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Income Taxes
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes Income Taxes        
The following table presents domestic and foreign components of loss before provision for income taxes for the periods presented:
Year Ended December 31,
202420232022
(In thousands)
United States$40,982 $(816,089)$(1,021,208)
International(129,595)(180,640)(222,424)
Loss before provision for income taxes
$(88,613)$(996,729)$(1,243,632)
Provision for income taxes consists of the following:
Year Ended December 31,
202420232022
Current:(In thousands)
Federal$5,617 $2,567 $3,928 
State2,305 1,533 4,100 
Foreign14,850 31,354 17,450 
Total22,772 35,454 25,478 
Deferred:
Federal196 (1,337)(5,155)
State149 (208)(818)
Foreign(2,327)(15,197)(6,992)
Total(1,982)(16,742)(12,965)
Provision for income taxes$20,790 $18,712 $12,513 
The following table presents a reconciliation of the statutory federal tax rate and the Company's effective tax rate:
Year Ended December 31,
202420232022
Tax at federal statutory rate21 %21 %21 %
State tax, net of federal benefit1 3 3 
Stock-based compensation(40)(7)(7)
Credits20 2 1 
Foreign rate differential(67)1 (2)
Permanent book vs. tax differences8 — — 
Change in valuation allowance32 (23)(17)
Other2 1 (1)
Effective tax rate(23)%(2)%(2)%
Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. The following table presents the significant components of the Company's deferred tax assets and liabilities:
As of December 31,
20242023
Deferred tax assets:(In thousands)
Net operating loss carryforwards$810,278 $983,652 
Accruals and reserves73,535 52,750 
Stock-based compensation28,238 29,572 
Research and development credits175,746 177,109 
Intangibles135,500 135,564 
Capitalized research and development expenses299,061 231,819 
Lease liability30,697 44,682 
Investments and other basis differences81,248 51,368 
Other18,139 31,852 
Gross deferred tax assets1,652,442 1,738,368 
Valuation allowance(1,488,328)(1,533,933)
Net deferred tax assets164,114 204,435 
Deferred tax liabilities:
Capitalized software(38,394)(36,109)
Prepaid expenses(900)(1,073)
Acquired intangibles(55,283)(81,415)
Right-of-use asset(13,112)(19,964)
Deferred commissions(42,313)(50,703)
Net deferred tax asset
$14,112 $15,171 
The following table summarizes the Company’s tax carryforwards, carryovers and credits:
As of
December 31, 2024		Expiration Date
(If not utilized)
(In thousands)
Federal tax credits$151,594 Various dates beginning in 2038
Federal net operating loss carryforwards$2,826,042 Indefinite
State net operating loss carryforwards$2,390,636 Various dates beginning in 2026
State tax credits$125,282 Various dates beginning in 2029
Foreign net operating loss carryforwards$846,118 Indefinite
A limitation may apply to the use of the federal and state net operating loss and credit carryforwards, under provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and similar state tax provisions that are applicable if the Company experiences an “ownership change.” An ownership change may occur, for example, as a result of issuance of new equity. Should these limitations apply, the carryforwards would be subject to an annual limitation, resulting in a potential reduction in the gross deferred tax assets before considering the valuation allowance.
The Company's accounting for deferred taxes involves the evaluation of a number of factors related to the realizability of its net deferred tax assets. The Company primarily considered such factors as its history of operating losses, the nature of the Company's deferred tax assets, and the timing, likelihood and amount, if any, of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences and carryforwards become deductible.
At present, the Company does not believe that it is more likely than not that the federal, state and certain foreign net deferred tax assets will be realized, and accordingly, a valuation allowance has been established. The valuation allowance decreased by approximately $45.6 million during the year ended December 31, 2024, and increased by approximately $176.6 million during the year ended December 31, 2023.
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
202420232022
(In thousands)
Unrecognized tax benefit, beginning of year$233,778 $228,966 $223,380 
Gross increases for tax positions of prior years7,476 3,427 3,250 
Gross decreases for tax positions of prior years(198)(5,130)(705)
Gross increases for tax positions of current year13,253 7,754 4,081 
Lapse of statute of limitations(2,101)(1,239)(1,040)
Unrecognized tax benefit, end of year$252,208 $233,778 $228,966 
As of December 31, 2024, the Company had approximately $252.2 million of unrecognized tax benefits. If the $252.2 million is recognized, $3.1 million would affect the effective tax rate. The remaining amount would be offset by the reversal of related deferred tax assets which are subject to a full valuation allowance.
The Company does not anticipate any significant changes within 12 months of December 31, 2024, in its uncertain tax positions that would be material to its consolidated financial statements taken as a whole because nearly all of the unrecognized tax benefit has been offset by a deferred tax asset, which has been reduced by a valuation allowance.
The Company files U.S. federal income tax returns as well as income tax returns in many U.S. states and foreign jurisdictions. As of December 31, 2024, the tax years 2008 through the current period remain open to examination by the major jurisdictions in which the Company is subject to tax. Fiscal years outside the normal statute of limitation remain open to audit by tax authorities due to tax attributes generated in those early years, which have been carried forward and may be audited in subsequent years when utilized. The Company is fully reserved for all open U.S. federal, state and local, or non-U.S. income tax examinations by any tax authorities.
On June 7, 2019, a three-judge panel from the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit overturned the U.S. Tax Court's decision in Altera Corp. v. Commissioner and upheld the portion of the Treasury regulations under Section 482 of the Internal Revenue Code that requires related parties in a cost-sharing arrangement to share expenses related to share-based compensation. As a result of this decision, the Company's gross unrecognized tax benefits increased to reflect the impact of including share-based compensation in cost-sharing arrangements. The Company will continue to monitor future developments related to this matter and their potential effects on its consolidated financial statements. There is no impact on the Company’s effective tax rate for years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 due to a full valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets.
The provision for income taxes recorded in the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively, consists primarily of income taxes and withholding taxes in jurisdictions in which the Company conducts business. Due to a history of losses in the U.S., the Company maintains a full valuation allowance against its U.S. deferred tax assets.