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Net Income (Loss) Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2025
Earnings Per Share [Abstract]  
Net Income (Loss) Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders Net Income (Loss) Per Share Attributable to Common Stockholders
The Company computes net income (loss) per share in accordance with ASC 260 “Earnings per Share.” Basic net income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders is computed by dividing net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net income (loss) per share gives effect to all dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period, such as stock options, RSUs, and shares partially paid for under ESPP, using the treasury stock method as well as PSUs using the contingently issuable shares guidance. Diluted net income (loss) per share excludes all dilutive potential common shares if their effect is anti-dilutive.
The following table sets forth the calculation of basic and diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders during the periods presented:
Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2025202420252024
Numerator:
Net income (loss) attributable to common stockholders
   (in thousands)
$37,248 $(9,726)$79,688 $(96,933)
Denominator:
Weighted-average shares outstanding, basic153,119,639 159,091,110 153,211,538 170,063,452 
Dilutive effect of outstanding stock options, RSUs, PSUs and
    stock committed under ESPP
6,090,312 — 7,000,800 — 
Weighted-average shares outstanding, diluted
159,209,951 159,091,110 160,212,338 170,063,452 
Net income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders:
Basic
$0.24 $(0.06)$0.52 $(0.57)
Diluted
$0.23 $(0.06)$0.50 $(0.57)
The following outstanding shares of common stock equivalents were excluded from the calculation of the diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to common stockholders because their effect would have been anti-dilutive:

Three Months Ended
September 30,		Nine Months Ended
September 30,
2025202420252024
Stock options issued and outstanding304,275 1,392,697 145,350 1,392,697 
Unvested restricted stock units issued and outstanding(1)
3,910,813 20,265,865 3,712,970 20,265,865 
Shares of Class A common stock reserved for Twilio.org— 375,735 — 375,735 
Shares of Class A common stock committed under ESPP— 240,905 — 240,905 
Total4,215,088 22,275,202 3,858,320 22,275,202 
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(1) A portion of these unvested restricted stock units are PSUs. The number of PSUs that will ultimately vest may increase or decrease the number of shares that will be issued at the end of the performance period.