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Revenue from Contracts with Customers
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Revenue from Contract with Customer [Abstract]  
Revenue from Contracts with Customers Revenue from Contracts with Customers
Disaggregation of Revenues
The Company’s revenues consist of the following:
Year Ended December 31,
202320222021
Subscriptions:
Enterprise subscriptions (1)
$433,321 $345,678 $290,097 
SELECT subscriptions258,288 264,308 269,283 
Term license subscriptions388,698 350,234 253,427 
Subscriptions1,080,307 960,220 812,807 
Perpetual licenses46,038 43,377 53,080 
Subscriptions and licenses1,126,345 1,003,597 865,887 
Services:
Recurring16,370 17,804 21,343 
Other85,698 77,681 77,816 
Services102,068 95,485 99,159 
Total revenues$1,228,413 $1,099,082 $965,046 
(1)Enterprise subscriptions includes revenue attributable to E365 subscriptions of $411,025, $306,901, and $223,293 for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.
The Company recognizes perpetual licenses and the term license component of subscriptions as revenue when either the licenses are delivered or at the start of the subscription term. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, the Company recognized $592,737, $513,736, and $412,375 of license related revenues, respectively, of which $546,699, $470,359, and $359,295, respectively, were attributable to the term license component of the Company’s subscription based commercial offerings recorded in Subscriptions in the consolidated statements of operations.
The Company derived 8% of its total revenues through channel partners for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021.
Revenue from external customers is attributed to individual countries based upon the location of the customer. Revenues by geographic region are as follows:
Year Ended December 31,
202320222021
Americas (1)
$650,926 $584,794 $483,087 
EMEA353,550 312,804 300,123 
APAC223,937 201,484 181,836 
Total revenues$1,228,413 $1,099,082 $965,046 
(1)Americas includes the U.S., Canada, and Latin America, including the Caribbean. Revenue attributable to the U.S. totaled $511,828, $459,511, and $393,865 for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.
Nature of Products and Services
The Company recognizes revenue upon the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the expected consideration received in exchange for those goods or services. The Company generates revenues from subscriptions, perpetual licenses, and services.
The Company recognizes an asset for the incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer if the Company expects the benefit of those costs to be longer than one year. The contract costs are amortized based on the economic life of the goods and services to which the contract costs relate. The Company has determined that costs under certain sales incentive programs meet the requirements to be capitalized. The Company applies a practical expedient to expense costs as incurred for costs to obtain a contract with a customer when the amortization period would have been one year or less. These costs include the Company’s internal sales force compensation program and certain channel partner sales incentive programs for which the annual compensation is commensurate with annual sales activities.
Subscriptions
Enterprise Subscriptions
The Company provides enterprise subscription offerings, which provide its enterprise accounts with complete and unlimited global access to the Company’s comprehensive portfolio of solutions. E365 subscriptions require a CSS as described below and are charged to accounts primarily based upon daily usage. The daily usage fee includes a term license component, SELECT maintenance and support, hosting, and Success Blueprints, which are designed to achieve business outcomes through more efficient and effective use of the Company’s software. E365 revenues are recognized based upon usage incurred by the account. Usage is primarily defined as distinct user access on a daily basis. E365 subscriptions can contain quarterly usage floors or collars. The term of E365 subscriptions aligns with calendar quarters and revenue is recognized based on actual usage. Alternatively, enterprise license subscriptions (“ELS”) provide access for a prepaid fee, which is based on the account’s usage of software in the preceding year, to effectively create a fee‑certain consumption‑based arrangement. ELS contain a term license component, SELECT maintenance and support, and performance consulting days. The SELECT maintenance and support benefits under ELS do not include a portfolio balancing performance obligation. Revenue is allocated to the various performance obligations based on their respective SSP. Revenue allocated to the term license component is recognized upon delivery at the start of the subscription term while revenues for the SELECT maintenance and support and the performance consulting days are recognized as delivered over the subscription term. Billings in advance are recorded as Deferred revenues in the consolidated balance sheets.
SELECT Subscriptions
The Company provides prepaid annual recurring subscriptions that accounts (which are based on distinct contractual and billing relationships with the Company, where affiliated entities of a single parent company may each have an independent account with the Company) can elect to add to a new or previously purchased perpetual license. SELECT provides accounts with benefits, including upgrades, comprehensive technical support, pooled licensing benefits, annual portfolio balancing exchange rights, learning benefits, certain Azure‑based cloud collaboration services, mobility advantages, and access to other available benefits. SELECT subscriptions revenues are recognized as distinct performance obligations are satisfied. The performance obligations within the SELECT offering, outside of the portfolio balancing exchange right, are concurrently delivered and have the same pattern of recognition. These performance obligations are accounted for ratably over the term as a single performance obligation.
Term License Subscriptions
The Company provides annual, quarterly, and monthly term licenses for its software products. Term license subscriptions contain a term license component and SELECT maintenance and support. Revenue is allocated to the various performance obligations based on their SSP. Annual term licenses (“ATL”) are generally prepaid annually for named user access to specific products and include the Company’s Virtuoso subscriptions sold via the Company’s Virtuosity eStore for practitioner licenses. Virtuoso subscriptions are bundles with customizable training and expert consultation administered through “keys” or credits. Quarterly term license (“QTL”) subscriptions allow accounts to pay quarterly in arrears for license usage that is beyond their prepaid subscriptions. Monthly term license (“MTL”) subscriptions are identical to QTL subscriptions, except for the term of the license, and the manner in which they are monetized. MTL subscriptions require a CSS, which is described below. For ATL, revenue allocated to the term license component is recognized upon delivery at the start of the subscription term while revenue for the SELECT maintenance and support is recognized as delivered over the subscription term. For Virtuoso keys, revenue is recognized as services are delivered. Billings in advance are recorded as Deferred revenues in the consolidated balance sheets. For usage‑based QTL and MTL subscriptions, revenues are recognized based upon usage incurred by the account. Usage is defined as peak usage over the respective terms. The terms of QTL and MTL subscriptions align with calendar quarters and calendar months, respectively, and revenue is recognized based on actual usage.
Visas are quarterly or annual term licenses enabling users to access specific project or enterprise information and entitles users to certain functionality of the Company’s ProjectWise and AssetWise systems. The Company’s standard offerings are usage based with monetization through the Company’s CSS program as described below.
CSS is a program designed to streamline the procurement, administration, and payment process. The program requires an estimation of annual usage for CSS eligible offerings and a deposit of funds in advance. Actual consumption is monitored and invoiced against the deposit on a calendar quarter basis. CSS balances not utilized for eligible products or services may roll over to future periods or are refundable. Paid and unconsumed CSS balances are recorded in Accruals and other current liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets. Software and services consumed under CSS are recognized pursuant to the applicable revenue recognition guidance for the respective software or service and classified as subscriptions or services based on their respective nature.
Perpetual Licenses
Perpetual licenses may be sold with or without attaching a SELECT subscription. Historically, attachment and retention of the SELECT subscription has been high given the benefits of the SELECT subscription discussed above. Perpetual licenses revenues are recognized upon delivery of the license to the user.
Services
The Company provides professional services, including training, implementation, configuration, customization, and strategic consulting services. The Company performs projects on both a time and materials and a fixed fee basis. Certain of the Company’s fixed‑fee arrangements, including its Success Services offerings, are structured as subscription‑like, packaged offerings that are annually recurring in nature. Success Services are standard service offerings that provide a level of dedicated professional services above the standard technical support offered to all accounts as part of their SELECT or enterprise agreement. Revenues are recognized as services are performed.
The Company primarily utilizes its direct internal sales force and also has arrangements through independent channel partners to promote and sell its products and subscriptions to end‑users. Channel partners are authorized to promote the sale of an authorized set of the Company’s products and subscriptions within an authorized geography under a Channel Partner Agreement.
Significant Judgments and Estimates
The Company’s contracts with customers may include promises to transfer licenses (perpetual or term‑based), maintenance, and services to a user. Judgment is required to determine if the promises are separate performance obligations, and if so, the allocation of the transaction price to each performance obligation. When an arrangement includes multiple performance obligations which are concurrently delivered and have the same pattern of transfer to the customer, the Company accounts for those performance obligations as a single performance obligation. For contracts with more than one performance obligation, the transaction price is allocated among the performance obligations in an amount that depicts the relative SSP of each obligation. Judgment is required to determine the SSP for each distinct performance obligation. In instances where SSP is not directly observable, such as when the Company does not sell the product or service separately, the Company determines the SSP using information that may include market conditions and other observable inputs. The Company uses a range of amounts to estimate SSP when it sells each of the products and services separately and needs to determine whether there is a discount that should be allocated based on the relative SSP of the various products and services.
The Company’s SELECT agreement provides users with perpetual licenses a right to exchange software for other eligible perpetual licenses on an annual basis upon renewal. The Company refers to this option as portfolio balancing and has concluded that the portfolio balancing feature represents a material right resulting in the deferral of the associated revenue. Judgment is required to estimate the percentage of users who may elect to portfolio balance and considers inputs such as historical user elections. This feature is available once per term and must be exercised prior to the respective renewal term. The Company recognizes the associated revenue upon election or when the portfolio balancing right expires. This right is included in the initial and subsequent renewal terms and the Company reestablishes the revenue deferral for the material right upon the beginning of the renewal term.
Unbilled Revenues
Unbilled revenues represent revenues that have not yet been billed to customers due to timing differences in usage and billing cycles, and are included in Accounts receivable in the consolidated balance sheets. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, unbilled revenues were $129,494 and $113,217, respectively.
Contract Balances
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company’s contract assets relate to performance obligations completed in advance of the right to invoice and are included in Prepaid and other current assets in the consolidated balance sheets. Contract assets were not material as of December 31, 2023 or 2022.
Deferred revenues consist of billings made or payments received in advance of revenue recognition from subscriptions and services. The timing of revenue recognition may differ from the timing of billings to users. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, total deferred revenues on the consolidated balance sheets were $269,647 and $243,073, respectively.
For the year ended December 31, 2023, $213,021 of revenues that were included in the December 31, 2022 deferred revenues balance were recognized. There were additional deferrals of $237,193, which were primarily related to new billings and acquisitions. For the year ended December 31, 2022, $204,279 of revenues that were included in the December 31, 2021 deferred revenues balance were recognized. There were additional deferrals of $221,126, which were primarily related to new billings and acquisitions.
As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company has deferred $18,269 and $17,338, respectively, related to portfolio balancing exchange rights which is included in Deferred revenues in the consolidated balance sheets.
Remaining Performance Obligations
The Company’s contracts with customers include amounts allocated to performance obligations that will be satisfied at a later date. As of December 31, 2023, amounts allocated to these remaining performance obligations are $269,647, of which the Company expects to recognize approximately 94% over the next 12 months with the remaining amount thereafter.
Guarantees
The Company’s software license agreements typically provide for indemnification of customers for intellectual property infringement claims. The Company also warrants to customers, when requested, that its software products operate substantially in accordance with standard specifications for a limited period of time. The Company has not incurred significant obligations under customer indemnification or warranty provisions historically and does not expect to incur significant obligations in the future. Accordingly, the Company does not maintain accruals for potential customer indemnification or warranty‑related obligations.