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Equity Awards and Instruments (Tables)
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2021
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Schedule of Stock-based Compensation Expense
Total stock‑based compensation expense was as follows:
Three Months Ended
March 31,
20212020
Stock option expense$998 $1,534 
Restricted stock and restricted stock units (“RSUs”) expense
1,497 — 
Stock grants expense— 119 
Bonus Plan expense (see Note 11)6,124 — 
ESPP expense (see Note 13)449 — 
Total pre-tax expense (1)
$9,068 $1,653 
(1)As of March 31, 2021 and December 31, 2020, $6,279 and $6,835 remained in Accruals and other current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets, respectively.
Total stock‑based compensation expense is included in the consolidated statements of operations as follows:
Three Months Ended
March 31,
20212020
Cost of subscriptions and licenses$89 $28 
Cost of services243 96 
Research and development3,955 619 
Selling and marketing788 400 
General and administrative3,993 510 
Total pre-tax expense$9,068 $1,653 
Schedule of Options
The following is a summary of stock option activity and related information under the Company’s applicable equity incentive plans:
Weighted
WeightedAverage
AverageRemainingAggregate
StockExercise PriceContractualIntrinsic
OptionsPer ShareLife (in years)Value
Outstanding, December 31, 202012,842,226 $4.87 
Exercised(1,525,331)4.23 
Canceled(45,250)5.12 
Outstanding, March 31, 202111,271,645 $4.96 1.93$473,067 
Exercisable, March 31, 20216,859,645 $4.60 1.52$290,383 
Schedule of Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Unit Activity
The following is a summary of unvested restricted stock and RSU activity and related information under the Company’s applicable equity incentive plans:
Time-Performance-
BasedBased
Time-Performance-WeightedWeighted
TotalBasedBasedAverageAverage
RestrictedRestrictedRestrictedGrant DateGrant Date
StockStockStockFair ValueFair Value
and RSUsand RSUs
and RSUs (2)
Per SharePer Share
Unvested, December 31, 20201,423,715 1,263,193 160,522 $16.38 $16.62 
Granted9,000 9,000 — 45.32
Vested(40,695)(5,765)(34,930)19.68 17.53 
Canceled(132,892)(7,300)(125,592)15.48 16.36 
Unvested, March 31, 2021 (1)
1,259,128 1,259,128 — $16.57 $— 
(1)Includes 43,000 RSUs which are expected to be settled in cash.
(2)Relates to the 2020 annual performance period. Total stock‑based compensation expense associated with these awards was fully recognized as of December 31, 2020.