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Stock-Based Compensation
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2024
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Stock-Based Compensation Stock-Based Compensation 
The Company’s 2016 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (the “2016 Plan”) provides for granting stock options, restricted stock units, restricted stock awards, stock appreciation rights, unrestricted stock awards, performance share awards, dividend equivalent rights and cash-based awards to its employees, directors and consultants. Certain of the Company’s outstanding equity awards were granted under equity incentive plans that are no longer active but continue to govern the outstanding equity awards granted thereunder.
In the second quarter of 2024, the Company granted certain of its executive employees performance-based restricted stock units (“PSUs”) covering 516,626 shares of Class A common stock that had an aggregate grant date fair value of $34.5 million. The PSUs will vest if certain operational performance or market conditions, as defined in the grant agreements, are met during the performance achievement period, which expires on December 31, 2026. The fair value of the portion of the PSUs with an operational performance target equals the closing price of the Company’s Class A common stock on the date of grant. The expense is recognized on a straight-line basis and only if it is probable that the performance target will be achieved during the performance period. The probability of achievement is assessed each reporting period and adjustments are recorded accordingly. The fair value of the portion of the PSUs with market conditions was determined using a Monte-Carlo simulation model and the expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the performance achievement period. At the end of the vesting period the number of shares actually issued may range from 0% to 200% of the target based on levels of performance.
In addition, pursuant to the Company’s 2016 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”), eligible employees may purchase shares of the Company’s Class A common stock at a discount of 15% through payroll deductions of their eligible compensation. The ESPP provides for separate six-month offering periods beginning in May and November of each year.
As of September 30, 2024, total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested restricted stock units was $1.4 billion which will be amortized over a weighted-average period of 2.7 years. As of September 30, 2024, total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock options and the ESPP was not significant.
Stock-Based Compensation Expense
The Company recorded total stock-based compensation expense as follows:
Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2024202320242023
(In thousands)
Cost of revenue$5,436 $7,053 $16,830 $18,677 
Research and development84,787 94,085 246,926 246,754 
Sales and marketing33,560 51,345 101,664 142,343 
General and administrative30,048 32,524 92,226 90,497 
Restructuring costs730 467 3,178 11,096 
Total$154,561 $185,474 $460,824 $509,367