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Equity Awards and Instruments (Tables) | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2021
Share-based Payment Arrangement [Abstract] |
Schedule of Stock-based Compensation Expense | Total stock‑based compensation expense was as follows:
| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
| September 30, |  | September 30,
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
IPO vested restricted stock and RSU expense | $ | — |  |  | $ | 15,445 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 15,445 |
Stock option expense | 773 |  |  | 2,893 |  |  | 2,494 |  |  | 5,849 |
Restricted stock and RSUs expense (1) | 4,681 |  |  | 2,067 |  |  | 11,139 |  |  | 2,104 |
Stock grants expense | — |  |  | — |  |  | 450 |  |  | 219 |
Bonus Plan expense (see Note 11) | 5,586 |  |  | — |  |  | 17,181 |  |  | — |
DCP elective participant deferrals expense (2) (see Note 12) | 173 |  |  | — |  |  | 173 |  |  | — |
ESPP expense (see Note 13) | 539 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,416 |  |  | — |
Total pre-tax expense (3) | $ | 11,752 |  |  | $ | 20,405 |  |  | $ | 32,853 |  |  | $ | 23,617 |
(1)Includes acquisition‑related shares (see Note 4). (2)DCP elective participant deferrals expense excludes deferred incentive bonus payable pursuant to the Bonus Plan. (3)As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, $6,126 and $6,835 remained in Accruals and other current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets, respectively. Total stock‑based compensation expense is included in the consolidated statements of operations as follows:
| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
| September 30, |  | September 30,
| 2021 |  | 2020 |  | 2021 |  | 2020
Cost of subscriptions and licenses | $ | 323 |  |  | $ | 896 |  |  | $ | 822 |  |  | $ | 943 |
Cost of services | 235 |  |  | 2,604 |  |  | 685 |  |  | 2,779 |
Research and development | 5,227 |  |  | 6,955 |  |  | 14,069 |  |  | 8,110 |
Selling and marketing | 1,582 |  |  | 5,183 |  |  | 3,885 |  |  | 5,987 |
General and administrative | 4,385 |  |  | 4,767 |  |  | 13,392 |  |  | 5,798 |
Total pre-tax expense | $ | 11,752 |  |  | $ | 20,405 |  |  | $ | 32,853 |  |  | $ | 23,617 |
Schedule of Options | The following is a summary of stock option activity and related information under the Company’s applicable equity incentive plans:
|  |  |  |  | Weighted |  |
|  |  | Weighted |  | Average |  |
|  |  | Average |  | Remaining |  | Aggregate
| Stock |  | Exercise Price |  | Contractual |  | Intrinsic
| Options |  | Per Share |  | Life (in years) |  | Value
Outstanding, December 31, 2020 | 12,842,226 |  |  | $ | 4.87 |  |  |  |  |
Exercised | (5,262,637) |  |  | 4.35 |  |  |  |  |
Forfeited | (243,250) |  |  | 5.53 |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding, September 30, 2021 | 7,336,339 |  |  | $ | 5.23 |  |  | 1.78 |  | $ | 406,515 |
Exercisable, September 30, 2021 | 4,228,714 |  |  | $ | 4.96 |  |  | 1.47 |  | $ | 235,458 |
Schedule of Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Unit Activity | The following is a summary of unvested restricted stock and RSU activity and related information under the Company’s applicable equity incentive plans:
|  |  |  |  |  |  | Time- |  | Performance-
|  |  |  |  |  |  | Based |  | Based
|  |  | Time- |  | Performance- |  | Weighted |  | Weighted
| Total |  | Based |  | Based |  | Average |  | Average
| Restricted |  | Restricted |  | Restricted |  | Grant Date |  | Grant Date
| Stock |  | Stock |  | Stock |  | Fair Value |  | Fair Value
| and RSUs |  | and RSUs |  | and RSUs |  | Per Share |  | Per Share
Unvested, December 31, 2020 | 1,423,715 |  |  | 1,263,193 |  |  | 160,522 |  | (3) | $ | 16.38 |  |  | $ | 16.62 |
Granted | 693,016 |  | (1) | 593,208 |  |  | 99,808 |  | (4) | 51.22 |  | 49.93
Vested | (332,532) |  |  | (297,602) |  |  | (34,930) |  | (3) | 15.30 |  |  | 16.62 |
Forfeited | (192,999) |  |  | (64,282) |  |  | (128,717) |  |  | 20.56 |  |  | 17.43 |
Unvested, September 30, 2021 | 1,591,200 |  | (2) | 1,494,517 |  |  | 96,683 |  |  | $ | 30.20 |  |  | $ | 49.93 |
(1)For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Company only granted RSUs. (2)Includes 43,735 RSUs which are expected to be settled in cash. (3)Relates to the 2020 annual performance period. Total stock‑based compensation expense associated with these awards was fully recognized as of December 31, 2020. (4)Relates to the 2021 annual performance period.

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