to cash consideration paid for our acquisitions of Capitol and GWS in 2023.
Financing Activities
Net cash used in financing activities decreased primarily due to higher borrowings under our revolving credit agreement and proceeds from the sale of Common stock used for repayments under our revolving credit agreement, partially offset by an increase in dividends paid in 2023.
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Revolving Credit Agreement
On March 16, 2023, we entered into an unsecured, five-year $600.0 million syndicated multicurrency revolving credit agreement, which replaced in its entirety our prior five-year $560.0 million unsecured revolving credit agreement that was nearing maturity. Proceeds from the new facility were used to repay the $235.5 million outstanding under the prior facility. Additional proceeds may be used for, among other things, funding seasonal working capital needs and for other general corporate purposes, including acquisitions, dividends (if and as declared by our Board of Directors), capital expenditures, stock repurchases, and issuances of letters of credit. The revolving credit facility has a seasonal component from October 1 to March 31, during which the borrowing capacity may be reduced to $500.0 million at our discretion (which effectively reduces fees payable in respect of the unused portion of the commitment), and we effected this reduction on October 1, 2023. Included in the revolving credit facility are a $125.0 million swingline loan sublimit, a $10.0 million letter of credit sublimit, a $75.0 million alternative currency borrowing sublimit, and an $10.0 million Mexican borrowing subfacility. The credit agreement matures on March 16, 2028.
Borrowings under the revolving credit facility bear interest at either Term SOFR or Daily Simple SOFR-based rates plus 0.10%, plus a spread which ranges from 100.0 to 137.5 basis-points (Term SOFR and Daily Simple SOFR plus 100.0 basis-points at September 30, 2023), depending on our ratio of total debt to EBITDA, or on rates based on the highest of the Federal Funds Effective Rate plus 0.5%, the Prime Rate or Term SOFR plus 1.0%, in each case plus a spread which ranges from 0 to 50.0 basis-points (0 basis-points at September 30, 2023), depending on our ratio of total debt to EBITDA. We pay a variable commitment fee on the unused portion of the commitment under the revolving credit agreement, ranging from 12.5 to 27.5 basis-points (12.5 basis-points at September 30, 2023). We paid fees of $0.8 million in connection with entering into the revolving credit agreement, which are being amortized ratably through the maturity of the facility in March 2028.
At September 30, 2023, $105.6 million was outstanding under the revolving credit agreement. The revolving credit agreement contains customary affirmative and negative covenants, including financial covenants with respect to consolidated leverage and interest coverage ratios, and other customary restrictions. We believe we were in compliance with all covenants at September 30, 2023.
At-the-Market
Offering Program
On February 25, 2022, we entered into an amended and restated sales agreement with Robert W. Baird & Co. Inc. (“Baird”) and Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC (“GS”), which enables the Company to issue and sell shares of Common stock in one or more negotiated transactions or transactions that are deemed to be “at the market” offerings as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), for a maximum aggregate offering amount of up to $300.0 million (the “ATM Program”). The offer and sale of our Common stock pursuant to the ATM Program has been registered under the Securities Act pursuant to our automatically effective shelf registration statement on Form
S-3
(File
No. 333-260758).
During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, we issued and sold 45,000 shares of Common stock under the ATM Program for net proceeds of $15.2 million. Direct costs of $0.4 million incurred in connection with the offering were charged against the proceeds from the sale of Common stock and reflected as a reduction of
paid-in
capital. At September 30, 2023, $284.7 million remained available for sale under the ATM Program.
On November 3, 2023, we entered into a second amended and restated sales agreement with Baird, which removed GS as a sales agent under the ATM Program. See Item 5 of this Quarterly Report on Form
10-Q
for additional information.
Investment in Unconsolidated Entity
Carrier Enterprise I, one of our joint ventures with Carrier, in which we have an 80% controlling interest, has a 38.1% ownership interest in RSI, an HVAC distributor operating from 34 locations in the Western U.S. Our proportionate share of the net income of RSI is included in other income in our condensed consolidated unaudited statements of income.
Carrier Enterprise I is a party to a shareholders’ agreement (the “Shareholders’ Agreement”) with RSI and its shareholders, consisting of five Sigler second generation family siblings and their affiliates, who collectively own 55.8% of RSI (the “RSI Majority Holders”) and certain next-generation Sigler family members and an employee, who collectively own 3.1% of RSI (the “RSI Minority Holders” and, together with the RSI Majority Holders, the “RSI Shareholders”). Pursuant to the Shareholders’ Agreement, the RSI Shareholders have the right to sell, and Carrier Enterprise I has the obligation to purchase, their respective shares of RSI for a purchase price determined based on the higher of book value or a multiple of EBIT, the latter of which Carrier Enterprise I used to calculate the price for its 38.1% investment held in RSI. The RSI Shareholders may transfer their respective shares of RSI common stock only to members of the Sigler family or to Carrier Enterprise I, and, at any time from and after the date on which Carrier Enterprise I owns 85% or more of RSI’s outstanding common stock, it has the right, but not the obligation, to purchase from the RSI Shareholders the remaining outstanding shares of RSI common stock. At September 30, 2023, using the criteria set forth in the Shareholders’ Agreement, the valuation of the RSI Shareholders’ RSI common stock was approximately $426.0 million. We believe that our operating cash flows, cash on hand, funds available for borrowing under our revolving credit agreement, or use of the ATM Program would be sufficient to purchase any additional ownership interests in RSI.
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On July 28, 2023, Watsco, Carrier Enterprise I, and the RSI Majority Holders entered into an agreement that (1) provides Carrier Enterprise I the discretion, but not the obligation, to fund up to 80% of any purchase from the RSI Majority Holders of their RSI common stock, as required under the Shareholders’ Agreement, using Watsco Common stock (the “Offered Shares”), (2) provides that any Offered Shares actually issued would be valued based on the average volume-weighted average price of Watsco’s Common stock for the ten trading days immediately preceding the payment date for the applicable RSI shares, and (3) limits the amount of RSI shares that may be collectively sold by the RSI Majority Holders to Carrier Enterprise I under the Shareholders’ Agreement to $125.0 million during any rolling
12-month
period. We have not issued or sold any Offered Shares, and there is no assurance that we will issue and sell any Offered Shares, nor is the number of Offered Shares that may be issued and sold currently determinable.
Acquisitions
On September 1, 2023, we acquired substantially all the assets and assumed certain of the liabilities of Gateway Supply Company, Inc., a plumbing and HVAC distributor operating from 16 locations in South Carolina and North Carolina. Consideration for the net purchase price consisted of $4.0 million in cash and 280,215 shares of Common stock having a fair value of $102.3 million, net of cash acquired of $3.1 million.
On March 3, 2023, one of our wholly owned subsidiaries acquired Capitol, a distributor of air conditioning and heating products with annual sales of approximately $13.0 million, operating from three locations in New York. Consideration for the purchase consisted of $1.2 million in cash, net of cash acquired of $0.1 million, and $1.9 million for repayment of indebtedness.
We continually evaluate potential acquisitions and/or joint ventures and investments in unconsolidated entities. We routinely hold discussions with several acquisition candidates. Should suitable acquisition opportunities arise that would require additional financing, we believe our financial position and earnings history provide a sufficient basis for us to either obtain additional debt financing at competitive rates and on reasonable terms or raise capital through the issuance of equity securities.
Common Stock Dividends
We paid cash dividends of $7.35 and $6.35 per share on both Common and Class B common stock during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively. On October 2, 2023, our Board of Directors declared a regular quarterly cash dividend of $2.45 per share on both Common and Class B common stock that was paid on October 31, 2023 to shareholders of record as of October 17, 2023. Future dividends and changes in dividend rates are at the sole discretion of the Board of Directors and depend upon factors including, but not limited to, cash flow generated by operations, profitability, financial condition, cash requirements, and future prospects.
Company Share Repurchase Program
In September 1999, our Board of Directors authorized the repurchase, at management’s discretion, of up to 7,500,000 shares of common stock in the open market or via private transactions. Shares repurchased under the program are accounted for using the cost method and result in a reduction of shareholders’ equity. We last repurchased shares under this plan in 2008. In aggregate, 6,370,913 shares of Common and Class B common stock have been repurchased at a cost of $114.4 million since the inception of the program. At September 30, 2023, there were 1,129,087 shares remaining authorized for repurchase under the program. The IRA includes, among other provisions, a 1% excise tax on stock repurchases effective January 1, 2023. In considering any further stock repurchases under our repurchase program, we intend to evaluate the impact of the IRA’s 1% excise tax.
ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
There have been no material changes to the information regarding market risk provided in Item 7A, Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk, of our Annual Report on Form
10-K
for the year ended December 31, 2022.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule
13a-15(e)
under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) that are, among other things, designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”), Executive Vice President (“EVP”) and Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), to allow for timely decisions regarding required disclosure and appropriate SEC filings.
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Our management, with the participation of our CEO, EVP and CFO, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report, and, based on that evaluation, our CEO, EVP and CFO concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective, at a reasonable assurance level, at and as of such date.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We are continuously seeking to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of our operations and of our internal controls. This results in refinements to processes throughout the Company. However, there were no changes in internal controls over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules
13a-15(f)
and
15d-15(f)
under the Exchange Act) during the quarter ended September 30, 2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
In accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC, we have not yet assessed the internal control over financial reporting of GWS, which represented approximately 3% of our total consolidated assets at September 30, 2023 and approximately 0.3% of our consolidated revenues for the quarter ended September 30, 2023. From the acquisition date of September 1, 2023 to September 30, 2023, the processes and systems of GWS did not impact the internal controls over financial reporting for our other consolidated subsidiaries.
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Information with respect to this item may be found in Note 10 to our condensed consolidated unaudited financial statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form
10-Q
under the caption “Litigation, Claims and Assessments,” which information is incorporated by reference in this Item 1 of Part II of this Quarterly Report on Form
10-Q.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Information about risk factors for the quarter ended September 30, 2023 does not differ materially from that set forth in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form
10-K
for the year ended December 31, 2022.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Period |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased (1) |  |  | Average Price Paid per Share |  |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs |  |  | Maximum Dollar Value that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs |
July 1, 2023 to July 31, 2023 |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |
August 1, 2023 to August 31, 2023 |  |  | 1,033 |  |  |  | 349.99 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
September 1, 2023 to September 30, 2023 |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Total |  |  | 1,033 |  |  | $ | 349.99 |  |  |  | — |  |  | $ | — |

(1) | During the quarter ended September 30, 2023, we purchased an aggregate of 1,033 shares of our common stock to satisfy the tax withholding obligations in connection with the vesting of restricted stock.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
During the quarter ended September 30, 2023
,
no
ne
of our officers or directors adopted or terminated any contract, instruction or written plan for the purchase or sale of our securities that was intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule
10b5-1(c)
under the Exchange Act or any
“non-Rule
10b5-1
trading arrangement”, as defined in Item 408 of Regulation
S-K.
As previously reported, on August 6, 2021, the Company entered into a Sales Agreement (the “Original Sales Agreement”) with Robert W. Baird & Co. Incorporated (“Baird”), relating to the Company’s issuance and sale, from time to time, of up to $300.0 million of its Common stock in a registered offering pursuant to the Company’s effective Registration Statement on Form
S-3.
The Sales Agreement provided for the sale of shares in negotiated transactions or transactions that are deemed to be “at the market” offerings as defined in Rule 415 under the Securities Act, including sales made directly on the New York Stock Exchange, or sales made to or through a market maker other than on an exchange (the “ATM Program”). On February 25, 2022, the Company entered into an amended and restated Sales Agreement together with Baird and Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC (“GS”) for the purpose of adding GS as an additional sales agent thereunder and making necessary conforming changes. On November 3, 2023, the Company entered into a second amended and restated Sales Agreement (the “SA&R Sales Agreement”) with Baird for the purpose of removing GS as a sales agent under the ATM Program and making necessary conforming changes. The SA&R Sales Agreement otherwise retains all material terms of the Original Sales Agreement.
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The foregoing description of the SA&R Sales Agreement is only a summary and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the full text of the SA&R Sales Agreement, which is filed as Exhibit 10.1 to this Quarterly Report on Form
10-Q
and incorporated by reference in this Item 5.
ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

10.1 # |  | Second Amended and Restated Sales Agreement dated November 3, 2023, by and between Watsco, Inc. and Robert W. Baird & Co. Incorporated.
31.1 # |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a- 15(e) and 15d-15(e) as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2 # |  | Certification of Executive Vice President pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.3 # |  | Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Securities Exchange Act Rules 13a- 15(e) and 15d-15(e) as adopted pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1 + |  | Certification of Chief Executive Officer, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101.INS # |  | Inline XBRL Instance Document—the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH # |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL # |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF # |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB # |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE # |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
104 |  | The cover page from the Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2023, formatted in Inline XBRL.

# | filed herewith.

+ | furnished herewith.

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SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

|  |  |  | WATSCO, INC.
|  |  |  | (Registrant)
Date: November 3, 2023 |  |  |  | By: |  | /s/ Ana M. Menendez
|  |  |  |  |  | Ana M. Menendez
|  |  |  |  |  | Chief Financial Officer (on behalf of the Registrant and as Principal Financial Officer)

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